Environmental Assessment Document Initial Environmental Examination

Home , Dala township, Htantabin Township, Twante Canal, Twante Township

ADB GRANT 9177-MYA Date: 4 December 2017

Myanmar: Pro-Poor Community Infrastructure and Basic Services Project

Yangon City Sub-projects

This environmental assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Objectives and Scope of the IEE 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2 A. Project Objectives 2 B. The Proposed Project 2 C. Scope of the Project 4 D. Dala Sub-Projects 4 E. Hlaing Tharyar Sub-Projects 7 III. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 9 A. Policy Framework 9 B. Legal Framework 10 C. Administrative Framework 11 D. Other Relevant Legislation and Policies 12 E. Environmental Conventions, Treaties and Other Instruments. 12 F. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 13 IV. BASELINE INFORMATION 14 A. Physical Environment 14 B. Biological Environment 16 C. Socio-Economic Environment 16 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 20 A. Method of Assessment of Anticipated Impacts 20 B. Impacts in Design and Pre-Construction Phase 20 C. Impacts in Construction Phase 23 D. Impacts in Operation and Maintenance Phase 28 VI. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 29 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 30 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 31 IX. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - DALA 32 A. Introduction 32 B. Objectives 32 C. Description of the Project 32 D. Legal Requirements 34 E. Institutional Arrangements 35 F. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 37 G. Implementation Schedule 44 H. Environmental Monitoring 45 I. Proposed budget and responsibilities 45 X. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN – HLAING THARYAR 73 A. Introduction 73 B. Objectives 73 C. Description of the Project 73 D. Legal Requirements 75 E. Institutional Arrangements 76 F. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 79 G. Implementation Schedule 87 H. Environmental Monitoring 87

I. Proposed budget and responsibilities 88 XI. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 102

List of Appendices Appendix 1: Dala Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project ...... 103 Appendix 2: Dala Township Community Water Treatment Facilities Sub-Project ...... 105 Appendix 4: Hlaing Tharyar Township Road Improvement Sub-Project ...... 112 Appendix 5: Hlaing Tharyar Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project ...... 114 Appendix 6: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala Township ...... 117 Appendix 7: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 6, Dala Township ...... 121 Appendix 8: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 11/14 Dala Township ...... 124 Appendix 9: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 7, Hlaing Tharyar Township ...... 127 Appendix 10: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 10, Hlaing Tharyar Township ...... 131

List of Tables Table 1: Proposed Sub-Project Roads in Hlaing Tharyar Township ...... 7 Table 2: Relevant International Conventions and Treaties ...... 13 Table 3: Annual Temperature and Precipitation ...... 14 Table 4: Population of Target Wards, Dala ...... 17 Table 5: Population of Target Blocks, Dala ...... 17 Table 6: Ethnic Minority Populations in Target Blocks, Dala ...... 17 Table 7: Population of Target Wards, Hlaing Tharyar ...... 18 Table 8: Population of Target Blocks, Hlaing Tharyar...... 18 Table 9: Ethnic Minority Populations in Target Wards, Hlaing Tharyar ...... 19 Table 10: Community Consultation Meeting Attendance ...... 30 Table 11. Indicative Staffing and Outside Consultant Needs ...... 36 Table 12. Reporting Requirements and Responsibilities ...... 37 Table 13: Tentative Budget for EMP Implementation in Dala, Yangon City ...... 46 Table 14: Environmental Management Plan - Solid Waste and General Construction Activities, Dala ...... 47 Table 15: Environmental Management Plan – Community Water Treatment Facilities, Dala .... 61 Table 16: Proposed Sub-Project Roads in Hlaing Tharyar Township ...... 74 Table 17. Indicative Staffing and Outside Consultant Needs ...... 78 Table 18. Reporting Requirements and Responsibilities ...... 78

Table 19: Tentative Budget for EMP Implementation in Hlaing Tharyar, Yangon City ...... 89 Table 20: Environmental Management Plan - Road Improvement and Solid Waste Sub-Projects, Hlaing Tharyar ...... 90

List of Figures Figure 1: Map showing location of Yangon ...... 2 Figure 2: Map of Yangon City Showing Sub-Project Townships ...... 4 Figure 3: Location of the Target Wards in Dala Township ...... 5 Figure 4: The Existing SWM System in Dala and the Contributions of the Sub-Project ...... 6 Figure 5: Location of the Target Wards in Hlaing Tharyar Township ...... 7 Figure 6: Location of Proposed Drain to be Improved ...... 8 Figure 7 Existing SWM System in Hlaing Tharyar and the Sub-Project Contributions ...... 9 Figure 8: Location of the Target Wards in Dala Township ...... 33 Figure 9: Location of the Target Wards in Hlaing Tharyar Township ...... 74 Figure 10: Location of Proposed Drain to be Improved ...... 76 Figure 11: Location of proposed solid waste collection station, Aunt Gyi West Ward ...... 104 Figure 12: Location of proposed solid waste collection station, Ward 11/14 ...... 104 Figure 13: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 6, Block 1 ...... 106 Figure 14: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 6, Block 2 ...... 106 Figure 15: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 6, Block 3 ...... 107 Figure 16: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 11/14, Block 3 ...... 107 Figure 17: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Block 1 108 Figure 18: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Block 2 108 Figure 19: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Aunt Gyi West Ward , Block 3 ...... 109 Figure 20: Chemical Analysis of Pond Water, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala ...... 110 Figure 21: Chemical Analysis of Tube Well Water, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala ...... 111 Figure 26: Location of Roads to be Improved in Ward 7 ...... 113 Figure 27: Location of Roads to be Improved in Ward 10 ...... 113 Figure 28: Location of Movable Steel Waste Containers in Ward 7 Blocks 1 and 4 ...... 115 Figure 29: Location of Movable Steel Waste Containers in Ward 7 Block 19 ...... 115 Figure 30: Location of Movable Steel Waste Containers in Ward 10 Blocks 1 and 3 ...... 116

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CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of July 2017) Currency Unit Myanmar Kyat (MMK) $1.00 = K1,350

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ADB Asian Development Bank CBO Community-Based Organization CDC Community Development Committee DUHD Department of Urban and Housing Development EA Executing Agency EARF Environmental Assessment Review Framework EMP Environmental Management Plan IA Implementing Agency IC Implementation Consultant IR Involuntary Resettlement IP Indigenous People IEE Initial Environmental Examination JFPR Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction MONREC Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation MOC Ministry of Construction NAPA National Adaptation Programme of Action PIT Project Implementation Team PIU Project Implementation Unit PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit ROW Right of Way SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SWM Solid Waste Management TA Technical Assistance TDC Town Development Committee TOR Terms of Reference YCDC Yangon City Development Committee

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The project. The aim of the project is to reduce poverty and vulnerability in selected under-served communities in Dala Township and Hlaing Tharyar Township of Yangon City by providing sustainable improvements to community-level infrastructure such as local suburban roads, solid waste management and sanitation. The project will also establish a Community Operation and Maintenance Fund to provide a sustainable source of funding for community level operation and maintenance. 2. The road improvement sub-project will involve the construction of concrete paved roads to provide tertiary level roads within the selected blocks that are resilient to climate change and improve access for residents by reducing the amount of dust, runoff water and mud within the narrow roads. 3. The solid waste management sub-project will involve the placement of portable large steel tanks at designated locations within the ward that are picked up by trucks and taken to the transfer station or to the Htain Bin landfill. Concrete slab foundations will be provided at each of these locations upon which the tanks are placed. To support the expanded collection capacity, the sub-project will also provide eight motorcycle collection carts, and around 550 bins (240 litre capacity) to be distributed throughout the community. 4. The environmental footprint of these steel waste collection tanks and small waste bins within the ward is very small and any negative impact is negligible. The provision of waste bins and motorcycle collection carts will significantly reduce the volume of solid waste that is disposed of within the urban environment and improve general health and well-being. 5. The communal water treatment facilities sub-project will provide reliable small communal potable and domestic water facilities at seven man-made uncovered rain-fed water ponds within the selected wards within Dala. Seven small reverse osmosis water treatment plants located close to these water storage ponds, supported by their own generators will be constructed. 6. The drainage improvement sub-project involves clearing and lining a short 137 m section of drain that runs alongside the No.15 State Primary School, Hlaing Tharyar. The drain frequently blocks up during floods with rubbish from the nearby solid waste disposal site and food sellers operating at the school entrance. This sub-project will reduce the tendency of the drain to flood the school entrance and reduce the spread of vector borne diseases. 7. Institutional responsibilities. The Ministry of Construction is the Executing Agency (EA) for this project. It has engaged the Implementation Consultant (IC) to manage the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR) program and to collaborate with the implementing agency (IA), being the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC). 8. Screening and categorization. An Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) has been prepared for the project by ADB. The project has been classified as Category B for environment following the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS) as potential adverse environmental impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. This initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP, has been prepared in the context of the EARF. The sub-project sites are within a highly modified suburban environment and are not adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive area such as cultural heritage site, protected area, wetland, buffer zone of protected area, or special area for protecting biodiversity. 9. Under Myanmar’s Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (MONREC Notification No.616/ 2015), an IEE type project means a Project is judged by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) to have some adverse impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for EIA Type Projects. It means generally those projects which are limited in scope or size, have well known environmental

and social impacts that for the most part are temporary, local and reversible and have impacts which can be mitigated and managed by well-proven and available technologies and practices. 10. Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) shall apply for an ECC from MONREC. In compliance with this requirement, Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) submitted a proposal to initiate its application for an ECC for the sub-projects to be implemented under this project on 28 November 2016 to ECD-Yangon. On 18 January 2017, ECD-Yangon replied to YCDC that it is required to submit an EMP only for each of the two townships for the application of an ECC. Hence, after approval of this IEE by MOC and ADB, YCDC will submit two EMPs to ECD-Yangon, being one each for Dala and Hlaing Tharyar Township. 11. This IEE has identified the potential environmental impacts associated with the design, construction and operation of the suburban road improvement, community water treatment facilities, drainage, and solid waste management sub-projects in Hlaing Tharyar and Dala Townships. The type of impacts expected include localized vegetation clearance, minor earthworks such as excavation, spoil disposal and preparation of the block roads prior to pouring concrete, digging drainage lines and latrines and very small scale construction works. These impacts are assessed to be of the same scale as similar work currently undertaken by YCDC as part of the road improvement works within the same townships. Mitigation measures include the development of a spoil disposal plan, using and operating suitable machinery that comply with the emission and noise reduction regulations, having a solid waste and hazardous waste materials management plan and a health and safety plan in place. 12. These potential impacts can be managed and brought to acceptable levels through the implementation and effective monitoring of the EMP by the contractor and the project supervision consultant, who acts for and on behalf of MOC. 13. Consultation, participation and disclosure. Community consultation meetings convened by the Project Management Team were held in Aunt Gyi West Ward, Ward-6, Ward- 11/14 in Dala Township and Ward-7, Ward-10 in Hlaing Tharyar Township between 26 June and 2 July 2017. The purpose of the workshops was to provide an update on current project and environmental activities and general progress, the proposed road improvement design and construction, the management of solid waste, community water treatment facilities, community water treatment facilities, drainage, . The meeting also addressed the process for the initial environmental examination (IEE) incorporating the environmental and social safeguards and introduced the grievance redress mechanism (GRM). 14. It also provided the opportunity for the community participants to express any concerns and provide some feedback in relation to the project design. The participants, which included women and youth groups, expressed overwhelming positive support for the sub-projects. 15. Grievance redress mechanism. The community will be informed of the GRM, which has been developed in conjunction with the PMT, through a public awareness campaign and with the assistance of the CDC. A grievance redress committee (GRC) will be established in each target ward to receive and document all matters and issues of social and environmental concern from the local community. The process of lodging a concern or complaint and contact details of the construction contractor (CC) and Project Implementation Team (PIT) will be posted on a public notice board. There will be full and free access to the PIT and the site- based PSC and CDC. The community is encouraged to voice any concerns or complaints, and these are to be duly investigated and reported through to the CC. 16. Monitoring and reporting. During the period of project design, monitoring will ensure that (i) design measures are specified for any sensitive areas, (ii) bidding documents contain environmental requirements, and (iii) criteria for the selection of qualified contractors are clearly defined and followed. When construction commences, a key aspect of environmental monitoring is to ensure overall contractor compliance with the EMP. It also serves to assess the effectiveness of environmental mitigation and management measures. Monitoring of environmental impacts is also carried out during the construction and post-construction period

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with the assistance of the CDC. This measures environmental impacts to ensure that critical factors are not exceeded. It also helps to determine whether mitigation measures are effective or should be altered or improved to address the observed and measured change in impacts. 17. Conclusion. The overall finding of the IEE is that the project will not cause any significant adverse environmental impacts in this highly modified suburban setting and that any potential adverse impacts are manageable through the implementation of the EMP. No further environmental assessment is therefore required.

I.INTRODUCTION

1. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is funding proposed sub-projects under ADB Grant 9177-MYA (Pro-poor Community Infrastructure and Basic Services Project) for selected grant areas located in Dala Township and Hlaing Tharyar Township of Yangon City in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The grant was provided by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR), which is financed by the Government of Japan. 2. The aim of the project is to reduce poverty and vulnerability in selected under-served communities in Yangon City by providing sustainable improvements to community-level infrastructure such as local suburban roads, solid waste management and sanitation. The project will also establish a Community Operation and Maintenance Fund to provide a sustainable source of funding for community level operation and maintenance. 3. An Environmental Assessment and Review Framework (EARF) has been prepared for the project by ADB. The project has been classified as Category B for environment following the ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS) as potential adverse environmental impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. This initial environmental examination (IEE), including an EMP, has been prepared in the context of the EARF. The sub- project sites are within a highly modified suburban environment and are not adjacent to or within any environmentally sensitive area such as cultural heritage site, protected area, wetland, buffer zone of protected area, or special area for protecting biodiversity 4. This document provides an initial environmental examination (IEE) of the components of the project within the five selected wards in the two townships. The IEE has been prepared by the Department of Urban and Housing Development of the Ministry of Construction, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar following the requirements of the EIA Procedure (2015) of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

A. Objectives and Scope of the IEE 5. The overall objective of the assessment process is to identify impacts and measures to avoid, minimize/mitigate or compensate for them. The objectives of the IEE are to: • Assess the existing environmental conditions physical, biological and socio- economic—in the subproject area including the identification of environmentally sensitive areas; • Assess the proposed location, design, construction, and operation activities to identify and evaluate their potential impacts, and determine their significance; • Consult with stakeholders on the potential impacts and understand the issues and concerns about the impacts and how they might be affected; and • Propose appropriate mitigation and monitoring measures that can be incorporated into an environmental management plan (EMP) that will avoid or minimize adverse impacts so that residual impacts are reduced to acceptable levels. 6. The scope of the IEE includes the footprint of the project which is relatively small and the zone or area of influence of the project to ensure that secondary or indirect impacts can be identified and subsequently managed. The IEE is based on primary sources of information derived through field studies and consultations and secondary sources of information available in relevant reports.

II.DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Project Objectives 7. The aim of ADB Grant 9177 MYA: Pro-Poor Community Infrastructure and Basic Services (the Project) is to reduce poverty and vulnerability in selected under-served areas of Yangon City by reducing vulnerability to sanitation and environment-related diseases, making access to basic services easier by reducing the need to borrow money for investments in homes, including water and sanitation facilities, and improving the opportunity for the targeted population to participate in local and national economic development. The grant was received under the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR), which is financed by the Government of Japan. 8. The target areas for the project are determined in the Grant Implementation Manual (GIM) and are two specific townships in Yangon city, being Dala and Hlaing Tharyar Townships. 9. These are all community-level infrastructure projects. Community participation is an intrinsic element of the project and it is intended that some of the sub-project works can be undertaken through the procurement of community services and labour.

Figure 1: Map showing location of Yangon

B. The Proposed Project 10. The project has been assigned category B for environment according to ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS). The overall impact will be largely positive for the suburban environment by generally improving the living conditions, significantly improving all- weather road access by reducing the ponding of surface water during the wet season and reducing the volume of solid waste being discarded indiscriminately within the target blocks and wards.

11. The environmental management plan and mitigation measures will address the impacts associated with these sub-projects. The potential negative environmental impacts are localised and considered to be minimal within this highly modified suburban environment, being. These impacts will be temporary during construction and can easily be managed through environmental mitigation measures described in the EMP.

Figure 2: Map of Yangon City Showing Sub-Project Townships

C. Scope of the Project 12. The proposed sub-projects in Dala Township are located in Aunt Gyi West Ward, Ward 6 and Ward 11/14. These are i) improvements to community solid waste collection, and ii) community water treatment facilities. 13. The proposed sub-projects in Hlaing Tharyar Township are located in Ward 7 and Ward 10. These are i) community roads ii) improvements to the section of the road drainage near the No.15 State Primary School and ii) improvements to community solid waste collection.

D. Dala Sub-Projects

1. Solid Waste Management 14. This sub-project involves the construction of two new 3m x 3m covered concrete waste collection stations comprising an area of 45m2 each to replace the existing moribund and unserviceable concrete collection stations located on Bogyoke Street in Aunt Gyi West Ward and on Nyaung Gone Circular Street in Ward 11/14. The latter waste station will also serve Ward 6 due to the lack of available space within that ward. 15. The two proposed sites are on government-owned land managed by the Ministry of Construction (MOC), which has given its permission for the land to be used for the project and is in the process of handing over land management to YCDC. Both sites currently have existing concrete waste collection tanks in poor condition and will be improved or replaced by the project. These were constructed and are owned by YCDC, which has donated these existing structures to the project.

Figure 3: Location of the Target Wards in Dala Township

16. The solid waste management sub-project involves community mobilization and awareness raising activities including a clean-up campaign. It will also provide 15 motorcycle carts, two trolleys, and 962 plastic 240 litre capacity bins to supplement the existing solid waste collection efforts of the Dala Town Development Committee (TDC) Cleansing Department and to assist in reducing the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in the drains and waterways of the ward. 17. Communities will select waste collectors who will collect household waste for a small fee using the equipment provided by the project and deliver it to the waste collection station. From this point the Dala TDC dump trucks will transport the waste to the Dala dump site. The existing SWM system and the contributions that the sub-project will make are shown in Figure 4. 18. In addition to the physical elements of the sub-project the Capacity Development Programme will include training of communities and local government in solid waste management and environmental protection. 19. The site plan and location of the solid waste management collection stations within the wards is in Appendix 1: Dala Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project.

Figure 4: The Existing SWM System in Dala and the Contributions of the Sub-Project

§ Only Aunt Gyi West Ward and partly 11/14 Ward are providEed xwitsh dtoionr tgo d oSorW colMlect iosnystem § Only 1 concrete tank each is deployed in Aunt Gyi West and 11/14 Wards § No waste collection in Ward 6

Concrete House- Collections by Dala collection Compactor trucks holds motorcycle cart dumpsite stations

Renovation 3 Additional Additional Steel bins of 2 motorcycle compactor HDPE bins concrete carts truck stations

The Sub-Project

2. Community Water Treatment Facilities 20. This sub-project will provide reliable small communal potable and domestic water facilities at seven man-made uncovered rain-fed water ponds within wards Aunt Gyi West, 6, and 11/14. These ponds of variable size and capacity are the main source of domestic water in the wards and do not retain sufficient water for community needs during the dry season. River water was often pumped into the storage ponds during the dry season but this source has now become more saline. These facilities will greatly help address the issue of domestic water scarcity of the grant areas. 21. It proposes the construction of seven small reverse osmosis water treatment plants located close to the water storage ponds and supported by their own generators. Each treatment plant will take water from four tube wells located around the edges of the ponds. This involves drilling of four shallow tube wells (artesian bores of 18 - 20 m in depth with 50 mm diameter) and the construction of an elevated raw water tank within the storage pond area at each of the four bore sites. This raw water stored at each bore site will be available for domestic use such as cooking and laundry. Raw water will also be pumped up from the reservoir into the elevated raw water tank as a back-up when the underground supply is insufficient to meet the demand. 22. Raw water from the storage tank at each bore site will then be piped underground around the perimeter of the water storage pond to a new reverse osmosis water treatment plant to provide potable water. This will be available for communal collection from the storage tank adjacent to the treatment plant. The water storage pond will be fenced to prevent access by domestic stock and children. The waste water produced by the RO plant will be directed away from the plant and water storage pond by way of a drain to ensure the pond does not become contaminated. 23. The seven proposed sites for the Dala water treatment facility are on government- owned land managed by the Ministry of Construction (MOC) which has initiated the process of handing over the land to the management of YCDC. 24. The site plan and location of the community water treatment facilities within the wards is in Appendix 2: Dala Township Community Water Treatment Facilities Sub-Project.

Figure 5: Location of the Target Wards in Hlaing Tharyar Township

E. Hlaing Tharyar Sub-Projects

1. Road Improvement 25. This sub-project will improve tertiary roads within the five selected blocks in Wards 7 and 10. These roads are of generally poor quality and give rise to environmental problems such as dust, mud, ponding of surface water leading to the increased level of water-borne diseases, and noise from vehicles negotiating the uneven surface. 26. Road improvement will involve the construction of 13 concrete roads with a width of 3.65 m to replace the existing unsealed roads. A total length of 2306 m of new road will be constructed (see Table 1). In addition, 13 box culverts will be provided where needed in association with the road works. The construction of the roads can be achieved by working entirely within the carriageway width of 3.65 m so no impacts on any houses or other structures are anticipated. 27. Plans showing the location of the selected block roads to be improved within each ward is shown in Appendix 3: Hlaing Tharyar Township Road Improvement Sub-Project.

Table 1: Proposed Sub-Project Roads in Hlaing Tharyar Township

10 1 Zagawar Ma (1) Street 143.3 10 1 Zagawar Ma (2) Street 143.3 10 3 Padauk Street 314.0 10 9 Salin Street 111.9 10 9 Ngw Tha Zin Street 56.7 TOTAL 2306.0

2. Drainage Improvement 28. This sub-project involves the clearance and lining of a short 137 m section of drain in Ward 7, Block 19 which runs alongside the No.15 State Primary School and some vacant land. The drain frequently blocks up during floods with rubbish from the nearby solid waste disposal site and food sellers operating at the school entrance crossing. It is one of the outfalls for the drainage system in the locality and connects to major drainage canal. The drain will be cleaned out to a depth of 1.2 m with an inner dimension of 0.9 m. It will have a concrete outfall structure into the canal and the sides will be lined with concrete.

Figure 6: Location of Proposed Drain to be Improved

3. Solid Waste Management 29. This sub-project is intended to support and supplement the existing solid waste collection system of Hlaing Tharyar TDC in Wards 7 and 10. The current system is based on portable large steel tanks (6m x 3m x 2m) that are picked up by trucks and taken to the transfer station or to the Htain Bin landfill. An additional four portable steel tanks will be provided in Ward 7 and two in Ward 10. Concrete slab foundations will be provided at each of these locations upon which the tanks are placed. 30. To support the expanded collection capacity, the sub-project will also provide eight motorcycle collection carts, and around 550 bins (240 litre capacity) to be distributed throughout the community. This will allow residents to dispose of daily waste in a receptacle that can then be cleared by the Cleansing Department of Hlaing Tharyar TDC. The

environmental footprint of these steel waste collection tanks and small waste bins within the ward is very small and any negative impact is negligible. 31. The provision of waste bins and motorcycle collection carts will significantly reduce the volume of solid waste that is disposed of within the urban environment and improve general health and well-being. The impacts of the collection trucks will be limited to exhaust emissions and operating noise from the SWM vehicles and these will be transient for any locality. The existing SWM system and the contributions that the sub-project will make are shown in Figure 4. 32. In addition to the physical elements of the sub-project the Capacity Development Programme will include training of communities and local government in solid waste management and environmental protection. 33. The proposed locations of the steel solid waste collection tanks are shown in Appendix 4: Hlaing Tharyar Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project.

