Smart Cities Challenge Design Charrette Was Itself a Success, and Raised Interest and Community Buy-In for the Project

NORTHERN DARK SKY Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities Challenge COMMUNITY DESIGN CHARRETTE AUGUST 9 - 10, 2018

1 © Emily Hon, 2016 2 THE PROPOSAL

The City of Yellowknife is one of twenty finalists amongst 225 participating communities in the Smart Cities Challenge, a cross- Canada competition that encourages communities to adopt data- driven technology solutions to improve quality of life. Yellowknife’s proposal is created by the City of Yellowknife and Ecology North, in partnership with White Arkitekter AB (Sweden) and Northlands Utilities, is inspired by the “Dark Sky” movement to reduce light pollution in urban areas.

The proposal centres around «the lamp post as a beacon for sustainability». It reduces light pollution with smart sensors-equipped street lights, while also aiming to go much further. Through this proposal, the City of Yellowknife is making the street light a symbol of social, economic, and environmental sustainability by allowing modifications and modular additions to its structure to enhance its functionality, and engaging the conversation on urban retrofit and sustainable transitions. This could include anything from air quality sensors to electric vehicle charging stations. Just like a smartphone, the smart street light is able to accept myriad apps and modular add-ons that will have different functions throughout the city.

As one of the finalists for the Smart Cities Challenge $5M prize, the project partners have received $250k to pilot some of the proposal technologies and to prepare a final proposal. The City’s first step was to turn to the community to better understand their needs, values and aspirations. Thus, a two-day charrette, run by Ecology North and White Arkitekter AB, was held on August 9th and 10th in 2018, it brought together representatives from a wide range of community groups and stakeholders to answer the question:

« How can the street light become a beacon for sustainability? »

In this sense, the purpose of the charrette was to ensure that the needs of the community were met in the proposal put forward by the City of Yellowknife to Infrastructure Canada. Its other primary goal was to probe the concerns, values and aspirations of the people of Yellowknife when it comes to using technology to improve quality of life; thereby strengthening the sense of belonging of the individuals involved, and encouraging their engagement in future decision-making. This document summarizes the activities and discussions that took place during the charrette, and the resulting trends and conclusions.

3 Mark Heyck Rebecca Alty Mike Auger Chris Goit Mayor, Council Member Manager Network Administrator, City of Yellowknife City of Yellowknife Sustainability and Solid Waste, City of Yellowknife City of Yellowknife « I love how easy it’s to get around and how close nature is. » « I like all the opportunities that we have here : education, careers, arts, sports, anything you can think of. »

Craig Scott William Gagnon Laura Bush Executive Director Green Buildings & Environmental Communications Specialist, Ecology North (staff) Advocacy Specialist Ecology North (staff) Ecology North (staff) « I like the walkability and density « I like the balance of small town ECOLOGY of the community. » « The empowered community. » and big city. » NORTH

NORTHLAND UTILITIES

Niels de Bruin Marie-France Stendahl Jason Newton Landscape Architect, Architect, Engineering Lead, White Arkitekter AB White Arkitekter AB Northland Utilities WHITE « It’s easy to get along with « I like the green mobility. » « I like the people and the sense of people. » ARKITEKTER community. »

4 AB Chris Vaughn Iman Kassam Harshen Manickum Holly Ferris Sustainability Projects Coordinator, Communications and Economic Senior Systems Analyst, Homelessness Specialist, City of Yellowknife Development Officer, City of Yellowknife City of Yellowknife City of Yellowknife «The sense of community.» «The many opportunities to learn, « I like the people. » experience and contribute to the « I love the community of CITY OF community.» Yellowknife that is very versatile and diverse. » YELLOWKNIFE

Thevishka Kanishkan Antonin Boulanger Cartier Eric McNair-Landry Branda Le Lanscape Architecture Intern Architecture Intern, Polar Explorer, Youth Director, Ecology North (staff) Ecology North (staff) Pittarak Expeditions (board) Ecology North (board)

« I like the proximity with nature. » « I really love the lake, its « I love the strong sense of connection to the Old Town and the community and the nature. » house boat community. » What do you like best about Yellowknife?

PARTICIPANTS5 YELLOWKNIVES DENE FIRST NATION

Elizabeth Liske Community Project Coordinator, Land and Environment Dep. Yellowknives Dene First Nation

« I like the winters and all the winter activities. » ARCHITECTURE

Bronwyn Rorke Stephen Fancott Alex Borowiecka Architect, Senior Architect Landscape Architect, Department of Infrastructure, NWT Association of Landscape Government of the Northwest « Oh! I like living near Great Slave Architecture Territories Lake. » « I like my little neighbourhood that « I love the people of Yellowknife. » is part of the large neighbourhood that is Yellowknife. »

Linda Todd Program Coordinator, Arctic Energy Alliance ARCTIC

« I like living beside Great Slave ENERGY Lake: it’s wonderful. » ALLIANCE 6 TOURISM

Daniel Gagnon Astrid Gagnon Cathie Bolstad Tourist from Quebec, CA Tourist from Quebec, CA Chief Executive Officer, Researcher, Verificator, Northwest Territories Tourism Hydro-Quebec Government of Canada « I love that I live 6 minutes from « There is no traffic. » « I like the proximity with the my job, 30 seconds from my kayak water. » on the bay at home. »

JOURNALISM

Christopher Clarke Grégoire Blais-Dufour Facility Planner, Reporter, Health & Social Services Journal l’Aquilon GNWT « There is opportunity for progress « My land and my family. » and capacity-building around sustainability and green initiatives. » GNWT INFRA What do you like best about Yellowknife?

PARTICIPANTS7 8 CHARETTE PROCESS

DAY 1

INTRODUCTION Charrette opening by Mark Heyck, Mayor, City of Yellowknife & Elizabeth Liske, Yellowknives Dene First Nation

WARM UP Yellowknife Quiz ! -- Icebreaking activity.

Framing ACTIVITY 1 the problem Love and hate on map. Identifying the good and the bad about Yellowknife. * All participants were organically divided into 5 teams. ACTIVITY 2 The United Nations Sustainable Goals and targets

Brainstorming ACTIVITY 3 The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability. * All participants were again Building upon identified goals and targets from activity 2. organically divided into 5 teams.

ACTIVITY 4 Summarizing

DAY 2

REVIEW The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability BRAINSTORMING Summarizing. Technical review, project timeline, planning, internal processes, etc.

9 WORKSHOP DAY 1

The City of Yellowknife, Ecology North, White Arkitekter AB, and Northlands Utilities were well-represented on the first day of the charrette, with at least one representative per organization. More importantly, the first day welcomed many Yellowknifers from a diverse range of groups, including but not limited to the tourism industry, academia, architects, landscape architects, and the Yellowknives Dene First Nation.

The day officially began when Mark Heyck, Mayor of the Cityof Yellowknife, cordially shared his vision of a thriving community and how the Extraordinary Yellowknife-Northern Dark Sky City project fit in with his aspirations for development. Afterwards, each workshop participant was invited, in turn, to introduce themselves and share with the others a short answer to the question «What do you like best about Yellowknife?

Once the presentations had been made, the day’s program began: in turn, the different partner members took turns to draw up, first, what the Smart Cities Challenge consisted of, and then summarized the proposal as it was submitted to Infrastructure Canada, the respective competitors’ proposals, and the objectives and expectations of this workshop day.

Afterwards, all were distributed organically in 5 balanced groups in order to start the different activities planned in the program. The Community Design Charrette was developed to encourage sharing and open discussion through interactive activities: while they initially sought to identify participants’ perceptions of Yellowknife and the concept of sustainability in general, they gradually led them to express themselves on how the project could wean them off in the specific context of intelligent public lighting.

10 11 WARM UP : Yellowknife Quiz !

Starting the charrette with an icebreaker quiz about Yellowknife was fun and informative. It reminded participants of some of the geographical features of Yellowknife, such as rainfall and water quality. The answers surprised more than one!

