DOCSLIB.ORG

New Genus and Species of Lithistid Demosponges from Submarine Caves in Nuku Hiva (Marquesas Islands) and Tahiti Iti (Society Islands), French Polynesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New Genus and Species of Lithistid Demosponges from Submarine Caves in Nuku Hiva (Marquesas Islands) and Tahiti Iti (Society Islands), French Polynesia The European Zoological Journal, 2021, 749–770 Vol. 88, No. 1, https://doi.org/10.1080/24750263.2021.1939450 New genus and species of lithistid demosponges from submarine caves in Nuku Hiva (Marquesas Islands) and Tahiti Iti (Society Islands), French Polynesia A. SCHUSTER 1*, A. PISERA 2, M. EKINS 3,4,5, & C. DEBITUS 6,7 1Department of Biology, NordCEE, Southern University of Denmark, Odense M, Denmark, 2Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland, 3Biodiversity and Geosciences, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia, 4Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, 5School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia, 6IRD, EIO, Université de la Polynésie française, Faaa, and 7IRD, CNRS, Ifremer, LEMAR, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Plouzané, France (Received 23 November 2020; accepted 1 June 2021; first published 27 June 2021) Abstract Lithistid demosponges are well known from limestone caves of karstic origin in the Mediterranean Sea. However, they have never been reported from submarine caves of volcanic origin in the South Pacific. Here, we describe and provide DNA barcodes for four new lithistid demosponges including one new genus. All species grew on basaltic rocks inside lava tubes on Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas Islands) and Tahiti Iti peninsula on Tahiti Island (Society Islands) in French Polynesia. Three of the species have rhizoclone desmas as choanosomal skeletons and belong to the family Scleritodermidae (Microscleroderma miritatarata sp. nov. and Microscleroderma lava sp. nov.) and Siphonidiidae (Gastrophanella basaltica sp. nov.). The new genus Levispongia gen. nov. belongs to the family Corallistidae. The new species Levispongia meyeri gen. nov. sp. nov. has dicranoclone desmas, complex dichotrianes with strongly spinose upper surfaces of the cladome and microstyles as the only microscleres. Phylogenetic relationships of these new species are discussed and compared with other material from the Caribbean and Central to the West Pacific Ocean. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:844E385C-9A92-4F1B-B85C-9C1E319CD13F Keywords: Cave sponges, lithistid demosponges, DNA barcoding, relict fauna, French Polynesia Introduction Voultsiadou 2012). Since most of these caves are Submarine caves share several ecological features accessible by SCUBA diving, they provide a unique which often resemble that of deep-sea habitats includ- opportunity to study various aspects of deep-sea ing darkness, hydrodynamic, geochemical and faunal sponge biology and systematics (Vacelet 1996). compositions (Harmelin & Vacelet 1997). Although However, we still know little about the diversity and differences in pressure, temperature and habitat sizes connectivity of sponges from different cave systems exist (Moldovan et al. 2019), these submarine caves around the world, especially how many of these spe- are often colonized by deep-sea invertebrates like gas- cies are cryptic or relict, present as a living fossil. tropods, annelids, crustaceans and sponges (Bussotti Sponge cave biodiversity has been well studied in the et al. 2006; Gerovasileiou et al. 2015; Culver & Pipan Mediterranean Sea (e.g. Gerovasileiou et al. 2016). 2019). In particular, the abundance of demosponges The Mediterranean submarine caves are all of karstic represents an important element of submarine cave origin (limestones) and are a large biodiversity reser- communities (Bibiloni et al. 1989; Gerovasileiou & voir of sponge species that are otherwise only recorded *Correspondence: A. Schuster, Department of Biology, NordCEE, Southern University of Denmark, Campusvej 55, Odense M 5300, Denmark. Email: [email protected] © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 750 A. Schuster et al. from the deep-sea (Gerovasileiou & Voultsiadou flows and are of volcanic origin. This is an important 2012). In particular, the occurrence of a polyphyletic finding not only because they grow on these basaltic group of demosponges