DOCSLIB.ORG

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Bioluminescence Genes in the Enope Squid Watasenia Scintillans

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Bioluminescence Genes in the Enope Squid Watasenia Scintillans Marine Biotechnology (2020) 22:760–771 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-10001-8 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Genomic and Transcriptomic Analyses of Bioluminescence Genes in the Enope Squid Watasenia scintillans Masa-aki Yoshida1 & Junichi Imoto2,3 & Yuri Kawai4 & Satomi Funahashi4 & Ryuhei Minei5 & Yuki Akizuki5 & Atsushi Ogura5 & Kazuhiko Nakabayashi6 & Kei Yura4,7 & Kazuho Ikeo2 Received: 8 April 2020 /Accepted: 28 September 2020 / Published online: 24 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Watasenia scintillans, a sparkling enope squid, has bioluminescence organs to illuminate its body with its own luciferase activity. To clarify the molecular mechanism underlying its scintillation, we analysed high-throughput sequencing data acquired previ- ously and obtained draft genome sequences accomplished with comparative genomic data among the cephalopods. The genome mapped by transcriptome data showed that (1) RNA editing contributed to transcriptome variation of lineage specific genes, such as W. scintillans luciferase, and (2) two types of luciferase enzymes were characterized with reasonable 3D models docked to a luciferin molecule. We report two different types of luciferase in one organism and possibly related to variety of colour types in the W. scintillans fluorescent organs. Keywords Firefly squid . Cephalopod . RNA editing . 3D modelling . Repetitive elements Introduction The squid also has dermal light organs producing ambient, greenish light. The dermal light organs are utilized for Around the Japanese sea, especially off Toyama, the appear- counter-illumination camouflage to match the brightness mak- ance of shoals of the sparkling enope squid, Watasenia ing it difficult for predators below to detect the squid (Young scintillans, heralds the beginning of spring. The W. scintillans and Roper 1977). Young et al. (1979) reported that is also known as the “firefly squid,” which is important for both Enoploteuthis, the closest relative of W. scintillans, has dermal tourism and the fishing industry in Japan. W. scintillans emits light organs similar to the ones of W. scintillans.Themembers light from three different types of photophores (Inamura et al. of the Enoploteuthidae seems to have a common mechanism of 1990). Five light organs are located around each eye, and a bioluminescence. Several researches in the past have cluster of three light organs is located at the tip of the arms. established the molecular mechanism of illumination that Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-020-10001-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Masa-aki Yoshida 3 Present address: Fisheries Data Sciences Division, Fisheries [email protected] Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Fukuura 2-12-4, Kanazawa, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan * Kei Yura [email protected] 4 Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan 5 1 Marine Biological Science Section, Education and Research Center Department of Computer Bioscience, Nagahama Institute of for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Japan Sciences, Shimane University, Oki, Japan 6 Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, Research Institute, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan 2 Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National 7 School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan Tokyo, Japan Mar Biotechnol (2020) 22:760–771 761 coelenterazine disulfate is the luciferin substrate, and the reac- (Oliver and Greene 2009). For instance, the inserts of REs tion requires ATP, Mg2+ and molecular oxygen (Tsuji 2002; were estimated as a cause of disruption of macrosynteny of Tsuji 2005; Teranishi and Shimomura 2008;Gotoetal.1974; the genome and resulted in the loss of the HOX gene cluster in Inoue et al. 1975; Inoue et al. 1976). octopus (Albertin et al. 2015). The question to be addressed is In addition to the study of luminescence, cephalopod mol- how REs arose and expanded across the cephalopod genomes luscs, especially squids, have fascinated many researchers during the evolution. Typically, types of causal transposable studying not only in the field of fishery science but also in elements (TEs) show the history that the species has followed the field of molecular biology, especially