1. HOW MANY KM THERE IS BETWEEN YELLOWKNIFE AND THE NORTH POLE? 2. IS THE POPULATION OF YELLOWKNIFE IN OVER OR UNDER 20,000? 3. WHEN YELLOWKNIFE BECAME THE CAPITAL OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, BEFORE 1940 OR AFTER 1960? 4. WHAT ARE THE OTHER LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN YELLOWKNIFE EXCEPT ENGLISH? FRENCH, FILIPINO, VIETNAMESE, GERMAN, DENE, DOGRIB AND INUKTITUT. 5. WHAT IS THE PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OVER 65? ONLY 3.6% (695 PEOPLE IN TOTAL). 6. HOW MANY ARE THERE WHICH GIVE BRIGHT SUNSHINE IN DECEMBER? 7. WHEN THE YELLOWKNIFE SETTLEMENT IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE BEEN FOUNDED? 8. WHAT IS THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY AND JULY? AROUND −26 °C (−15 °F) AND 17 °C (63 °F) IN JULY 12 1. HOW MANY KM THERE IS BETWEEN YELLOWKNIFE AND THE NORTH POLE? 3,062 KILOMETRES 2. IS THE POPULATION OF YELLOWKNIFE IN OVER OR UNDER 20,000? 19,088 3. WHEN YELLOWKNIFE BECAME THE CAPITAL OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES, BEFORE 1940 OR AFTER 1960? 1967. 4. WHAT ARE THE OTHER LANGUAGES SPOKEN IN YELLOWKNIFE EXCEPT ENGLISH? FRENCH, FILIPINO, VIETNAMESE, GERMAN, DENE, DOGRIB AND INUKTITUT. 5. WHAT IS THE PERCENT OF THE POPULATION OVER 65? ONLY 3.6% (695 PEOPLE IN TOTAL). 6. HOW MANY ARE THERE WHICH GIVE BRIGHT SUNSHINE IN DECEMBER? ONLY 10 DAYS 7. WHEN THE YELLOWKNIFE SETTLEMENT IS CONSIDERED TO HAVE BEEN FOUNDED? IN 1934 8. WHAT IS THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN JANUARY AND JULY? AROUND −26 °C (−15 °F) AND 17 °C (63 °F) IN JULY 13 ACTIVITY 1 Love and hate on map

The first activity of the day asked participants to identify & locate their favourite and least favourite things about Yellowknife. Through this exercise, participants began to think critically about what makes a city functional, beautiful, and sustainable, and what doesn’t.

The most common well-liked features in Yellowknife were :

• (4x) Walking Trails, bike paths, ski trails ; • (3x) Somba K’e Park (Hub/Nexus) ; • (3x) Open Parks (Centre of Yellowknife) + Node Parks + Pop-up park; • (2x) Outdoor Activities, Ice Sports ; • (2x) Folk On The Rocks ; • (2x) Water, Fish Plant Connection ; • (1x) Active Mobility ; • (1x) Tommy Forrest Ballpark ; • (1x) Sand Pits ; • (1x) Community Gardens ; • (1x) Downtown Tourism ; • (1x) Connection to Ndilo ; • (1x) Johnson’s Supplies Clean Up ; • (1x) Pilot’s Monument ; • (1x) Rock Outcrop Areas ; • (1x) Old Town Tourism ; • (1x) Trash Formation ; • (1x) Kame Lake Junk Mish Mash ; • (1x) Post Office Plaza History + Site for NGO activities ; • (1x) Old Town Glassworks (Nexus) ; • (1x) Giant Mine Remediation ;

The most common disliked features in Yellowknife were :

• (3x) Insufficient Transit (full at peak hours/lack of punctuality) ; • (1x) 3$ Bus Fare ; • (1x) Bike Path on 52nd (wrong location); • (1x) Arsenic (Frame Lake) ; • (1x) No beaches (Frame Lake) ; • (1x) Water Treatment Plant Lighting ; • (1x) Frame Lake Trails (lack of connections) ; • (1x) Niven Lake (houses are too close to one another) ; • (1x) Waste Water/Water Management ; • (1x) Colored Lights on Lampposts ; • (1x) Social Issues (Alchohol + Homeless) ; • (1x) Twin Pine Condos ; • (1x) Old Airport Road (only businesses, great opportunity for new uses) ; Material : 1:5000 scale map of the city of Yellowknife • (1x) Finlayson Drive (only residential) (showed technical data including buildings, schools, roads • (1x) Niven Solo Wealth Disparity ; and trails, parks and open spaces, waterbodies, snowmobiles • (1x) The Mall ; trails and, most importantly, current street lights); thumbs up • (1x) Airport Accessibility ; and down paper; pencils; colored post-it; tacks. • (1x) Traffic on Deh Cho Blvd ;

14 ACTIVITY 1 Love and hate on map

SUMMARY :

Of course, the results presented were all as numerous as the participants themselves; it was indeed quite interesting to note that the inhabitants of the city had a much more down-to-earth vision of Yellowknife, while strangers or newcomers were still under the spell of its romanticism. Nevertheless, generally speaking, this analysis reveals certain trends of what participants seem to appreciate of the city:

• Walking trails, and the walkability of the City in general ; • Access to natural areas ; • Yellowknife’s Old Town, which offers a great deal of charm and tourist sites ; • The dump, especially the re-store and salvaging areas ;

consensual dislikes:

• Air and water pollution from the mines, which are now part of our environmental legacy ; • The discrepancies in income and privileges in Yellowknife society, especially when it comes to street-involved or homeless populations ; • The lack of urban design in New Town.

15 ACTIVITY 2 The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and targets

Activity 2 began with a brief introduction of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by Ecology North, which were used in this charrette to expand our understanding of sustainability and what it entails. The 17 SDGs and 169 targets, adopted in 2015 by the UN Member States as part of Agenda 2030, shape the sustainable development agenda for the next fifteen years (United Nations, 2015). Reconciling the three pillars of sustainable development - economic, social and environmental - these objectives fall into various fields to end extreme poverty, dismantle inequality and injustice, and fight climate change. The SDGs will be used to support a sustainable urban transition for urban retrofits.

Although all SDGs will be addressed at some point in the project, participants were asked in this exercise to choose in groups of five, the 17 Goals that they felt related to Yellowknife the best ; these will then provide a more concise picture of their development concerns and aspirations.The participants discussed the SDGs with the lens of the last activity, in which they outlined what they liked and disliked about their city.

Subsequently, participants were called to focus on the targets that these 5 different goals encompassed and, in the same order of ideas, select 10 targets in total that they considered, once again, the most revealing for the city of Yellowknife.

The different teams were then invited to present their respective selections to their peers. At this point, it was interesting to note a real diversity of discourse ; while some had focused their reflections on social issues, others were more engaged toward technological innovation, or concerned with the ecology of Yellowknife’s natural environment. At this stage, the diversity of the participants’ fields of expertise was felt in the assembly.

In this sense, all the results presented by the different teams are displayed on the following pages.

Material : 17 SDGs and their 169 Targets printed. 16 “ End poverty in all its forms everywhere. ” “ End hunger, achieve food security “ Ensure healthy lives and promote well- and improved nutrition and promote being for all at all ages. ” • (1x) 1-2 : Reduce poverty by at least 50%. sustainable agriculture. ” • (1x) 1-3 : Implement social protection systems. • (1x) 3-4 : Reduce mortality from non- communicable diseases and promote mental health. • (2x) 3-5 : Prevent and treat substance abuse. • (1x) 3-A : Implement the who framework convention on tobacco control.

“ Ensure inclusive and equitable quality “ Achieve gender equality and empower “ Ensure availability and sustainable education and promote lifelong learning all women and girls. ” management of water and sanitation opportunities for all. ” for all. ”

17 “ Ensure access to affordable, reliable, “ Promote sustained, inclusive and “ Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable and modern energy for all. ” sustainable economic growth, full and inclusive and sustainable industrialization productive employment and decent work and foster innovation. ” • (1x) 7-1 : Universal access to modern energy. for all. ” • (2x) 7-2 : Increase global % of renewable • (3x) 9-1 : Develop sustainable resilient and energy. • (1x) 8-2 : Diversify, innovate and upgrade for inclusive infrastructures. • (3x) 7-3 : Double improvement in energy economic productivity • (1x) 9-2 : Promote inclusive and sustainable . efficiency • (1x) 8-9 : Promote beneficial and sustainable industrialization. • (1x) target 7-A : Promote access to research, tourism. • (1x) 9-4 : Upgrade all industries and technology and investments in clean energy. infrastructures for sustainability. • (1x) 9-5 : Enhance research and upgrade industrial technologies. • (2x) 9-B : Support domestic technology development and industrial diversification. • (1x) 9-C : Universal access to information and communications technology.