Figure 7 Existing SWM System in Hlaing Tharyar and the Sub-Project Contributions

§ Wastes dumped along streets are collected on call basis and wards pay for the collection. § Ward 7 has 11 concrete collection tanks and 1 steel collection tank. § Only 1 motorcycle cart assigned in Ward 10 with only 1 steel collection tank between Wards 9 and 10.

Limited collections Steel & House- Htein Pin HHs take waste to Concrete Hook-lift trucks holds dumpsite tanks tanks

7 Additional New HDPE 6 Additional motorcycle bins steel tanks carts

The Sub-Project

4. The Executing Agency 34. The Executing Agency (EA) for this project is the Ministry of Construction (MOC). It will engage an Implementation Consultant (IC), composed of international and national consultants, to manage the JFPR programs and to collaborate with the implementing agency (IA), being the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), to manage the preparation of the project components and procurement of additional experts, equipment, and services.

III.POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Policy Framework 35. The National Environment Policy was issued in 5 December 1994 to establish sound environment policies, utilization of water, land, forests, mineral, marine resources, and other natural resources in order to conserve the environment and prevent its degradation. The objective of Myanmar’s environmental policy is aimed at achieving harmony and balance through the integration of environmental considerations into the development process to enhance the quality of the life of all its citizens. 36. The development of the environmental policy was followed by the drafting of “Myanmar Agenda 21” in 1997, which follows a UN framework for a multi-pronged approach to sustainable development. Myanmar Agenda 21 calls for integrated management of natural

resources and provides a blueprint for achieving sustainable development and recognises the need for environmental impact assessment (EIA). 37. Under the 2008 Constitution, the government “shall protect and conserve the natural environment” (Chapter 1, Section 45). The national legislature can, but does not need to, enact laws to protect the environment and help restore areas degraded or damaged by mining and forestry activities or those that have experienced destruction of plants, wildlife, and habitat (Chapter 4, Section 96). State and Division Legislatures also have the power to regulate environmental protection, but within the boundaries of legislation passed by the National Legislature (Chapter 4, Section 196). In addition, every citizen has the duty to “assist” the government in carrying out environmental conservation (Chapter 8, Section 390). 38. Under the Environmental Impact Assessment Procedure (MONREC Notification No. 616/215) any project judged by the Ministry to have some adverse impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for EIA Type Projects, must have an IEE prepared. These projects are ones that are generally i) limited in scope or size, ii) have well known environmental and social impacts that for the most part are temporary, local and reversible, iii) have impacts which can be mitigated and managed by well-proven and available technologies and practices but with respect to which specific controls, measures and alternatives must be assessed, designed and implemented. This project satisfies these conditions and an IEE is therefore to be prepared.

B. Legal Framework 39. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 9/2012, also known as the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL), was enacted in 30 March 2012 to facilitate (i) implementation of the country’s National Environmental Policy, (ii) systematic integration of environmental conservation in the sustainable development process, (iii) healthy and clean environment and conservation of natural and cultural heritage, (iv) reclamation of degenerated and disappearing ecosystems, (v) management of natural resources for sustainable use, (vi) public awareness, (vii) international, regional and bilateral cooperation, and (viii) collaboration within different government departments and organizations, and with non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. The implementing rules are yet to be issued. 40. The Conservation of Water Resources and River Law (2006) prohibit pollution of water resources and specify penalties. This law is primarily concerned with river transportation and the regulation of river fishing and sewage discharge. It authorizes the Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems to determine dangerous water levels for towns; cooperate with relevant government departments and organizations to solve related problems; and guide the use river water for domestic and agricultural use. The law prohibits water pollution; prescribes terms and conditions for the monitoring and prevention of water pollution; and specifies penalties for those who pollute water. 41. A number of laws and policies concern the management of urban water resources. The Canal Act (1905, last amended in 1998) regulates the allocation of water for public purposes, water supply and drainage works. The Act permits all water in all rivers and streams flowing in natural channels as well as lakes and other national still water bodies to be used and controlled for public purposes. The Myanmar Embankment Act (1909, last amended in 1998) requires every owner or occupier of immovable property in the vicinity of an embankment to help maintain the embankment or to provide a labourer who can. The Act authorizes an embankment officer to enter into any immovable property in the vicinity of an embankment and take possession of, appropriate or remove and use any relevant materials for the purpose of such work. 42. The Underground Water Act (1930) deals with the conservation and protection of underground sources of water supply in Myanmar. The Protection of Wildlife and Natural Areas Conservation Law (1994) also specifies penalties for water pollution.

C. Administrative Framework 43. The enactment of the Environmental Conservation Law (2012) was followed in October 2012 by the establishment of the Environmental Conservation Department of the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry (MOECF) to: (i) implement the national environment policy; (ii) develop short, medium and long term strategy, policy and planning for the integration of environmental consideration into the sustainable development process; (iii) manage natural resources conservation and sustainable utilization; (iv) manage the pollution control on water, air and land for environmental sustainability; (v) cooperate with government organization, civil societies, private and international organizations for the environmental affairs. MOECF was later renamed as the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC). 44. Demonstrating the Government’s strong commitment to mainstreaming environmental assessments in the development process, Myanmar’s Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures was finally issued on 29 December 2015 as MONREC Notification No.616/ 2015. This was anchored on the Environmental Conservation Law (2012) which laid down the basic principles and guidance for systematic integration of the matters regarding environmental conservation in sustainable development process. In issuing the procedures, MONREC cited the exercise of its power conferred by sub-section (b) of Section 42 of the Environmental Conservation Law (2012). 45. This set of procedures requires all projects and project expansions which may cause impacts on environmental quality to carry out an IEE or EIA or to develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP), and then to submit to this to MONREC and apply for an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) before any project can commence. An ECC is defined under these procedures as a document having legal effect, through which MONREC approves an IEE Report, an EIA Report, or an EMP. 46. Based on the MONREC Notification No.616/ 2015 and information from MONREC’s Environmental Conservation Department (ECD), application for an ECC will involve the following: (i) project proponent shall submit a project proposal to ECD, (ii) ECD will screen the proposed project and will decide within 15 days if the project proponent will be required to submit an EIA report, IEE report, or an EMP only, (iii) project proponent will submit to ECD the required document for ECC application, (iv) ECD will review the submitted document and decide within 60 days whether to issue an ECC or not, (v) project proponent shall disclose the submitted document to project stakeholders including other interested parties, (vi) project proponent shall conduct public consultation/meetings, (vii) MONREC approved the submitted document and will issue an ECC with conditions to the project proponent. During implementation, the project proponent shall submit to ECD a monitoring report every 6 months. 47. Under Myanmar’s Environmental Impact Assessment Procedures (MONREC Notification No.616/ 2015), YCDC shall apply for an ECC from MONREC. In compliance with this requirement, Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) submitted a proposal to initiate its application for an ECC for the sub-projects to be implemented under this project on 28 November 2016 to ECD-Yangon. On 18 January 2017, ECD-Yangon replied to YCDC that it is required to submit an EMP only for each of the two townships for the application of an ECC. Hence, after approval of this IEE by MOC and ADB, YCDC will submit two EMPs to ECD-Yangon, being one each for Dala and Hlaing Tharyar Township.

D. Other Relevant Legislation and Policies 48. MONREC issued the National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines, as MONREC Notification No.615/ 2015 dated 29 December 2015. These guidelines provide the basis for regulation and control of noise and vibration, air emissions, and liquid discharges from various sources in order to prevent pollution with the aim of preventing or minimising adverse impacts to environmental quality or human health. It includes air emission level for industries, roads, mining, and solid waste management (SWM). In SWM, it describes the requirements and standards for waste water treatment facilities, sludge disposal, waste receipt, and land fill disposal. 49. The Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan1 has been developed to respond to the challenges and opportunities associated with climate change. The objectives are to increase the adaptive capacity of vulnerable communities and sectors so that they are resilient to the adverse impacts of climate change and to create and maximize use of opportunities for sectors to pursue a low carbon development pathway. Resilience to climate change as identified in this policy have been included in the design of the sub-projects. 50. The Myanmar National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change2 was developed in 2012. It provides a process for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) such as Myanmar to identify priority activities that will help the country to adapt to climate change impacts by building/enhancing the resilience of vulnerable communities.

E. Environmental Conventions, Treaties and Other Instruments. 51. The Republic of the Union of Myanmar has ratified or is a signatory to a number of environment-related international and regional commitments, and remains in general compliance with the spirit of such commitments. In particular, it has ratified both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. As a result of the latter, the Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan has now been developed. 52. These international conventions explicitly reference the application of an environmental assessment to address the effects of human activities on the environment. The Convention on Biological Diversity promotes the use of appropriate procedures requiring environmental impact assessment of proposed projects that are likely to have significant adverse effects on biological diversity. 53. Those conventions and treaties relevant to the project are listed in Table 2.

1 MoNREC (2017) Myanmar Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan. Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: The Republic of the Union of Myanmar. 2 Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar, 2012. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change.

Table 2: Relevant International Conventions and Treaties

 ASEAN Agreement on Conservation of Nature and Nature Resources, 1985.  Basel Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, 1989.  Rio Declaration on Environment and Development, 1992.  United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 1992.  United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), 1994.  International Tropical Timber Agreement, 1994.  United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, 1997.  Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) 1979  Kyoto Protocol to the Convention on Climate Change, 1997.  Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety to the CBD, 2000.  Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), 2001.  Ramsar Convention on Wet Lands 2005  The ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Framework on Climate Change: Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry towards Food Security (AFCC), 2009.  Paris Agreement to the UNFCCC, 2015.

F. ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 54. The goal of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 20093 (SPS) is to promote the sustainability of project outcomes by protecting the environment and people from any potential adverse impacts of the project. 55. The objectives of the SPS are to: (i) avoid adverse impacts of projects on the environment and affected people, where possible; (ii) minimize, mitigate, and/or compensate for adverse project impacts on the environment and affected people when avoidance is not possible; (iii) help borrowers/clients to strengthen their safeguard systems and develop the capacity to manage environmental and social risks. 56. The SPS contains three safeguard requirements; SR1: environment, SR2: involuntary resettlement, and, SR3: indigenous peoples. Each of the safeguard requirements comprises an objective, scope and triggers, and a set of policy principles that must be met. Each of the safeguard requirements follows a due diligence process of screening, categorization, scoping, consultation, impact assessment, management, and monitoring and reporting. Documentation of the due diligence is subject to disclosure as per the requirements of the Public Communications Policy 2011. 57. ADB will not finance projects that do not comply with the SPS and the host country’s social and environmental laws and regulations, including those laws implementing host country obligations under international law. The SPS also contains a prohibited activities list identifying specific activities that ADB will not finance. 58. As per SR1, the project has been screened as category B i.e. its potential adverse environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category A projects. These impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category A projects. In terms of level of environmental assessment, for category B projects, an IEE is required. This IEE identifies as far as practicable the various components of the project and makes an assessment of the potential

3 ADB 2009, Safeguard Policy Statement (Manila, Philippines)

adverse environmental impacts and identifies the measures required to mitigate or minimise them and summarises these in the environmental management plan (EMP).

IV.BASELINE INFORMATION

A. Physical Environment

1. Site Description 59. Dala Township. The township, among the poorest underserved areas in Yangon, is located on the southern bank of Yangon River directly across from Yangon CBD. It is bounded by the Yangon River in the north and east sides, the Twante Canal in the west and Twante Township in the south. Despite its strategic location, Dala township is largely rural and undeveloped mainly due to the absence of a bridge across the Yangon River to the downtown area. It can only be accessed by way of a 10-minute ferry ride across the Yangon River from the Pansodan Terminal. 60. The township has a total land area of 22.3 square kilometres and consists of 23 village tracts and 54 villages. 61. Hlaing Tharyar Township. The township is located in the north-western part of Yangon city, across the Hlaing River from the main part of the Yangon urban area. It shares borders with Htantabin Township in the north and west, Insein Township, Mayangon Township and Hlaing Township in the east across the Yangon River, and Twante Township in the south. 62. It was developed as a satellite town in the 1980s and parts of the township are well developed and are sought-after residential areas. Other parts are high-density low income housing areas with a poor quality of urban services. After the devastation of Typhoon Nargis in 2008, Hlaing Tharyar experienced an influx of a large number of refugees who had lost their homes. 63. The main national road heading to Pathein and other south-western parts of Myanmar passes through Hlaing Tharyar. The township has a total land area of 67.4 square kilometres and consists of 20 wards and 9 village tracts.

2. Topography and Soils 64. Yangon is located in the Delta agro-ecological zone which is dominated by lowland rice cultivation. It lies at the south-eastern edge of an extensive alluvial fan which forms the Ayeyarwady River delta system. The low lying flat topography of the delta is predominantly comprised of clays, sands and loams. 65. Both townships lie in the moderate seismic and tsunami hazard zone with a Modified Mercalli Scale of 7. They lie around 30 km from the Gulf of Martaban. Dala has an elevation of around 5 - 7 m above mean sea level, while Hlaing Tharyar is around 5 - 10 m above mean sea level.

3. Climate 66. Yangon has a tropical wet and dry climate with a wet season from May through October and a dry season from November to April. The average annual temperature is 27.3°C, with a variation of average monthly temperature of 5.6°C. The hottest month is April and the coolest is January. 67. Most of the precipitation falls between June and September, with an average annual rainfall of 2378 mm.

Table 3: Annual Temperature and Precipitation

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Av. Temp (°C) 24.8 26.2 28.3 30.3 29.4 27.3 26.9 26.8 27.2 27.7 27.2 25.1 Min. Temp (°C) 18.0 18.9 21.3 24.1 25.2 24.5 24.3 24.2 24.3 24.1 22.6 19.2 Max. Temp (°C) 31.6 33.6 35.4 36.6 33.6 30.2 29.5 29.4 30.1 31.3 31.8 31.0 Rainfall (mm) 3 4 19 24 302 516 468 503 305 172 50 12

Source: Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.

4. Issues of Climate Change 68. Myanmar is highly vulnerable to climate change and extreme weather events and is ranked in second place as the most affected countries affected by climate change in the period 1995-20154. This heightens the risks and vulnerabilities for the rural poor, and particularly women and children and other vulnerable groups, a challenge for which local communities are still unprepared. 69. The observed evidence of change over the last 60 years includes a nationwide increase in temperature of on average around 0.08°C per decade and an increase in total rainfall (29 - 215 mm per decade). Importantly, changes in the duration of the monsoon season have been observed as well as the recurrence and severity of extreme weather events. 70. Projected climate change and vulnerability for Myanmar for the period 2001 to 2100 include5: • An increase in the prevalence of drought events. Drought years were frequent in the 1980s and the 1990s, and there was a severe drought in 2010 • An increase in intensity and frequency of cyclones/strong winds. Recent notable cyclones include Cyclone Mala (2006), Nargis (2008) and Giri (2010). • Increasing rainfall variability including erratic and record-breaking intense rainfall events during the wet season. Over the period 1960-2009, there were shorter rainfall seasons in combination with erratic and intense rainfall resulted in numerous flooding events. • An increase in the risk of flooding and storm surge resulting from a late onset and early withdrawal of monsoon events. July and August 2015 flooding and landslides displaced 1.6 million people caused almost 120 deaths, and damaged agriculture and infrastructure. • An increase in extreme high temperatures particularly from December to May. Higher temperatures will reduce the development time for pathogens and thereby increase transmission rates e.g. mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue will increase. • Sea-level rise. Between 2001 and 2010, sea-level rise in coastal areas caused the inundation of cultivated lands and contamination of ground water. This will have an impact on the ground water aquifers used as a source of drinking water in the townships.

5. Water Resources 71. Dala. Four streams, Kamar Aung, Dawthar, Alan Ngu and Tha Khut flow from south to north into the Yangon River through the Dala Township. Kamar Aung is the stream that flows through the sub-project sites.

4 Kreft, S, Eckstein, D and Melchior. I. Germanwatch Global Climate Risk 2017. 5 Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry, Myanmar, 2012. National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) to Climate Change.

72. The majority of the population rely on rainwater harvesting, hand-dug shallow wells and buying from water vendors which may take up to 10% of household income. Since 2000, the local community constructed several water ponds with assistance from the Irrigation Department of Dala Township. There are ten ponds located in Aunt Gyi West Ward, six ponds in Ward 6 and ten ponds in Ward 11/14. 73. A chemical analysis of the pond water and tube well from Aunt Gyi West Ward was undertaken by the YCDC Health Department on 17 October 2016. It showed that the pH value (pH 6.9) in the pond water at was lower than the highest desirable level, but within the permissible level for water while all the other parameters measured were within the acceptable range. However, in the tube well, the total solid, total hardness and chloride are more than the highest desirable level but within the maximum permissible level indicating the water is slightly brackish. The complete chemical analysis reports are in Appendix 2. 74. Hlaing Tharyar. The main surface waters are the Hlaing River and Pan Hlaing River. People are dependent on the water supply supplied through a pipeline from a water pumping station of Htantapin Township, located around 3 km away using a 300 mm diameter concrete pipe. Some 1046 households use individual tube wells with 82 households using community wells.

B. Biological Environment

1. Flora and Fauna 75. The natural environment in both townships has been extensively modified by urban development as a result of inward migration over many decades. Immediately beyond its residential and commercial areas are cultivated strips of land dominated by rice paddies. 76. Naturally growing tree species can be seen along the bank of the streams in both townships. These include thamei (Avicennia officinalis), lamu (Arytera littoralis), khayar (Acanthus ebracteatus) and dani (Nypa fruticans). Observed sparsely planted tree species include teak (Tectona grandis), kokko (Albizia lebbek), aurisha (Acacia auriculiformis) and eucalypt (Euclyptus camaldulensis). 77. The townships do not contain any large endemic fauna and is limited to domesticated species commonly associated with human habitation such as cows (Bos indicus), goats (Capra hircus), pigs (Sus domesticus), chicken (Gallus gallus), ducks (Anas platyrbynchos), goose (Anser cygnoides), including other mammals (rats), reptiles (lizards, geckos) and birds.

2. Rare and Endangered Species 78. With no natural forests, habitat or ecological areas remaining within the highly modified environment within the Yangon city limits, there are no rare or critically endangered species recorded.

C. Socio-Economic Environment

1. Population 79. Dala. Based on the 2014 census6, the population of Dala Township was 172,857. The three wards selected as target areas in Dala Township are Aunt Gyi West, Ward 6, and Ward 11/14 and have a total population of 14,306 comprised of 3,371 households (Table 4). The population of the target blocks that will directly benefit from the proposed sub-projects is 11,886 comprised of 2,755 households (Table 5).

6 Ministry of Immigration and Population, Population and Housing Census 2014

80. There are three ethnic minority groups in the target wards in Dala. These are Kayin, Rakhine and Chin and represent a combined total of 17 households out of a total of 2,755 (0.6% of the total households). The ethnic minorities are show in Table 6.

Table 4: Population of Target Wards, Dala

Ward Households Population Male Female Aunt Gyi West Ward 1,314 5,680 2,866 2,814 Ward 6 610 2,352 1,180 1,172 Ward 11/14 1,447 6,274 3,054 3,220 Total 3,371 14,306 7,100 7,206

Source: Ward administrators

Table 5: Population of Target Blocks, Dala

Ward Block Houses Households Population Aunt Gyi West Ward 1 542 599 2,647 2 272 296 1,301 3 367 419 1,732 Sub-Total 1,181 1,314 5,680 Ward 6 1 98 120 419 2 124 138 530 3 256 275 1,086 Sub-Total 478 533 2,035 Ward 11/14 1 678 706 3,325 3 183 202 846 Sub-Total 861 908 4,171 Total 2,520 2,755 11,886

Source: Ward administrators

Table 6: Ethnic Minority Populations in Target Blocks, Dala

Ward Block No. Total No. of Ethnic Group No. of HHs HHs (Ethnic) Aunt Gyi West Ward 1 599 Kayin 3 Rakhine 2 Chin 1 Kachin 1 2 296 - 3 419 Kayin 3 Ward 6 1 120 Rakhine 1 2 138 Rakhine 5 3 275 - Ward 11/14 1 706 Kayin 1 3 202 -

TOTAL 2,755 17

Source: Ward administrators

81. Hlaing Tharyar. Based on the 2014 census7, the population of Hlaing Tharyar Township was 687,867. The two wards selected in Hlaing Tharyar are Ward 7 and Ward 10 and have a total population of 45,195 comprised of 10,336 households (Table 7). The population of the target blocks that will directly benefit from the proposed sub-projects is 12,981 comprised of 2,696 households (Table 8).

Table 7: Population of Target Wards, Hlaing Tharyar

Ward Households Population Male Female Ward 7 7,040 30,158 13,846 16,312 Ward 10 3,296 15,037 6,990 8,047 Total 10,336 45,195 20,836 21,659

Source: Ward administrators

Table 8: Population of Target Blocks, Hlaing Tharyar

Ward Block Houses Households Population Ward 7 1 145 265 1,515 4 165 522 2,071 19 650 711 4,793 Sub-Total 960 1,498 8,379 Ward 10 1 366 550 1,625 3 269 329 1,706 9 279 319 1,271 Sub-Total 914 1,198 4,602 Total 1,874 2,696 12,981

Source: Ward administrators

82. There are six ethnic minority groups in the target wards in Hlaing Tharyar. These are Kayin, Rakhine, Chin, Mon, Kachin and Shan and represent a combined total of 1,110 households out of a total of 10,336 (10.7% of the total households). The ethnic minorities are show in Error! Reference source not found..

2. Economic Development 83. Dala township is directly just across the Yangon River from the central business district of Yangon city and provides a ready source of labour. It is served by ferries and small private boats carrying passengers across the Yangon River. The communities in the township were part of the planned government resettlement program in the 1980s. Since then it has also seen an influx of migrants who stay in informal settlements. 84. The township has an area of around 22,340 ha of which around 18,700 ha (83%) is cultivated rice paddies which produce more rice than required for local consumption. There are two dockyards with 380 labourers.

7 Ministry of Immigration and Population, Population and Housing Census 2014

85. Hlaing Tharyar township was established in July 1989 as a resettlement site for people from Yangon affected by fire. The majority (79%) of the 6,740 ha of the township is designated as urban and 20% is industrial zone8. It is easily accessible by road from Yangon City and the wider Ayeyarwady region by large bridges across the Hlaing River with spans greater than 500 m such as the Bayintnaung, Aungzeya, Shweyithar, and Panhlaing. 86. As part of the economic development of the Yangon area, industrial zones for garments and light industries have been established along the banks of the Pan Hlaing River. Four industrial areas (Olympic, Anawyahtar, Shwethanlwin, Shwelanpan) have manufacturing facilities producing various products such as garments, processed timber and beer9. These factories have generated employment opportunities for people mostly from the Ayeyarwady region. Foreign direct investments are also seen in the establishment of the international Pan Hlaing Golf Course and the Pan Hlaing Hospital. The Victoria Shopping Mall, was established to cater to the shopping needs of the area. 87. Telecommunications services of both townships are provided by Myanmar Post and Telecommunications, Telenor, and Ooredoo. The Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise supplies the electric power requirement of the project area with power supply from the national grid.

Table 9: Ethnic Minority Populations in Target Wards, Hlaing Tharyar

Ward Total No. of HHs Ethnic Group No. of HHs (Ethnic) Ward 7 7,040 Rakhine 148 Kayin 139 Kachin 63 Mon 90 Chin 75 Shan 45 Ward10 3,296 Rakhine 300 Kayin 200 Chin 50 10,336 1,110

Source: Ward administrators’ estimates

3. Public Health 88. The main health risks in Myanmar include limited clean drinking water and poor sanitation services. The poor living standards assist the spread of vector-borne diseases (e.g. diarrhoea, cholera, influenza, malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever and tuberculosis). The sub- project on solid waste management will assist in addressing these health risks within the selected wards of the two townships. 89. Both townships have health facilities. Dala Township has three hospitals. One 25-bed hospital is located in the urban area, while two others with 16-bed capacity are located in Pyawbwe village tract and Yakhine Chaung village tract. Hlaing Tharyar has a 25-bed government hospital and a private Pan Hlaing Hospital.