neuroscience, visual and are related to the characteristics of the organism. For ex- physiology and biophysics (Schwiening 2012;Seidouetal. ample, Alu-type short interspersed nuclear element (SINE), 1990; Hara and Hara 1980; Shichida and Matsuyama 2009; which is the most abundant repeat sequence found in human Murakami and Kouyama 2008). To fulfil the demand of the genome, occupies more than 10% of the genome sequence resources, the sparkling enope squid has played a decent role (Lander et al. 2001). Despite the abundance, a major burst of because collection of the squid is exceptionally stable com- the Alu amplification was estimated to have happened 25– pared with other deep-sea squids that are usually difficult to 50 Mya based on the human Alu subfamily sequence diversity collect. However, the recent advance genome biology has not (Shen et al. 1991). TEs are the major part of REs in the ceph- blessed this species. alopod genomes (da Fonseca et al. 2020) and undergo a rapid Lack of genome information had prevented us from increase in copy number in some animal clades, resulting in understanding the genetic basis of cephalopod biology. the increase of the genome size through TE amplification and, The report of octopus genome from Albertin et al. in some cases, in causing loci rearrangements through TE (2015) has finally advanced the understanding of insertions. The former was already observed in squid and in Cephalopoda class. The genome analysis revealed three octopus (Yoshida et al. 2011;Albertinetal.2015), and the notable characteristics of the octopus genome: (1) highly latter was suggested to have happened as large-scale genomic rearranged genome with transposable element expansion, rearrangements in the genome of California two-spot octopus (2) lineage specific duplication of certain types of genes Octopus bimaculoides (Albertin et al. 2015). It is considered and (3) whole transcript-wide adenosine to inosine (A-to- that the timing of its appearance is greatly related to the reor- I) RNA editing (Alon et al. 2015; Liscovitch-Brauer et al. ganization of the genome; however, burst timing of REs are 2017). These characteristics featured the octopus genome uncertain in the cephalopods even before/after squid-octopod as quite different from metazoan genomes. However, it is divergence. not clear whether these characteristics are specific to oc- Another characteristic of cephalopod genetic system is the topuses or to cephalopods including squids and cuttlefish. existence of extensive RNA editing (Liscovitch-Brauer et al. Squid and cuttlefish, different major lineage of the ceph- 2017). The events of RNA editing itself have been discovered alopods, show similar body plans and morphology to the in wide range of organisms including humans, Drosophila octopuses (Young 1971) but diversified over 270–284 and so forth. However, numerous RNA-editing sites were million years ago (Mya) (Kröger et al. 2011;Vinther conserved between squids and octopuses, especially in tran- et al. 2012). The timescale is comparable with the time scripts of nervous system, which is quite contrary to the situ- of the appearance of dinosaurs or mammals (324.7 Mya, ation in mammals and Drosophila. In humans, for instance, dosReisetal.2015). Hence, comparative genomic studies the locations of RNA editing in only 25 genes are conserved among octopus, squid and cuttlefish may accentuate ceph- across mammals (Pinto et al. 2014). In Drosophila, only about alopod commonalities with differences to other molluscs 65 editing sites are conserved across the Drosophila lineage and spotlight the specific features among them. (Yu et al. 2016). RNA editing is expected to be utilized for The average genome size of the cephalopods known to date enhancing transcriptome variation (Liscovitch-Brauer et al. is slightly bigger than that of other molluscan species 2017). (Gregory 2019). We have estimated the genome size of the Recently, the genome of Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna enope squid by comparing the mean copy number of mito- scolopes, a model cephalopod with symbiotic luminescence, chondria per cell and found that the haploid genome size was has been sequenced, and the highly repetitive nature of the about 4.78 giga base pair (Gbp) (Hayashi et al. 2016). The size genome was uncovered (Belcaid et al. 2019). To solidify the is bigger than the known genome sizes of squids (Gregory characteristics of cephalopod genomes and to uncover the 2019). Recent genome analysis has revealed that the regions commonality of RNA editing in this group of organisms, we with three giga base in total in the octopus genome have been obtained the draft genome sequences of the Japanese enope the result of enormous expansion of repetitive sequences, such squid, W. scintillans, which has several light organs different as transposons, contributing nearly 45% of the genome from the ones of E. scolopes. We further used a genomic (Albertin et al. 2015). Such repetitive elements (REs) often approach in combination with transcriptomic approach, name- cause genomic rearrangement across