“ Reduce inequality within and among “ Make cities and human settlements “ Ensure sustainable consumption and countries. ” inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable. ” production patterns. ”

• (2x) 10-1 : Reduce income inequalities. • (2x) 11-1 : Safe and affordable housing. • (1x) 12-3 : Halve global per capita food • (1x) 10-2 : Promote universal social, economic • (2x) 11-2 : Affordable and sus. transport waste. and political inclusion. systems. • (1x) 12-4 : Responsible management of • (1x) 10-3 : Ensure equal opportunities and • (1x) 11-3 : Inclusive and sus. urbanization. chemicals and waste. end discrimitation. • (4x) 11-4 : Protect the world’s cultural and • (2x) 12-5 : Substantially reduce waste natural heritage. generation. • (1x) 11-6 : Reduce the env. impact of cities. • (1x) 11-7 : Provide access to safe and 18 inclusive green and public spaces. “ Take urgent action to combat climate “ Conserve and sustainably use the “ Protect, restore and promote sustainable change and its impacts. ” oceans, seas and marine resources for use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably sustainable development. ” manage forests, combat desertification, • (2x) 13-1 : Strengthen resilience and adaptive and halt and reverse land degradation and capacity to climate related disasters. • (1x) 14-1 : Reduce marine pollution. halt biodiversity lost. • (2x) 13-2 : Integrate climate change measures • (1x) 14-2 : Protect and restore ecosystems. into policies and planning. • (1x) 15-1 : Conserve and restore terrestrial • (1x) 13-3 : Build knowledge and capacity to and freshwater ecosystems. meet climate change. • (1x)15-9 : Integrate ecosystem and biodiversity in governmental planning.

“ Promote peaceful and inclusive societies “ Strengthen the means of for sustainable development, provide implementation and revitalize the global access to justice for all and build effective, partnership for sustainable development. ” accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. ”

19 WHICH ONES OF THE UNITED NATIONS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT FOR YELLOWKNIFE?

20 21 RESULTS :

Proceeding by elimination, it was possible to quickly see the goals and targets that were the most popular amongst various teams. Although they do not really reflect the diversity of participants’ choices, itis by consensus that they were selected to proceed with the following exercise, Activity 3: The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability.

These are the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and Targets that the group identified as the most important for Yellowknife’s Smart Cities Challenge.

GOAL 11 : Sustainable Cities and Communities

SAFE AND AFFORDABLE HOUSING By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums.

22 GOAL 7 : Affordable and Clean Energy

INCREASE GLOBAL DOUBLE THE IMPROVEMENT PERCENTAGE OF RENEWABLE IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY ENERGY By 2030, double the global rate of By 2030, increase substantially the share of improvement in energy efficiency. renewable energy in the global energy mix.

GOAL 9 : Industriy, Innovation and Infrastructures

DEVELOP SUSTAINABLE, SUPPORT DOMESTIC RESILIENT AND INCLUSIVE TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURES AND INDUSTRIAL DIVERSIFICATION Develop quality, reliable, sustainable and resilient infrastructure, including regional Support domestic technology development, and transborder infrastructure, to support research and innovation in developing economic development and human well-being, countries, including by ensuring a conducive with a focus on affordable and equitable policy environment for, inter alia, industrial access for all. diversification and value addition to commodities.

GOAL 11 : Sustainable Cities and Communities

AFFORDABLE AND PROTECT THE WORLD’S SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT CULTURAL AND NATURAL SYSTEMS HERITAGE By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, Strengthen efforts to protect and safeguard the accessible and sustainable transport systems world’s cultural and natural heritage. for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.

GOAL 13 : Climate Action

STRENGTHEN RESILIENCE INTEGRATE CLIMATE CHANGE AND ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO MEASURES INTO POLICIES CLIMATE RELATED DISASTERS AND PLANNING Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to Integrate climate change measures into climate-related hazards and natural disasters national policies, strategies and planning. in all countries.

23 NORTHLAND UTILITIES Lamp post technologies

Introducing the idea that the streetlight could really become the key to a new, at least partial, sustainability plan for the City of Yellowknife, Northland Utilities engineer Jason Newton was invited to present some of the technologies they are currently working on; the idea was to bring the broad reflections previously addressed to the scale of the simple streetlight.

«Northland presented a video demonstrating motion activated lighting ATCO is currently plotting in Lloydminster, Alberta. It shows how with no motion detected the light can be set to dim down, but as motion is detected, the lights brighten up. After the video, we discussed how the lights would commutate using a mesh network, and shared a quick redundancy example.

We then talked about electric vehicle charging, showing examples of charging stations including a prototype level 2 charging station integrated in to a streetlight at one of our offices in Alberta. We also discussed the level 3 chargers that ATCO and its partners installed on the quick charge corridor between Edmonton and Calgary. The theory of peak shaving with the use of batteries in general was discussed and how it could be beneficial to the power system.

With the expected additional load on the grid caused by electric vehicles, we showed a few examples of solar installations ATCO has been part of building including. These include a 25MW solar generation facility in Kneehill, Alberta. We finally touched on ATCO’s experience with combined heat power systems and the theory of disturbed generation.» (Jason Newton, 2018)

In the same vein, White Arkitekter AB was participating in the Community Design Charrette have also brought water to the mill by presenting three suppliers with whom they are currently collaborating on some of their projects in Sweden, namely :

• LED Roadway lighting - Smart Street Lighting for Smart Cities ; • LUG - Lighting Factory ; • SELUX - Lighting under control.

For more information about these different suppliers, please consult the Annex B - Backgroung Research.

24 25 ACTIVITY 3 The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability

Continuing the previous activity, this exercice asked participants to brainstorm ways in which these nine UN Sustainable Development Goal targets, chosen by consensus, might be achieved by implementing smart street-lighting in Yellowknife. Thanks to the diversity of the participants and their professional backgrounds, the discussions resulted in a wide array of answers. Then being led to present their ideas by group in front of their peers, ideas for the smart street lighting capabilities included, but are not limited to:

• Electric vehicle charging stations (cars, buses, skidoos, food trucks and boats) ; • Light pollution reduction equipment ; • Light shows & alert systems ; • Wifi ; • Thermosiphons for permafrost management ; • Panic buttons ; • Benches ; • Mini libraries ; • Bike share infrastructure ; • Bird houses ; • Urinals ; • Connected app (ex. PingStreet) ; • Bug control equipment ; • Speed limit signals ; • Icy roads signals ; • School zones signals ; • Emergency vehicles signals ; • Laser signals for writing messages on the street or sidewalk ; • Monitoring wildlife behavior (ex: ravens).

Participants determined that the type of data they wanted to see collected included, but were not limited to:

• Temperature ; • Humidity ; • Smoke from forest fires ; • Transit (cars and bikes) ; • Changes in permafrost ; • Water and wastewater sewage ; • Waste management sensors ; • Climate change data ; • Trafic count ; • Snow ; • Infrared monitoring of vegetation.

Material : 17 SDGs and their 169 Targets printed, the printing of a street lamp displayed on the wall.

26 ACTIVITY 3 The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability

27 28 29 CLASSIFICATION :

Through a fine analysis, the various ideas raised by the participants during Activity 3 were classified into four categories that will then be used for the next activity. The four (4) categories are the following :

• The lamp post to promote the dark sky ; • The lamp post to implement new technologies ; • The lamp post to study our environment ; • The lamp post as an educational tool.

30 31 ACTIVITY 4 Summarizing

The fourth and final activity of the day was also the final stepin determining Yellowknife’s needs. In this activity, participants were asked to identify priority areas for each of their brainstormed additions to a smart street light. This exercise brought the day back full-circle; participants were able to say where they wanted these sustainability- minded interventions implemented, while thinking about the first activity of the day when they identified what they did and did n like about Yellowknife.

The participants focused on electric vehicle charging stations, bike share infrastructure, traffic monitoring, environmental factors data collection, and safety infrastructure, such as panic buttons and alert lighting. They chose areas in Yellowknife that had high foot traffic and hosted vulnerable populations, particularly elder care centres, hospitals, schools, and downtown areas frequented by street-involved people. They also chose high-traffic intersections for traffic monitoring, especially those that lack adequate lighting and bus or traffic light infrastructure.

Material : 1:5000 scale map of the city of Yellowknife (showed technical data including buildings, schools, roads and trails, parks and open spaces, waterbodies, snowmobiles trails, and current street lights), 4 printed questions, pencils, colored dots.

32 ACTIVITY 4 Summarizing

THE LAMP POST TO REDUCE LIGHT POLLUTION.

YELLOW : Where should we prioritize light pollution reduction ? Leads from previous brainstorming • Locations, and • Strategies.