8 ibid 9 General Administration Department, Hlaing Tharyar

4. Education 90. Dala has eight state high schools, seven state middle schools, 60 state primary schools, and 29 monastery education centers. There are no universities and colleges in Dala. 91. Hlaing Tharyar has eight state high schools, 18 state middle schools, 32 state primary schools, and the Yangon (West) University of Technology.

5. Cultural 92. In Myanmar, some of the prominent physical cultural resources are those associated with religion such as the temples and monasteries. Dala Township is typical of this situation with its 38 pagodas, 87 monasteries, seven centres for nuns, and 87 temples. The Kyaik Danout Pagoda is one of the most prominent and is located on the road from Dala to Kaw Hmu Township. 93. Unlike Dala, which is an old township, Hlaing Tharyar was only founded in July 1989 as a resettlement site and do not have prominent structures associated with religion.

V.ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

94. The IEE provides an analysis of anticipated impacts associated with the construction of the tertiary roads within the selected three wards in the two townships. Environmental safeguard measures have been incorporated in the Project as follows: i. Design and preconstruction phase, the period before the actual construction starts and designs are being prepared. This allows the designers to incorporate the environmental management plan (EMP) in the project design, technical specifications and contract documentations; ii. Construction phase, the period from the time that the “Notice to Proceed” is given to the contractor and when the “Certificate of Completion” is issued. The contractor would construct the project as per the design and technical specifications and implement the EMP; iii. Operation and maintenance phase, the period starting when the “Certificate of Completion” has been issued by MOC. 95. The most significant impacts expected to arise from the project are major improvements to public health and the quality of life in the townships from the provision of roads, potable and domestic water supply and the improvement in household and community level sanitation and drainage facilities as a result of improvements to solid waste management.

A. Method of Assessment of Anticipated Impacts 96. Potential impacts have been assessed by means of site visits, discussions with local authorities, design engineers and the use of secondary sources of information. This section summarises the potential environmental impacts and required mitigation measures associated with the development of the proposed subprojects and these are incorporated into the EMP.

B. Impacts in Design and Pre-Construction Phase 97. Roads. The design and pre-construction phase will include a number of investigations and surveys to obtain technical information to go into the design for the relevant sub-projects. A topographic survey of each of the sub-project roads and culvert locations will be made to determine relative elevations. As this does not require any site disturbance, there are no impacts to consider. 98. Rainfall variability including erratic and record-breaking intense rainfall events and an increase in the occurrence of flooding as a result of documented climate change impacts will be factored into the design to ensure the long term effectiveness of the sub-project. Mitigation

measures will include ensuring the road is raised above the level of the side drains so that surface water will flow laterally into the side drains that run along each side of the road frontage. 99. The design of the concrete pavement will improve lateral drainage, with surface water runoff and reduce the amount of localised ponding within low points along the tertiary roads. The disposal of surplus spoil not required to balance cut and fill within the pavement area may affect house sites or the local hydrology in terms of surface water run-off into existing drainage infrastructure outside of the block or ward boundary. Designated sites must be identified and approved in consultation with YCDC and the community prior to construction. The construction contractor will provide a detailed schedule of the location of approved spoil disposal sites within each township and will assume responsibility for ensuring only these sites are used. Monitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program. 100. The improvement of the side drains along the road within the blocks will not be part of the sub-project intervention as it would require a complex review of the entire ward and township drainage system. Many of the side drains are unformed or edged with timber and bamboo. The construction of the concrete pavement in these locations will not impact the existing unformed drains as they are located outside the footprint of the road. Care will be required when operating machinery near the drains. 101. As the roads will be paved within an existing highly modified suburban environment, there are no specific impacts on the biological environment that require special consideration. Most streets have local and exotic tree species planted to provide shade and improve the aesthetic appeal within the community. These will not require removal as they lie outside the design pavement width however limited trimming of overhanging branches may be necessary to ensure the machinery can operate within the road pavement area. Any trimming of overhanging branches must only be done in consultation with the CDC and all efforts will be made to minimise the extent of branch trimming in order to maintain the aesthetic appeal. Monitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program. 102. There is no provision for compensation as the project is categorised C for both involuntary resettlement (IR) and indigenous people (IP) impacts per ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement, 2009 (SPS). The road sub-project will be implemented within the existing Right of Way (ROW) on suburban streets within the two township wards, so there will be no displacement of people or existing houses and legal structures. 103. Solid waste management. The portable steel waste bins to be used in Hlaing Tharyar will be placed on concrete pads to be constructed adjacent to the road in locations already agreed upon by the YCDC and the community. The bins, similar to what the YCDC are already using, are a mitigation measure to reduce the volume of solid waste deposited in the side drains and vacant land. The bins and the concrete pad upon which they are placed have no environmental impact as a result of their location. However, community considerations will be required to ensure these are appropriately sited with due regard to cultural or community related factors. The construction of new concrete waste collection stations in Dala will replace the existing facilities on the same site. 104. The solid waste already at these designated site will require removal and disposal by YCDC and the site adequately drained prior to the any new construction works. Any residual or waste concrete will require proper disposal. 105. Water treatment facilities. The position of the tube wells must be determined prior to any drilling activity to ensure they are in the appropriate place and do not have any impact on or are impacted by the movement of people or traffic. The proposed pipeline location will be surveyed to ensure it does not extend into the road way or is impacted by other users or potential community activities. The location of the RO plant must be agreed upon and suitable

for the operation of the facility and access by the community. The location of the waste water from the RO plant must ensure that it does not enter the water storage pond. 106. Drainage. The lined drain outside the school in Hlaing Tharyar will consider the impact on the school access and the presence of students and parents entering the school grounds. As the drain is already existing, and only requiring lining, the timing of the work for the construction of the short section of drain can coincide with the end of the school term to avoid disruption to the school environment. 107. General. A construction project within a community may result in a wide range of social impacts as a result of the activities. To mitigate the community concerns about the project, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) involving a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) based on community representation will be established to deal with any community or individual concerns related to the sub-project prior to the commencement of works. Training of committee members will be required and supported to ensure they are familiar with the process of grievance redress. 108. The community will be advised of the GRM through a public awareness campaign and by way of the block and ward administrators and the GRC. The process of lodging a concern or complaint and contact details of the CC and Project Monitoring Team (PMT) will be identified on a public notice board. The GRM is described more fully in Section 8. 109. There may be some community concerns in respect of the construction program methodology. As a first priority, a set of protocols will be established and agreed upon with the ward administrators and the community development committee (CDC) to determine the social and cultural parameters for working within the community. These protocols will form part of the contractual obligations of the construction contractor (CC). 110. Construction activities are scheduled for the period from September 2017 to March 2018. As community participation is an intrinsic element of the project, all concerns will be assessed and incorporated into the design to the extent practicable. 111. The construction of a temporary facility to provide shelter and rest area for the workers will require a designated area of land for the duration of the project. This is anticipated to be a small temporary structure covered with a tarpaulin placed outside of the block roads and preferably at the outside of the ward boundary so that it has no impact on the use of land or services by the local residents. This will include the provision of portable latrines sufficient for the anticipated number of the work force from outside of the ward. The location of this temporary facility site will be identified in conjunction with the CDC and CC at the design stage. 112. During the construction period, heavy machinery and drilling equipment will be parked temporarily near the sub-project on vacant land or along road sides and may affect the movement of local pedestrians and vehicles through or around the wards. Suitable sites for the lay-down or parking of vehicles and equipment will be identified by the CDC and the respective block, ward and township administrators prior to construction to ensure these are not placed on or near any areas utilised by the community or areas of cultural significance. 113. The presence of construction workers from outside and within the township wards can increase the risk of highly contagious communicable and/or sexually transmitted diseases. In order to reduce the likelihood of the spread of highly contagious diseases and STI/HIV/AIDS to the community, measures to mitigate this will include a requirement to have an awareness campaign for construction personnel and residents prior to mobilisation and for it to be included as an integral part of the tender document. 114. There may be community concerns about the impact of additional construction personnel from outside township community on specific religious and cultural sensitivities. Measures to mitigate these concerns include a requirement for all construction personnel to have a full site induction prior to the commencement of any works within the townships to raise awareness of any religious and cultural matters while working on the sub-project. This

induction will be carried out with the assistance of block, ward and townships administrators and CDC and other ward representatives.

C. Impacts in Construction Phase 115. Roads. Concrete will be mixed at existing commercial batching plants within Yangon and moved by concrete truck to the roads under construction. Due to the potential impact on access during construction, it is intended that one side of the road at a time will be poured to allow access for motorbikes, cars and pedestrians to their houses. The sequencing of this work will be done in consultation with the ward administrators and the residents within each road. 116. Solid waste management. The construction works in Dala for the two new 3m x 3m covered concrete waste collection stations comprising an area of 45m2 involve excavating the site to form a concrete pad and side walls which will be covered with a structure to prevent rain from falling onto the refuse. In Hlaing Tharyar, the construction works will only involve the preparation of a concrete pad in the designated place upon which the portable tanks will be placed by the truck from the YCDC Cleansing Department. The impact from the construction of the concrete pads for the steel waste tanks is considered negligible and can be addressed by the general EMP prepared for road construction. 117. Water treatment facilities. The proposed treatment technology to be used is a cartridge-type reverse osmosis (RO) system. The first stage of the RO system is a filtration unit capable of removing sand and small particles. The second stage is a carbon filter for removing organics, odor, smell, turbidity, etc. The heart of the RO system is the RO membrane capable of removing bacteria, dissolved metal, chemicals, salt, other minerals and dissolved matter in the water. This is followed by a sediment filter and water disinfection units consisting of a UV sterilizer and ozone generator. Rejected water from the RO system will be discharged into the drain so that it does not flow back into the storage pond. Most of the impacts will be as a result of the construction of the facility and these are addressed by the EMP. 118. The pipes from the raw water storage tanks located around the perimeter of the pond to the RO plant will be dug by hand to a depth of no less than 300mm below ground level to prevent damage from vehicles or other activity. 119. Drilling of the tube well near the storage pond may have an impact on the water quality within the pond as a result of the discharge of drilling materials into the pond area. The volume of drilling material and liquids from the 50mm diameter drill hole to a depth of around 20m is not considered to be significant Mitigation measures to prevent the accidental spillage of drilling material into the ponds include isolating the drill site with an earth bund or silt fences to contain any material from the tube well site. The drilling compounds will be kept in a self- contained system and any waste material must be removed from the storage pond area. This will be addressed by the CEMP. 120. Drainage. The short section of drain will be cleaned out by hand to a depth of 1.2 m with an inner dimension of 0.9 m. The soil will be used for backfill of the sidewalls and the solid waste material will be disposed of in the solid waste disposal tanks. It will be lined by concrete and lead to a concrete outfall structure into the canal. Concrete will be supplied by truck from a batching plant.

1. Earth Works 121. There are no significant effects on the wider off-site physical environment as a result of the construction works as there is extensive urban development in all directions of the sub- projects in each ward. 122. Localised impacts as a result of earth works may include damage to the small lined and un-lined side drains that run along the frontage of each allotment, especially within narrow roads. Mitigation measures include ensuring that the pavement preparation works occur only

within the surveyed road alignment and the area subject to soil disturbance is minimised in all other sub-projects. 123. The roots of trees along the ward roads will generally extend to the edge of the canopy of the tree. As these trees overhang the road alignment, tree roots may be damaged during excavation of the pavement area resulting in potential for injury or decay of the tree. While all efforts will be made to minimise the removal of the main root system of the tree during excavation of the pavement area, the potential for damage to the concrete pavement may occur in the future as tree roots develop and lift or crack the pavement. This risk will be discussed with the block and ward administrators and CDC as required. 124. Site preparation using construction machinery within narrow confined roads can result in unexpected loss of fuels, oils and hydraulic fluids from broken pressurised hydraulic hoses onto the ground or near the water storage containers, drains, driveways of the residents with consequential contamination of the soil and the inadequate drainage channels along the house frontage. This may lead to hydrocarbons entering the wider surface water drainage system and contaminate groundwater resources and a potential fire risk within the confined urban environment. Mitigation measures include conducting pre-start daily inspections of all hydraulic lines and fuel lines on construction machinery and equipment prior to daily movement into the sub-project roads and storing such machinery outside the confines of the block and ward internal road system at the end of each working day. This will be identified and form part of the CC’s operating procedures contained within the CEMP.

2. Disposal of Spoil 125. The excavation of the pavement area will generate spoil that must be removed and disposed of in a predetermined and approved location when it is surplus to the requirements or unsuitable to balance the amount of fill on the sub-project roads. This spoil may result in blockage of side drains or impede the flow of surface water runoff to side drains or water storage ponds. 126. Sites for spoil disposal have yet to be confirmed and may involve raising levels of degraded unpaved roads in the vicinity of the sub-project ward and where this has been approved by MCDC, CDC and the respective block, ward and township administrators. 127. The Contractor will provide a detailed Construction EMP which will identify the means and method of spoil disposal. The Contractor will prepare and sign an agreement with the block, ward and township administrators that shows the spoil disposal plan for each township and forward a copy to the PSC and PMU for approval. Any variations to the method and location of disposal must be specifically approved by PSC prior to making any changesMonitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out during site preparation works by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program.

3. Air Quality 128. There is no relevant base line data for air quality in the two townships. There are no anticipated long term impacts on air quality from the physical works component. However, exhaust emissions will be generated from construction machinery and vehicles and this is of particular concern as this can cause respiratory issues to residents, particularly the elderly and the very young, who live in close proximity to each other within the narrow confines of the block roads where houses are built right up to the right ROW. The exhaust fumes can enter the rooms facing the road and increase the build-up of carbon monoxide and fumes, especially where machinery is idling on the road. 129. Mitigation measures will include: i) the use and operation of fully maintained vehicles and diesel equipment that have been certified as compliant with local air quality legislation prior to mobilisation to each project site, ii) avoiding unnecessary operation of vehicles and equipment, iii) turning off all machinery when not in immediate use to avoid the build up of toxic fumes within the confines of the narrow block roads and iv) advising residents to close

doors and windows and to remove laundry from the road frontage when machinery is operating within the block road.

4. Dust Control 130. Potential sources of dust generation on the sub-project roads sites include i) activity associated with the excavation and dumping of spoil from the pavement area and placement of fill material to level the road alignment ii) the movement of machinery on the bare areas along the narrow roads during excavation and pouring of concrete onto the prepared area from concrete trucks. 131. Dust produced during excavation works during the dry season can be a significant issue for the residents within the narrow streets, especially in those roads where houses have been constructed right up to the road frontage of the property. Dust can permeate throughout the entire house and affect the residents, particularly the elderly and the very young and those with respiratory illnesses. 132. Dust mitigation measures will include the application of water from water trucks or sprinklers onto the dry road surface during preparation. This work is initiated before visible dust is suspended in the air and affecting households along the road from construction activity. The residents will be advised by the CC and the CDC to close windows and doors

5. Waste Management 133. The guiding principle to be adopted will be to remove all inorganic and solid waste generated from the construction of the roads within the wards. There may be some exceptions where surplus concrete from each section of road being poured may be used for fill material within the pavement area or utilised for fill for the construction of nearby community facilities or houses. This will be done in consultation with the ward administrators and CDC for each road at the appropriate time. 134. The volume of solid construction waste from the sub-project is not considered to be significant and will be generally less than the volume of daily household waste produced in each ward. However, the use of any community domestic household waste receptacles for construction waste will not be permitted in order to avoid the risk of these facilities being over- extended. 135. There are generally no public latrines within the construction area and the contractor will need to provide suitable portable latrines for the workers. These will need to be placed near the active construction site in places approved by the CDC. 136. All construction and general waste generated by the project will be removed daily from the site by the contractor and disposed of in a designated MCDC waste disposal area. The contractor will provide a detailed waste management plan as part of the contractor EMP (CEMP) to be prepared as part of the tender document. Waste management measures to mitigate the impact of solid waste and sewage at the project site include: • Remove all waste hydrocarbons and filters in appropriate storage containers and remove daily from the site. • Remove all inorganic solid waste include steel, formwork, fittings, pipes, hydraulic hoses, tyres and any other spare parts used with construction equipment as soon as practicable. • Liquid wastes are not to be disposed of within the ward drainage system. • Washing out of concrete trucks is not permitted within the wards. Any waste concrete is to be disposed of in appropriate disposal area. • Install a portable toilet facility with an appropriate self-contained sewage tank for use by construction workers in all sites during the construction period.

6. Storage and Handling of Hydrocarbons 137. Hydrocarbons (fuel, lubricants and solvents) temporarily stored, dispensed and used during construction works by vehicles and plant and equipment pose a potential hazard to the suburban environment, communities as well as the township drainage system if leakage or spillage occurs. The storage of hydrocarbons required for construction works will not be permitted within the township and will be supplied on a daily basis by special fuel trucks or service vehicles. 138. Extreme care is required to ensure there are no accidental spills or likelihood of uncontrolled combustion which may result in the extensive and rapid spread of fire throughout the ward and consequential personal injury or loss of life and residential property. 139. Measures to minimise or prevent the environmental impacts of accidental spillage of hydrocarbons include: • A comprehensive site induction prepared by the contractor, with input from the ward administrators and CDC, will be required for all construction personnel involved with the project. • Development of procedures for cleaning up and reporting of accidental spills. • Refuelling of vehicles and machinery will not be permitted within the block perimeter to reduce the likelihood of spillage, pollution of the internal drainage system and reduce the potential for uncontrolled combustion near houses. • Vehicles and machinery will be refuelled by authorized and trained personnel only in designated areas to reduce the likelihood of spillage. Spill kits will be made available on all refuelling and service vehicles in the case of accidental spillage. • Drip trays will be used during refuelling or servicing to prevent spillages onto the ground. • Vehicle and machinery maintenance and servicing will not be permitted within the ward boundaries. Collection, disposal and removal of all waste oil, filters to the designated disposal site.

7. Site De-commissioning and Rehabilitation 140. Site decommissioning and rehabilitation activities will be progressive and upon completion of construction works within each block. It will include the removal of all construction material, used or unused, and residual solid waste. All efforts will be made to engage local labour to undertake the site decommissioning works and where practicable, the use of women’s or community groups.

8. Use of Water 141. Potable and fresh water is a scarce commodity at most project sites, especially during the construction season when precipitation is limited. Construction activities may impact on the supply of stored water in ponds within the township. There may be insufficient water within the villages to rely on any stored water for construction related activities, including the cleaning of concrete trucks and other vehicles and machinery. 142. Mitigation measures to ensure the project does not impact on the stored water supply include i) the contractor to be self sufficient in the supply and storage of all fresh and potable water. ii) use only stored water from designated ponds for dust suppression as required only with the express approval of block, ward and township administrators and CDC. iii) stored water is not to be used for washing out concrete trucks. iv) vehicles and machinery are not to be cleaned near any stored water ponds.

9. Traffic Management 143. The construction activity will temporarily impede traffic flow and reduce parking for resident’s vehicles in front of their house during the construction period. In order to limit the inconvenience to local traffic movement, road construction will be undertaken along one side of the road at a time in order to permit access to residents’ houses. 144. Warning signs will be provided to indicate which side of the road is being prepared and to prevent access onto the active section of road under construction. The involvement of the CDCs will be critical in liaising with contractors and residents to ensure the efficient completion of the road. 145. Construction around the water treatment facility involving the drilling of the tube wells and pipe laying may also temporarily affect access locally to water storage ponds and impede traffic flow. Mitigation measures involve working at one tube well site at a time until it is completed before proceeding to the next one around the water storage pond. Similarly, appropriate warning signs will be erected to prevent access to the work site.

10. Health and Safety 146. Occupational health and safety (OHS) risks of construction works represent a potential hazard to the residents as a result of the movement of construction within the confined roads in the blocks. The working area within the ward blocks is small and the movement of residents and their means of transport will require a level of coordination between the contractor and the residents. 147. Risk to both construction personnel and residents can be mitigated by having a clear health and safety policy and an emergency response plan. In order to minimise health and safety risks, the Contractor will provide the PMU with a comprehensive and relevant OHS Plan which will: a. Define responsibilities and authorities within the Contractor’s staff for adhering to safety and health requirements. b. Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for all full time staff and part time workers. c. Define appropriate emergency and medical evacuation procedures. d. Undertake daily hazard identification checklists, risk assessments and toolbox sessions. e. Prepare appropriate Work Method Statements for each construction activity and ensure all personnel understand the task before commencing work for the day. f. Clearly define procedures for handling construction materials, conducting tests, operating heavy equipment within the confined block roads. g. Provide cautionary signs in all operational areas. h. Ensure operators of vehicles and equipment are properly licensed and trained. i. Provide information on emergency assistance procedures on community notice boards and location of first aid kits and other emergency equipment. j. Ensure safety and inspection procedures, setting schedules for regular checking. k. Set procedures for safe handling of toxic materials and other hazardous substances.

148. There will also be a program to provide general Health and Safety Awareness for construction workers which will include: • Introduction to health and safety issues in construction sites. • Education on basic hygiene practices and procedures to minimise spread of tropical or contagious diseases. • HIV/AIDS and STD awareness, including information on methods of transmission and protection measures. • Prohibition of drugs and alcohol on construction sites. • Availability of medical assistance for emergency or non-emergency situations.

11. Noise and Vibration 149. Noise and vibration will be generated from construction machinery and particularly from excavation works associated with the preparation of the pavement area. This will be noticeable within the confined space in the blocks and may become a nuisance. The noise levels are expected to be intermittent and of relatively short duration. 150. Noise mitigation measures include: • Use modern and well-maintained equipment with functional noise suppressors. • Operate machinery and vibrating rollers during daylight hours only. • Liaise with administrators and CDC to minimise disruption and impacts on the residents.

D. Impacts in Operation and Maintenance Phase 151. Roads. There is little soil erosion anticipated within the wards on this flat terrain during the operation of the road. Temporary flooding may occur as a result of blockages within both the formed and unformed lateral drains along the road due to household waste and plastic bags and bottles. This will be minimised with the provision of new waste collection facilities at the ends of each road and with the public awareness and capacity building within the project wards that is part of the inputs into this sub-project. 152. The main impacts during the O&M phase are assessed to be damage to the sub- project concrete roads due to the activities of the residents within the blocks. Damage may occur from overloaded trucks used to provide building supplies and materials, storage of these materials on the road and mixing of concrete on the pavement, as well as any tracked machinery used to prepare house sites. 153. Periodic maintenance activities include clearing of the cross-culverts to ensure flooding does not occur. This work is best scheduled prior to the onset of each wet season. Regular monitoring of the road by block administrators and CDC to ensure building activities undertaken by residents do not result in damage to the pavement, especially along the outside edge of the road. 154. Mitigation measures include a comprehensive public awareness and capacity building campaign which incorporates improving attitudes to solid waste management and drain maintenance and the impacts of activities that may result in damage to the road pavement. 155. Solid waste management. The buildings in Dala will require maintenance to ensure the facility functions as a safe place for the disposal of solid waste. The facility will require regular clearing by YCDC on a scheduled program to ensure the facility does not become over- burdened with solid waste, resulting in the spread of material outside of the facility. 156. The portable steel tanks used in Hlaing Tharyar will not need much in the way of maintenance as part of their use. The concrete pads upon which they are placed will not likely

to require any repair for the duration of the time they are in use. As with the solid waste stations, the success of the collection facility lies with the regular collection of solid waste by YCDC and the use of these tanks by the community. 157. Water treatment facilities. The operation of these facilities require experienced personnel to ensure each of the components are in working order, that replacement of filters and cartridges are carried out at the recommended times, and that any interruption of water supply is dealt with in a timely manner. 158. Water treatment will involve the use of chemical disinfectants. These chemicals can cause a hazard if dosing is not competently controlled, or if the chemicals are released through damage to the storage facility. Risks are minimized by (i) providing for secure, dry storage facilities for hazardous chemicals (ii) the use of chemicals in powder rather than gaseous form, which is safer to store and handle and (iii) training of staff and allocation of responsibility to ensure that materials are properly handled and used. 159. There is potential for the loss or spillage of the key components used in the RO plant during the maintenance of the facility. Designated trained people will be required to operate the facility to ensure the continuity of the potable water supply for the community. All waste materials from the regular maintenance of the RO plant must be disposed on in the recommended manner. A hazardous chemical register will be required at each treatment facility. 160. The effect of improved water supply carries a significant positive environmental impact, through greatly reducing the exposure to infection from water related disease by the community. 161. Drainage. The key part of operation and maintenance of the drain outside of the school is to ensure the drain is not used as a place for the disposal of solid waste, plastic bags and other household refuse. This will require the full and coordinated support of the school and the wider community including the parents and sellers of produce who frequent the entrance. A solid waste bin should be placed nearby and emptied as part of the regular YCDC waste collection program. A community awareness program with the school and the community with suitable signs placed at the entrance should be carried out.