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Cephalopoda
    Carl Chun THE CEPHALOPO PART I: OEGOPSIDA PART II: MYOPSIDA, OCTOPODA ATLAS Carl Chun THE CEPHALOPODA NOTE TO PLATE LXVIII Figure 7 should read Figure 8 Figure 9 should read Figure 7 GERMAN DEEPSEA EXPEDITION 1898-1899. VOL. XVIII SCIENTIFIC RESULTS QF THE GERMAN DEEPSEA EXPEDITION ON BOARD THE*STEAMSHIP "VALDIVIA" 1898-1899 Volume Eighteen UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE GERMAN MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR Supervised by CARL CHUN, Director of the Expedition Professor of Zoology , Leipzig. After 1914 continued by AUGUST BRAUER Professor of Zoology, Berlin Carl Chun THE CEPHALOPODA PART I: OEGOPSIDA PART II: MYOPSIDA, OCTOPODA ATLAS Translatedfrom the German ISRAEL PROGRAM FOR SCIENTIFIC TRANSLATIONS Jerusalem 1975 TT 69-55057/2 Published Pursuant to an Agreement with THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION and THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION, WASHINGTON, D.C. Since the study of the Cephalopoda is a very specialized field with a unique and specific terminology and phrase- ology, it was necessary to edit the translation in a technical sense to insure that as accurate and meaningful a represen- tation of Chun's original work as possible would be achieved. We hope to have accomplished this responsibility. Clyde F. E. Roper and Ingrid H. Roper Technical Editors Copyright © 1975 Keter Publishing House Jerusalem Ltd. IPST Cat. No. 05452 8 ISBN 7065 1260 X Translated by Albert Mercado Edited by Prof. O. Theodor Copy-edited by Ora Ashdit Composed, Printed and Bound by Keterpress Enterprises, Jerusalem, Israel Available from the U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Technical Information Service Springfield, Va. 22151 List of Plates I Thaumatolampas diadema of luminous o.rgans 95 luminous organ 145 n.gen.n.sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of Cephalopod Early-Life Stages Across the Southeastern Brazilian Bight: Spatio-Temporal Patterns in Taxonomic Richness
    Marine Biodiversity https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00980-w ORIGINAL PAPER Biodiversity of cephalopod early-life stages across the Southeastern Brazilian Bight: spatio-temporal patterns in taxonomic richness Carolina C. Araújo1,2 & Maria A. Gasalla1,2 Received: 15 October 2018 /Revised: 20 May 2019 /Accepted: 5 June 2019 # Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung 2019 Abstract The diversity patterns of cephalopod early-life stages on the continental shelf of Southeastern Brazilian Bight (SBB, 22–25°S) were investigated using a historical plankton archive of 22 oceanographic cruises carried out from 1974 to 2010. From 874 plankton samples, 438 were positive for cephalopod paralarvae (n = 2116), which were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible, totaling 15 taxa belonging to 11 families. Richness and diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Pielou’seven- ness) revealed a cross-shelf gradient, independent of season and latitude. Abundance k-dominance curves were consistent with this depth-related trend, resulting in high values of k-dominance for the inner shelf during both summer and winter. Two major assemblages were identified by cluster analyses: an inner shelf and a mid-outer shelf. During summer, the inner shelf assemblage was composed of neritic Loliginidae Lesueur, 1821 and epipelagic Argonautidae Tryon, 1879, while in winter, benthic Octopodidae Orbigny, 1840 replaced Argonautidae in importance. These data reveal a remarkable difference in Argonautidae and Octopodidae paralarvae abundance, suggesting a seasonal reproductive pattern for these cephalopods in the SBB. Mesopelagic Enoploteuthidae Pfeffer, 1900 and Ommastrephidae Steenstrup, 1857 characterized the mid-outer shelf assem- blages both in summer and winter. Although based on a higher taxonomic level, the distribution of cephalopod paralarva families reflected not only oceanographic patterns of the SBB but also their adaptations and reproductive strategies.