33 RED : What components should we prioritize and where? Leads from previous brainstorming • Electric vehicle charging stations (cars, buses, skidoos, food trucks and boats) • Light pollution equipment ; • Light shows ; • Wifi ; • Thermosiphons for permafrost management ; • Panic buttons ; • Benches ; • Mini libraries ; • Bike share ; • Bird houses ; • Urinals ; • Connected app. ; • Bug control ; • Speed limit signals ; • Icy roads signals ; • School zones signals ; • Emergency vehicles signals ; • Laser signals for writing on the streets ; • Raven cameras.

34 THE LAMP POST TO IMPLEMENT NEW TECHNOLOGIES.

35 THE LAMP POST TO STUDY OUR ENVIRONMENT.

36 GREEN : What data should we collect and where? Leads from previous brainstorming • Temperature ; • Humidity ; • Smoke for forest fires ; • Transit (cars and bikes) ; • Changes in permafrost ; • Water and wastewater sewage ; • Trash sensors when full ; • Climate change data ; • Trafic count ; • Snow ; • Infrared monitoring of vegetation.

37 BLUE : What should be explained and expressed on the lamp posts and where? Leads from previous brainstorming • Tourism ; • Achievements ; • Goals ; • Estimated time of arrival for buses ; • Cultural information ; • Heritage information ; • Environmental information ; • Education ; • Yellowknives Dene First Nation History.

38 THE LAMP POST AS AN EDUCATIONAL TOOL.

39 RESULTS Activity 4 : Summarizing

YELLOW : The lamp post to promote the dark sky RED : The lamp post to implement new technologies

By answering the question « Where should we prioritize light pollution By answering the question « What components should we prioritize and reduction? », the participants identified different areas where they where? », the participants adopted the possibility that the lamp post would find appropriate the implementation of the new lighting could become a key technical tool to improve the living conditions system. Brainstorm results about this thematic include, but are of the city’s citizens. Based on their daily utility references of the not limited to: city’s public spaces (car or pedestrian traffic, assembly area, etc.), they then identified the locations where the implementation of • (4x) Ndilǫ ; certain new technologies would be most interesting. Brainstorm • (3x) Old Town ; results about this thematic include, but are not limited to: • (3x) School Draw ; • (3x) Walking Trails ; • (2x) Frame Lake Trails ; Electric vehicle supply Bike share • (2x) Grace Lake ; equipment • (1x) Multiplex; • (2x) Shore lines ; • (2x) Arena ; • (1x) City Hall ; • (2x) Airport to Hotels ; • (2x) Walmart; • (1x) Ndilǫ ; • (2x) Rotary Park ; • (2x) Hospital; • (1x) School Draw and Franklin; • (2x) Water Treatment Plan ; • (2x) Government Dock; • (2x) Niven Trail ; • (2x) City Hall; Signals • (1x) Private Lights ; • (2x) Downtown; • (1x) School Zones (signals) ; • (1x) Fred Henne ; • (2x) Government Dock; • (1x) Fire Hall (emergency vehicle • (1x) Sambake ; • (1x) High Schools; signals) ; • (1x) Parking Lots (dimming). • (1x) Ski Club; • (1x) Old Town; Thermosiphons During the workshop, two strategies to reduce light pollution from • (1x) School Draw and Franklin; • (2x) Visitor Centre; a street lamp were raised, namely: • (1x) Airport; • (1x) Old Town ; • (1x) City Hall; • (2x) Directional Lighting ; Others • (1x) Dimming. Wi-Fi • (1x) High Schools (all tech.) ; • (4x) Snow Castle; • (1x) Downtown (urinals) ; • (2x) Old Town; • (1x) Everywhere (bug control) ; • (2x) Government Dock; • (1x) Airport; • (1x) Boat Launch Yatch Club;

Panic Button • (2x) Frame Lake Trails; • (1x) Arena; • (1x) Trails; • (1x) Dettah Ice Road; • (1x) Downtown;

40 GREEN : The lamp post to study our environment BLUE : The lamp post as an educational tool

With the question « What data should we collect and where? », the The day’s discussions raised interest in the lamppost becoming an participants were led to reflect on the data that the street lamp educational and information tool, particularly for tourists visiting could possibly collect. Among the most discussed, we find in Yellowknife, but also for citizens who visit certain sites daily without particular: necessarily knowing their history. In seeking to answer the question « What should be explained and expressed on the lamp posts and where? », the • (1x) Forest fire smoke detectors ; comments collected were, however, limited to key areas of the city • (1x) Active Transportation sensors ; that would deserve to be documented, which include, but are not • (1x) Water Quality ; limited to : • (1x) Ice Thickness. • (3x) Old Town ; that could be collected at these approximate locations: • (3x) Ndilǫ ; • (2x) Trails ; • (4x) Main Trafic intersections ; • (2x) Museum ; • (3x) Old Airport Road ; • (2x) Latham Causeway ; • (2x) Dump ; • (2x) Airport ; • (2x) Fire Hall ; • (1x) Where there is foot trafic : Old Town, Trails, Airport ; • (1x) Con Mine ; • (1x) Civic Plaza ; • (1x) Dehcho Boulevard ; • (1x) Giant Mine Heritage ; • (1x) Sand pits ; • (1x) City Hall ; • (1x) Business District ; • (1x) Post Office ; • (1x) Giant Mine ; • (1x) Bristol Monument ; • (1x) Ndilǫ ; • (1x) 50/50 Lot. • (1x) 48/49 intersection ; • (1x) Kam Lake / Old Airport Road.

41 42 WORKSHOP DAY 2

The second day of the charrette was more intimate, and focused on the technical details of implementing a smart street lighting strategy. Those in attendance had vested interest in the proposal, as they would be working on its implementation if Ecology North, White Arkitekter AB, the City of Yellowknife, the Yellowknives Dene First Nation, and ATCO were to win the Smart Cities Challenge.

The day began with an informal presentation and discussion with representatives from the City of Yellowknife’s IT and Security departments about what the City currently has in terms of infrastructure, the networks the street lights would use, the security features of using a separate, encrypted network, and how data could be collected, managed, and made public. Possibilities of a command centre, Wi-Fi connectivity and hotspotting, inventory processes, and ownership of the modular pieces of a smart streetlight.

The City of Yellowknife has an open data and data collection application known as Ping Street, and integration of the smart street lighting system into this digital application was discussed at length. Indeed, it could serve as a platform for the transfer of data collected between the various authorities of the city and the population wishing to be informed.

43 WHITE ARKITEKTER Arctic Urban Design With Light

A presentation was given by White Arkitekter (AB) on the importance of Lighting Urban Design in Arctic environments. The Nacka Municipal Lighting Strategy in Sweden was presented as a precedent and inspiration for the City of Yellowknife and Ecology North to use in their Smart Cities Challenge proposal. Lessons learned include:

• Good light quality at public / alternative transport nodes ; • Prioritize lights for pedestrians/cyclists ; • Use energy-efficient light sources ex. LED ; • Control lights ; • Use dark-sky approach whenever possible to limit light pollution ; • Diversity of users, throughout the year ; • Light up places you want people to use/access ; • Lighting on landmarks ; • Waterfront lighting - avoid glare on water ; • Indirect lighting from surrounding buildings can suffice.

For complete information and details about the vision, precedents and feasibility analysis presented by White Arkitekter AB, please refer to Annex A.

44 WHITE ARKITEKTER Arctic Urban Design With Light

YELLOWKNIFE, CA

Arctic Urban Design with Light

45 Approach to smart city lighting in Arctic latitudes

Human beings, animals and plants are Light plays a vital role in people’s experience accustomed to follow the rhythm of the of a city during the dark hours of the day. seasons and natural light throughout the Light can engage people and give them a year. During the darkest months of the year Summer light sense of belonging and community. Light electric lighting takes over the role of daylight affects our body and mind and has a direct by supporting people’s activities indoor and effect on our health and well-being. outdoor.

Long sunrise and sunset

The blue hour

Northern lights

Dark sky and stars

46Reference images: natural light qualities in arctic latitudes For cities to be able to develop in a sustainable way, lighting strategies The Smart Cities Challenge gives us at hand the opportunity to are at need to define the city’s identity at night, an identity that takes rethink the identity and role that the city plays at nighttime while at into consideration not only the urban scale but also the human scale the same time allowing us to create a more energy friendly solution and how lighting relates to their basic needs during the darkest hours. for the lighting grid for the city itself. A solution that implements the When well planned, lighting can also contribute to make a city safer, latest technology whilst fulfilling the lighting needs of the inhabitants accessible and orientable, helping people live an active life after the in the best possible way. Questions like, how do we want certain areas to be sun goes down. perceived by night? or which landmarks are more important to make visible when the sun goes down are as important to define as which areas we should reserve to experience darkness, the stars and the northern lights.