VI.ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

162. The “no project” alternative for each of the components would mean a continuation of status quo with the subsequent impact on community health and wellbeing. Each of these sub- projects has an incremental and cumulative positive impact on the health and functionality of the community. 163. The provision of paved roads within the selected blocks will improve communal well- being and better access to market and community services by the poor communities, particularly women and children. There will be less dust nuisance during the dry period and damage to the vehicles of the residents due to the poor quality of the road will be reduced. Access will be improved, especially for the old and young members of the ward. 164. Solid waste management is an important aspect of improvement in community health and the sub-project will reduce the volume of indiscriminate waste left around roadsides, streams and water bodies. 165. A good reliable supply of domestic and potable water supply in the community will improve community health and reduce the risk of water-borne diseases from poor quality water, especially during the dry season when supplies become limited. 166. The improvement in the drainage channel outside the school will reduce the risk of water-borne diseases and improve the health of the students by ensuring stagnant water does not build up at the school entrance.

VII.INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION

167. As a requirement of the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement, public consultations were undertaken during the design phase as part of the IEE process in order to determine community attitudes to the project. Ensuring the subproject success requires meaningful stakeholder consultation and participation. Activities for information disclosure, public consultation, and public participation are part of the overall planning, design process, and construction of the proposed subprojects for both Dala and Hlaing Tharyar Townships. Each block within each ward has a community development committee (CDC) comprised of 20 residents. 168. The Aunt Gyi West Ward meeting was held in the Ward Office, Dala Township on 26 June 2017. In attendance were the Yangon Regional Parliament Representative, Ward Administrator, the YCDC representatives to make a total of 98 community participants comprising 20 males and 78 females. 169. The Ward 6 meeting was held in the Mahartharthana Rice Donation Hall, Dala Township on 28 June 2017. In attendance were the TDC and CDC representatives to make a total of 35 community participants comprising 14 males and 21 females. 170. The Ward 11/14 meeting was held in the Ward office, Dala Township on 28 June 2017. In attendance were the TDC, CDC Ward representatives to make a total of 53 community participants comprising 16 males and 37 females. 171. The Ward 7 meeting was held in the Wai Za Yan Tar Damayone Hall, Hlaing Tharyar Township on 2 July 2017. In attendance were the YCDC and Ward representatives to make a total of 48 community participants comprising 17 males and 31 females. 172. The Ward 10 meeting was held in the Ward office, Hlaing Tharyar Township on 2 July 2017. In attendance were the YCDC and Ward representatives to make a total of 53 community participants comprising 33 males and 20 females. 173. The purpose of the workshops was to provide an update on current project and environmental activities and general progress, the proposed road improvement design and construction, the management of solid waste. The meeting also addressed the process for the IEE incorporating the environmental and social safeguards and introduced the grievance redress mechanism (GRM). 174. It also provided the opportunity for the community participants to express any concerns and provide some feedback in relation to the project design. The participants, which included women and youth, expressed positive support for the sub-projects. Individual one-on-one interviews with both men and women participants raised the matter of having proper solid waste management that included the participation of women in the collection of waste. It also raised the matter of public safety during construction with the noise and dust being considered a concern. These issues are adequately addressed in the EMP. 175. One query raised in the community consultation meetings was to seek a clarification of the water treatment process and community involvement in the operating phase. The senior engineer explained the treatment process and also confirmed that training will be provided to ensure the community could participate in the operating phase of the water treatment plant. Another query was to request confirmation of the width and the depth of the road and this was addressed by the senior engineer who provided the design specifications for concrete roads. 176. A record of attendance at the five consultation meetings is attached in Appendix 6-10.

Table 10: Community Consultation Meeting Attendance

Township/Ward Meetings Date Male Female Total Dala Aunt Gyi West Ward 26 June 17 20 78 98

Ward 6 28 June 17 14 21 35 Ward 11/14 28 June 17 16 37 53 Hlaing Tharyar Ward 7 2 July17 17 31 48 Ward 10 2 July17 33 20 53 TOTAL 100 187 287

VIII.GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

177. A project grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be established to receive, evaluate and facilitate the resolution of concerns, complaints and grievances about the social and environmental performance of the sub-project by the affected party (AP) may have prior to and during the construction phase. The PMU and PIUs will ensure that the GRM is fully disclosed prior to construction: (a) in public consultations and information, education and communication, or social/community preparations, (b) through posters displayed in the offices of the PMU, PIU, township and ward as well as at strategic places within the main subproject areas (posters to include names and contact details). 178. The process of lodging a concern or complaint and contact details of the construction contractor (CC) and PSC will be posted on a community notice board. The community is encouraged to voice any concerns or complaints, and these are to be duly investigated and reported through to the CC. 179. All efforts will be made to address any community or individual concerns in a timely and transparent manner, and without retribution to the AP, in order to minimise any impacts that may affect project implementation. 180. A grievance redress committee (GRC) will be established per target ward that consists of representatives from the CDCs (3 members, including women and ethnic group representatives), Ward Administration Office (1), YCDC-PIU Staff (1) and, prior to construction, contractor representative (1). The GRC will receive and document all matters and issues of social and environmental concern from the local community and/or AP and forward copies of all grievances to the PSC and PMU, which will operate under the Executing Agency (MOC). 181. The GRM will have four stages: Stage 1: In the first instance, APs will address complaints to the designated members of the grievance redress committee. The committee will organize a meeting with the APs to resolve the issue using traditional methods of conciliation and negotiation. The meeting will be held in a public place and will be open to other members of the public to ensure transparency. Stage 2: If within 10 days of lodging the complaint, no understanding or amicable solution can be reached, no response is received from GRC, or the APs are not satisfied with the decision, the APs can bring the complaint to the IC. APs can appeal to the implementation consultants (IC). The IC will provide a decision on the appeal within 10 days. Stage 3: If the APs are still not satisfied with the decision of the IC, or in the absence of any response within the stipulated time, the APs can submit their grievance to MOC. The MOC will render a decision within 10 days of receiving the appeal. Stage 4: As a last resort, the APs may submit their case to the Court of Law. The complaint will be lodged with the Court of Law and the decision of the Court will be final. 182. All grievances, complaints or issues raised will be lodged in a register maintained at the contractor's site office. These will be included in the monthly progress reports from the contractor to PSC and PMU and are subject to checking by the PSC and monitoring by PMU.

IX.ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN - DALA

A. Introduction 183. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is funding proposed sub-projects under ADB Grant 9177-MYA (Pro-poor Community Infrastructure and Basic Services Project) for selected grant areas located in Dala Township of Yangon City in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The grant was provided by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR), which is financed by the Government of Japan. 184. The aim of the project is to reduce poverty and vulnerability by providing sustainable improvements to community-level infrastructure such as local suburban roads and solid waste management. The project will also establish a Community Operation and Maintenance Fund to provide a sustainable source of funding for community level operation and maintenance. 185. These are all community-level infrastructure projects. Community participation is an intrinsic element of the project and it is intended that some of the sub-project works can be undertaken through the procurement of community services and labour.

B. Objectives 186. This environmental management plan (EMP) is developed to achieve the following objectives: • To reflect the environmental and social issues and impacts identified during project preparation. • To implement and monitor mitigation measures within the construction area. • To comply with the laws and regulations of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and with international standards and best practice guidelines. 187. The EMP provides an operational reference and a tool for environmental management during construction activities. It describes how the Contractor will meet the specified contractual, regulatory and statutory requirements. 188. The EMP includes the description of the environmental impact of a range of project activities during the pre-construction and design phase and the construction phase, with mitigation measures and responsibility for undertaking these measures.

C. Description of the Project 189. There are three sub-projects to be implemented within Aunt Gyi West Ward, Ward 6 and Ward 11/14 in Dala Township of Yangon City, being i) improvements to community solid waste collection, and ii) community water treatment facilities. The environmental management plan and mitigation measures will address the impacts associated with this sub-project. The three sub-contracts covered by this ADB Grant will only deal with one township each in Yangon.

12. Solid Waste Management 190. This sub-project involves the construction of two new 3m x 3m covered concrete waste collection stations comprising an area of 45m2 each to replace the existing moribund and unserviceable concrete collection stations located on Bogyoke Street in Aunt Gyi West Ward and on Nyaung Gone Circular Street in Ward 11/14. The latter waste station will also serve Ward 6 due to the lack of available space within that ward. 191. The two proposed sites are on government-owned land managed by the Ministry of Construction (MOC), which has given its permission for the land to be used for the project and is in the process of handing over land management to YCDC. Both sites currently have existing concrete waste collection tanks in poor condition and will be improved or replaced by

the project. These were constructed and are owned by YCDC, which has donated these existing structures to the project.

Figure 8: Location of the Target Wards in Dala Township

192. The solid waste management sub-project involves community mobilization and awareness raising activities including a clean-up campaign. It will also provide three motorcycle carts, about 50 steel mesh waste bins, and approximately 100 HDPE 240 litre capacity bins to supplement the existing solid waste collection efforts of the Dala Town Development Committee (TDC) Cleansing Department and to assist in reducing the indiscriminate disposal of solid waste in the drains and waterways of the wards. 193. Communities will select waste collectors who will collect household waste for a small fee using the equipment provided by the project and deliver it to the waste collection station. From this point the Dala TDC dump trucks will transport the waste to the Dala dump site. 194. The solid waste management sub-project is essentially a direct mitigation measure to address the issue of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste within the wards and in the drainage channels. By definition then, the mitigation measure does not have environmental impacts that are to be defined within the environmental management plan to mitigate any such impact. 195. The environmental footprint of these steel waste collection tanks and small waste bins within the ward is very small and any negative impact is negligible. The provision of waste bins and motorcycle collection carts will significantly reduce the volume of solid waste that is disposed of within the urban environment and improve general health and well-being.

196. The site plan and location of the solid waste management collection stations within the wards is in Appendix 1: Dala Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project.

13. Community Water Treatment Facilities 197. This sub-project will provide reliable small communal potable and domestic water facilities at seven man-made uncovered rain-fed water ponds within Aunt Gyi West Ward, Ward 6, and Ward 11/14. These ponds of variable size and capacity are the main source of domestic water in the wards and do not retain sufficient water for community needs during the dry season. River water was often pumped into the storage ponds during the dry season but this source has now become more saline. These facilities will greatly help address the issue of domestic water scarcity of the grant areas. 198. It proposes the construction of seven small reverse osmosis water treatment plants located close to the water storage ponds and supported by their own generators. Each treatment plant will take water from four tube wells located around the edges of the ponds. This involves drilling of four shallow tube wells (artesian bores of 18 - 20 m in depth with 50 mm diameter) and the construction of an elevated raw water tank within the storage pond area at each of the four bore sites. This raw water stored at each bore site will be available for domestic use such as cooking and laundry. Raw water will also be pumped up from the reservoir into the elevated raw water tank as a back-up when the underground supply is insufficient to meet the demand. 199. Raw water from the storage tank at each bore site will then be piped underground around the perimeter of the water storage pond to a new reverse osmosis water treatment plant to provide potable water. This will be available for communal collection from the storage tank adjacent to the treatment plant. The water storage pond will be fenced to prevent access by domestic stock and children. The waste water produced by the RO plant will be directed away from the plant and water storage pond by way of a drain to ensure the pond does not become contaminated. 200. The seven proposed sites for the Dala water treatment facility are on government- owned land managed by the Ministry of Construction (MOC) which has initiated the process of handing over the land to the management of YCDC. 201. The site plan and location of the community water treatment facilities within the wards is in Appendix 2: Dala Township Community Water Treatment Facilities Sub-Project.

D. Legal Requirements 202. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 9/2012, also known as the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL), was enacted in 30 March 2012 to facilitate (i) implementation of the country’s National Environmental Policy, (ii) systematic integration of environmental conservation in the sustainable development process, (iii) healthy and clean environment and conservation of natural and cultural heritage, (iv) reclamation of degenerated and disappearing ecosystems, (v) management of natural resources for sustainable use, (vi) public awareness, (vii) international, regional and bilateral cooperation, and (viii) collaboration within different government departments and organizations, and with non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. The implementing rules are yet to be issued. 203. The Conservation of Water Resources and River Law (2006) prohibit pollution of water resources and specify penalties. This law is primarily concerned with river transportation and the regulation of river fishing and sewage discharge. It authorizes the Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems to determine dangerous water levels for towns; cooperate with relevant government departments and organizations to solve related problems; and guide the use river water for domestic and agricultural use. The law prohibits water pollution; prescribes terms and conditions for the monitoring and prevention of water pollution; and specifies penalties for those who pollute water.

204. A number of laws and policies concern the management of urban water resources. The Canal Act (1905, last amended in 1998) regulates the allocation of water for public purposes, water supply and drainage works. The Act permits all water in all rivers and streams flowing in natural channels as well as lakes and other national still water bodies to be used and controlled for public purposes. The Myanmar Embankment Act (1909, last amended in 1998) requires every owner or occupier of immovable property in the vicinity of an embankment to help maintain the embankment or to provide a labourer who can. The Act authorizes an embankment officer to enter into any immovable property in the vicinity of an embankment and take possession of, appropriate or remove and use any relevant materials for the purpose of such work. 205. The Underground Water Act (1930) deals with the conservation and protection of underground sources of water supply in Myanmar. The Protection of Wildlife and Natural Areas Conservation Law (1994) also specifies penalties for water pollution.

E. Institutional Arrangements 206. The Executing Agency (EA) for this project is the Ministry of Construction (MOC). It will engage an Implementation Consultant (IC), composed of international and national consultants, to manage the JFPR programs and to collaborate with the implementing agency (IA), being the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), to manage the preparation of the project components and procurement of additional experts, equipment, and services. 207. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) is the focal and coordinating agency for the overall environmental management while the Environmental Conservation Department is the agency in-charge of implementation. 208. The Ministry of Construction (MOC) Department of Urban and Housing Development (DUHD) is the executing agency for the project. It coordinates with the Implementation Consultant (IC), which is contracted by MOC, and the Project Management Unit (PMU), both of which are established within MOC. The overall management and responsibility for the project shall be delegated to the IC. 209. The PMU, with the support of IC, has the responsibility for overall planning and coordination of implementation, including programming, budgeting, financial planning, accounting and reporting. It will also be responsible for finalisation and the internal review of the IEE and EMP and for presenting this to stakeholders at the provincial, district and village level for public review. The PMU will endorse the final IEE reports and EMPs and submit to MOC for review and who shall in turn submit the reports to the ADB project officer who shall arrange for the review and clearance by the relevant ADB environmental specialist. 210. The PMU is also responsible for the compliance with the environmental safeguard measures set out in the Environmental Assessment Review Framework (EARF)10 and will report to ADB on the project’s performance on environmental safeguards. 211. The Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) is the implementing agency (IA) and is assisted and supported by the IC. The YCDC establishes the project implementation unit (PIU) to coordinate the subproject activities at the township and/or ward level. The PIUs will conduct annual environmental monitoring of all category B subprojects with participation from the PMU staff. The YCDC and township officers will be trained in project management, monitoring and evaluation. 212. The project implementation team (PIT) is responsible for supervising and managing the project and for delivering project activities in the target community townships and wards. The PIT will supervise and coordinate the work of specialist consultants for capacity development, baseline and household surveys, topographic and infrastructure condition surveys and engineering design services and non-governmental organizations (NGO) to

10 Ministry of Construction, EARF, 2014

accomplish project objectives. A key role will be to assist in the establishment of community development committees (CDC). 213. As the project employs a participatory approach, the PMU and PIT work directly with the community development committees (CDC), which are the institutional mechanism for communicating and working with the target beneficiary population. There is one CDC for each township and they will have the responsibility to provide the unskilled and skilled labour for community-based civil works construction under the community contracting approach. They will act as the “primary groups”, consisting of 20–25 households from a traditional neighbourhood block, for all community mobilization and participatory outreach processes. They will also be responsible for the collection of household fees and the administration of the community operation and maintenance fund for the community level infrastructure and services. 214. The Construction Contractor (CC) is responsible for construction of the road and installation of the solid waste management bins as shown in the construction drawings, technical documents and in accordance with the EMP. The CC will be also responsible for the implementation of the EMP, and the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts during the construction phase as identified in the EMP, with oversight carried out by the IC. The CC will be required to prepare a detailed construction EMP (CEMP) with assistance from the IC. This will be submitted to the PMU for approval prior to the commencement of works. The CEMP demonstrates how the CC will address the environmental impacts identified in the EMP and how he will manage the construction process. It will also contain the environmental policies of the CC that demonstrates it is able to reduce and mitigate the anticipated environmental impacts. 1. Environmental Staffing Requirements 215. Environmental staff are needed by the (i) Construction Contractor, (ii) Implementation Consultant, (iii) the DUHD PMU; and (iv) MCDC PIU. It is DUHD’s responsibility to ensure that qualified and trained staff are hired by all four agencies.

Table 11. Indicative Staffing and Outside Consultant Needs

Staff Position Level of Effort Contractor Environmental and Health & Safety Full time during construction Officers/Focal Implementation Environmental Supervision Engineers/ Full time during construction Focal Consultant DUHD PMU Environmental Safeguards Focal Full time during Project responsible for all subprojects for both Mandalay and Yangon MCDC PIU Environmental Safeguards Focal Full time during Mandalay subproject

2. Training and Capacity Development 216. DUHD needs to provide capacity development and/or training programs to ensure staff in all four agencies (i) fully understand the environmental management plan; (ii) understand their responsibilities; and (iii) are capable to undertake their responsibilities. As DUHD does not have environmental and social management staff, ADB will support the project by providing safeguards training TOT to the PMU, PIUs and IC. The IC team will then provide required trainings to contractors as necessary.

3. Recommended Reporting Requirements 217. Monitoring of the environmental management plan will have weekly reporting by the Contractor; and monthly reporting by the IC. The IC will draft semi-annual Project environmental monitoring reports. The PMU will finalize the environmental monitoring reports and DUHD will submit the reports to ECD and ADB (see Table below).

Table 12. Reporting Requirements and Responsibilities

Responsibility Reporting Requirement Reporting to Contractor Weekly inspection and monitoring reports IC Implementation Monthly inspection and monitoring reports MCDC PIU Consultant

Draft semi-annual Subproject MCDC PIU environmental monitoring reports

Draft semi-annual Project environmental DUHD PMU monitoring reports

MCDC PIU Final semi-annual Subproject DUHD PMU environmental monitoring reports

DUHD PMU Final semi-annual Project environmental DUHD/MOC monitoring reports For submission to ADB/MONREC

F. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 218. The IEE provides an analysis of anticipated impacts associated with the construction of the tertiary roads within the selected three wards in the two townships. Environmental safeguard measures have been incorporated in the Project as follows: a. Design and preconstruction phase, the period before the actual construction starts and designs are being prepared. This allows the designers to incorporate the environmental management plan (EMP) in the project design, technical specifications and contract documentations; b. Construction phase, the period from the time that the “Notice to Proceed” is given to the contractor and when the “Certificate of Completion” is issued. The contractor would construct the project as per the design and technical specifications and implement the EMP; c. Operation and maintenance phase, the period starting when the “Certificate of Completion” has been issued by MOC. 219. The most significant impacts expected to arise from the project are major positive improvements to public health and the quality of life in the townships from the provision of roads, potable and domestic water supply and the improvement in household and community level sanitation and drainage facilities as a result of improvements to solid waste management.

1. Method of Assessment of Anticipated Impacts 220. Potential impacts have been assessed by means of site visits, discussions with local authorities, design engineers and the use of secondary sources of information. This section summarises the potential environmental impacts and required mitigation measures associated with the development of the proposed subprojects and these are incorporated into the EMP.

2. Impacts in Design and Pre-Construction Phase 221. Solid waste management. The construction of two new 3m x 3m covered concrete waste collection stations will be built on the same site as the existing moribund and unserviceable concrete collection stations located on Bogyoke Street in Aunt Gyi West Ward and on Nyaung Gone Circular Street in Ward 11/14. Community considerations will be required to ensure these are appropriately sited with due regard to cultural or community related factors. 222. The solid waste already at these designated sites will require removal and disposal by YCDC and the site adequately drained prior to the any new construction works. Any residual or waste concrete will require proper disposal. 223. Community water treatment facilities. The position of the tube wells must be determined prior to any drilling activity to ensure they are in the appropriate place and do not have any impact on or are impacted by the movement of people or traffic. The proposed pipeline location will be surveyed to ensure it does not extend into the road way or is impacted by other users or potential community activities. The location of the RO plant must be agreed upon and suitable for the operation of the facility and access by the community. The location of the waste water from the RO plant must ensure that it does not enter the water storage pond. 224. General. A construction project within a community may result in a wide range of social impacts as a result of the activities. To mitigate the community concerns about the project, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) involving a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) based on community representation will be established to deal with any community or individual concerns related to the sub-project prior to the commencement of works. Training of committee members will be required and supported to ensure they are familiar with the process of grievance redress. 225. The community will be advised of the GRM through a public awareness campaign and by way of the block and ward administrators and the GRC. The process of lodging a concern or complaint and contact details of the CC and Project Monitoring Team (PMT) will be identified on a public notice board. 226. There may be some community concerns in respect of the construction program methodology. As a first priority, a set of protocols will be established and agreed upon with the ward administrators and the community development committee (CDC) to determine the social and cultural parameters for working within the community. These protocols will form part of the contractual obligations of the construction contractor (CC). 227. Construction activities are scheduled for the period from September 2017 to March 2018. As community participation is an intrinsic element of the project, all concerns will be assessed and incorporated into the design to the extent practicable. 228. The construction of a temporary facility to provide shelter and rest area for the workers will require a designated area of land for the duration of the project. This is anticipated to be a small temporary structure covered with a tarpaulin placed outside of the block roads and preferably at the outside of the ward boundary so that it has no impact on the use of land or services by the local residents. This will include the provision of portable latrines sufficient for the anticipated number of the work force from outside of the ward. The location of this temporary facility site will be identified in conjunction with the CDC and CC at the design stage.