historically called lithistids volcanic rocks inside lava tubes, but also due to the (Pisera & Lévi 2002a; Schuster et al. 2015) seems to fact that the new genus and species described herein be highly abundant and thrive in these cave systems represent the first records of lithistids from this (Pérez et al. 2004; Manconi et al. 2006; Manconi & extreme isolated archipelago in French Polynesia. Serusi 2008; Pisera & Vacelet 2011; Pisera & Thus, our results will be of profound interest for Gerovasileiou 2018). Lithistids are characterized by further biogeographical and systematic studies on an articulated choanosomal skeleton composed of this evolutionary important demosponge group. siliceous desmas. Molecular systematics placed the majority of these desma-bearing sponges into the order Tetractinellida Marshall 1876 (Schuster et al. Material and methods 2015). In oceans today, lithistids are normally found Specimen collection and morphological investigations in deep-waters of the tropics (Carvalho et al. 2015; Schuster et al. 2021), however, some species are also Lithistid sponges from Marquesas were collected by found in shallow waters (Pomponi et al. 2001). It is SCUBA diving in the 80 m long lava tube called postulated that the majority of these sponges were Ekamako, on Nuku Hiva southern shore originally shallow water sponges that moved into dee- (Marquesas Islands) (Figure 1(b,c)): Research per waters as silica concentrations decreased in shal- Vessel (R/V) called Alis, cruise BSMPF-1 (Debitus low water (Pisera 2004). Few records exist of lithistid 2009), site MNH03, 8°56.173’S, 140°05.593ʹW, cave fauna occurring outside the Mediterranean Sea 11 m, 29/08/2009 (Figure 1). They grew from (Gerovasileiou et al. 2016; Gómez et al. 2021). Some 10 meters (m) distance from the entrance of the lithistids were described from shallow crevices in coral cave and continued to appear deeper into the cave reefs of Madagascar (Vacelet & Vasseur 1965), from (Pérez et al. 2012). Other sponges in this cave were the central western Atlantic in Belize and Fernando de the non-lithistid demosponges Xestospongia sp. (6– Noronha (Muricy & Minervino 2000), and a few more 10 m), Dactylospongia elegans (6–10 m distance from were observed in a large submarine cave on Palawan in the entrance), Suberea sp. (6–10 m distance from the the Philippines, which represents the only known entrance), Epipolasis sp. (6–10 m distance from the record of cave lithistids so far in the Pacific Ocean entrance) and Cinachyrella sp. (8 m distance from (Pisera & Vacelet 2006). In all investigated caves, the the entrance), some of them probably represent new dominant lithistid species seem to belong to rhizomor- species too, but await formal description. ine families like Scleritodermidae Sollas, 1888, The sponges from Tahiti Iti peninsula were also Azorizidae Sollas, 1888 Siphonidiidae Von collected by SCUBA diving from a lava tube inside Lendenfeld, 1903 and dicranoclone family the Te Pari Cave (Tahiti Island, Windward Islands, Corallistidae Sollas, 1888. All of which are usually Society Islands) (Figure 1 D,E). For more details on recorded from deep-waters. The observed morpholo- the cruise see Debitus (2013). The entrance of this gical features from all these various cave lithistids show cave is about 10 m wide and its sandy bottom lies at high affinities to those of the Mesozoic of Europe 12 m depth. It forms a right angle 25 m after the (Łukowiak et al. 2014; Frisone et al. 2016; cave mouth and is another 180 m long (measured Świerczewska-Gładysz 2016), which would suggest with a hand depth sounder). It is a regular 6–8 m that most of these species represent a relict fauna wide cylinder, that narrows and rises towards the with probable Tethys origin as already predicted for end. The sides and bottom (after the turn) are other non-cave lithistids (Reid 1967; Manconi 2011) formed of irregular basaltic rocks. The cave ends in and recently tested with molecular clocks for the lithis- a narrow, rocky, chaotic pipe, inaccessible for divers. tid genus Vetulina Schmidt, 1879 (Sphaerocladina The roof at the end of the cave is characterized by an Schrammen 1924) (Schuster et al. 2018). air pocket as it is above sea level. The presence of In this integrative taxonomy study, we describe for a few dead leaves indicated freshwater inflows, prob- the first time four new lithistid demosponges