Ken Baigent & Yichao Chen, Energy Management Specialists The Arctic Energy Alliance

6 Offices in the NWT

• • Inuvik • Norman Wells • Whati • Hay River • Fort Simpson

Staff 20 Staff Total • 7 Energy Management Specialists • 4 Engineers • 3 Certified Energy Advisors • 5 Regional Energy Project Coordinators • 2 Community Energy Planners • 4 Program Administration • 2 Management AEA Areas of Activity

We know about: Services • Energy Efficiency • Free information & advice • Renewable Energy • Incentive programs (EEIP) • Carbon Offsets • Home energy audits Our Clients are: • Workshops and training (Burn it Smart, Winterization) • Individuals • Building energy audits • Businesses • Institutions • Renewable energy pre‐feasibility studies (would Solar work?) • Communities • Monitoring (NSH Inuvik) • Aboriginal Governments The North – Unique Conditions

• Unique Challenges • Great Opportunities 1. Population 1. High energy costs 2. Transportation 2. High energy use 3. Climate/permafrost 3. High environmental 4. Energy Make‐up impacts 5. Cost The North – Unique Conditions NWT &

NWT Comparison Nunavut

1.35 Land Area (million sq. km.) 2.09

43,641 (decreasing) Population 36,102 (increasing)

33 Number of Communities 26

Community Electricity Generation 25 Diesel 26 7 Hydro 0 1 Liquid Natural Gas 0 Home Energy Evaluations

• Heat loss calculation • Appliance Assessment • Blower Door Test • Written report showing how much money will be saved for various upgrades Energy Efficiency Incentive Program (EEIP) Provides rebates for homeowners and businesses that purchase energy efficient products including:

• Wood & Pellet Stoves • Clothes washers • Refrigerators & Chest Freezers • Furnaces and Boilers • Water Heaters • Insulation • Air Sealing • LED Light Bulbs NEW Who’s Ken ?

• Joined AEA November, 2012

• EGH, EGNH & MURB certified – 2500+ audits

• Installed the first hybrid wind/solar grid‐ connected renewable energy system with my utility (2004/05)

• Now operates 26 kW of personal solar & wind

• Designed & commissioned 125 kW of solar Ken’s Car Ken’s Hobby Ken’s Other Hobby Ken’s Personal Systems

2005 ‐ 3.64 kW Hybrid Wind/Solar Grid‐Tie, with Battery Back‐Up Ken’s Personal Systems

2010 – 10.56 kW Solar Generation Facility –Direct Connect to Grid Ken’s Personal Systems

2011 – 11.70 kW Solar Generation Facility –Direct Connect to Grid Other Systems I Have Designed

2010‐12 –another 100 kW of Solar Generation What is “Renewable” Energy?

• Energy that comes from sources that are naturally replenished in our human timescale

• Fuel source is Clean & Green, from Nature

• Locally owned & harvested

• Not derived from Fossil or Nuclear fuel

• One or more renewable energy source is available to every Canadian

Geothermal

Possible for Fort Liard  <1MWe Above average temperature Gradient Estimated project resource 165 to 185 C <9% converted to electricity Water

Snare Hydro Electric Talston Hydro Electric Wind Diavik Diamond Mine –Hybrid Wind/Diesel  Commissioned in 2012  4 x 2.3MW turbines = 9.2MW  First large scale wind at a mine worldwide  Reducing mine’s diesel consumption by 10%  3 year wind monitoring study with weather tower donated  Transported by winter road Biomass Wood Pellets / Wood Chips / Round Wood Solar Solar Electricity Solar Hot Water

Solar Air Heating Passive Solar Solar Electricity Off Grid / Grid Connected –Photovoltaic (PV) Global Solar Resource Solar Map of Solar Map of Canada Solar Hot Spots of Canada

Fort Smith

Energy Conservation & Efficiency What is PhotoVoltaic (PV)?

Photo = Light Voltaic = Electricity A PV cell converts Light (Photons) into Electricity (Volts) Solar PV System Solar Hot Water System Azimuth & Tilt

. Optimal orientation is usually true South and tilt angle equal to latitude, or about 62 ̊ (in our locaon) . Local climate, shading or load characteristics can change the “ideal” orientation . Variation in collector azimuth @ 0 ̊ azimuth . +/‐ 45 ̊ = 90% solar potential . +/‐ 90 ̊= 67% solar potential . Variation in collector tilt @ tilt = latitude . Vertical ‐ 90 ̊ = 88 % . 4/12 Pitch ‐ 18 ̊ = 87% Site Considerations

• Orientation has moderate effect on solar collection

• Shading is the most important factor to avoid in locating a solar collection system