229. During the construction period, heavy machinery and drilling equipment will be parked temporarily near the sub-project on vacant land or along road sides and may affect the movement of local pedestrians and vehicles through or around the wards. Suitable sites for the lay-down or parking of vehicles and equipment will be identified by the CDC and the respective block, ward and township administrators prior to construction to ensure these are not placed on or near any areas utilised by the community or areas of cultural significance. 230. The presence of construction workers from outside and within the township wards can increase the risk of highly contagious communicable and/or sexually transmitted diseases. In order to reduce the likelihood of the spread of highly contagious diseases and STI/HIV/AIDS to the community, measures to mitigate this will include a requirement to have an awareness campaign for construction personnel and residents prior to mobilisation and for it to be included as an integral part of the tender document. 231. There may be community concerns about the impact of additional construction personnel from outside township community on specific religious and cultural sensitivities. Measures to mitigate these concerns include a requirement for all construction personnel to have a full site induction prior to the commencement of any works within the townships to raise awareness of any religious and cultural matters while working on the sub-project. This induction will be carried out with the assistance of block, ward and townships administrators and CDC and other ward representatives.

3. Impacts in Construction Phase 232. Solid waste management. The construction works in Dala for the two new 3m x 3m covered concrete waste collection stations comprising an area of 45m2 involve excavating the site to form a concrete pad and side walls which will be covered with a structure to prevent rain from falling onto the refuse. The impacts are considered negligible and can be addressed by the general EMP prepared for road construction.. 233. Community water treatment facilities. The proposed treatment technology to be used is a cartridge-type reverse osmosis (RO) system. The first stage of the RO system is a filtration unit capable of removing sand and small particles. The second stage is a carbon filter for removing organics, odour, smell, turbidity, etc. The heart of the RO system is the RO membrane capable of removing bacteria, dissolved metal, chemicals, salt, other minerals and dissolved matter in the water. This is followed by a sediment filter and water disinfection units consisting of a UV sterilizer and ozone generator. Rejected water from the RO system will be discharged into the drain so that it does not flow back into the storage pond. Most of the impacts will be as a result of the construction of the RO facility and these are addressed by the EMP. 234. The pipes from the raw water storage tanks located around the perimeter of the pond to the RO plant will be dug by hand to a depth of no less than 300mm below ground level to prevent damage from vehicles or other activity. 235. Drilling of the tube well near the storage pond may have an impact on the water quality within the pond as a result of the discharge of drilling materials into the pond area. The volume of drilling material and liquids from the 50mm diameter drill hole to a depth of around 20m is not considered to be significant Mitigation measures to prevent the accidental spillage of drilling material into the ponds include isolating the drill site with an earth bund or silt fences to contain any material from the tube well site. The drilling compounds will be kept in a self- contained system and any waste material must be removed from the storage pond area. This will be addressed by the CEMP. a. Earth Works 236. The volume of earthworks involved in the sub-projects is comparatively small. There are no significant effects on the wider off-site physical environment as a result of the construction works as there is extensive urban development in all directions of the sub-projects in each ward.

237. Site preparation using construction machinery within narrow confined roads can result in unexpected loss of fuels, oils and hydraulic fluids from broken pressurised hydraulic hoses onto the ground or near the water storage containers, drains, driveways of the residents with consequential contamination of the soil and the inadequate drainage channels along the house frontage. This may lead to hydrocarbons entering the wider surface water drainage system and contaminate groundwater resources and a potential fire risk within the confined urban environment. Mitigation measures include conducting pre-start daily inspections of all hydraulic lines and fuel lines on construction machinery and equipment prior to daily movement into the sub-project roads and storing such machinery outside the confines of the block and ward internal road system at the end of each working day. This will be identified and form part of the CC’s operating procedures contained within the CEMP. b. Disposal of Spoil 238. The excavation required for each of the sub-projects will generate a small volume of spoil that must be removed and disposed of in a predetermined and approved location when it is surplus to the requirements. This spoil may result in blockage of side drains or impede the flow of surface water runoff to side drains or water storage ponds. 239. Sites for spoil disposal have yet to be confirmed and may involve raising levels of degraded unpaved roads in the vicinity of the sub-project ward and where this has been approved by YCDC, CDC and the respective block, ward and township administrators. 240. The Contractor will provide a detailed Construction EMP which will identify the means and method of spoil disposal. The Contractor will prepare and sign an agreement with the block, ward and township administrators that shows the spoil disposal plan for each township and forward a copy to the PSC and PMU for approval. Any variations to the method and location of disposal must be specifically approved by PSC prior to making any changes. Monitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out during site preparation works by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program. c. Air Quality 241. There is no relevant base line data for air quality in the two townships. There are no anticipated long term impacts on air quality from the physical works component. However, exhaust emissions will be generated from construction machinery and vehicles and this is of particular concern as this can cause respiratory issues to residents, particularly the elderly and the very young, who live in close proximity to each other within the narrow confines of the block roads where houses are built right up to the right ROW. The exhaust fumes can enter the rooms facing the road and increase the build-up of carbon monoxide and fumes, especially where machinery is idling on the road. 242. Mitigation measures will include: i) the use and operation of fully maintained vehicles and diesel equipment that have been certified as compliant with local air quality legislation prior to mobilisation to each project site, ii) avoiding unnecessary operation of vehicles and equipment, iii) turning off all machinery when not in immediate use to avoid the build up of toxic fumes within the confines of the narrow block roads and iv) advising residents to close doors and windows and to remove laundry from the road frontage when machinery is operating within the block roads. d. Dust Control 243. Potential sources of dust generation on the sub-project roads sites include i) activity associated with the excavation and dumping of spoil, ii) the movement of machinery on the bare areas along the narrow roads during excavation and pouring of concrete onto the prepared area from concrete trucks. 244. Dust produced during excavation works during the dry season can be a significant issue for the residents within the narrow streets, especially in those roads where houses have been constructed right up to the road frontage of the property. Dust can permeate throughout

the entire house and affect the residents, particularly the elderly and the very young and those with respiratory illnesses. 245. Dust mitigation measures will include the application of water from water trucks or sprinklers onto the dry road surface during construction works. This work is initiated before visible dust is suspended in the air and affecting households along the road from construction activity. The residents will be advised by the CC and the CDC to close windows and doors. e. Waste Management 246. The guiding principle to be adopted will be to remove all inorganic and solid waste generated from the construction of the roads within the wards. There may be some exceptions where surplus concrete may be utilised for fill for the construction of nearby community facilities or houses. This will be done in consultation with the ward administrators and CDC for each road at the appropriate time. 247. The volume of solid construction waste from the sub-project is not considered to be significant and will be generally less than the volume of daily household waste produced in each ward. However, the use of any community domestic household waste receptacles for construction waste will not be permitted in order to avoid the risk of these facilities being over- extended. 248. There are generally no public latrines within the construction area and the contractor will need to provide suitable portable latrines for the workers. These will need to be placed near the active construction site in places approved by the CDC of the particular location of that part of the sub-project. 249. The contractor will adhere to a Waste Management Plan with the following provisions: a. All construction and general waste generated by the project will be removed daily from the site by the contractor and disposed of in a designated YCDC waste disposal area. b. Construction will be subject to the waste hierarchy to ensure efficient use and management of resources. The preference is for prevention of waste at source. This means the effective management of materials on site through good house-keeping and work planning, in order to generate less waste. The procurement of materials which have less packaging for example, would be preferable. Waste minimization is the second preferred option. Reuse or recycling options will be considered prior to disposal. c. Remove all inorganic solid waste include steel, formwork, fittings, pipes, hydraulic hoses, tyres and any other spare parts used with construction equipment as soon as practicable. d. Liquid wastes are not to be disposed of within the ward drainage system. e. Washing out of concrete trucks is not permitted within the wards. Any waste concrete is to be disposed of in appropriate disposal area. f. The contractor will provide appropriate waste storage containers for worker’s construction and hazardous liquid wastes; Install confined storage points of solid and liquid wastes away from sensitive receptors. g. The contractor will ensure proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils prior to construction site handover. h. Municipal type waste from construction workers will be collected daily and disposed of in locations where YCDC provides regular collections. i. Hazardous waste such as oily rags or chemical containers, will be neutralized as far as possible, kept as dry as possible to reduce likelihood of leachate and will be disposed of at an approved YCDC disposal site. j. Contractors will ensure that there is no onsite burning of waste at all times.

f. Storage and Handling of Hydrocarbons 250. Hydrocarbons (fuel, lubricants and solvents) temporarily stored, dispensed and used during construction works by vehicles and plant and equipment pose a potential hazard to the suburban environment, communities as well as the township drainage system if leakage or spillage occurs. The storage of hydrocarbons required for construction works will not be permitted within the township and will be supplied on a daily basis by special fuel trucks or service vehicles. 251. Extreme care is required to ensure there are no accidental spills or likelihood of uncontrolled combustion which may result in the extensive and rapid spread of fire throughout the ward and consequential personal injury or loss of life and residential property. 252. Measures to minimise or prevent the environmental impacts of accidental spillage of hydrocarbons include: • A comprehensive site induction prepared by the contractor, with input from the ward administrators and CDC, will be required for all construction personnel involved with the project. • Development of procedures for cleaning up and reporting of accidental spills. • Refuelling of vehicles and machinery will not be permitted within the block perimeter to reduce the likelihood of spillage, pollution of the internal drainage system and reduce the potential for uncontrolled combustion near houses. • Vehicles and machinery will be refuelled by authorized and trained personnel only in designated areas to reduce the likelihood of spillage. Spill kits will be made available on all refuelling and service vehicles in the case of accidental spillage. • Drip trays will be used during refuelling or servicing to prevent spillages onto the ground. • Vehicle and machinery maintenance and servicing will not be permitted within the ward boundaries. Collection, disposal and removal of all waste oil, filters to the designated disposal site. g. Site De-commissioning and Rehabilitation 253. Site decommissioning and rehabilitation activities will be progressive and upon completion of construction works within each block. It will include the removal of all construction material, used or unused, and residual solid waste. All efforts will be made to engage local labour to undertake the site decommissioning works and where practicable, the use of women’s or community groups. h. Use of Water 254. Potable and fresh water is a scarce commodity at most project sites, especially during the construction season when precipitation is limited. Construction activities may impact on the supply of stored water in ponds within the township. There may be insufficient water within the villages to rely on any stored water for construction related activities, including the cleaning of concrete trucks and other vehicles and machinery. 255. Mitigation measures to ensure the project does not impact on the stored water supply include i) the contractor to be self sufficient in the supply and storage of all fresh and potable water. ii) use only stored water from designated ponds for dust suppression as required only with the express approval of block, ward and township administrators and CDC. iii) stored water is not to be used for washing out concrete trucks. iv) vehicles and machinery are not to be cleaned near any stored water ponds.

i. Traffic Management 256. Construction around the water treatment facility involving the drilling of the tube wells and pipe laying may also temporarily affect access locally to water storage ponds and impede traffic flow. Mitigation measures involve working at one tube well site at a time until it is completed before proceeding to the next one around the water storage pond. The involvement of the CDCs will be critical in liaising with contractors and residents to ensure the efficient completion of the works. Appropriate warning signs will be erected to prevent access to the work site. j. Health and Safety 257. Occupational health and safety (OHS) risks of construction works represent a potential hazard to the residents as a result of the movement of construction within the confined roads in the blocks. The working area within the ward blocks is small and the movement of residents and their means of transport will require a level of coordination between the contractor and the residents. 258. Risk to both construction personnel and residents can be mitigated by having a clear health and safety policy and an emergency response plan. In order to minimise health and safety risks, the Contractor will provide the PMU with a comprehensive and relevant OHS Plan which will: a. Define responsibilities and authorities within the Contractor’s staff for adhering to safety and health requirements. b. Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for all full time staff and part time workers. c. Define appropriate emergency and medical evacuation procedures. d. Undertake daily hazard identification checklists, risk assessments and toolbox sessions. e. Prepare appropriate Work Method Statements for each construction activity and ensure all personnel understand the task before commencing work for the day. f. Clearly define procedures for handling construction materials, conducting tests, operating heavy equipment within the confined block roads. g. Provide cautionary signs in all operational areas. h. Ensure operators of vehicles and equipment are properly licensed and trained. i. Provide information on emergency assistance procedures on community notice boards and location of first aid kits and other emergency equipment. j. Ensure safety and inspection procedures, setting schedules for regular checking. k. Set procedures for safe handling of toxic materials and other hazardous substances. 259. There will also be a program to provide general Health and Safety Awareness for construction workers which will include: • Introduction to health and safety issues in construction sites. • Education on basic hygiene practices and procedures to minimise spread of tropical or contagious diseases. • HIV/AIDS and STD awareness, including information on methods of transmission and protection measures. • Prohibition of drugs and alcohol on construction sites. • Availability of medical assistance for emergency or non-emergency situations.

k. Noise and Vibration 260. Noise and vibration will be generated from construction machinery and particularly from excavation works associated with the preparation of the facilities. This will be noticeable within the confined space in the blocks and may become a nuisance. The noise levels are expected to be intermittent and of relatively short duration. 261. Noise mitigation measures include: • Use modern and well-maintained equipment with functional noise suppressors. • Operate machinery and vibrating rollers during daylight hours only. • Liaise with administrators and CDC to minimise disruption and impacts on the residents.

4. Impacts in Operation and Maintenance Phase 262. Solid waste management. The buildings constructed to provide cover over the waste disposal site will require maintenance to ensure the facility functions as a safe place. The facility will require regular clearing by YCDC on a scheduled program to ensure the facility does not become over-burdened with solid waste, resulting in the spread of material outside of the facility. Repairs to any structural damage from machinery will require timely attention to prevent the building becoming a safety hazard. 263. The success of the collection facility lies with the regular collection of solid waste by YCDC and the use of these tanks by the community. Mitigation measures include a comprehensive public awareness campaign which incorporates improving attitudes to solid waste management. 264. The solid waste management sub-project will itself help to mitigate the potential impacts of waste by providing waste receptacles and additional collection vehicles. The capacity building programme will include training for communities and local government bodies in better waste management and environmental protection. 265. Water treatment facilities. The operation of these facilities require experienced personnel to ensure each of the components are in working order, that replacement of filters and cartridges are carried out at the recommended times, and that any interruption of water supply is dealt with in a timely manner. 266. Water treatment will involve the use of chemical disinfectants. These chemicals can cause a hazard if dosing is not competently controlled, or if the chemicals are released through damage to the storage facility. Risks are minimized by (i) providing for secure, dry storage facilities for hazardous chemicals (ii) the use of chemicals in powder rather than gaseous form, which is safer to store and handle and (iii) training of staff and allocation of responsibility to ensure that materials are properly handled and used. 267. There is potential for the loss or spillage of the key components used in the RO plant during the maintenance of the facility. Designated trained people will be required to operate the facility to ensure the continuity of the potable water supply for the community. All waste materials from the regular maintenance of the RO plant must be disposed on in the recommended manner. A hazardous chemical register will be required at each treatment facility. 268. The effect of improved water supply carries a significant positive environmental impact, through greatly reducing the exposure to infection from water related disease by the community.

G. Implementation Schedule 269. Construction is scheduled to start on September 2017 and is expected to be completed by May 2018. The contractor will be required to develop and implement a construction EMP

(CEMP) to demonstrate the contractor fully understands the contract requirements. The contractor will be supported by the PMU during the preparation of this document which will be submitted to the PMU for review and approval prior to the commencement of works. The EMP will form part of the tender documents. 270. Capacity development is an integral part of this project and the environmental specialists of the project management consultant team will provide inputs for environmental aspects as the need arises. During the initial stage of the construction period, the environmental specialist will conduct orientation meetings with the construction contractors’ workers regarding the environmental requirements associated with the construction activities and EMP implementation. 271. The EMP will be updated by the IC to reflect any changes in the construction methodology or approach when final confirmation of the road design has been determined.

H. Environmental Monitoring 272. During the period of project design, monitoring will ensure that (i) design measures are specified for any sensitive areas, (ii) bidding documents contain environmental requirements, and (iii) criteria for the selection of qualified contractors are clearly defined and followed. 273. Monitoring of environmental impacts is also carried out during the construction and post-construction period in conjunction with the community. This measures environmental impacts to ensure that critical factors are not exceeded. It also helps to determine whether mitigation measures are effective or should be altered or improved to address the observed and measured change in impacts. This also assists in the evaluation of impacts as an input to decisions on future projects. 274. When construction commences, a key aspect of environmental monitoring is to ensure overall contractor compliance with the EMP. It also serves to assess the effectiveness of environmental mitigation and management measures. During construction, monitoring the compliance with environmental mitigation measures in the environmental management plan for each subproject will be done by the PIU, with oversight from the PMU. The PMU will report to ECD and ADB of the project’s performance on environmental safeguards and provide regular monitoring reports. 275. The CDC is organised within each ward and they arrange and coordinate the participation of the community to attend public meetings and act as the vehicle for providing the community with information about the project. The CDC will have the responsibility to provide a monitoring role during the operation and maintenance phase of the sub-projects. One CDC member from each ward will be appointed to the GRC. 276. Due to the small scale of the project activities, any emissions as a result of construction work are anticipated to be temporary in nature and below the upper limits for noise, dust, vibration and water quality set down in the National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2105). Specific quality monitoring of these parameters will be conducted should the precautions as outlined in the EMP be insufficient or the activity is expected to exceed the emission levels for that specific activity.

I. Proposed budget and responsibilities 277. The following table sets out the estimated budgets required for implementation of the corrective measures and monitoring activities during the three phases of implementation of the solid waste management, and community water treatment sub-projects. The budget presented is exclusive of salaries and supporting facilities (transport, office equipment) for staff from PMU and PIU dedicated to environmental supervision of construction sites. Similarly, for the water quality monitoring to be performed by YCDC Laboratory, only the costs for equipment and chemicals are considered and do not include laboratory fees.

Table 13: Tentative Budget for EMP Implementation in Dala, Yangon City

Responsibilities No Corrective Measure/Action Funding Implementation Cost Duration Total US$ (Years) US$ Actions Preliminary to Construction Start 1 Appoint of PMU staff PMU PMU (1) 2 2 Environmental training of PMU PIU/PIT 1,500 1 1,500 PMU staff 3 Health & Safety training PMU PIU/PIT 1,500 1 1,500 4 Preparation of PMU PIU 500 1 500 communications material 5 Preparation of contractor PMU PIU 2,500 1 2,500 E&S specifications 6 Detailed survey of water PMU Laboratory 10,000 1 10,000 quality, ponds and tube wells Actions in Construction Phase 1 Waste management Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 2 Management of sediment Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 and spoil 3 Hazardous substances Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 management 4 Accidental spill preparedness Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 and response 5 Erosion and sediment control Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 6 Management of camp Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 7 Public health management Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 8 Management of air quality, Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 dust and noise 9 Management of road traffic Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 and access 10 Management of water quality Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 11 Environmental and social Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 training plan 12 Monitoring of Construction PMU PIU/PIT (2) 0.5 activities 13 Site cleaning & rehabilitation Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 Actions in Operational Phase 1 Monitor water quality in YCDC YCDC Lab 5,000 3 15,000 ponds, tube wells and RO plant 2 Monitor effectiveness and YCDC / PMU CDC /YCDC 750 5 3,750 compliance with waste collection TOTAL 37,750 Contingencies 20% 7,550 TOTAL 45,300

Notes: (1) Budget internal to PMU operation cost (2) Budget is part of PIT contractor (3) Related environmental and social expenses are included into construction costs of the CC

Table 14: Environmental Management Plan - Solid Waste and General Construction Activities, Dala

Topographic • Non-invasive surveys that • Nil required IC /PMT IIC • Nil • Nil Nil surveys have no environmental impact Climate change • Risk of projected • Road culverts have sufficient IC /PMU IIC • Review of • Visual IC / PMU adaptation increased rainfall may cross section for projected plans and inspection result in localised flooding increased rainfall designs, of designs due to blocked side drains • Ensure road level is above that of works and culverts the side drains implemente d • Ensure all climate change mitigation measures incorporated in design are implemented Disposal of • Damage to areas used by • Confirm with administrators, IC /PMU IIC • Volume of • Once, IC / PMU surplus spoil community CDC and community the location spoil is details on • Alteration of surface water of any suitable spoil disposal calculated, plan flows from poorly located sites within the township • Designated spoil disposal areas • Select sites where surface water sites • Loss of sediment from flows are not impeded which can confirmed disposal site into drainage result in localised flooding or system or water storage vegetation has been modified or ponds are suitable for other community

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification purposes eg playground, road upgrade or in-fill for community uses Location of lay- • Potential for disturbance • Confirm the designated location PMU/ CDC / IC IIC • Confirmation • Once IC / PMU down area by construction workers of any storage area to be used of location of • Area clearly within or near community within the ward or township with laydown marked on facilities eg temple, CDC and community options, ground meeting places, water potential • Ensure no potential • Written storage ponds environmental impacts as a environment al impacts agreement result of location and operation with CDC of lay-down area • Identify any areas of cultural and spiritual significance Temporary • Potential for disturbance • Location of temporary facility site Construction IIC • Location of • Once, IC / PMU / construction by construction workers will be identified in conjunction contractor / facility is in details on CDC facility to within or near community with the CDC and CC CDC / IC agreed site plan provide shelter facilities eg temples, to workers meeting places Presence of • Transmission of STI and • Conduct a communicable Construction IIC • Awareness • Once, IC / PMU construction HIV/AIDS between and diseases and HIV/AIDS contractor / program program workers in within project sites by awareness campaign for the NGO / IC conducted delivered communities. workers and residents selected townships and • Medical • As required, • Transmission of highly construction personnel using clearance all contagious suitably qualified NGO or health certificates personnel communicable diseases specialist PRIOR to mobilization with medical of contractor • GRM • Social disruption process clearance • Ensure all construction available for confirmed • Possibility of conflicts or personnel have medical antagonism between public • Once, GRM clearance for any inspection in place residents and Contractor contagious/communicable • Children are exposed to diseases prior to mobilisation • MOU • Once, GRC potential sexual between formed

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification exploitation in wards and • Confirm Grievance Redress village and • Once, MOU township. Mechanism and advise contractor signed community of the process with • GRC formed • Once, EHS awareness campaign • EHS officer on site • Set up Grievance Redress on site Committee and provide training in dealing with GRM procedure • MOU between CDC and contractor with an agreed set of protocols for conduct Encroachment • Effects on cultural values • Clearly identify all historical and IC / PMU PIU • Any sites • Once, in IC / PMU / onto historical / • Effects of access and on cultural sites, tube wells on identified conjunction CDC cultural/commu operation of existing tube plans and drawings prior to with CDC nity sites eg wells • Advise community of the nature works temples, of the works in the vicinity of buildings, water cultural sites, water storage storage ponds, ponds and tube wells tube wells • Ensure due care is taken in any construction activity adjacent to temples and community facilities • • • • CONSTRUCTION PHASE Earthworks in • Damage to side drains • Limit machinery and earthworks Construction IIC • Method • Once, PIT / IC road and and existing road culverts to the defined pavement width contractor / Statement Method culvert within narrow road width and culvert sites /PMU • Machinery Statement excavation • Damage to existing trees • Minimise damage to tree roots operates in contains and roots resulting in where these are within the road defined area existing guidelines disease and dieback of pavement area wherever • Spoil existing trees planted for practicable removal • Daily, machinery

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification shade and aesthetic from reef is operating purposes platform within defined area • Daily, no stockpiles on reef platform, all material removed Earthworks in • Leakage of lubricants and • All machinery to be in sound Construction IIC • Machinery • Daily, visual CC / PIT / IC road and fuel within pavement area condition and free from any leaks contractor / free from inspection culvert from construction of lubricants and fuel /PMU any leaks of of excavation machinery pollute road oils, machinery way, health and safety lubricant for leaks risk to residents • Daily, CC / CDC / IC machinery stored outside the confines of the block Disposal of • Loss of sediment from • Ensure spoil disposed of only in Construction IIC • Location • Daily, visual CC / PIT / surplus spoil disposal site into drainage approved sites contractor / and use of CDC / IC system or water storage • Contractor to provide detailed PMU approved ponds CEMP identifying means and spoil location of spoil disposal within disposal site each township Operation of • Emission of excessive • Maintain construction equipment, Construction IIC • Exhaust • Daily, visual CC / PIT / construction exhaust fumes and smoke clean all filters and use clean contractor / emissions CDC / IC machinery and from vehicles and diesel PMU from vehicles machinery reduces air machinery

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification generating quality within confined • Any machinery generating visible emissions block roads causing smoke is not permitted for respiratory issues for construction activities within the residents, especially ward boundary elderly and very young • Avoid unnecessary machine operation within the block, turn machinery off when not in immediate use to avoid build up of toxic fumes • Advise residents to close doors and windows, remove laundry from road frontage when machinery is operating within the block road, Construction • Increase in levels of dust • Apply water on exposed soil from Construction IIC • Levels of • As required, CC / PIT / activities during in and around the water trucks or sprinklers contractor / dust during visual CDC / IC the dry season construction area • Limit or suspend construction PMU construction • Community may cause dust affecting residents with activity within wards during • Application complaints nuisance respiratory illness, the periods of strong winds of water on elderly and the very block roads young • Limit truck movement through wards during periods of strong during dry • Limited supplies of water winds dusty for dust suppression weather • Use water from water storage • Dust from exposed spoil ponds only with the express • Spoil disposal sites permission of the engineer and disposal CDC sites compacted • Apply water to block roads to when reduce visible dust levels due to required construction activities

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Spoil disposal sites compacted to reduce exposure of loose debris from wind, if required

Solid waste • Contamination of urban • All construction and general waste Construction IIC • Removal of • Weekly, CC / PIT / CDC generation environment generated by the project will be contractor / PMU solid waste visual / IC • Increase in volume of removed daily from the site by the from the waste material within contractor and disposed of in a ward to drainage structures designated YCDC waste disposal YCDC waste area. disposal site • Impact on residential solid waste collection facilities • Construction will be subject to the waste hierarchy to ensure efficient use and management of resources. The preference is for prevention of waste at source. This means the effective management of materials on site through good house-keeping and work planning, in order to generate less waste. The procurement of materials which have less packaging for example, would be preferable. Waste minimization is the second preferred option. Reuse or recycling options will be considered prior to disposal. • Remove all inorganic solid waste include steel, formwork, fittings, pipes, hydraulic hoses, tyres and any other spare parts used with construction equipment as soon as practicable. • Liquid wastes are not to be disposed of within the ward drainage system.