and one ably during heavy rains. The top water column tem- new genus from two shallow submarine caves in perature in the cave was around 26°C, while the French Polynesia: Ekamako Cave at the southern lower bottom was warmer around 28°C, and the coast of Nuku Hiva (Marquesas Islands) and Te open sea temperature was 30°C. This cooler top Pari Cave on Tahiti Iti peninsula (Tahiti island, water temperature would confirm the inflow of Windward Islands, Society Islands) (Figure 1). In freshwater, thus keeping the upper layer of the cave contrast to the above-mentioned limestone caves, water cooler. Further indication for freshwater the Polynesian cave systems are formed by large lava inflow is given by the observation of some cave New rock sponges from caves in French Polynesia 751 Figure 1. Map of sampling sites. (a): Overview of French Polynesia in the South Pacific Ocean. (b,c): Sampling site at Nuku Hiva Island (Marquesas Islands). (d,e): Sampling site at Tahiti Iti peninsula. Red arrows indicate the position of caves where lithistids were collected. openings that are close to trails where locals sp., Haliclona spp., Halichondria sp., Chondrilla sp., observed salty water coming out during rough seas Cinachyrella sp., Luffariella sp., Rhabdastrella sp.). and killing the surrounding plants, however, no light The lithistids were found further inside the cave on could be observed inside the cave. Moreover, the the walls and roof of the cave, with Microscleroderma water at the surface in the back (end) of the cave lava sp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taxonomy and Diversity of the Sponge Fauna from Walters Shoal, a Shallow Seamount in the Western Indian Ocean Region
    Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region By Robyn Pauline Payne A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Magister Scientiae in the Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Supervisors: Dr Toufiek Samaai Prof. Mark J. Gibbons Dr Wayne K. Florence The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. December 2015 Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region Robyn Pauline Payne Keywords Indian Ocean Seamount Walters Shoal Sponges Taxonomy Systematics Diversity Biogeography ii Abstract Taxonomy and diversity of the sponge fauna from Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount in the Western Indian Ocean region R. P. Payne MSc Thesis, Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape. Seamounts are poorly understood ubiquitous undersea features, with less than 4% sampled for scientific purposes globally. Consequently, the fauna associated with seamounts in the Indian Ocean remains largely unknown, with less than 300 species recorded. One such feature within this region is Walters Shoal, a shallow seamount located on the South Madagascar Ridge, which is situated approximately 400 nautical miles south of Madagascar and 600 nautical miles east of South Africa. Even though it penetrates the euphotic zone (summit is 15 m below the sea surface) and is protected by the Southern Indian Ocean Deep- Sea Fishers Association, there is a paucity of biodiversity and oceanographic data.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix: Some Important Early Collections of West Indian Type Specimens, with Historical Notes
    Appendix: Some important early collections of West Indian type specimens, with historical notes Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 between 1841 and 1864, we gain additional information concerning the sponge memoir, starting with the letter dated 8 May 1855. Jacob Gysbert Samuel van Breda A biography of Placide Duchassaing de Fonbressin was (1788-1867) was professor of botany in Franeker (Hol­ published by his friend Sagot (1873). Although an aristo­ land), of botany and zoology in Gent (Belgium), and crat by birth, as we learn from Michelotti's last extant then of zoology and geology in Leyden. Later he went to letter to van Breda, Duchassaing did not add de Fon­ Haarlem, where he was secretary of the Hollandsche bressin to his name until 1864. Duchassaing was born Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, curator of its cabinet around 1819 on Guadeloupe, in a French-Creole family of natural history, and director of Teyler's Museum of of planters. He was sent to school in Paris, first to the minerals, fossils and physical instruments. Van