Reference diagram: Kiruna competition, seasons vs light qualities. Ljusarkitektur

47 Day 2 : Activity 1 SUMMARIZE Yesterday’s discussion

To pick up the thread of the discussion where it had been left off the previous day, workshop participants took some time to analyze the different maps that had been produced by listing the places where the four themes then discussed had been most populatively defended.

Then, based on their respective knowledge and expertise, they were able to gauge their degree of relevance and intelligibility to meet the project’s mandate; a new map was thus created. In a general way, it presents the areas of the city where the implementation of new technologies to the existing lighting system could prove relevant and possible.

The lamp post to promote the dark sky With regard to the development of a lighting prototype that reduces light pollution (Directional Lighting or Dimming), it would be appropriate to implement it in Ndilǫ, Old Town, the Rotary Centennial Park sector, the Water Treatment Plant, the approaches to Niven Lake or Frame Lake. In an eventual desire to develop such a system for the entire City of Yellowknife, there has also been talk of a desirable collaboration between the City and some private companies that own industrial lighting fixtures for their area of activity which are currently permanently on for safety reasons.

The lamp post to implement new technologies As for the provision of new technologies, in particular electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE), bike-share stations, wifi or a panic button system, these would benefit from being in the areas of the city that are heavily and daily surrounded such as the city centre, the various public parks as well as the smaller neighbourhoods, and near the shopping centres in the suburbs of Yellowknife. As for the security system translated by the panic button, it could also be developed away from the busiest bike paths, especially the one bypassing Frame Lake.

The lamp post to study our environment As for technologies related to a variety of data collection, be they environmental or social, they could be installed in many places; the ideal would therefore be to ensure that they interact with the «mesh network» of the urban lighting system and be able to place them on any street lamp, at the convenience of the needs and interests of the institutions involved in collecting certain data.

The lamp post as an educational tool In terms of adopting technologies that inform about the history and culture of the city of Yellowknife, they would benefit from being located in the places that support them, such as Ndilǫ, Old Town, Downtown, the hotel sector and the Frame Lake area.

All in all, this map will become a relevant tool for the continuation of the project; it lists the main lines of the discussions developed within the framework of the Community Design Charrette.

48 Day 2 : Activity 1 SUMMARIZE Yesterday’s discussion

All the maps produced as part of the Community Design Charrette are available on request in paper or digital format; Ecology North is currently in possession of these documents.

49 BRAINSTORMS 1, 2, 3 and 4 : based on previous activity

FIRST : Patnerships and research SECOND : Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions

To better determine next steps in the proposal and how to achieve Subsequently, participants were asked to consider how the them, participants were asked to brainstorm potential partners implementation of such a lamp system could reduce GHG for the City of Yellowknife and Ecology North in a street lighting emissions from the City of Yellowknife, both directly and indirectly. strategy. Directly Brainstormed partnerships include, but are not limited to: • Develop lighting types that vary in intensity, and therefore in electricity consumption, in certain areas of the city that allow it; • GNWT ; • Reduction of electricity waste through the installation of a • ECE, ITI, Museum, Cultural heritage, health ; dimming system; • Local businesses with parking lots, hotels ; • Provision of an electrical connection system in certain areas • Kavanaugh Waste Management ; of the city for Food Trucks that are currently dependent on • Yellowknife Chamber of Commerce ; propane for electricity generation. • YKDFN ; • NWT Tourism, Aurora Tourism ; Indirectly • City of Malmo ; • Provision of electric vehicle charging stations integrated into • University of Lund ; streetlights to initiate an energy transition in northern modes • Dark Skies Association ; of transport; • Bromley & Sons ; • Use the street lamp as an educational and signage tool • Blue Wave (for fuel), Matonabee Petroleum + other fuel companies ; to promote the use of the public transit system and bicycle and • Dechinta University ; pedestrian paths; • Yellowknife’s CarShare Coop; • Improve urban lighting on certain urban or peri-urban routes • Northern Centre for Sustainability ; to encourage the use of soft modes of transport, such as • Yellowknife Airport ; cycling and walking; • Old Town Bikeworks ; • Collect data related to urban and peri-urban traffic to improve • Giant Mine Remediation Oversight Board ; infrastructure development and thus reduce car traffic. • Con Mine, Ekati, Diavik, other mines ; • NorthwestTel as a sponsor ; • Goyatiko Language Society ; • NWTAC ; • MACA ; • Environment Canada ; • Astronomy North ; • Aurora College + University partnerships ; • Remote sensing companies, tools to measure luminosity ; • ESRI ; • North Slave Metis + other communities ; • Start-ups for making the app for free ; • Dublin City Council Beta Department + other City governments ; using open data to inform city-building decisions ; • Smart City-Building conferences ; • Arctic Energy Alliance ; • Airlines ; • Bixi, Dropbike ; • Skidoo Association ; • SnowKing/Snow Castle ; • Kam Lake.

50 THIRD : City of Yellowknife’s use of the data FOURTH : Prototype

Participants were then invited to discuss the various data that A short brainstorming session was held; participants were asked the City of Yellowknife would benefit most from collecting in the to generate a large number of ideas for what a prototype would development of the pilot project, as well as the locations that would be in the framework of the Smart Cities Challenge. Although be preferred for their collection. not required by Infrastructure Canada, prototypes could be helpful to test some of the technologies in Yellowknife’s northern Old Town and Ndilǫ environment, engage the community, leverage industry donations With regard to the issue of light pollution through the targeted as well as identify cost and ease of implementation and help the optimization of lighting systems and the use of a motion sensored project distinguish itself from the crowd. dimming system, the area of the Old Town, but mainly that of Ndilo, was raised as more than relevant due to their remote location Feasibility from the dense city and the strong relationship they have with the There was a general understanding that the prototype would need surrounding bodies of water real playgrounds for Yellowknifers to be easy to implement, and low-cost, to limit the impacts on the and visiting tourists. These areas of the city are strongly marked by budget. Therefore, a focus on high-impact, high-visibility and history, and it could be interesting in this sense to develop certain low-cost options for the prototype were preferred. In addition, it technologies related to the tourism industry. Liz Liske expressed was suggested that the prototype should be a combination of the this interest in YKDFN to be more involve in that local industry; various technologies that could be implemented in the final plan of the horizon of an interesting partnership is emerging. the Smart Cities Challenge for Yellowknife.

Downtown Yellowknife Ndilǫ, Latham Island, Old Town and Light Pollution Reduction On the other hand, different areas of Yellowknife’s downtown, Ndilǫ, Latham Island and Old Town seem to be geographical area including Franklin Avenue, the Greenstone Building area and City in Yellowknife where a reduction in light pollution would be the Hall, were discussed as relevant for testing technologies related most felt and perceived, and therefore would have a strong impact to the transportation system, including the implementation of on the community. A discussion around using one of the existing electric vehicle charging stations and other traffic-related data lamp posts as a station for aurora sighting through virtual reality collection. The City Hall sector, bordering the Somba K’e park created a momentum and interest. was also specified as being relevant to study for the implementation of a dimming system considering that the city necessarily has Wifi and story-telling and tourism information on lamp posts control over the lighting of its building a way of measuring the The implementation of one wifi hot-spot for the prototype seemed real impact of the lighting system of a public building (parking, to make the most sense in areas with high traffic. The lamp posts entrance, interior lighting, etc.) on the urban environment to in areas covered by wifi will also support infographics and visuals possibly convince other private companies to take part in the story-telling an idea. The stories will be drafted in collaboration project to reduce light pollution in the city. with the Elders from the Yellowknives Dene First Nation. The stories will then be incorporated visually in the urban landscape, to promote understanding and reconciliation.

Electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) Retrofitting existing lamp posts to add electric vehicle charging stations is much cheaper than putting in place new ones; focusing on the areas with high trafic, but also with existing electrical infrastructure that would allow for this retrofit is of interest.

Industry participation Approaching industries and asking for their in-kind contribution, in exchange for high visibility and a test-bed for their product is a win-win situation. The focus on the prototype will be brought to technologies that can bring partnerships and collaboration to the forefront.

51 52 Day 2 : Activity 1 NEXT STEPS Timeline and tasks

To end this day on a high note, while facing reality of the task at hand, the various participants were invited to present their vision for the future, in particular by chronologically listing the different steps to be taken and tasks to be accomplished so that the project could be duly completed; it is little by little that a «to do list» was built on the solid foundations of the discussions from previous days. When the wall was sufficiently lined with post-its, letting us understand the scale of the work ahead, each of the participants representing the partner entities of the project armed themselves with a specific color to target the tasks which they felt they had the expertise and knowledgfe in, focusing on their respective fields of expertise. Satisfied with the result, it was detailed on the following page.