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Washing out of concrete trucks is not permitted within the wards. Any waste concrete is to be disposed of in appropriate disposal area. • The contractor will provide appropriate waste storage containers for worker’s construction and hazardous liquid wastes; Install confined storage points of solid and liquid wastes away from sensitive receptors. • The contractor will ensure proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils prior to construction site handover. • Municipal type waste from construction workers will be collected daily and disposed of in locations where YCDC provides regular collections. • Hazardous waste such as oily rags or chemical containers, will be neutralized as far as possible, kept as dry as possible to reduce likelihood of leachate and will be disposed of at an approved YCDC disposal site. • Contractors will ensure that there is no onsite burning of waste at all times. Waste water • Contamination of • Install a portable toilet facility with Construction IIC • Self- • Once, visual CC / PIT / and sewage groundwater and drainage an appropriate self-contained contractor / contained • As required, CDC / IC channels sewage tank for use by PMU latrines on grey water construction workers and septic

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Incidence of water-borne • Facility to be removed at the site and tank diseases due to lack of completion of the construction used. material public latrines works • Disposal of disposed of • Concrete wash waste • Washing of machinery and grey water safely from the trucks equipment, concrete trucks is not and septic • Once, contaminates or blocks permitted within the wards tank material facility the drainage system • Concrete removed wash waste • Daily as disposal required during pouring of concrete Storage and • Potential hazard to the • No hazardous chemicals and Construction IIC • Hazardous • Once, visual CC / PIT / handling of urban environment, hydrocarbons will be stored within contractor / Waste • Daily, CDC / IC hydrocarbons; drainage channels from the township boundary PMU Managemen materials emergency or accidental spills • All fuels and lubricants to be t Plan is in not stored accidental • Pollution of groundwater supplied by designated fuel place within spills of trucks or service vehicles • Storage of township hydrocarbons • Risk of uncontrolled combustion of • Develop Hazardous Waste hazardous • Weekly, hydrocarbons, potential Management Plan to cover chemical inspection for extensive spread of hazardous materials and oil and records and fire within the wards storage and spills, including any hydrocarbon spill register is not • Safety risk to workers and storage on a supply barge or • Weekly, spill ship. located community within the register • All spills will be cleaned up township updated immediately as part of emergency boundary and visual response plan inspection • Use of spill • Spill clean-up materials are register available at each storage site • All waste hydrocarbons to be removed from the island

Refuelling of • Potential hazard to the • Use drip trays during refuelling or Construction IIC • Drip trays in • Daily, visual CC / PIT / machinery and urban environment, servicing contractor / use CDC / IC servicing of drainage channels from • Refuelling of machinery is not PMU • Refuelling equipment accidental spills permitted within block boundary outside of • Pollution of groundwater • Provide safety equipment and block • Risk of uncontrolled training for all fuel handlers boundary combustion of • Machinery maintenance and hydrocarbons, potential servicing is not permitted with for extensive spread of ward boundary fire within the wards • All waste oil, filters to be removed • Safety risk to workers and from the township community Demobilisation • Residual construction • Removal of all construction Construction IIC • Construction • Once, visual CC / PIT / of contractor material remaining within material, used or unused, and contractor / material on CDC / IC and ward may cause a safety residual solid waste PMU removed completion rehabilitation of issue for the residents from site of temporary site especially children • Site demobilisati rehabilitation on has been completed Use of water • Lack of sufficient potable • Temporary construction facility to Construction IIC • Separate • Daily, visual CC / PIT / water for construction provide sufficient quantities of contractor / potable CDC / IC workers during dry period potable water supply for workers PMU water tanks • Lack of water within • Manage water use during periods for workers storage ponds for dust of dry weather from designated • Use of suppression water ponds potable • Contamination of potable water water storage ponds supplies for

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Do not use potable water from construction storage ponds for dust or dust suppression suppression • Machinery and equipment not to be cleaned near water storage ponds Traffic • Construction will impede • Construct road along one side at Construction IIC • Warning • Daily, CC / PIT / Management traffic flow, resident a time contractor / signs in warning CDC / IC access and vehicle • Provide warning signs to prevent CDC / PMU place signs in parking within the road interaction with vehicles and • Parking of place machinery resident’s • Community • Involve CDC to liaise with vehicles complaints residents and contractor • Accident reports Transport of • Damage to community • Immediately repair any damage Construction IIC • Damage to CC / PIT / construction property and utilities eg caused to community or private contractor / property • As required, CDC / IC visual materials to water pipes, rain tanks, facilities PMU during block roads; power utilities • On-going community consultation construction • Written operation of • Damage to private regarding traffic movements • Compensati records of machinery property, rain tanks on paid for any within block outside of ROW damage compensati roads on paid Presence of • Transmission of STD and • Site induction conducted for all Construction IIC • Site • Register of CC / PIT / construction HIV/AIDS between and construction personnel at start of contractor / induction participants CDC / IC workers in within project sites by construction with the input from PMU completed maintained communities. workers and villagers CDC • Level of • Register of • Transmission of highly • Ward protocols agreed; worker local locals contagious diseases awareness as part of mobilization employment employed • Social disruption i.e. prohibition on unauthorised • MOU • Protocols in people entering camp between place

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Possibility of conflicts or • Workers to respect ward and village and antagonism between landowner boundaries, observe contractor residents and Contractor codes of conduct and avoid damage to properties and resources • Employ local persons where practicable • Maximise the use of goods and services from local communities, where practicable Construction • Health and safety risks to • Contractor to provide health and Construction IIC • H&S Policy • Once, plan CC / PIT / activities will the community from the safety policy contractor / • Driver safety in place CDC / IC occur within the movement of heavy • Provide driver safety awareness PMU awareness • Once, driver ward boundary; machinery within the program for all drivers as well as program program operation of blocks and wards community to reduce the conducted delivered machinery • Damage to property or likelihood of vehicle accidents or • General • Daily, visual within block structures contact with people, structures, roads public not in hazard ID • Hazard identification and risk active during assessments to reduce risk of construction construction harm and injury, prevent spills of zone, • Daily, and hazardous substances. barriers in as required • Prepare Work Method place, Statements for each activity hazardous areas • Keep residents away from marked machinery operating with the block roads • Damage to property • Ensure reversing signals are installed on construction vehicles or provide flagmen as required to ensure safe operations

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Mark dangerous areas with reflective tape or other effective means to identify hazardous areas during the hours of darkness • Provide safe access around work sites to keep public away from harm. Work on one side of the road at a time to provide access for residents. • Provide cautionary signs in all operational areas use safety barriers and fences as required. • Provide compensation for damaged property or structures Operation of • Noise and vibration in • Construction vehicles with Construction IIC • Vehicles • Community CC / PIT / construction community functional noise suppressors. contractor / have complaints CDC / IC plant and • Impacts on construction • Contractor will develop a daily PMU appropriate • Daily, equipment workers and residents work schedule of operations with and visual creating noise functional CDC to identify hours and days of and vibration no work due to religious and exhaust cultural activities systems • Limit noisy construction activities • Construction to day time hours, i.e. work carried construction activities prohibited out within between 6pm and 6am specified times • Advise residents to close windows and doors during • Doors and construction windows shut during noisy operations

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency and Mitigation Cost Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures means of Responsibility Allocation monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Provide all workers with • Workers appropriate personal protection using equipment (ear-muffs etc) appropriate PPE during noisy operations OPERATION PHASE Residential • Damage to road • Ensure all material placed on Residents, Residents • Construction • As required, CDC, ward construction pavement from concrete pavement is removed CDC/ ward material road is clear administrators activities within overloaded trucks, and concrete washed of debris, administrators/ placed on of general / IC ward blocks dumping of aggregate and waste concrete PMU road construction storage of construction • Damage to material, materials concrete property • Damage to road pavement pavement edges from • Presence of tracked machinery concrete • Concrete mixed on road mixing on pavement damages road pavement surface Improper solid • Blockage of side drains due • New waste receptacles provided Residents, CDC, Residents • Presence of • Daily during MCDC / CDC / waste disposal to solid waste and • Additional collection vehicles ward / CDC solid waste wet season, IC household refuse, plastic provided to facilitate more regular administrators, in side otherwise bags etc collections MCDC drains weekly; no blockage of • Flood waters and solid • Provide capacity building to • Free flow of waste from drains enter drainage culverts or residents through public awareness side drains houses campaigns to improve attitudes to water • Potential for water borne solid waste management diseases due to stagnant • Each resident to participate in the water removal of solid waste from side drains and disposal in new SWM receptacles provided as part of this project

Table 15: Environmental Management Plan – Community Water Treatment Facilities, Dala

CC = Construction Contractor PMU = Project Management Unit CDC = Community Development Committee PIU = Project Implementation Unit IIC=Included in Contract (and specific means for mitigation to be identified and priced PIT = Project Implementation Team by Contractor where required) IC = Implementation Consultant IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification DESIGN AND PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Topographic • Non-invasive surveys that • Nil required IC /PMU IIC • Nil • Nil Nil surveys have no environmental impact Climate change • Risk of projected increased • Ensure all climate change mitigation /PMU IIC • Review of • Visual IC / PMU adaptation rainfall may result in measures incorporated in design are plans and inspection localised flooding due to implemented designs, blocked side drains and • Ensure level of RO plant is above works culverts that of the side drains implemented Location of lay- • Potential for disturbance by • Confirm the designated location of PMU / CDC IIC • Confirmation • Once IC / PMU down area construction workers within any storage area to be used within of location of • Area or near community facilities the ward or township with CDC and laydown clearly eg temple, meeting places, community options, marked on water storage ponds • Ensure no potential environmental potential ground impacts as a result of location and environmenta l impacts • Written operation of lay-down area agreement • Identify any areas of cultural and with CDC spiritual significance Temporary • Potential for disturbance by • Location of temporary facility site Construction IIC • Location of • Once, IC / PMU / construction construction workers within will be identified in conjunction with contractor / CDC facility is in details on CDC facility to provide or near community facilities the CDC and CC / PMU agreed site plan shelter to eg temples, meeting places workers

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification Presence of • Transmission of STI and • Conduct a communicable diseases Construction IIC • Awareness • Once, IC / PMT construction HIV/AIDS between and and HIV/AIDS awareness campaign contractor / NGO program program workers in within project sites by for the selected townships and / IC conducted delivered communities workers and residents construction personnel using • Medical • As • Transmission of highly suitably qualified NGO or health clearance required, all contagious communicable specialist PRIOR to mobilization of certificates personnel contractor diseases • GRM process with • Social disruption • Ensure all construction personnel available for medical have medical clearance for any clearance • Possibility of conflicts or public contagious/communicable diseases inspection confirmed antagonism between prior to mobilisation residents and Contractor • MOU • Once, • Confirm Grievance Redress between GRM in • Children are exposed to Mechanism and advise community place potential sexual exploitation village and of the process with awareness contractor • Once, GRC in wards and township. campaign • GRC formed formed • Set up Grievance Redress • Once, Committee and provide training in • EHS officer on site MOU dealing with GRM procedure signed • MOU between CDC and contractor • Once, EHS with an agreed set of protocols for on site conduct • Environmental, Health and Safety Officer recruited as part of project Encroachment • Effects on cultural values • Clearly identify all historical and CDC /PMU PIU • Any sites • Once, in IC / PMU / onto historical / • Effects of access and on cultural sites, tube wells on plans identified conjunction CDC cultural/communit operation of existing tube and drawings prior to works with CDC y sites eg wells • Advise community of the nature of temples, the works in the vicinity of cultural buildings, water sites, water storage ponds and tube storage ponds, wells tube wells • Ensure due care is taken in any construction activity adjacent to temples and community facilities

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Operation of • Emission of excessive • Maintain construction equipment, Construction IIC • Exhaust • Daily, CC / PIT / construction exhaust fumes and smoke clean all filters and use clean diesel contractor emissions visual CDC / IC machinery and from vehicles and machinery • Any machinery generating visible from vehicles reduces air quality within smoke is not permitted for machinery generating confined block roads construction activities within the ward emissions causing respiratory issues boundary for residents, especially elderly and very young • Avoid unnecessary machine operation within the block, turn machinery off when not in immediate use to avoid build up of toxic fumes • Advise residents to close doors and windows, remove laundry from road frontage when machinery is operating within the block road, Construction • Increase in levels of dust in • Apply water on exposed soil from Construction IIC • Levels of dust • As CC / PIT / activities during and around the construction water trucks or sprinklers contractor / PMU during required, CDC / IC the dry season area affecting residents with • Limit or suspend construction activity construction visual may cause dust respiratory illness, the within wards during periods of strong • Application of nuisance elderly and the very young winds water on • Limited supplies of water for • Limit truck movement through wards block roads dust suppression during periods of strong winds during dry • Dust from exposed spoil dusty • Do not use water from water storage weather disposal sites ponds for dust suppression • Spoil disposal • Apply water to block roads to reduce sites visible dust levels due to compacted construction activities when • Spoil disposal sites compacted to required reduce exposure of loose debris from wind, if required Solid waste • Contamination of urban • All construction and general waste Construction IIC • Removal of • Weekly, CC / PIT / generation environment generated by the project will be contractor / PMU solid waste visual CDC / IC

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Increase in volume of removed daily from the site by the from the waste material within contractor and disposed of in a ward to drainage structures designated MCDC waste disposal MCDC • Impact on residential solid area. waste waste collection facilities • Construction will be subject to the disposal waste hierarchy to ensure efficient site use and management of resources. The preference is for prevention of waste at source. This means the effective management of materials on site through good house- keeping and work planning, in order to generate less waste. The procurement of materials which have less packaging for example, would be preferable. Waste minimization is the second preferred option. Reuse or recycling options will be considered prior to disposal. • Remove all inorganic solid waste include steel, formwork, fittings, pipes, hydraulic hoses, tyres and any other spare parts used with construction equipment as soon as practicable. • Liquid wastes are not to be disposed of within the ward drainage system. • Washing out of concrete trucks is not permitted within the wards. Any waste concrete is to be disposed of in appropriate disposal area. • The contractor will provide appropriate waste storage containers for worker’s construction and hazardous liquid wastes;

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification Install confined storage points of solid and liquid wastes away from sensitive receptors. • The contractor will ensure proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils prior to construction site handover. • Municipal type waste from construction workers will be collected daily and disposed of in locations where MCDC provides regular collections. • Hazardous waste such as oily rags or chemical containers, will be neutralized as far as possible, kept as dry as possible to reduce likelihood of leachate and will be disposed of at an approved MCDC disposal site. • Contractors will ensure that there is no onsite burning of waste at all times. Waste water and • Contamination of • Install a portable toilet facility with an Construction IIC • Self • Once, CC / PIT / sewage groundwater, storage ponds appropriate self-contained sewage contractor / PMU contained visual CDC / IC and drainage channels tank for use by construction workers latrines on • As • Incidence of water-borne • Facility to be removed at the site and required, diseases due to lack of completion of the construction works used. grey water public latrines • Washing of machinery and • Disposal of and septic • Concrete wash waste from equipment, concrete trucks is not grey water tank the trucks contaminates or permitted within the wards and septic material blocks the drainage system tank material disposed of • Concrete safely wash waste disposal

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Once, facility removed • Daily as required during pouring of concrete Storage and • Potential hazard to the • No hazardous chemicals and Construction IIC • Hazardous • Once, CC / PIT / handling of urban environment, drainage hydrocarbons will be stored within contractor / PMU Waste visual CDC / IC hydrocarbons; channels from accidental the township boundary Management • Daily, emergency or spills • All fuels and lubricants to be Plan is in materials accidental spills • Pollution of groundwater supplied by designated fuel trucks or place not stored of hydrocarbons • Risk of uncontrolled service vehicles • Storage of within combustion of • Develop Hazardous Waste hazardous township hydrocarbons, potential for Management Plan to cover chemical and • Weekly, extensive spread of fire hazardous materials and oil storage hydrocarbon inspection within the wards and spills, including any storage on a is not located records within the • Safety risk to workers and supply barge or ship. and spill township register community • All spills will be cleaned up boundary immediately as part of emergency • Weekly, response plan • Use of spill spill register • Spill clean-up materials are available register at each storage site updated and visual • All waste hydrocarbons to be inspection removed from the island • Maintain a register of all hydrocarbon spills Refuelling of • Potential hazard to the • Use drip trays during refuelling or Construction IIC • Drip trays in • Daily, CC / PIT / machinery and urban environment, drainage servicing contractor / PMU use visual CDC / IC servicing of channels from accidental • Refuelling of machinery is not • Refuelling inspection equipments spills permitted within block boundary or outside of of • Pollution of groundwater or near water storage ponds block machinery water in storage pond boundary for leaks

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Risk of uncontrolled • Provide safety equipment and • Machinery • Daily, combustion of training for all fuel handlers free from machinery hydrocarbons, potential for • Machinery maintenance and any leaks of stored extensive spread of fire servicing is not permitted with ward oils, outside the within the wards boundary lubricant confines of the block • Safety risk to workers and • All waste oil, filters to be removed community from the township • Leakage of lubricants and • All machinery to be in sound fuel from construction condition and free from any leaks of machinery pollute storage lubricants and fuel ponds, health and safety risk to residents Demobilisation • Residual construction • Removal of all construction material, Construction IIC • Construction • Once, CC / PIT / of contractor and material remaining within used or unused, and residual solid contractor / PMU material visual on CDC / IC rehabilitation of ward may cause a safety waste removed from completion temporary site issue for the residents site of especially children • Site demobilisat rehabilitation ion has been completed Use of water • Lack of sufficient potable • Temporary construction facility to Construction IIC • Separate • Daily, CC / PIT / water for construction provide sufficient quantities of contractor / PMU potable water visual CDC / IC workers during dry period potable water supply for workers tanks for • Lack of water within storage • Manage water use during periods of workers ponds for dust suppression dry weather from designated water • Use of • Contamination of potable ponds potable water water storage ponds • Do not use potable water from supplies for storage ponds for dust suppression construction or dust • Machinery and equipment not to be suppression cleaned near water storage ponds

Traffic • Construction may impede • Drilling and pipe laying to occur at Construction IIC • Warning • Daily, CC / PIT / Management traffic flow, resident access one tube well location at a time contractor / CDC signs in place warning CDC / IC and vehicle parking within / PMU signs in the road place

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Provide warning signs to prevent • Parking of • Residents interaction with vehicles and resident’s advised of machinery vehicles constructio • Involve CDC to liaise with residents n activity and contractor Transport of • Damage to community • Immediately repair any damage Construction IIC • Damage to • As CC / PIT / construction property and utilities eg caused to community or private contractor / PMU property required, CDC / IC materials to RO water pipes, rain tanks, facilities during visual plant site; power utilities • Ongoing community consultation construction • Written operation of • Damage to private property, regarding traffic movements • Compensatio records of machinery within rain tanks outside of ROW n paid for any block roads damage compensati on paid Presence of • Transmission of STD and • Site induction conducted for all Construction IIC • Site induction • Register of CC / PIT / construction HIV/AIDS between and construction personnel at start of contractor / completed participants CDC / IC workers in within project sites by construction with the input from CDC PMU/CDC • Level of local maintained communities. workers and villagers • Ward protocols agreed; worker employment • Register of • Transmission of highly awareness as part of mobilization i.e. • MOU locals contagious diseases prohibition on unauthorised people between employed • Social disruption entering camp village and • Protocols in • Possibility of conflicts or • Workers to respect ward and contractor place antagonism between landowner boundaries, observe residents and Contractor codes of conduct and avoid damage to properties and resources • Employ local persons where practicable • Maximise the use of goods and services from local communities, where practicable Construction • Health and safety risks to • Contractor to provide health and Construction IIC • H&S Policy • Once, plan CC / PIT / activities will the community from the safety policy contractor / • Driver safety in place CDC / IC occur within the movement of heavy • Provide driver safety awareness PMU/CDC awareness • Once, ward boundary; machinery within the blocks program for all drivers as well as driver operation of and wards community to reduce the likelihood

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification machinery within • Damage to property or of vehicle accidents or contact with program program block roads structures people, structures, conducted delivered • Hazard identification and risk • General • Daily, assessments to reduce risk of harm public not in visual and injury, prevent spills of active hazard ID hazardous substances. construction during • Prepare Work Method Statements zone, barriers constructio for each activity in place, n hazardous • Daily, and • Keep residents away from machinery areas marked operating with the block roads as required • Damage to • Ensure reversing signals are property installed on construction vehicles or provide flagmen as required to ensure safe operations • Mark dangerous areas with reflective tape or other effective means to identify hazardous areas during the hours of darkness • Provide safe access around work sites to keep public away from harm. Work on one side of the road at a time to provide access for residents. • Provide cautionary signs in all operational areas use safety barriers and fences as required. • Provide compensation for damaged property or structures Operation of • Noise and vibration in • Construction vehicles with functional Construction IIC • Vehicles • As required CC / PIT / construction plant community noise suppressors. contractor / PMU have • Daily, CDC / IC and equipment • Impacts on construction • Contractor will develop a daily work appropriate visual creating noise workers and residents schedule of operations with CDC to and and vibration identify hours and days of no work functional due to religious and cultural activities exhaust systems

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Limit noisy construction activities to • Construction day time hours, i.e. construction work carried activities prohibited between 6pm out within and 6am specified • Advise residents to close windows times and doors during construction • Doors and • Provide all workers with appropriate windows shut personal protection equipment (ear- during noisy muffs etc) operations • Workers using appropriate PPE during noisy operations OPERATION PHASE Water take from • Loss of water volume from • Reduce extraction rate to match PMU / PIU / • Water volume • Weekly, PMU / PIU / tube well and tube well results in lower the rate of ground water recharge CDC meter IC storage pond quality of water records • Install meter on pipe and record • Reduction of water quality in daily volume • Monthly at • Water quality the tube well, water pond, • Periodical water testing and quality first until as per YCDC increased E coli control from tube well and storage fully Health • Potable water may become pond, operational, Department then contaminated as a result of • Capacity building of CDC for requirements flooding, the breakdown of management and maintenance of annually treatment facilities, the systems, including effective • Lab results operational failure of pumps, allocation of responsibility for or wilful or accidental testing and appropriate remedial contamination of wells or action when water becomes unsafe water storage structures. to drink Cleanliness of • Algal growth in water • Treatment of water prior to storage PMU / PIU / • Presence of • Weekly, PMU / PIU / RO and pump storage structures will reduce risks CDC algal growth visual and IC facility • Clean as required lab results

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Frequency Mitigation Cost Parameter to Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures and means of Responsibility Allocation be monitored Responsibility Activities verification • Minimal risk. Water stored in jars and tanks is changed frequently.. Access and use • Surplus water draining from • Design and provision of concrete PMU / PIU / • Water lying • Weekly, PMU / PIU / of water from raw wells, pumps and taps platforms around water outlets CDC around excess IC water and frequently ponds in soft • Design of appropriate drainage, outlets water not potable water ground result in muddy conducting water to nearby drains or ponding outlets conditions affecting water to subsurface soakage pits around quality, particularly where water there is heavy foot traffic • Capacity building of CDCs to outlets from people. manage and maintain water outlet sites and periodically clearing drains. • Ponded water provides a breeding site for insect vectors of disease, children playing in such areas are at risk of infection and such areas are unsightly. Use of hazardous • Potential risks occur, such • Provision for secure, dry storage PMU / PIU / • Storage of • Monthly, PMU / PIU / chemicals for as release of chlorine facilities for hazardous chemicals. CDC hazardous chemical IC water treatment through inadequate facilities • Use of chlorine compounds in chemicals register in for handling and storing powder form, which is safer than gas use hazardous chemicals. Those most at risk are the plant • Use a hazardous chemical register operators; there is also a to monitor volumes stored at facility remote risk to the public if and usage chlorine dosing exceeds • Training of staff and allocation of safe limits. responsibility to ensure that materials are properly handled and used Discharge of • Waste water has negative • Design appropriate waste water PMU / PIU / • Waste water • Weekly, PMU / PIU / waste water from impact within ward due to disposal site. CDC discharge drain is IC RO plant lack of suitable discharge • Maintain existing drains to allow for drains clear of site increased volume of water build-up of sediment

X.ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN – HLAING THARYAR

A. Introduction 278. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is funding proposed sub-projects under ADB Grant 9177-MYA (Pro-poor Community Infrastructure and Basic Services Project) for selected grant areas located in Hlaing Tharyar Township of Yangon City in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. The grant was provided by the Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction (JFPR), which is financed by the Government of Japan. 279. The aim of the project is to reduce poverty and vulnerability by providing sustainable improvements to community-level infrastructure such as local suburban roads and solid waste management. The project will also establish a Community Operation and Maintenance Fund to provide a sustainable source of funding for community level operation and maintenance. 280. These are all community-level infrastructure projects. Community participation is an intrinsic element of the project and it is intended that some of the sub-project works can be undertaken through the procurement of community services and labour.