    [Show full text]
  • Learning About Our Favourite Squid Species
    Cephalopod Science Investigations LEARNING ABOUT OUR FAVOURITE SQUID SPECIES By Cushla Dromgool-Regan Eimear Manning & Anna Quinn www.EXPLORERS.ie The Explorers Education Programme is funded by the Marine Institute Explorers Education Programme engage with primary schools, teachers and children, creating marine leaders and ocean champions. The Explorers Education Programme team provides engaging activities, resources and support for teachers, children and the education network, delivering ocean literacy to primary schools. We aim to inspire children and educators to learn about our marine and maritime identity and heritage, as well as making informed and responsible decisions regarding the ocean and its resources. We communicate about the ocean in a meaningful way, increasing the awareness and understanding of our marine biodiversity, the environment, as well as the opportunities and social benefits of our ocean wealth. To help inspire children learning about the ocean, we have developed a series of teaching materials and resources about Squid! Check out our Explorers books: Cephalopod Science Investigations – Learning about Squid 101; My CSI Squid Workbook. Also, see our interactive film: Cephalopod Science Investigations – Learning about Squid 101 and Dissection. For more information about our Squid series see www.explorers.ie CEPHALOPOD SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS LEARNING ABOUT OUR FAVOURITE SQUID SPECIES AUTHORS Cushla Dromgool-Regan Eimear Manning Anna Quinn PUBLISHED BY Marine Institute First published in 2021 Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Galway All or parts of the content of this publication may be reproduced without further permission for education purposes, provided the author and publisher are acknowledged. Authors: Cushla Dromgool-Regan, The Camden Education Trust; Eimear Manning, The Camden Education Trust; & Anna Quinn, Galway Atlantaquaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Bio-Inspired Artificial Helical Chromatophore for Stealth Mode
    Bio-inspired Artificial Helical Chromatophore for Stealth Mode Duck Weon Lee Department of Chemistry and Material Science, Aalto University, PO Box 16100, FI-00076 AALTO, Finland Abstract Stealth technology has been very usefully applied in the military fields and is now becoming more prominent as a strategic technology. In nature, the firefly squid can protect itself from enemies using camouflage as a stealth mode. On the other hand, it is able to send fluorescent signals to attract prey by switching into a bright mode. Despite the development of many existing biomimetic materials, there are significant constraints related to their color-changeable velocity and mobility. Herein, we have developed a bio-inspired artificial thermochromic material system, which can reversibly switch between stealth and bright modes and thus provide a means to adapting to one’s environment analogous to the strategy applied by firefly squids. Through vertical contraction, a helically coiled yarn artificial muscle, selectively coated by Rhodamine B and TiO2, can switch between fluorescent and stealth modes with a maximum speed of 0.31 cm/s. Upon external thermal impulse, artificial thermochromic muscle can spin up to 309° and achieve a negative strain of 84.6%. In addition, this research demonstrates thermochromic effects even in underwater aqueous conditions, showing applicability toward underwater robotics. With the cost-effectiveness of the demonstrated system, the developed artificial thermochromic muscles can be implemented into a variety of applications, such as colorimetric sensors and aqueous color-changeable soft robotics. Stealth technology, a type of camouflage, can be used as an antidetection technology to hide aircraft, submarines, satellites, and missiles from sonar, infrared, radar, and other detectors which take advantage of a power and direction of electromagnetic radiation1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • An Illustrated Key to the Families of the Order
    CLYDE F. E. ROP An Illustrated RICHARD E. YOl and GILBERT L. VC Key to the Families of the Order Teuthoidea Cephalopoda) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • 1969 NUMBER 13 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 13 Clyde F. E. Roper, An Illustrated Key 5K?Z" to the Families of the Order Teuthoidea (Cephalopoda) SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1969 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge not strictly professional." This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of professional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields.
    [Show full text]
  • 8 Armed Bandits; a Closer Look at Cephalopods an Educator’S Guide to the Program
    8 Armed Bandits; A Closer Look at Cephalopods An Educator’s Guide to the Program Grades K-5 Program Description: This program explores the class of mollusk known as cephalopods. Cephalopods are the most intelligent group of mollusk and most of them lack a shell. The name cephalopod means “head-foot” and contains: octopus, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus. The goal of 8-armed bandits is to teach students the characteristics, defense mechanisms, and extreme intelligence of cephalopods. *Before your class visits the Oklahoma Aquarium* This guide contains information and activities for you to use both before and after your visit to the Oklahoma Aquarium. You may want to read stories about cephalopods and their abilities to the students, present information in class, or utilize some of the activities from this booklet. 1 Table of Contents 8 armed bandits abstract 3 Educator Information 4 Vocabulary 5 Internet resources and books 6 PASS/OK Science standards 7-8 Accompanying Activities Build Your Own squid (K-5) 9 How do Squid Defend Themselves? (K-5) 10 Octopus Arms (K-3) 11 Octopus Math (pre-K-K) 12 Camouflage (K-3) 13 Octopus Puppet (K-3) 14 Hidden animals (K-1) 15 Cephalopod color pages (3) (K-5) 16 Cephalopod Magic (4-5) 19 Nautilus (4-5) 20 2 8 Armed Bandits; A Closer Look at Cephalopods: Abstract Cephalopods are a class of mollusk that are highly intelligent and unlike most other mollusk, they generally lack a shell. There are 85,000 different species of mollusk; however cephalopods only contain octopi, squid, cuttlefish and nautilus.