• Better to have sun at a poor angle than no sun at all! Solar Mounting

• Roof Mount – Flush

• Roof Mount –Raised

• Roof Mount – Flat Roof Ballasted Solar Mounting

• Ground Mount – Fixed or Seasonally Adjusted

• Ground Mount –Trackers (Single or Dual Axis Tracking) Some NWT Solar Installs

Residential Grid‐Connected in Yellowknife Some NWT Solar Installs

First Grid‐Connected System in the NWT

Sir John Franklin Highschool –‐ 2 kW installed in 2003 Some NWT Solar Installs

Greenstone Building – 33.5 kW installed in 2004 Some NWT Solar Installs

Greenstone Building –Solar Hot Water Some NWT Solar Installs

Fort Providence Seniors Residence – August, 2008 Solar Hot Water Some NWT Solar Installs

Tli Cho Construction –5 kW installed September, 2011 Some NWT Solar Installs

Tli Cho Construction –30 MWh generated so far ! Some NWT Solar Installs

Ollerhead & Associates –5.7 kW installed December, 2011 Some NWT Solar Installs

Ollerhead & Associates –Typical Monthly Production Distribution Some NWT Solar Installs Northern Sustainable House, Inuvik –3.5 kW in July, 2012 Some NWT Solar Installs

Northern Sustainable House, Inuvik ‐ May, 2015 Daily Production = 533 kWh ‐ 2014 Yearly production = 2,614 kWh ‐ Lifetime total = 8,250 kWh Some NWT Solar Installs

Fort Simpson Airport – 60.6 kW installed February 2012; increased to 104 kW in spring 2013 – 436 solar panels

Photo courtesy of Power Corp. Some NWT Solar Installs

Fort Simpson Airport – 116.4 MWh produced in 2014; 382.8 MWh since commissioning ! Some NWT Solar Installs

Hay River ‐ Whispering Willows Senior’s Home –60 kW Installed October 2014

Photo courtesy of Green Sun Rising, Inc. Some NWT Solar Installs

Whispering Willows– 50.84 MWh produced so far ! Some NWT Solar Installs

Colville Lake–54 kW installed October 2014; increased to 136.5 kW in summer 2015 – 540 solar panels

Photo from Enphase public website

Photo courtesy of Green Sun Rising, Inc. Some NWT Solar Installs

Yellowknife –various residential net‐metered systems in 2011; Pictured below is a 19 panel (5 kW) system installed in June Some NWT Solar Installs

Yellowknife Residence – 661 kWh in June, 2015 So What is a Good Location? • A “reasonable” annual solar resource • Orientation towards “Solar South” preferred – SE through SW also OK depending on tilt angle • Roof mount –flush mount or elevated? – Wind & snow loads, ease of cleaning & service • Ground mount –fixed or tracking? – Available space, ease of cleaning & service • Exposure ‐ shading • Type of system: off‐grid, on‐grid –with/without batteries • Based on the above –string or micro inverters? • Offset cost of power – personal use & excess to grid Solar Pathfinder Shade Analysis Magnetic Declination Magnetic Declination

The angular difference between true and magnetic south.

The main cause for this discrepancy is the Earth’s non‐uniform, conductive, fluid outer core that consists mainly of iron and nickel. This layer pulls your compass needle away from true north/south. Depending upon your location on the planet, the “pull” varies in strength and direction. Magnetic Declination http://magnetic‐declination.com/ Sample Exposure –Hospital Parking Lot Demo Site 20’ x 40’ area in Multiplex parking lot Back Right Corner Exposure Solar PathFinder –PV Studio 5 kW Demo System Solar PathFinder –PV Studio

5 kW Demo System

Blue – Tilt Angle = Latitude Base Case kWh = 5,436 Green – Tilt Angle = 6/12 pitch kWh = 5,278 (‐3%) Yellow –Dual Axis Tracker kWh = 8,395 (+54%) NRCan – RETScreen 5 kW Demo System Your Solar Project Team

• Advice from the Arctic Energy Alliance • System Designers • System suppliers/installers • Electrical & Structural Engineering • Northwest Territories Power Corporation (NTPC) & Northland Utilities (NUL) • Interconnection Application • Net‐Metering Program • GNWT Public Works –Electrical Permit, Inspection, Approval • Building Permits • System funding may be available through • GNWT –AETP • Federal Gov’t – ecoENERGY Net‐Metering Program Net‐Metering Program Alternative Energy Technologies Program

2015 AETP Program Guidelines • Residential Renewable Energy Fund (RREF) NWT Residents  33% funding up to $5,000

• Business Renewable Energy Fund (BREF) Commercial businesses including, off‐grid lodges and camps  33% funding up to $15,000

• Community Renewable Energy Program (CREP) Community and Aboriginal Governments & Non‐Profit Organizations  50% funding up to $21,000 The Future of Renewable ENERGY !!