Breda Lycee Louis-le-Grand, then to University. He finished traveled extensively in Europe collecting fossils, especial­ his studies in 1844 with a doctorate in medicine and two ly in Italy. Michelotti exchanged collections of fossils additional theses in geology and zoology. He then settled with him over a long period of time, and was received as on Guadeloupe as physician. Because of social unrest foreign member of the Hollandsche Maatschappij der after the freeing of native labor, he left Guadeloupe W etenschappen in 1842. The two chief papers of Miche­ around 1848, and visited several islands of the Antilles lotti on fossils were published by the Hollandsche Maat­ (notably Nevis, Sint Eustatius, St.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithistid’ Tetractinellid
    1 Systematics of ‘lithistid’ tetractinellid 2 demosponges from the Tropical Western 3 Atlantic – implications for phylodiversity 4 and bathymetric distribution 1,2 3 4 5 Astrid Schuster , Shirley A. Pomponi , Andrzej Pisera , Paco 5 6 1,7,8 1,8 6 Cardenas´ , Michelle Kelly , Gert Worheide¨ , and Dirk Erpenbeck 1 7 Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, 8 Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ M ¨unchen, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, 9 Germany 2 10 Current address: Department of Biology, NordCEE, Southern University of Denmark, 11 Campusvej 55, 5300 M Odense, Denmark 3 12 Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 U.S. 1 North, 13 Ft Pierce, FL 34946, USA 4 14 Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 15 Warszawa, Poland 5 16 Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Husargatan 17 3, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden 6 18 National Centre for Coasts and Oceans, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric 19 Research, Private Bag 99940, Newmarket, Auckland, 1149, New Zealand 7 20 SNSB-Bayerische Staatssammlung f ¨urPalaontologie¨ und Geologie, Richard-Wagner 21 Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany 8 22 GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat¨ M ¨unchen, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 23 80333 Munich, Germany 24 Corresponding author: 1,8 25 Dirk Erpenbeck 26 Email address: [email protected] 27 ABSTRACT PeerJ Preprints | https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.27673v1 | CC BY 4.0 Open Access | rec: 22 Apr 2019, publ: 22 Apr 2019 28 Background Among all present demosponges, lithistids represent a polyphyletic group with 29 exceptionally well preserved fossils dating back to the Cambrian.
    [Show full text]
  • A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution
    marine drugs Review A Soft Spot for Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge Secondary Metabolite Distribution Adrian Galitz 1 , Yoichi Nakao 2 , Peter J. Schupp 3,4 , Gert Wörheide 1,5,6 and Dirk Erpenbeck 1,5,* 1 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (G.W.) 2 Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; [email protected] 3 Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, 26111 Wilhelmshaven, Germany; [email protected] 4 Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity, University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 26129 Oldenburg, Germany 5 GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany 6 SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Palaeontology and Geology, 80333 Munich, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Marine sponges are the most prolific marine sources for discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Sponge secondary metabolites are sought-after for their potential in pharmaceutical applications, and in the past, they were also used as taxonomic markers alongside the difficult and homoplasy-prone sponge morphology for species delineation (chemotaxonomy). The understanding Citation: Galitz, A.; Nakao, Y.; of phylogenetic distribution and distinctiveness of metabolites to sponge lineages is pivotal to reveal Schupp, P.J.; Wörheide, G.; pathways and evolution of compound production in sponges. This benefits the discovery rate and Erpenbeck, D. A Soft Spot for yield of bioprospecting for novel marine natural products by identifying lineages with high potential Chemistry–Current Taxonomic and Evolutionary Implications of Sponge of being new sources of valuable sponge compounds.