    [Show full text]
  • Abra/Iopsis Pacificus, a New Species of the Squid Family Enoploteuthidae from the Northwest Pacific
    Bull. Natn. Sci. Mus., Tokyo, Ser. A, 16(2), pp. 47-60, June 22, 1990 Abra/iopsis pacificus, a New Species of the Squid Family Enoploteuthidae from the Northwest Pacific By Kotaro TSUCHIYA and Takashi OKUTANI Tokyo University of Fisheries, Tokyo Abstract Abraliopsis (Abraliopsis) pacificus n. sp. is described. This species is char­ acterized by having diffused photophore arrangement on head, developed carpal flap and aboral keel on tentacular club, unequal offsetcrests on hectocotylus and rectangular arm sucker ring teeth. It is distributed commonly in the mid water of Northwest Pacific Basin. During the systematic study on the Family Enoploteuthidae mainly based on the midwater samples of the R/V Kaiyo-Maru from the Northwest Pacific Ocean, some new facts including undescribed species have been discovered. The previous paper described a new species of the genus Abralia GRAY, 1849, A. similis OKUTANI et Tsu­ CHIYA, 1987, and here another new species of the genus Abraliopsis JouBIN, 1896 is described. This series of study is aiming at not only describing new taxa of this diverse family, but also making a critical revision of the family Enoploteuthidae. The nominal species of the genus Abraliopsis hitherto known are as follows: Abraliopsis hoylei (PFEFFER, 1884): Western Indian Ocean Abraliopsis lineata (GOODRICH, 1896): Indian Ocean Abraliopsis pfefferi JoUBIN, 1896: Atlantic Abraliopsis ajfinis (PFEFFER, 1912): Eastern Tropical Pacific Abrailopsis gilchristi (ROBSON, 1924): South Africa and New Zealand Abraliopsis felis McGOWAN et OKUTANI, 1968: Northern North Pacific, Transitional Abraliopsis falco YOUNG, 1972: California Current to Northwest Pacific Abraliopsis tui RIDDELL, 1985: New Zealand Abraliopsis chuni NEsrs, 1982: Western Indian Ocean Abraliopsis atlantica NESIS, 1982: Tropical and subtropical Atlantic In addition to this, OKUTANI (1985) has early recognized the existence of an undescribed species of this genus in the Northwest Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Distribution of Abraliopsis (Cephalopoda : Enoploteuthidae) in Australian Waters
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health - Honours Theses University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2015 Systematics and Distribution of Abraliopsis (Cephalopoda : Enoploteuthidae) in Australian Waters Kwan Wah Li Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/thsci University of Wollongong Copyright Warning You may print or download ONE copy of this document for the purpose of your own research or study. The University does not authorise you to copy, communicate or otherwise make available electronically to any other person any copyright material contained on this site. You are reminded of the following: This work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this work may be reproduced by any process, nor may any other exclusive right be exercised, without the permission of the author. Copyright owners are entitled to take legal action against persons who infringe their copyright. A reproduction of material that is protected by copyright may be a copyright infringement. A court may impose penalties and award damages in relation to offences and infringements relating to copyright material. Higher penalties may apply, and higher damages may be awarded, for offences and infringements involving the conversion of material into digital or electronic form. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Wollongong. Recommended Citation Li, Kwan Wah, Systematics and Distribution of Abraliopsis (Cephalopoda : Enoploteuthidae) in Australian Waters, BEnviSci Hons, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, 2015. https://ro.uow.edu.au/thsci/113 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Abralia</I> (Cephalopoda: Enoploteuthidae)
    BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, 66(2): 417–443, 2000 NEW SPECIES PAPER SQUIDS OF THE GENUS ABRALIA (CEPHALOPODA: ENOPLOTEUTHIDAE) FROM THE WESTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC WITH A DESCRIPTION OF ABRALIA OMIAE, A NEW SPECIES Kiyotaka Hidaka and Tsunemi Kubodera ABSTRACT Squids of the genus Abralia collected by a midwater trawl in the western tropical Pa- cific were examined. Five species were identified, including Abralia omiae new species. This species is characterized by having five monotypic subocular photophores, two lon- gitudinal broad bands of minute photophores on the ventral mantle, and a hectocotylized right ventral arm with two crests. The other four species identified were A. similis, A. trigonura, A. siedleckyi and A. heminuchalis. Materials from new localities for these spe- cies are discussed and comparisons to related species in several additional characters are made. Squids of the genus Abralia Gray 1849, family Enoploteuthidae, are important mem- bers in the micronektonic communities in the tropical and subtropical world oceans (e.g., Reid et al., 1991). The genus is distinguished in the family Enoploteuthidae by manus of club with one row of hooks and two rows of suckers, absence of enlarged photophores with black coverage on tips of arm IV, buccal crown with typical chromatophores on aboral surface without any other pigmentation, and five to 12 photophores on eyeball (Young et al., 1998). Several systematic studies on pelagic cephalopods in the Pacific Ocean (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832; Berry, 1909, 1913, 1914; Sasaki, 1929; Grimpe, 1931; Nesis and Nikitina, 1987; Okutani and Tsuchiya, 1987; Burgess, 1992) have revealed that nine nominal Abralia species are known from the Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution Patterns of the Early Life Stages of Pelagic Cephalopods in Three Geographically Different Regions of the Arabian Sea