B. Objectives 281. This environmental management plan (EMP) is developed to achieve the following objectives: • To reflect the environmental and social issues and impacts identified during project preparation. • To implement and monitor mitigation measures within the construction area. • To comply with the laws and regulations of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and with international standards and best practice guidelines. 282. The EMP provides an operational reference and a tool for environmental management during construction activities. It describes how the Contractor will meet the specified contractual, regulatory and statutory requirements. 283. The EMP includes the description of the environmental impact of a range of project activities during the pre-construction and design phase and the construction phase, with mitigation measures and responsibility for undertaking these measures.

C. Description of the Project 284. There are three sub-projects to be implemented within Ward 7 and Ward 11/14 in Hlaing Tharyar Township of Yangon City, being i) improvement to community roads, ii) improvements to community solid waste collection, and iii) improvements to the section of road drainage near the No.15 State Primary School. The environmental management plan and mitigation measures will address the impacts associated with this sub-project. The three sub-contracts covered by this ADB Grant will only deal with one township each in Yangon.

1. Road Improvement 285. This sub-project will improve tertiary roads within the five selected blocks in Wards 7 and 10. These roads are of generally poor quality and give rise to environmental problems such as dust, mud, ponding of surface water leading to the increased level of water-borne diseases, and noise from vehicles negotiating the uneven surface. 286. Road improvement will involve the construction of 13 concrete roads with a width of 3.65 m to replace the existing unsealed roads. A total length of 2306 m of new road will be constructed (see Table 1). In addition, 13 box culverts will be provided where needed in association with the road works. The construction of the roads can be achieved by working

entirely within the carriageway width of 3.65 m so no impacts on any houses or other structures are anticipated. 287. Plans showing the location of the selected block roads to be improved within each ward is shown in Appendix 3: Hlaing Tharyar Township Road Improvement Sub-Project.

Figure 9: Location of the Target Wards in Hlaing Tharyar Township

Table 16: Proposed Sub-Project Roads in Hlaing Tharyar Township

Ward Block Road Length (m) 7 1 May Yu Street 152.4 7 4 Myo Ma Nyein 2 Street 100.8 7 4 Myo Ma Nyein 2 Street 88.4 7 4 Ngu Shwe War Street 192.1 10 1 Daw Na Street 292.7 10 1 Hlaing Tha Zin Street 198.2 10 1 Taung Twin Gyi Street 353.7 10 1 Zagawar Ma Street 158.5 10 1 Zagawar Ma (1) Street 143.3 10 1 Zagawar Ma (2) Street 143.3 10 3 Padauk Street 314.0 10 9 Salin Street 111.9 10 9 Ngw Tha Zin Street 56.7 TOTAL 2306.0

2. Solid Waste Management 288. This sub-project is intended to support and supplement the existing solid waste collection system of Hlaing Tharyar TDC in Wards 7 and 10. The current system is based on portable large steel tanks (6m x 3m x 2m) that are picked up by trucks and taken to the transfer station or to the Htein Bin landfill. An additional four portable steel tanks will be provided in Ward 7 and two in Ward 10. Concrete slab foundations will be provided at each of these locations upon which the tanks are placed. 289. To support the expanded collection capacity, the sub-project will also provide seven motorcycle collection carts, and 550 HDPE bins to be distributed throughout the community. This will allow residents to dispose of daily waste in a receptacle that can then be cleared by the Cleansing Department of Hlaing Tharyar TDC. The environmental footprint of these steel waste collection tanks and small waste bins within the ward is very small and any negative impact is negligible. 290. The provision of waste bins and motorcycle collection carts will significantly reduce the volume of solid waste that is disposed of within the urban environment and improve general health and well-being. It is anticipated that the additional equipment will enable YCDC to collect at least twice a week for final disposal at the Htein Bin landfill site. The impacts of the collection trucks will be limited to exhaust emissions and operating noise from the SWM vehicles and these will be transient for any locality. 291. Unlike the road improvement construction works, this solid waste management sub- project is essentially a direct mitigation measure to address the issue of indiscriminate dumping of solid waste within the wards and the drainage channels. By definition then, the mitigation measure does not have environmental impacts that are to be defined within the environmental management plan to mitigate any impact. 292. The proposed locations of the steel solid waste collection tanks are shown in Appendix 4: Hlaing Tharyar Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project.

3. Drainage Improvement 293. This sub-project involves the clearance and lining of a short 137 m section of drain in Ward 7, Block 19 which runs alongside the No.15 State Primary School and some vacant land. The drain frequently blocks up during floods with rubbish from the nearby solid waste disposal site and food sellers operating at the school entrance crossing. It is one of the outfalls for the drainage system in the locality and connects to major drainage canal. The drain will be cleaned out to a depth of 1.2 m with an inner dimension of 0.9 m. It will have a concrete outfall structure into the canal and the sides will be lined with concrete.

D. Legal Requirements 294. The Pyidaungsu Hluttaw Law No. 9/2012, also known as the Environmental Conservation Law (ECL), was enacted in 30 March 2012 to facilitate (i) implementation of the country’s National Environmental Policy, (ii) systematic integration of environmental conservation in the sustainable development process, (iii) healthy and clean environment and conservation of natural and cultural heritage, (iv) reclamation of degenerated and disappearing ecosystems, (v) management of natural resources for sustainable use, (vi) public awareness, (vii) international, regional and bilateral cooperation, and (viii) collaboration within different government departments and organizations, and with non-government organizations, and other stakeholders. The implementing rules are yet to be issued. 295. The Conservation of Water Resources and River Law (2006) prohibit pollution of water resources and specify penalties. This law is primarily concerned with river transportation and the regulation of river fishing and sewage discharge. It authorizes the Directorate of Water Resources and Improvement of River Systems to determine dangerous water levels for towns; cooperate with relevant government departments and organizations to solve related problems;

and guide the use river water for domestic and agricultural use. The law prohibits water pollution; prescribes terms and conditions for the monitoring and prevention of water pollution; and specifies penalties for those who pollute water. 296. A number of laws and policies concern the management of urban water resources. The Canal Act (1905, last amended in 1998) regulates the allocation of water for public purposes, water supply and drainage works. The Act permits all water in all rivers and streams flowing in natural channels as well as lakes and other national still water bodies to be used and controlled for public purposes. The Myanmar Embankment Act (1909, last amended in 1998) requires every owner or occupier of immovable property in the vicinity of an embankment to help maintain the embankment or to provide a labourer who can. The Act authorizes an embankment officer to enter into any immovable property in the vicinity of an embankment and take possession of, appropriate or remove and use any relevant materials for the purpose of such work. 297. The Underground Water Act (1930) deals with the conservation and protection of underground sources of water supply in Myanmar. The Protection of Wildlife and Natural Areas Conservation Law (1994) also specifies penalties for water pollution.

Figure 10: Location of Proposed Drain to be Improved

E. Institutional Arrangements 298. The Executing Agency (EA) for this project is the Ministry of Construction (MOC). It will engage an Implementation Consultant (IC), composed of international and national consultants, to manage the JFPR programs and to collaborate with the implementing agency (IA), being the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC), to manage the preparation of the project components and procurement of additional experts, equipment, and services. 299. The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation (MONREC) is the focal and coordinating agency for the overall environmental management while the Environmental Conservation Department is the agency in-charge of implementation. 300. The Ministry of Construction (MOC) Department of Urban and Housing Development (DUHD) is the executing agency for the project. It coordinates with the Implementation

Consultant (IC), which is contracted by MOC, and the Project Management Unit (PMU), both of which are established within MOC. The overall management and responsibility for the project shall be delegated to the IC. 301. The PMU, with the support of IC, has the responsibility for overall planning and coordination of implementation, including programming, budgeting, financial planning, accounting and reporting. It will also be responsible for finalisation and the internal review of the IEE and EMP and for presenting this to stakeholders at the provincial, district and village level for public review. The PMU will endorse the final IEE reports and EMPs and submit to MOC for review and who shall in turn submit the reports to the ADB project officer who shall arrange for the review and clearance by the relevant ADB environmental specialist. 302. The PMU is also responsible for the compliance with the environmental safeguard measures set out in the Environmental Assessment Review Framework (EARF)11 and will report to ADB on the project’s performance on environmental safeguards. 303. The Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC) is the implementing agency (IA) and is assisted and supported by the IC. The YCDC establishes the project implementation unit (PIU) to coordinate the subproject activities at the township and/or ward level. The PIUs will conduct annual environmental monitoring of all category B subprojects with participation from the PMU staff. The YCDC and township officers will be trained in project management, monitoring and evaluation. 304. The project implementation team (PIT) is responsible for supervising and managing the project and for delivering project activities in the target community townships and wards. The PIT will supervise and coordinate the work of specialist consultants for capacity development, baseline and household surveys, topographic and infrastructure condition surveys and engineering design services and non-governmental organizations (NGO) to accomplish project objectives. A key role will be to assist in the establishment of community development committees (CDC). 305. As the project employs a participatory approach, the PMU and PIT work directly with the community development committees (CDC), which are the institutional mechanism for communicating and working with the target beneficiary population. There is one CDC for each township and they will have the responsibility to provide the unskilled and skilled labour for community-based civil works construction under the community contracting approach. They will act as the “primary groups”, consisting of 20–25 households from a traditional neighbourhood block, for all community mobilization and participatory outreach processes. They will also be responsible for the collection of household fees and the administration of the community operation and maintenance fund for the community level infrastructure and services. 306. The Construction Contractor (CC) is responsible for construction of the road and installation of the solid waste management bins as shown in the construction drawings, technical documents and in accordance with the EMP. The CC will be also responsible for the implementation of the EMP, and the mitigation of adverse environmental impacts during the construction phase as identified in the EMP, with oversight carried out by the IC. The CC will be required to prepare a detailed construction EMP (CEMP) with assistance from the IC. This will be submitted to the PMU for approval prior to the commencement of works. The CEMP demonstrates how the CC will address the environmental impacts identified in the EMP and how he will manage the construction process. It will also contain the environmental policies of the CC that demonstrates it is able to reduce and mitigate the anticipated environmental impacts. 4. Environmental Staffing Requirements

11 Ministry of Construction, EARF, 2014

307. Environmental staff are needed by the (i) Construction Contractor, (ii) Implementation Consultant, (iii) the DUHD PMU; and (iv) MCDC PIU. It is DUHD’s responsibility to ensure that qualified and trained staff are hired by all four agencies.

Table 17. Indicative Staffing and Outside Consultant Needs

5. Training and Capacity Development 308. DUHD needs to provide capacity development and/or training programs to ensure staff in all four agencies (i) fully understand the environmental management plan; (ii) understand their responsibilities; and (iii) are capable to undertake their responsibilities. As DUHD does not have environmental and social management staff, ADB will support the project by providing safeguards training TOT to the PMU, PIUs and IC. The IC team will then provide required trainings to contractors as necessary.

6. Recommended Reporting Requirements 309. Monitoring of the environmental management plan will have weekly reporting by the Contractor; and monthly reporting by the IC. The IC will draft semi-annual Project environmental monitoring reports. The PMU will finalize the environmental monitoring reports and DUHD will submit the reports to ECD and ADB (see Table below).

Table 18. Reporting Requirements and Responsibilities

Responsibility Reporting Requirement Reporting to Contractor Weekly inspection and monitoring reports IC Implementation Monthly inspection and monitoring reports MCDC PIU Consultant

Draft semi-annual Subproject MCDC PIU environmental monitoring reports

Draft semi-annual Project environmental DUHD PMU monitoring reports

MCDC PIU Final semi-annual Subproject DUHD PMU environmental monitoring reports

DUHD PMU Final semi-annual Project environmental DUHD/MOC monitoring reports For submission to ADB/MONREC

F. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 310. The IEE provides an analysis of anticipated impacts associated with the construction of the tertiary roads within the selected three wards in the two townships. Environmental safeguard measures have been incorporated in the project as follows: iv. Design and preconstruction phase, the period before the actual construction starts and designs are being prepared. This allows the designers to incorporate the environmental management plan (EMP) in the project design, technical specifications and contract documentations; v. Construction phase, the period from the time that the “Notice to Proceed” is given to the contractor and when the “Certificate of Completion” is issued. The contractor would construct the project as per the design and technical specifications and implement the EMP; vi. Operation and maintenance phase, the period starting when the “Certificate of Completion” has been issued by MOC. 311. The most significant impacts expected to arise from the project are major improvements to public health and the quality of life in the townships from the provision of roads, potable and domestic water supply and the improvement in household and community level sanitation and drainage facilities as a result of improvements to solid waste management.

1. Method of Assessment of Anticipated Impacts 312. Potential impacts have been assessed by means of site visits, discussions with local authorities, design engineers and the use of secondary sources of information. This section summarises the potential environmental impacts and required mitigation measures associated with the development of the proposed subprojects and these are incorporated into the EMP.

2. Impacts in Design and Pre-Construction Phase 313. Roads. The design and pre-construction phase will include a number of investigations and surveys to obtain technical information to go into the design for the relevant sub-projects. A topographic survey of each of the sub-project roads and culvert locations will be made to determine relative elevations. As this does not require any site disturbance, there are no impacts to consider. 314. Rainfall variability including erratic and record-breaking intense rainfall events and an increase in the occurrence of flooding as a result of documented climate change impacts will be factored into the design to ensure the long term effectiveness of the sub-project. Mitigation measures will include ensuring the road is raised above the level of the side drains so that surface water will flow laterally into the side drains that run along each side of the road frontage. 315. The design of the concrete pavement will improve lateral drainage, with surface water runoff and reduce the amount of localised ponding within low points along the tertiary roads. The disposal of surplus spoil not required to balance cut and fill within the pavement area may affect house sites or the local hydrology in terms of surface water run-off into existing drainage

infrastructure outside of the block or ward boundary. Designated sites must be identified and approved in consultation with YCDC, PMU and the community prior to construction. The construction contractor will provide a detailed schedule of the location of approved spoil disposal sites within each township and will assume responsibility for ensuring only these sites are used. Monitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program. 316. The improvement of the side drains along the road within the blocks will not be part of the sub-project intervention as it would require a complex review of the entire ward and township drainage system. Many of the side drains are unformed or edged with timber and bamboo. The construction of the concrete pavement in these locations will not impact the existing unformed drains as they are located outside the footprint of the road. Care will be required when operating machinery near the drains. 317. As the roads will be paved within an existing highly modified suburban environment, there are no specific impacts on the biological environment that require special consideration. Most streets have local and exotic tree species planted to provide shade and improve the aesthetic appeal within the community. These will not require removal as they lie outside the design pavement width however limited trimming of overhanging branches may be necessary to ensure the machinery can operate within the road pavement area. Any trimming of overhanging branches must only be done in consultation with the CDC and all efforts will be made to minimise the extent of branch trimming in order to maintain the aesthetic appeal. Monitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program. 318. The road sub-project will be implemented within the existing Right of Way (ROW) on suburban streets within the two township wards, so there will be no displacement of people or existing houses and legal structures. 319. Solid waste management. The portable steel waste bins to be used in Hlaing Tharyar will be placed on concrete pads to be constructed adjacent to the road in locations already agreed upon by the YCDC and the community. The bins, similar to what the YCDC are already using, are a mitigation measure to reduce the volume of solid waste deposited in the side drains and vacant land. The bins and the concrete pad upon which they are placed have no environmental impact as a result of their location. However, community considerations will be required to ensure these are appropriately sited with due regard to cultural or community related factors. The construction of new concrete waste collection stations in Dala will replace the existing facilities on the same site. 320. The solid waste already at these designated site will require removal and disposal by YCDC and the site adequately drained prior to the any new construction works. Any residual or waste concrete will require proper disposal. 321. Drainage. The lined drain outside the school in Hlaing Tharyar will consider the impact on the school access and the presence of students and parents entering the school grounds. As the drain is already existing, and only requiring lining, the timing of the work for the construction of the short section of drain can coincide with the end of the school term to avoid disruption to the school environment. 322. General. A construction project within a community may result in a wide range of social impacts as a result of the activities. To mitigate the community concerns about the project, a Grievance Redress Mechanism (GRM) involving a Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) based on community representation will be established to deal with any community or individual concerns related to the sub-project prior to the commencement of works. Training of committee members will be required and supported to ensure they are familiar with the process of grievance redress. 323. The community will be advised of the GRM through a public awareness campaign and by way of the block and ward administrators and the GRC. The process of lodging a concern

or complaint and contact details of the CC and Project Monitoring Team (PMT) will be identified on a public notice board. 324. There may be some community concerns in respect of the construction program methodology. As a first priority, a set of protocols will be established and agreed upon with the ward administrators and the community development committee (CDC) to determine the social and cultural parameters for working within the community. These protocols will form part of the contractual obligations of the construction contractor (CC). 325. Construction activities are scheduled for the period from September 2017 to March 2018. As community participation is an intrinsic element of the project, all concerns will be assessed and incorporated into the design to the extent practicable. 326. The construction of a temporary facility to provide shelter and rest area for the workers will require a designated area of land for the duration of the project. This is anticipated to be a small temporary structure covered with a tarpaulin placed outside of the block roads and preferably at the outside of the ward boundary so that it has no impact on the use of land or services by the local residents. This will include the provision of portable latrines sufficient for the anticipated number of the work force from outside of the ward. The location of this temporary facility site will be identified in conjunction with the CDC and CC at the design stage. 327. During the construction period, heavy machinery and drilling equipment will be parked temporarily near the sub-project on vacant land or along road sides and may affect the movement of local pedestrians and vehicles through or around the wards. Suitable sites for the lay-down or parking of vehicles and equipment will be identified by the CDC and the respective block, ward and township administrators prior to construction to ensure these are not placed on or near any areas utilised by the community or areas of cultural significance. 328. The presence of construction workers from outside and within the township wards can increase the risk of highly contagious communicable and/or sexually transmitted diseases. In order to reduce the likelihood of the spread of highly contagious diseases and STI/HIV/AIDS to the community, measures to mitigate this will include a requirement to have an awareness campaign for construction personnel and residents prior to mobilisation and for it to be included as an integral part of the tender document. 329. There may be community concerns about the impact of additional construction personnel from outside township community on specific religious and cultural sensitivities. Measures to mitigate these concerns include a requirement for all construction personnel to have a full site induction prior to the commencement of any works within the townships to raise awareness of any religious and cultural matters while working on the sub-project. This induction will be carried out with the assistance of block, ward and townships administrators and CDC and other ward representatives.

3. Impacts in Construction Phase 330. Roads. Concrete will be mixed at existing commercial batching plants within Yangon and moved by concrete truck to the roads under construction. Due to the potential impact on access during construction, it is intended that one side of the road at a time will be poured to allow access for motorbikes, cars and pedestrians to their houses. The sequencing of this work will be done in consultation with the ward administrators and the residents within each road. 331. Solid waste management. The construction works in Hlaing Tharyar will only involve the preparation of a concrete pad in the designated place upon which the portable tanks will be placed by the truck from the YCDC Cleansing Department. The impact from the construction of the concrete pads for the steel waste tanks is considered negligible and can be addressed by the general EMP prepared for road construction.