    [Show full text]
  • Proposal for a Revised Classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3*
    Morrow and Cárdenas Frontiers in Zoology (2015) 12:7 DOI 10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8 DEBATE Open Access Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera) Christine Morrow1 and Paco Cárdenas2,3* Abstract Background: Demospongiae is the largest sponge class including 81% of all living sponges with nearly 7,000 species worldwide. Systema Porifera (2002) was the result of a large international collaboration to update the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on morphological data. Since then, an increasing number of molecular phylogenetic studies have considerably shaken this taxonomic framework, with numerous polyphyletic groups revealed or confirmed and new clades discovered. And yet, despite a few taxonomical changes, the overall framework of the Systema Porifera classification still stands and is used as it is by the scientific community. This has led to a widening phylogeny/classification gap which creates biases and inconsistencies for the many end-users of this classification and ultimately impedes our understanding of today’s marine ecosystems and evolutionary processes. In an attempt to bridge this phylogeny/classification gap, we propose to officially revise the higher taxa Demospongiae classification. Discussion: We propose a revision of the Demospongiae higher taxa classification, essentially based on molecular data of the last ten years. We recommend the use of three subclasses: Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha. We retain seven (Agelasida, Chondrosiida, Dendroceratida, Dictyoceratida, Haplosclerida, Poecilosclerida, Verongiida) of the 13 orders from Systema Porifera. We recommend the abandonment of five order names (Hadromerida, Halichondrida, Halisarcida, lithistids, Verticillitida) and resurrect or upgrade six order names (Axinellida, Merliida, Spongillida, Sphaerocladina, Suberitida, Tetractinellida). Finally, we create seven new orders (Bubarida, Desmacellida, Polymastiida, Scopalinida, Clionaida, Tethyida, Trachycladida).
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics Suggests a New Classification and Uncovers Convergent Evolution of Lithistid Demosponges
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Deceptive Desmas: Molecular Phylogenetics Suggests a New Classification and Uncovers Convergent Evolution of Lithistid Demosponges Astrid Schuster1,2, Dirk Erpenbeck1,3, Andrzej Pisera4, John Hooper5,6, Monika Bryce5,7, Jane Fromont7, Gert Wo¨ rheide1,2,3* 1. Department of Earth- & Environmental Sciences, Palaeontology and Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universita¨tMu¨nchen, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany, 2. SNSB – Bavarian State Collections OPEN ACCESS of Palaeontology and Geology, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany, 3. GeoBio-CenterLMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universita¨t Mu¨nchen, Richard-Wagner Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany, 4. Institute of Citation: Schuster A, Erpenbeck D, Pisera A, Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland, 5. Queensland Hooper J, Bryce M, et al. (2015) Deceptive Museum, PO Box 3300, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia, 6. Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith Desmas: Molecular Phylogenetics Suggests a New Classification and Uncovers Convergent Evolution University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia, 7. Department of Aquatic Zoology, Western Australian Museum, of Lithistid Demosponges. PLoS ONE 10(1): Locked Bag 49, Welshpool DC, Western Australia, 6986, Australia e116038. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116038 *[email protected] Editor: Mikhail V. Matz, University of Texas, United States of America Received: July 3, 2014 Accepted: November 30, 2014 Abstract Published: January 7, 2015 Reconciling the fossil record with molecular phylogenies to enhance the Copyright: ß 2015 Schuster et al. This is an understanding of animal evolution is a challenging task, especially for taxa with a open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which mostly poor fossil record, such as sponges (Porifera).