    Reprinted from Okutani, T., O'Dor, R.K. and Kubodera, T. (eds.) 1993. Recent Advances in Fisheries Biology (fokai University Press, Tokyo) pp. 417-431. Distribution Patterns of the Early Life Stages of Pelagic Cephalopods in Three Geographically Different Regions of the Arabian Sea Uwe PIATKOWSKI*, Wolfgang WELSCH* and Andreas ROPKE** *Institut fiir Meereskunde, Universitiit Kiel, Diisternbrooker Weg 20, D-2300 Kiel 1, Germany **Institut Jiir Hydrobiologie und Fischereiwissenschaft, Universitiit Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, D-2000 Hamburg 50, Germany Abstract: The present study describes the distribution patterns of the early life stages of pelagic cephalo­ pods in three different areas of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean. Specimens were collected during the Meteor-expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1987 by means of multiple opening/closing nets in the top 150m of the water column. A total of 3836 specimens were caught at 67 stations. The following taxa were prevailing: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis (Ommastrephidae), Abralia marisarabica and Abraliopsis lineata (Enoploteuthidae), Onychoteuthis banksi (Onychoteuthidae), and Liocranchia reinhardti (Cran­ chiidae). While the enoploteuthid species dominated the two neritic regions (the stations grids off Oman and Pakistan), the ommastrephid and cranchiid species were most abundant in the oceanic waters of the central Arabian Sea. The geographical and vertical distribution patterns of the taxa were analyzed and are discussed along with hydro graphic features which characterized the different areas. The data provide new and important information on the spawning areas of pelagic tropical cephalopods. Introduction In respect to the strong swimming ability and net-avoidance capability of many adult oceanic cephalo­ pods, reliable quantitative estimates of their abundances may only be possible through sampling their early life stages.
    [Show full text]
  • A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History
    A Catalog of the Type-Specimens of Recent Cephalopoda in the National Museum of Natural History CLYDE F. E. ROPER and MICHAEL J. SWEENEY SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY • NUMBER 278 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiotogy Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world cf science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding Ecology of Cuvier's Beaked Whale (Ziphius Cavirostris)
    J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 2001), 81,687^694 Printed in the United Kingdom Feeding ecology of Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris): a review with new information on the diet of this species M.B. Santos*, G.J. Pierce*, J. HermanO,A.Lo¨ pezP,A.GuerraP,E.Mente*andM.R.Clarke *Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland. ODepartment of Geology and Zoology, Royal Museums of Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh, EH11JF, Scotland. P ECOBIOMAR, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, CSIC, Eduardo Cabello, 6, 36208, Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain. `Ancarva', Southdown, Millbrook, Torpoint, Cornwall, PL10 1EZ. E-mail: [email protected] Published information on the diet of Cuvier's beaked whales Ziphius cavirostris Odontoceti: Ziphiidae) is reviewed and new information on the stomach contents of three animals: two stranded in Galicia north-west Spain) in February 1990 at A Lanzada, and in February 1995 at Portonovo; and the third stranded in February 1999 in North Uist Scotland), is presented. The whale stranded in 1990 was a male; the other two were adult females. All animals were 45 m long. The limited published information on the diet of this species indicates that it feeds primarily on oceanic cephalopods although some authors also found remains of oceanic ¢sh and crustaceans. Food remains from the three new samples consisted entirely of cephalopod beaks. The Scottish sample set is the largest recorded to date for this species. The prey identi¢ed consisted of oceanic cephalopods, mainly squid Cephalopoda: Teuthoidea). The most frequently occurring species were the squid Teuthowenia megalops, Mastigoteuthis schmidti and Taonius pavo for the Galician whale stranded in 1990), Teuthowenia megalops and Histioteuthis reversa for the second Galician whale) and T.
    [Show full text]