53 TIMELINE* AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

W3 W1 W1 • Community Design Charrette • Revision of Design Charrette report by • Baseline data (lighting) • Infrastructure Canada – plan submission the City of Yellowknife and sharing with • Budget decision on prototype work – cost stakeholders • Urban analysis • Design • Analysis of Design Charrette Report and • Data gathering on needed existing info identification of achievables before full W2 • City atco what is in place today LED DIM proposal submission • Prepare and host mini charrette on low-cost • Outreach • Refresh Smart Cities Challenge info on lamp post retrofit City of Yellowknife website with Design • Digital design smart city – Scandinavian W4 Charrette Report knowledge • Produce Smart Cities Challenge Design • Develop criteria for prototypes • Social media / outreach October explaining Charrette Report our plan / promoting dark sky. • Prepare budget W2 • Produce infographics design for branding & • Draft proposal objectives W3 marketing prototypes • Engagement with stakeholders (YKDFN, • City council approval prototype • Reach out to companies and negotiate in- Tourists Focus Group, Snowcatle, • Photos hdr (streets, public area, etc) kind donations Technology Partners, etc.) • Outreach on social media about the outcome W4 of the Design Charrette W3 • Prototype implementation • Prepare memo or write-up or presentation • Order parts – ship parts to be presented to City Council about Smart • Research on policies Cities Challenge outcome • Strategy / vision (urban planning) – all • Prepare and design the City of Yellowknife’s Yellowknife vision for the Yellowknife Futured City • Public outreach/community buy-in • Prepare and act on communications plan • Dark sky event

W4 • Measurements of light pollution levels with current conditions • Production of light analysis in the CIty of Yellowknife • Prepare list of actions to be taken to reduce light pollution in the city. • Identify prototype site location • Prototype where – budget • Research other communities, case studies and precedents • Research technology costs and implementability • Dark sky city references • Partnerships building. • Decision on functions implementation

54 NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2018 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

W1 W1 • Team on the ground for prototype installation • Monitoring • Produce tourism info signage in collaboration • Criteria definition with partners W2 W2 • Correct information • Translate material • Consult&listen to elders and write down W3 their stories to use on the lamp posts as • Analyse information infographics W4 *This document will W3 • Make adjustments be updated based • Organize and host community consultation • Send invites for consultations on Infrastructure Canada’s Smart Cities W4 Challenge Finalists • Host sessions • Report on consultations Guide; see page 56.) • Social media outreach – nov:smart tech about the “launch event”

2019 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

W1 W1 W1 • Measure light • Word smithing • Snow castle • Proposal writing • Draft proposal complete • Aurora week + dark sky event • Tourist consultation • Share knowledge with other communities W2 W2 • Proposal revisions • Drawing production • Final draft • Evaluate 5M what can we implement?

W3 • Video creation work • Prize budget development business case

W4 • Layout/design • Draft

55 POST-CHARRETTE DEVELOPMENTS The Yellowknife Smart Cities Challenge Community Design Charrette was key in sparking some of the developments at City Council just a few days following the Charrette. It sets the tone for the next steps.

YELLOWKNIFE Yellowknife will turn down lights at water treatment plant By Ollie Williams – August 28, 2018 at 7:57am

The lights on Yellowknife’s water treatment plant are set to be dimmed at night.

Staff at City Hall acknowledge the plant, currently bathed in messianic light after dark, may not need all of its security lighting round-the-clock “It’s something I’ve steadily received complaints about over the years,” Councillor Julian Morse said during Monday evening’s council meeting. “The City is pursuing the Smart Cities Challenge [which features a bid to install automatically dimming streetlights] and part of that is to try to make Yellowknife more of a dark-sky community. I know this facility causes quite a bit of light pollution.” The treatment plant opened on Yellowknife’s Tin Can Hill, overlooking the School Draw Avenue residential neighbourhood, in 2015. Its lights are bright enough at night to form an impromptu lighthouse for errant canoes. Senior City staff say they discussed the issue last week and will take action. “It’s definitely something that’s been brought to our attention. As you know, it sticks out quite well on the hill,” said Chris Greencorn, the City’s director of public works and engineering. “The reason it was designed and constructed that way was to establish a secure presence on the hill. We believe we can do that with other methods,” he continued. “We’re going to see if we can at the very least either disconnect or alter the perimeter lighting on the lake side and, I would guess, School Draw side, and maybe just keep the lighting around the main doors.” Greencorn said the City would look at making those changes before the ceaseless night of winter rolls in.

Sheila Bassi Kellet is the City of Yellowknife’s Senior Administrative Officer. Published on August 30, 2018.

56 The City of Yellowknife's water treatment plant is pictured on the morning of August 28, 2018. Ollie Williams/Cabin Radio

Security lights on the School Draw Avenue side of Yellowknife’s water treatment plant. Ollie Williams/Cabin Radio

57 CONCLUSION

The Smart Cities Challenge Design Charrette was itself a success, and raised interest and community buy-in for the project. For the various partner members of the project, it was the chance to identify the pulse of a small sample of the community and inform decisions that will eventually be made for the development of the testbed; a small-scale prototype project which, although it will not bring together all the points discussed during the two-day workshop, will tend towards a plurality of these technological alternatives in order, on the one hand, to reduce light pollution in a specific sector of the city and, on the other hand, to improve the quality of life of the city’s citizens by adopting other components. For the participants, this event was an opportunity to express their views and vision of a sustainable development of Yellowknife so that this project becomes a true social project.

Although the work is well underway, it is far from complete. The Smart Cities Challenge Finalist Guide was received the week after the charrette, which causes the project partners to adjust some of their work planning to fit into the updated schedule. This report will be used as a basis of design and visioning document to inform the next steps.

Action item 1 : Publish this document to the City of Yellowknife’s website, and partners to refer to the City’s website from their websites and social media. (all partners, immediately)

Action item 2 : align the Community Design Charrette Report (this document) with Infrastructure Canada’s guidelines as presented in the Smart Cities Challenge Finalist Guide, prepare draft budget, schedule, suggested assigned roles, and present to the City of Yellowknife. (by Ecology North, due September 10, 2018 at 5PM MDT)

This appendix is a summary of the vision and research brought by White Arkitekter AB.

60 YELLOWKNIFE, CA

Arctic Urban Design with Light

61 Approach to smart city lighting in Arctic latitudes

Long sunrise and sunset

The blue hour

Northern lights

Dark sky and stars

62Reference images: natural light qualities in arctic latitudes For cities to be able to develop in a sustainable way, lighting strategies The Smart Cities Challenge gives us at hand the opportunity to are at need to define the city’s identity at night, an identity that takes rethink the identity and role that the city plays at nighttime while at into consideration not only the urban scale but also the human scale the same time allowing us to create a more energy friendly solution and how lighting relates to their basic needs during the darkest hours. for the lighting grid for the city itself. A solution that implements the When well planned, lighting can also contribute to make a city safer, latest technology whilst fulfilling the lighting needs of the inhabitants accessible and orientable, helping people live an active life after the in the best possible way. Questions like, how do we want certain areas to be sun goes down. perceived by night? or which landmarks are more important to make visible when the sun goes down are as important to define as which areas we should reserve to experience darkness, the stars and the northern lights.

Reference diagram: Kiruna competition, seasons vs light qualities. Ljusarkitektur

63 Sustainability

Light plays an important role in the development of the sustainable city and can in many ways be used as a tool for achieving sustainability goals and contributing to functional interplay between social, ecological, economic and cultural sustainability.

The city’s lighting system is part of the municipality’s impact on the climate and the environment, mainly through electricity consumption. To have the ambition to be a Smart City, lighting has to use energy efficient technology, this with regards to light sources and control systems, but also have well-planned lighting, which means having the right type of lighting at the right place at the right time.

Light is an important tool for creating environments that are safe and secure for all the inhabitants of a city. Cities should be safe, where public spaces should be accessible to all creating the right conditions for people to engage and meet outdoors even at nighttime. Well-planned lighting can help populate places more, thus contributing to increased security, mobility and a higher quality of life for those living and working in the area.

Light can be used as a tool for enabling cultural expressions and making them visible, which in the long run reinforces democratic influence, supports diversity and contributes to intercultural dialogue. Specific places carry their own qualities and light is a tool that can enhance the identity of a place.