    [Show full text]
  • Ereskovsky Et 2018 Bulgarie.Pd
    Sponge community of the western Black Sea shallow water caves: diversity and spatial distribution Alexander Ereskovsky, Oleg Kovtun, Konstantin Pronin, Apostol Apostolov, Dirk Erpenbeck, Viatcheslav Ivanenko To cite this version: Alexander Ereskovsky, Oleg Kovtun, Konstantin Pronin, Apostol Apostolov, Dirk Erpenbeck, et al.. Sponge community of the western Black Sea shallow water caves: diversity and spatial distribution. PeerJ, PeerJ, 2018, 6, pp.e4596. 10.7717/peerj.4596. hal-01789010 HAL Id: hal-01789010 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01789010 Submitted on 14 May 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Sponge community of the western Black Sea shallow water caves: diversity and spatial distribution Alexander Ereskovsky1,2, Oleg A. Kovtun3, Konstantin K. Pronin4, Apostol Apostolov5, Dirk Erpenbeck6 and Viatcheslav Ivanenko7 1 Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Marseille, France 2 Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology,
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13. State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the U.S
    State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the Southeast United States Chapter 13 in The State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States Report Recommended citation: Hourigan TF, Reed J, Pomponi S, Ross SW, David AW, Harter S (2017) State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the Southeast United States. In: Hourigan TF, Etnoyer, PJ, Cairns, SD (eds.). The State of Deep‐Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS‐OHC‐4, Silver Spring, MD. 60 p. Available online: http://deepseacoraldata.noaa.gov/library. STATE OF THE DEEP‐SEA CORAL AND SPONGE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES Squat lobster perched on Lophelia pertusa colonies with a sponge in the background. Courtesy of NOAA/ USGS. 408 STATE OF THE DEEP‐SEA CORAL AND SPONGE ECOSYSTEMS OF THE SOUTHEAST UNITED STATES STATE OF THE DEEP- SEA CORAL AND Thomas F. Hourigan1*, SPONGE ECOSYSTEMS John Reed2, OF THE SOUTHEAST Shirley Pomponi2, UNITED STATES Steve W. Ross3, Andrew W. David4, and I. Introduction Stacey Harter4 The Southeast U.S. region stretches from the Straits of Florida north to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and encompasses the 1 NOAA Deep Sea Coral Southeast U.S. Continental Shelf large marine ecosystem (LME; Research and Technology Carolinian ecoregion) and associated deeper waters of the Blake Program, Office of Habitat Plateau, as well as a small portion of the Caribbean LME off the Conservation, Silver Florida Keys (eastern portion of the Floridian ecoregion). Within Spring, MD * Corresponding Author: U.S. waters, deep‐sea stony coral reefs reach their greatest [email protected] abundance and development in this region (Ross and Nizinski 2007).
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Marine Macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T
    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 19 An annotated checklist of the marine macroinvertebrates of Alaska David T. Drumm • Katherine P. Maslenikov Robert Van Syoc • James W. Orr • Robert R. Lauth Duane E. Stevenson • Theodore W. Pietsch November 2016 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce National Oceanic Papers NMFS and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientific Editor* Administrator Richard Langton National Marine National Marine Fisheries Service Fisheries Service Northeast Fisheries Science Center Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Office of Science and Technology Economics and Social Analysis Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Publications Office 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is pub- lished by the Scientific Publications Of- *Bruce Mundy (PIFSC) was Scientific Editor during the fice, National Marine Fisheries Service, scientific editing and preparation of this report. NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115. The Secretary of Commerce has The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original determined that the publication of research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, flora and fauna studies, and data- this series is necessary in the transac- intensive reports on investigations in fishery science, engineering, and economics. tion of the public business required by law of this Department.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogeographic Study of the Deep-Sea Sponge Geodia Barretti Using Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing (EPIC) Markers
    A phylogeographic study of the deep-sea sponge Geodia barretti using Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing (EPIC) markers Isabel Ordaz Németh Degree project in biology, Bachelor of science, 2014 Examensarbete i biologi 15 hp till kandidatexamen, 2014 Biology Education Centre and Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University Supervisors: Mikael Thollesson and Paco Cárdenas Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 The Poriferan Bauplan 4 Ecology and importance 4 Phylogeny and evolution 5 Geodia barretti 5 Genetic markers: Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing 8 Aims of the project 9 Materials and Methods 10 Finding introns 10 Sample dataset 10 PCR program 11 Electrophoresis 12 Purification and sequencing 12 Software used 12 Designing and testing new primers 13 Analysis of the data 14 Results 15 Evaluation of the universal primers 15 Pairwise distances between the sponges 15 Phylogenetic trees 17 Discussion 19 PCR troubleshooting 19 Pairwise distance matrix and phylogenetic trees 19 Conclusion 22 Acknowledgements 22 References 23 Appendix 25 2 Abstract Background: There is a limited number of genetic markers suitable for phylogeographic and population genetic studies in non-model organisms, particularly various marine invertebrates, such as sponges. The possibility of using Exon-Primed Intron-Crossing (EPIC) markers in the deep-sea sponge species Geodia barretti is explored in this project. The sponge specimens that were tested came from different localities of the North Atlantic. Results: An EPIC marker was found to show genetic variability among the sponge specimens. Based on the resulting DNA sequences of the sponges, a phylogenetic analysis was made, which showed the genetic connectivity among them. Conclusions: EPIC markers are effective genetic markers variable enough to apply them to poorly studied marine species such as G.
    [Show full text]
  • Porifera, Demo
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: European Journal of Taxonomy Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 0506 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kelly Michelle, Cardenas Paco, Rush Nicola, Sim-Smith Carina, Macpherson Diana, Page Mike, Bell Lori J. Artikel/Article: Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species 1-25 © European Journal of Taxonomy; download unter http://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu; www.zobodat.at European Journal of Taxonomy 506: 1–25 ISSN 2118-9773 https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2019.506 www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu 2019 · Kelly M. et al. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0). Research article urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0D5F8DFB-C1AC-47F5-9129-C9241DF3DB04 Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species Michelle KELLY 1,*, Paco CÁRDENAS 2,*, Nicola RUSH 3, Carina SIM-SMITH 4, Diana MACPHERSON 5, Mike PAGE 6 & Lori J. BELL 7 1,3,4 Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 109–695, Newmarket, Auckland, New Zealand. 2 Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, BioMedical Centre, Husargatan 3, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden. 5 Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand. 6 Coasts and Oceans National Centre, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • From Boreo-Arctic North-Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponge Grounds
    fmars-07-595267 December 18, 2020 Time: 11:45 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 18 December 2020 doi: 10.3389/fmars.2020.595267 Reproductive Biology of Geodia Species (Porifera, Tetractinellida) From Boreo-Arctic North-Atlantic Deep-Sea Sponge Grounds Vasiliki Koutsouveli1,2*, Paco Cárdenas2, Maria Conejero3, Hans Tore Rapp4 and Ana Riesgo1,5* 1 Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, 2 Pharmacognosy, Department Edited by: Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, 3 Analytical Methods-Bioimaging Facility, Royal Botanic Chiara Romano, Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom, 4 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Centre for Advanced Studies 5 Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Consejo Superior of Blanes (CEAB), Spanish National de Investigaciones Científicas, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales Calle de José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain Research Council, Spain Reviewed by: Sylvie Marylène Gaudron, Boreo-arctic sponge grounds are essential deep-sea structural habitats that provide Sorbonne Universités, France important services for the ecosystem. These large sponge aggregations are dominated Rhian G. Waller, University of Gothenburg, Sweden by demosponges of the genus Geodia (order Tetractinellida, family Geodiidae). However, *Correspondence: little is known about the basic biological features of these species, such as their life Vasiliki Koutsouveli cycle and dispersal capabilities. Here, we surveyed five deep-sea species of Geodia [email protected]; from the North-Atlantic Ocean and studied their reproductive cycle and strategy using [email protected] Ana Riesgo light and electron microscopy. The five species were oviparous and gonochoristic. [email protected]; Synchronous development was observed at individual and population level in most [email protected] of the species.
    [Show full text]