64 Reference images: the power of light to help creating sustainable environments 65 Reference images: the power of light to help creating sustainable environments Lighting Strategy for the Arctics

At White Arkitekter we use the following method to classify The great variation in daylight hours along the year is the urban space and their qualities when creating a new another characteristic of arctic light. At summer solstice strategic lighting plan for a city. The purpose of this division Yellowknife has 20h 1m of daylight while during winter is to create lighting environments in which human kind solstice Yellowknife has 4h 59m of daylight, with the and their activities are at focus. Soft light on people’s faces sun’s culmination barely 4.1 degres above the horizon. A plays a relevant role to read facial expressions and enable difference of circa 15hr of daylight between summer and safe meetings between people during nighttime. Important winter makes the experience of natural light and darkness points of interest, orientation, pathways and places where a especially drastic one at this latitude. people stay are also highlighted. Together, these categories create a strong lighting design strategy based on qualitative Spatial features Light contributes to the perception aspects where also the quantitative requirements are met. of space at night. When dark, the perception of a room and colors disappears. Light plays an important role in Identity-creating features Light contributes to the re-describing the city’s structure, scale and target points identity or character of the site or area during dark hours at night, facilitating us the ability to recognize the space by highlighting features such as architecture or areas of and navigate through it. To analyze spatial conditions in cultural and natural value. larger areas, Kevin Lynch’s analysis method, adapted to night conditions, can be used. Spatial conditions may differ An example of an identity-creating features are the special depending on seasonal variations and may therefore need characteristics of the seasons at this latitude. The further to be linked to time. north or south we are, the more powerful the seasons are - due to the climate’s variation, of course, but also due to the At this latitude an example of a spatial feature is the clear shift of light. A unique phenomenon close to the poles presence of snow. The temperatures below zero keep the is that the sun takes a longer time to rise and fall giving streets covered by snow during a long part of the year. origin to an extended warm light and a long “blue hour” at White and reflective surfaces need less light to be visible dusk and dawn. than darker and rougher surfaces, such as asphalt or gravel. Snow is in fact a very effective light reflector. In line with Yellowknife is located at latitude 62 °. A result of Yellowknife’s the seasonal changes, the city’s light levels need to be proximity to the north pole is the frequent visibility of the adjusted not only based on hours of darkness but also on northern lights, which results from interaction between the presence or absence of snow on the streets and thus the the solar wind and the particles of the atmosphere in the perceived brightness of the surroundings. Smart lighting in Earth’s magnetic field. this case, can also include adaptive lighting that changes in intensity and even spectral composition depending on the season and time of the day.

IDENTITY

SPATIAL

Strategic TECH Lighting Features

SOCIAL

BIO

Reference66 diagram: White Arkitekter’s method for Strategic Lighting Planning Reference images: natural light qualities and warm artificial light in playground

67 Lighting Strategy for the Arctics

Social features The role of light from a social perspective is to support human needs, such as enabling and inspiring activities and meetings at nighttime. In places where people remain for a certain time, the lighting should have a human scale and help with face recognition. The use of urban spaces differs throughout the day and the year, and therefore the social conditions need to be linked to time. Examples of social conditions that will be identified are meeting points like squares and playgrounds and areas that make people feel insecure at night.

Biological features Biological conditions are used here as a collective name for the impact of light on human health and well-being and on the natural habitats of animals and plants. Biological conditions are often associated with the concepts of disturbing light (glare), light pollution and the need for darkness. As an example, light trespass, spill light that comes from high street pole lighting that permeates through windows of houses nearby can have an adverse effect in the quality of sleep and needs to be regulated.

At this latitude we see a huge potential for electric light to have a positive impact on the human body helping to mitigate and compensate, to some extent, the lack of daylight. As an example, cooler white light during the day and warmer light during the evenings could have a possitive impact during winter. In Sweden the most used color temperature is 3000K for street lighting within cities and residential areas.

Technical features In order to ensure that the lighting system can be realized and managed with available resources, technical prerequisites need to be defined at an initial stage. The technical conditions include the economic and temporal conditions and dependencies of other projects, as well as the technical requirements for the light equipment.

An example of technical features are the possibility to have a seasonal sensitive control system for the lighting that turns on the lights after the blue hour, adapts the intensity depending on ground material reducing the intensity when there is snow, is be able to change colour temperature following the circadian rhythm needs, supports dynamic lighting scenarios in playgrounds and squares with different colour temperatures and light effects depending on seasons etc... Requirements like high colour rendering, specific uplight, glare and light trespass ratios, maximal mounting heights depending on application area, schedules for façade lighting to be dimmed to a certain level after curfew, are also examples of technical features.

68Reference images : light as a powerfull tool to activate the city and create a sense of security PRIORITIZE LIGHT FOR HIGH QUALITY LIGHT PEDESTRIANS AND IMPLEMENT ENERGY AT PUBLIC TRANSPORT CYCLISTS EFFECTIVE LIGHT SOURCES NODES

PRIORITIZE LIGHT AT ADAPTIVE LIGHTING PRESERVE THE CONNECTION POINT THAT MEETS PEOPLE’S DARK BETWEEN PUBLIC NEEDS AT SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT TRANSPORT AND TIMES DESTINATIONS

Reference diagram: Lighting Strategy for Nacka Municipality, White Arkitekter

69 Dark Sky Community, collaboration Action plan for the strategic lighting and dialogue as a working method for plan of Yellowknife, a Smart City and sustainable city development a Dark Sky Community

Sustainable urban development captures the city’s development • Pre -study of existing situation, lighting and urban design potential and meets its challenges, which imposes an integrated • Analysis of the identity and use of the city during nighttime approache based on collaboration and dialogue with different through the method of identity-creating, spatial, social, parts involved. When many actors help and share knowledge biological and technical features. This should be carried out and understanding of how people want to live and live, greater in collaboration with citizens, governmental organizations opportunities are created for sustainable living environments. An and stakeholders. At this stage temporary installations, pop- open dialogue between the design team, the citizens, governmental ups and light festivals can be organized to help the process institutions, private sector and stakeholders is important in the and engage the people in the discussion process of creating a new lighting master plan for the city. • Zoning according to MLO • New lighting master plan for the city of Yellowknife, Should Yellowknife decide to become a Dark Sky Community, conceptual and technical guidelines, areas of interest which is defined as a community that shows exceptional dedication • Test beds and feedback to the preservation of the night sky through the implementation • List of individual projects, design and implementation and enforcement of a quality outdoor lighting ordinance, dark • Post-use evaluation sky education and citizen support of dark skies. For this outdoor lighting would need to comply with the MLO (Model Lighting Ordinance) developed by IES and IDA. A zooning plan will have to be developed to identify areas where more light is needed and areas where darkness should be preserved. This zooning must be in accordance to the MLO zone categories and will be later used as a base to define the new guidelines for lighting that will include upplight, glare and light trespass max acceptable values, as well as other recommendations for façade lighting after curfew hours.

Reference images : workshop and dialogue with the community 70 LIGHTING ZONES - NACKA MUNICIPALITY, SWEDEN

E3 refers to areas with medium ambient light levels, E1 refers to dark areas, such as rural areas or such as communities, industrial or residential areas in national parks and other protected areas with no the suburb. or very low ambient light levels. In the municipality of Nacka, E3 corresponds to mixed In Nacka municipality, E1 corresponds to buildings outside coastal areas and industrial areas, natural and larg recreational areas according to according to the city’s masterplan. the city’s masterplan. refers to areas with strong ambient light levels, such E2 refers to areas with generally low ambient E4 light levels, such as industrial or residential areas as city centers and commercial areas. in the countryside. In Nacka municipality, the E4 corresponds to dense urban and local centers, according to the city’s In Nacka municipality, E2 corresponds to mixed buildings in coastal areas dominated mainly masterplan. by vacation homes, according to the city’s masterplan.

Reference images : workshop and dialogue with the community Reference diagram: lighting zones Nacka Municipality, White Arkitekter 71 ANNEX B Community Design Charrette

In this appendix are presented various documents related to the organization of the Community Design Charrette, including the poster of the event, the list of invitations, the vision of the ideation process that will be discussed and the agenda itself.

72 ANNEX B Community Design Charrette

73 DARK SKY HARNESSING AURORA BOREALIS

The lamp post as a beacon for sustainability.

SMART CITIES CHALLENGE The City of Yellowknife, in partnership with Ecology AUGUST 9-10 9AM-5PM North, swedish architect White Arkitekter AB and YELLOWKNIFE SKI CLUB CHALET ATCO are finalists in the Smart Cities Challenge, a Canada-wide competition by Infrastructure Canada. This is our opportunity to prepare the most innovative and forward-thinking proposal, which day 1 : high-level could win Yellowknife $5M to implement our plan. day 2 : technical analysis WHAT IS A DESIGN CHARRETTE? A fast-paced and collaborative meeting where members sketch a broad and diverse set of design INVITE-ONLY ideas. Blue-sky thinking, crazy ideas and impossible narratives are encouraged. Unleash your intel. Participation on both days is strongly encouraged but not mandatory. DESIGN QUESTION How can the lamp post be used as a beacon for RSVP before August 2. sustainability in Yellowknife? [email protected]

icons by flaticons 74 Attendance Smart Cities Challenge Final Attendance Sheet

Attendants, Smart Cities Challenge Organization Suggested attendance Invite sent? Attendance Count Craig Scott, ED Ecology North both days yes confirmed 1 William Gagnon, Green Buildings Specialist Ecology North both days yes confirmed 1 Thevishka Kanishkan, Landscape Architecture intern Ecology North both days yes confirmed 1 Antonin Boulanger-Cartier, Architecture intern Ecology North both days yes confirmed 1 Laura Busch, Communications Officer Ecology North both days yes confirmed 1 Dr. Courtney Howard, Director Ecology North (board) day 1 only yes not available 0 Eric McNair-Landry, Director Ecology North (board) day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Branda Le Ecology North (board) day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Marie-France Stendahl, Architect White Arkitekter AB both days yes confirmed 1 Niels de Bruin, urban designer and sustainability expert White Arkitekter AB both days yes confirmed 1 Mark Heyck, Mayor City of Yellowknife Elected both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Rebecca Alty, City Councilor City of Yellowknife Elected day 1 only showed up confirmed 1 2 City Councillors, to be chosen by Mark Heyck City of Yellowknife Elected both days sent to SBK not available 0 Sheila Bassi-Kellett, SAO City of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK not available 0 Mike Auge, Director of Sustainability City of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Chris Vaughn, Sustainability Coordinator City of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Iman Kassam, Communications & Economic Development OfficerCity of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Shauna Morgan, Chair, Community Energy Planning CommitteeCity of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK not available 0 Holly Ferris, City of YK Homelessness coordinator City of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Harshen Manickum, Systems Analyst City of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Chris Goit, Network Administrator City of Yellowknife Admin both days sent to SBK confirmed 1 Johanne Black, Director of Lands YKDFN day 1 only not available 0 Catherine Lafferty, Band Councilor YKDFN both days yes not available 0 Elizabeth Liske YKDFN day 1 only confirmed 1 Cathie Bolstad, ED NWT Tourism day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Gino Pin, senior architect Community member day 1 only yes not available 0 Stephen Fancott, senior architect Community member day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Jason Newton NUL both days confirmed 1 Amro Alansari ATCO both days sent to Derek not available 0 Lori Burrill, Supervisor, Office & Customer Service ATCO both days sent to Derek not available 0 Daryl Fetaz, Operating Superintendent ATCO both days sent to Derek not available 0 Derek McHugh ATCO both days yes not available 0 The Wizard -- Electrical telecommunications ATCO day 1 only sent to Derek not available 0 Sara Brown, Executive Director (or Miki) NWTAC day 1 only yes not available 0 Dr. Kelsey Wrightson Dechinta day 1 only yes not available 0 3 interns tbd Dechinta day 1 only sent to Kelsey not available 0 1 representative tbd Alternatives North day 1 only not available 0 1 representative tbd Chamber of Commerce day 1 only no capacity not available 0 Lindsay Armer, Strategic Analyst, Sustainability GNWT Lands day 1 only yes not available 0 Other, Lands, TBD GNWT Lands day 1 only sent to Lindsay not available 0 Other, ENR, TBD GNWT ENR day 1 only sent to Lindsay not available 0 Kimberley Fairman ICHR day 1 only yes not available 0 Alex Borowiecka NWTALA day 1 only yes confirmed 1 1 representative Aurora College day 1 only yes not available 0 Natalie Plato Giant Mine Remeditation day 1 only yes not available 0 Bronwyn Rorke GNWT, DOI day 1 only yes confirmed 1 John Carr AEA day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Linda Todd AEA day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Amy Lizotte Tourism, ITI day 1 only yes not available 0 Kris Johnson ECDEV, ITI day 1 only yes not available 0 Ben Nind GMOB day 1 only yes not available 0 Astrid Gagnon tourist day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Daniel Gagnon tourist day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Christopher Clarke confirmed 1 Ben Russo NWTAA not available 0 Kumari Karunaratne GNWT ITI day 1 only yes not available 0 Chris Hewitt GNWT MACA not available 0 Grégoire Blais-Dufour L'Aquilon day 1 only yes confirmed 1 Gabrielle Moser GNWT Infra not available 0 TOTAL ATTENDEES 2975

2018-08-24 12:31:00 1 culture pride health economy ecology well-being tourism D A R K S K Y

A dark sky, absent of light pollution and with a view of the northern lights, brings CHALLENGE people outside. Together, we can appreciate Yellowknifes uniue attributes and in doing so, improve both our physical and psychological wellbeing.

The lamp post as a beacon for WORKSHOP

sustainability august 9 - 10, 201 TOOL

A. SUSTAINABILITY B. LIGHTING FOR SMARTCITY

Function by Northland Utilities What are the different complementary functions 1 2 that could be combined with the post lamp to make it more useful (ex: wifi, electric vehicles charging station, tourism signage, etc.) ?

Location by White Arkitekter What areas of the city should we prioritize for 1 Sustainable 3 the installation of these fixtures (ex : park, parking, bike path, schoolyard, shopping The lamp post Development mall, etc.) ? as a beacon for Goals Smart City by City of Yellowknife What community analytics could be interesting sustainability. 19 targets 4 5 to collect by setting up such a lighting network? THINKING TOGETHER

Icon made by www.freepik.com from www.flaticon.com 76 culture pride health economy ecology well-being tourism AGENDA

13:30 PRESENTATION + ACTIVITY 3 DAY 1 August 9 The United Nations Sustainable

Development Goals + Targets William Gagnon 10:00 Light breakfast served Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North Introductions + Mini Yoga 10:15 Opening statements Mark Heyck, Mayor, City of Yellowknife 14:55 ACTIVITY 4 Prioritizing 10:20 Opening Statements Niels de Bruin, White Arkiteker AB Yellowknives Dene First Nation City (Sweden) Councilor, to be confirmed

10:35 Where the Smart Cities Challenge started 15:15 Coffee break Craig Scott, Executive Director, Ecology North 15:30 PRESENTATION 10:45 Presentation of the submission Lighting technologies Michael Auge, Manager, Sustainability & Daryl Setaz, Atco / Northland Utilities Solid Waste 15:50 BRAINSTORM + ACTIVITY 5 11:00 Where we stand The lamp post as a beacon for William Gagnon, Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North sustainability William Gagnon 11:10 Who are our competitors Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North Marie-France Stendahl, White Arkitekter AB (Sweden) 11:30 Overview of the Workshop process 16:35 FINAL DISCUSSION + SUMMARY Niels de Bruin, White Arkiteker AB Michael Auge, Craig Scott & Niels de Bruin (Sweden) 4 17:10 Group picture + End 11: 45 ACTIVITY 1 Yellowknife Quiz Niels de Bruin, White Arkiteker AB (Sweden) 11:55 ACTIVITY 2 Warm Up Love and Hate on Map William Gagnon Green Buildings Specialist, Ecology North 12:30 Lunch break

77 ANNEX C Background Research

This annex compiles three suppliers with whom White Arkitekter AB are currently collaborating on some of their projects in Sweden, namely :

• LED Roadway lighting - Smart Street Lighting for Smart Cities ; • LUG - Lighting Factory ; • SELUX - Lighting under control.

SMART STREET LIGHTING FOR SMART CITIES

VA A N AZ

Sophisticated. Brilliant. Reliable. 6-49170-00 03/146-49170-00 5M

Selux Corporation 5 Lumen Lane Highland, NY 12528

tel. (800) 735-8927 The NEW Avanza LED! fax (845) 834-1401 Scan QR code for the email [email protected] latest details and web www.selux.us speci cations.

78 ANNEX C Background Research

Full documents and additional information to be provided upon request.

79 assembled by Ecology North

and White Arkitekter AB

80 August 31, 2018