332. Drainage. The short section of drain will be cleaned out by hand to a depth of 1.2 m with an inner dimension of 0.9 m. The soil will be used for backfill of the sidewalls and the solid waste material will be disposed of in the solid waste disposal tanks. It will be lined by concrete and lead to a concrete outfall structure into the canal. Concrete will be supplied by truck from a batching plant. a. Earth Works 333. There are no significant effects on the wider off-site physical environment as a result of the construction works as there is extensive urban development in all directions of the sub- projects in each ward. 334. Localised impacts as a result of earth works may include damage to the small lined and un-lined side drains that run along the frontage of each allotment, especially within narrow roads. Mitigation measures include ensuring that the pavement preparation works occur only within the surveyed road alignment and the area subject to soil disturbance is minimised in all other sub-projects. 335. The roots of trees along the ward roads will generally extend to the edge of the canopy of the tree. As these trees overhang the road alignment, tree roots may be damaged during excavation of the pavement area resulting in potential for injury or decay of the tree. While all efforts will be made to minimise the removal of the main root system of the tree during excavation of the pavement area, the potential for damage to the concrete pavement may occur in the future as tree roots develop and lift or crack the pavement. This risk will be discussed with the block and ward administrators and CDC as required. No specific trees have been identified for removal. 336. Site preparation using construction machinery within narrow confined roads can result in unexpected loss of fuels, oils and hydraulic fluids from broken pressurised hydraulic hoses onto the ground or near the water storage containers, drains, driveways of the residents with consequential contamination of the soil and the inadequate drainage channels along the house frontage. This may lead to hydrocarbons entering the wider surface water drainage system and contaminate groundwater resources and a potential fire risk within the confined urban environment. Mitigation measures include conducting pre-start daily inspections of all hydraulic lines and fuel lines on construction machinery and equipment prior to daily movement into the sub-project roads and storing such machinery outside the confines of the block and ward internal road system at the end of each working day. This will be identified and form part of the CC’s operating procedures contained within the CEMP. b. Disposal of Spoil 337. The excavation of the pavement area will generate spoil that must be removed and disposed of in a predetermined and approved location when it is surplus to the requirements or unsuitable to balance the amount of fill on the sub-project roads. This spoil may result in blockage of side drains or impede the flow of surface water runoff to side drains or water storage ponds. 338. Sites for spoil disposal have yet to be confirmed and may involve raising levels of degraded unpaved roads in the vicinity of the sub-project ward and where this has been approved by YCDC, CDC and the respective block, ward and township administrators. 339. The Contractor will provide a detailed Construction EMP which will identify the means and method of spoil disposal. The Contractor will prepare and sign an agreement with the block, ward and township administrators that shows the spoil disposal plan for each township and forward a copy to the PSC and PMU for approval. Any variations to the method and location of disposal must be specifically approved by PSC prior to making any changes. Monitoring to ensure compliance will be carried out during site preparation works by the CC, PIT, CDC and IC as part of the monitoring program.

c. Air Quality 340. There is no relevant base line data for air quality in the two townships. There are no anticipated long term impacts on air quality from the physical works component. However, exhaust emissions will be generated from construction machinery and vehicles and this is of particular concern as this can cause respiratory issues to residents, particularly the elderly and the very young, who live in close proximity to each other within the narrow confines of the block roads where houses are built right up to the right ROW. The exhaust fumes can enter the rooms facing the road and increase the build-up of carbon monoxide and fumes, especially where machinery is idling on the road. 341. Mitigation measures will include: i) the use and operation of fully maintained vehicles and diesel equipment that have been certified as compliant with local air quality legislation prior to mobilisation to each project site, ii) avoiding unnecessary operation of vehicles and equipment, iii) turning off all machinery when not in immediate use to avoid the build up of toxic fumes within the confines of the narrow block roads and iv) advising residents to close doors and windows and to remove laundry from the road frontage when machinery is operating within the block road. d. Dust Control 342. Potential sources of dust generation on the sub-project roads sites include i) activity associated with the excavation and dumping of spoil from the pavement area and placement of fill material to level the road alignment ii) the movement of machinery on the bare areas along the narrow roads during excavation and pouring of concrete onto the prepared area from concrete trucks. 343. Dust produced during excavation works during the dry season can be a significant issue for the residents within the narrow streets, especially in those roads where houses have been constructed right up to the road frontage of the property. Dust can permeate throughout the entire house and affect the residents, particularly the elderly and the very young and those with respiratory illnesses. 344. Dust mitigation measures will include the application of water from water trucks or sprinklers onto the dry road surface during preparation. This work is initiated before visible dust is suspended in the air and affecting households along the road from construction activity. The residents will be advised by the CC and the CDC to close windows and doors e. Waste Management 345. The guiding principle to be adopted will be to remove all inorganic and solid waste generated from the construction of the roads within the wards. There may be some exceptions where surplus concrete from each section of road being poured may be used for fill material within the pavement area or utilised for fill for the construction of nearby community facilities or houses. This will be done in consultation with the ward administrators and CDC for each road at the appropriate time. 346. The volume of solid construction waste from the sub-project is not considered to be significant and will be generally less than the volume of daily household waste produced in each ward. However, the use of any community domestic household waste receptacles for construction waste will not be permitted in order to avoid the risk of these facilities being over- extended. 347. There are generally no public latrines within the construction area and the contractor will need to provide suitable portable latrines for the workers. These will need to be placed near the active construction site in places approved by the CDC for that particular part of the sub-project. 348. The contractor will adhere to a Waste Management Plan with the following provisions:

a. All construction and general waste generated by the project will be removed daily from the site by the contractor and disposed of in a designated YCDC waste disposal area. b. Construction will be subject to the waste hierarchy to ensure efficient use and management of resources. The preference is for prevention of waste at source. This means the effective management of materials on site through good house-keeping and work planning, in order to generate less waste. The procurement of materials which have less packaging for example, would be preferable. Waste minimization is the second preferred option. Reuse or recycling options will be considered prior to disposal. c. Remove all inorganic solid waste include steel, formwork, fittings, pipes, hydraulic hoses, tyres and any other spare parts used with construction equipment as soon as practicable. d. Liquid wastes are not to be disposed of within the ward drainage system. e. Washing out of concrete trucks is not permitted within the wards. Any waste concrete is to be disposed of in appropriate disposal area. f. The contractor will provide appropriate waste storage containers for worker’s construction and hazardous liquid wastes; Install confined storage points of solid and liquid wastes away from sensitive receptors. g. The contractor will ensure proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils prior to construction site handover. h. Municipal type waste from construction workers will be collected daily and disposed of in locations where YCDC provides regular collections. i. Hazardous waste such as oily rags or chemical containers, will be neutralized as far as possible, kept as dry as possible to reduce likelihood of leachate and will be disposed of at an approved YCDC disposal site. j. Contractors will ensure that there is no onsite burning of waste at all times.

f. Storage and Handling of Hydrocarbons 349. Hydrocarbons (fuel, lubricants and solvents) temporarily stored, dispensed and used during construction works by vehicles and plant and equipment pose a potential hazard to the suburban environment, communities as well as the township drainage system if leakage or spillage occurs. The storage of hydrocarbons required for construction works will not be permitted within the township and will be supplied on a daily basis by special fuel trucks or service vehicles. 350. Extreme care is required to ensure there are no accidental spills or likelihood of uncontrolled combustion which may result in the extensive and rapid spread of fire throughout the ward and consequential personal injury or loss of life and residential property. 351. Measures to minimise or prevent the environmental impacts of accidental spillage of hydrocarbons include: • A comprehensive site induction prepared by the contractor, with input from the ward administrators and CDC, will be required for all construction personnel involved with the project. • Development of procedures for cleaning up and reporting of accidental spills. • Refuelling of vehicles and machinery will not be permitted within the block perimeter to reduce the likelihood of spillage, pollution of the internal drainage system and reduce the potential for uncontrolled combustion near houses.

• Vehicles and machinery will be refuelled by authorized and trained personnel only in designated areas to reduce the likelihood of spillage. Spill kits will be made available on all refuelling and service vehicles in the case of accidental spillage. • Drip trays will be used during refuelling or servicing to prevent spillages onto the ground. • Vehicle and machinery maintenance and servicing will not be permitted within the ward boundaries. Collection, disposal and removal of all waste oil, filters to the designated disposal site. g. Site De-commissioning and Rehabilitation 352. Site decommissioning and rehabilitation activities will be progressive and upon completion of construction works within each block. It will include the removal of all construction material, used or unused, and residual solid waste. All efforts will be made to engage local labour to undertake the site decommissioning works and where practicable, the use of women’s or community groups. h. Use of Water 353. Potable and fresh water is a scarce commodity at most project sites, especially during the construction season when precipitation is limited. Construction activities may impact on the supply of stored water in ponds within the township. There may be insufficient water within the villages to rely on any stored water for construction related activities, including the cleaning of concrete trucks and other vehicles and machinery. 354. Mitigation measures to ensure the project does not impact on the stored water supply include i) the contractor to be self sufficient in the supply and storage of all fresh and potable water. ii) use only stored water from designated ponds for dust suppression as required only with the express approval of block, ward and township administrators and CDC. iii) stored water is not to be used for washing out concrete trucks. iv) vehicles and machinery are not to be cleaned near any stored water ponds. i. Traffic Management 355. The construction activity will temporarily impede traffic flow and reduce parking for resident’s vehicles in front of their house during the construction period. In order to limit the inconvenience to local traffic movement, road construction will be undertaken along one side of the road at a time in order to permit access to residents’ houses. 356. Warning signs will be provided to indicate which side of the road is being prepared and to prevent access onto the active section of road or facility under construction. The involvement of the CDCs will be critical in liaising with contractors and residents to ensure the efficient completion of the road. j. Health and Safety 357. Occupational health and safety (OHS) risks of construction works represent a potential hazard to the residents as a result of the movement of construction within the confined roads in the blocks. The working area within the ward blocks is small and the movement of residents and their means of transport will require a level of coordination between the contractor and the residents. 358. Risk to both construction personnel and residents can be mitigated by having a clear health and safety policy and an emergency response plan. In order to minimise health and safety risks, the Contractor will provide the PMU with a comprehensive and relevant OHS Plan which will: a. Define responsibilities and authorities within the Contractor’s staff for adhering to safety and health requirements.

b. Provide personal protection equipment (PPE) for all full time staff and part time workers. c. Define appropriate emergency and medical evacuation procedures. d. Undertake daily hazard identification checklists, risk assessments and toolbox sessions. e. Prepare appropriate Work Method Statements for each construction activity and ensure all personnel understand the task before commencing work for the day. f. Clearly define procedures for handling construction materials, conducting tests, operating heavy equipment within the confined block roads. g. Provide cautionary signs in all operational areas. h. Ensure operators of vehicles and equipment are properly licensed and trained. i. Provide information on emergency assistance procedures on community notice boards and location of first aid kits and other emergency equipment. j. Ensure safety and inspection procedures, setting schedules for regular checking. k. Set procedures for safe handling of toxic materials and other hazardous substances. 359. There will also be a program to provide general Health and Safety Awareness for construction workers which will include: • Introduction to health and safety issues in construction sites. • Education on basic hygiene practices and procedures to minimise spread of tropical or contagious diseases. • HIV/AIDS and STD awareness, including information on methods of transmission and protection measures. • Prohibition of drugs and alcohol on construction sites. • Availability of medical assistance for emergency or non-emergency situations. k. Noise and Vibration 360. Noise and vibration will be generated from construction machinery and particularly from excavation works associated with the preparation of the pavement area. This will be noticeable within the confined space in the blocks and may become a nuisance. The noise levels are expected to be intermittent and of relatively short duration. 361. Noise mitigation measures include: • Use modern and well-maintained equipment with functional noise suppressors. • Operate machinery and vibrating rollers during daylight hours only. • Liaise with administrators and CDC to minimise disruption and impacts on the residents.

4. Impacts in Operation and Maintenance Phase 362. Roads. There is little soil erosion anticipated within the wards on this flat terrain during the operation of the road. Temporary flooding may occur as a result of blockages within both the formed and unformed lateral drains along the road due to household waste and plastic bags and bottles. This will be minimised with the provision of new waste collection facilities at the ends of each road and with the public awareness and capacity building within the project wards that is part of the inputs into this sub-project.

363. The main impacts during the O&M phase are assessed to be damage to the sub- project concrete roads due to the activities of the residents within the blocks. Damage may occur from overloaded trucks used to provide building supplies and materials, storage of these materials on the road and mixing of concrete on the pavement, as well as any tracked machinery used to prepare house sites. 364. Periodic maintenance activities include clearing of the cross-culverts to ensure flooding does not occur. This work is best scheduled prior to the onset of each wet season. Regular monitoring of the road by block administrators and CDC to ensure building activities undertaken by residents do not result in damage to the pavement, especially along the outside edge of the road. 365. Mitigation measures include a comprehensive public awareness and capacity building campaign which incorporates improving attitudes to solid waste management and drain maintenance and the impacts of activities that may result in damage to the road pavement. 366. Solid waste management. The portable steel tanks used in Hlaing Tharyar will not need much in the way of maintenance as part of their use. The concrete pads upon which they are placed will not likely to require any repair for the duration of the time they are in use. As with the solid waste stations, the success of the collection facility lies with the regular collection of solid waste by YCDC and the use of these tanks by the community. 367. The solid waste management sub-project will itself help to mitigate the potential impacts of waste by providing waste receptacles and additional collection vehicles. The capacity building programme will include training for communities and local government bodies in better waste management and environmental protection. 368. Drainage. The key part of operation and maintenance of the drain outside of the school is to ensure the drain is not used as a place for the disposal of solid waste, plastic bags and other household refuse. This will require the full and coordinated support of the school and the wider community including the parents and sellers of produce who frequent the entrance. A solid waste bin should be placed nearby and emptied as part of the regular YCDC waste collection program. A community awareness program with the school and the community with suitable signs placed at the entrance should be carried out.

G. Implementation Schedule 369. Construction is scheduled to start on September 2017 and is expected to be completed by May 2018. The contractor will be required to develop and implement a construction EMP (CEMP) to demonstrate the contractor fully understands the contract requirements. The contractor will be supported by the PMU during the preparation of this document which will be submitted to the PMU for review and approval prior to the commencement of works. The EMP will form part of the tender documents. 370. Capacity development is an integral part of this project and the environmental specialists of the project management consultant team will provide inputs for environmental aspects as the need arises. During the initial stage of the construction period, the environmental specialist will conduct orientation meetings with the construction contractors’ workers regarding the environmental requirements associated with the construction activities and EMP implementation. 371. The EMP will be updated by the IC to reflect any changes in the construction methodology or approach when final confirmation of the road design has been determined.

H. Environmental Monitoring 372. During the period of project design, monitoring will ensure that (i) design measures are specified for any sensitive areas, (ii) bidding documents contain environmental requirements, and (iii) criteria for the selection of qualified contractors are clearly defined and followed.

373. Monitoring of environmental impacts is also carried out during the construction and post-construction period in conjunction with the community. This measures environmental impacts to ensure that critical factors are not exceeded. It also helps to determine whether mitigation measures are effective or should be altered or improved to address the observed and measured change in impacts. This also assists in the evaluation of impacts as an input to decisions on future projects. 374. When construction commences, a key aspect of environmental monitoring is to ensure overall contractor compliance with the EMP. It also serves to assess the effectiveness of environmental mitigation and management measures. During construction, monitoring the compliance with environmental mitigation measures in the environmental management plan for each subproject will be done by the PIU, with oversight from the PMU. The PMU will report to ECD and ADB of the project’s performance on environmental safeguards and provide regular monitoring reports. 375. The CDC is organised within each ward and they arrange and coordinate the participation of the community to attend public meetings and act as the vehicle for providing the community with information about the project. The CDC will have the responsibility to provide a monitoring role during the operation and maintenance phase of the sub-projects. One CDC member from each ward will be appointed to the GRC. 376. Due to the small scale of the project activities, any emissions as a result of construction work are anticipated to be temporary in nature and below the upper limits for noise, dust, vibration and water quality set down in the National Environmental Quality (Emission) Guidelines (2105). Specific quality monitoring of these parameters will be conducted should the precautions as outlined in the EMP be insufficient or the activity is expected to exceed the emission levels for that specific activity. This will be monitored during the construction phase.

I. Proposed budget and responsibilities 377. The following table sets out the estimated budgets required for implementation of the corrective measures and monitoring activities during the three phases of implementation of the solid waste management, and community water treatment sub-projects. The budget presented is exclusive of salaries and supporting facilities (transport, office equipment) for staff from PMU and PIU dedicated to environmental supervision of construction sites. Similarly, for the water quality monitoring to be performed by YCDC Laboratory, only the costs for equipment and chemicals are considered and do not include laboratory fees.

Table 19: Tentative Budget for EMP Implementation in Hlaing Tharyar, Yangon City

Responsibilities No Corrective Measure/Action Funding Implementation Cost Duration Total US$ (Years) US$ Actions Preliminary to Construction Start 1 Appoint of PMU staff PMU PMU (1) 2 2 Environmental training of PMU PIU/PIT 1,500 1 1,500 PMU staff 3 Health & Safety training PMU PIU/PIT 1,500 1 1,500 4 Preparation of PMU PIU 500 1 500 communications material 5 Preparation of contractor PMU PIU 2,500 1 2,500 E&S specifications Actions in Construction Phase 1 Waste management Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 2 Management of sediment Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 and spoil 3 Hazardous substances Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 management 4 Accidental spill preparedness Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 and response 5 Erosion and sediment control Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 6 Management of camp Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 7 Public health management Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 8 Management of air quality, Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 dust and noise 9 Management of road traffic Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 and access 10 Management of water quality Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 11 Environmental and social Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 training plan 12 Monitoring of Construction PMU PIU/PIT (2) 0.5 activities 13 Site cleaning & rehabilitation Contractor Contractor (3) 0.5 Actions in Operational Phase 1 Monitor damage to road and YCDC / PMU CDC /YCDC 500 2 1,000 road drainage 2 Monitor effectiveness and YCDC / PMU CDC /YCDC 750 5 3,750 compliance with waste collection TOTAL 10,750 Contingencies 20% 2,150 TOTAL 12,900

Notes: (1) Budget internal to PMU operation cost (2) Budget is part of PIT contractor (3) Related environmental and social expenses are included into construction costs of the CC

Table 20: Environmental Management Plan - Road Improvement and Solid Waste Sub-Projects, Hlaing Tharyar

Topographic • Non-invasive surveys that • Nil required PMU/IC IC/ PMU • Nil • Nil Nil surveys have no environmental impact Climate change • Risk of projected increased • Road culverts have sufficient cross IC / PMU IC / PMU • Review of • Visual IC / PMU adaptation rainfall may result in section for projected increased plans and inspection localised flooding due to rainfall designs, works blocked side drains and • Ensure all climate change mitigation implemented culverts measures incorporated in design are implemented • Ensure road level is above that of the side drains Disposal of • Damage to areas used by • Confirm with administrators, CDC IC / PMU IC / PMU • Volume of • Once, IC / PMU surplus spoil community and community the location of any spoil is details on • Alteration of surface water suitable spoil disposal sites within calculated, plan flows from poorly located the township • Designated spoil disposal areas • Select sites where surface water sites • Loss of sediment from flows are not impeded which can confirmed disposal site into drainage result in localised flooding or system or water storage vegetation has been modified or are ponds suitable for other community

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification purposes eg playground, road upgrade or in-fill for community uses Location of lay- • Potential for disturbance by • Confirm the designated location of PMU / CDC IC / PMU • Confirmation • Once IC / PMU down area construction workers within any storage area to be used within of location of • Area clearly or near community facilities the ward or township with CDC and lay-down marked on eg temple, meeting places, community options, ground water storage ponds potential • Ensure no potential environmental • Written impacts as a result of location and environmental impacts agreement operation of lay-down area with CDC • Identify any areas of cultural and spiritual significance Temporary • Potential for disturbance by • Location of temporary facility site will Construction IIC • Location of • Once, IC / PMU / CDC construction construction workers within be identified in conjunction with the contractor/ facility is in details on facility to provide or near community facilities CDC and CC CDC agreed site plan shelter to workers eg temples, meeting places Presence of • Transmission of STI and • Conduct a communicable diseases Construction IIC • Awareness • Once, IC / PMU construction HIV/AIDS between and and HIV/AIDS awareness campaign contractor/ program program workers in within project sites by for the selected townships and NGO conducted delivered communities. workers and residents construction personnel using suitably • Medical • As required, • Transmission of highly qualified NGO or health specialist clearance all contagious communicable PRIOR to mobilization of contractor certificates personnel diseases • Ensure all construction personnel • GRM process with • Social disruption have medical clearance for any available for medical contagious/communicable diseases public clearance • Possibility of conflicts or prior to mobilisation confirmed antagonism between inspection residents and Contractor • Confirm Grievance Redress • MOU between • Once, GRM Mechanism and advise community of in place • Children are exposed to village and the process with awareness contractor • Once, GRC potential sexual exploitation campaign in wards and township. • GRC formed formed • Set up Grievance Redress • EHS officer on • Once, MOU Committee and provide training in signed dealing with GRM procedure site • Once, EHS on site

machinery pollute road lubricant machinery way, health and safety risk for leaks to residents • Daily, CC / CDC / IC machinery stored outside the confines of the block Disposal of • Loss of sediment from • Ensure spoil disposed of only in Construction IIC • Location and • Daily, visual CC / PIT / CDC surplus spoil disposal site into drainage approved sites contractor / IC use of / IC system or water storage • Contractor to provide detailed CEMP approved spoil ponds identifying means and location of disposal site spoil disposal within each township

Operation of • Emission of excessive • Maintain construction equipment, Construction IIC • Exhaust • Daily, visual CC / PIT / CDC construction exhaust fumes and smoke clean all filters and use clean diesel contractor / emissions / IC machinery and from vehicles and • Any machinery generating visible PMU from vehicles machinery reduces air smoke is not permitted for machinery generating quality within confined construction activities within the emissions block roads causing ward boundary respiratory issues for residents, especially elderly • Avoid unnecessary machine and very young operation within the block, turn machinery off when not in immediate use to avoid build up of toxic fumes • Advise residents to close doors and windows, remove laundry from road frontage when machinery is operating within the block road,

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification Construction • Increase in levels of dust in • Apply water on exposed soil from Construction IIC • Levels of dust • As required, CC / PIT / CDC activities during and around the water trucks or sprinklers contractor / during visual / IC the dry season construction area affecting • Limit or suspend construction PMU construction • Community may cause dust residents with respiratory activity within wards during periods • Application of complaints nuisance illness, the elderly and the of strong winds water on block very young • Limit truck movement through roads during • Limited supplies of water wards during periods of strong dry dusty for dust suppression winds weather • Dust from exposed spoil • Use water from water storage • Spoil disposal disposal sites ponds only with the express sites permission of the engineer and compacted CDC when required • Apply water to block roads to reduce visible dust levels due to construction activities • Spoil disposal sites compacted to reduce exposure of loose debris from wind, if required Solid waste • Contamination of urban • All construction and general waste Construction IIC • Removal of • Weekly, CC / PIT / CDC generation environment generated by the project will be contractor / solid waste visual / IC • Increase in volume of removed daily from the site by the PMU from the ward waste material within contractor and disposed of in a to YCDC drainage structures designated YCDC waste disposal waste disposal area. site • Impact on residential solid waste collection facilities • Construction will be subject to the waste hierarchy to ensure efficient use and management of resources. The preference is for prevention of waste at source. This means the effective management of materials on site through good house-keeping and work planning, in order to generate less waste. The procurement of materials which have less packaging for example,

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification would be preferable. Waste minimization is the second preferred option. Reuse or recycling options will be considered prior to disposal. • Remove all inorganic solid waste include steel, formwork, fittings, pipes, hydraulic hoses, tyres and any other spare parts used with construction equipment as soon as practicable. • Liquid wastes are not to be disposed of within the ward drainage system. • Washing out of concrete trucks is not permitted within the wards. Any waste concrete is to be disposed of in appropriate disposal area. • The contractor will provide appropriate waste storage containers for worker’s construction and hazardous liquid wastes; Install confined storage points of solid and liquid wastes away from sensitive receptors. • The contractor will ensure proper removal and disposal of any significant residual materials, wastes and contaminated soils prior to construction site handover. • Municipal type waste from construction workers will be collected daily and disposed of in locations where YCDC provides regular collections. • Hazardous waste such as oily rags or chemical containers, will be

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification neutralized as far as possible, kept as dry as possible to reduce likelihood of leachate and will be disposed of at an approved YCDC disposal site. • Contractors will ensure that there is no onsite burning of waste at all times. Waste water and • Contamination of • Install a portable toilet facility with Construction IIC • Self contained • Once, CC / PIT / CDC sewage groundwater and drainage an appropriate self-contained contractor / latrines on site visual / IC channels sewage tank for use by construction PMU/CDC and used. • As required, • Incidence of water-borne workers • Disposal of grey water diseases due to lack of • Facility to be removed at the grey water and and septic public latrines completion of the construction septic tank tank • Concrete wash waste from works material material the trucks contaminates or • Washing of machinery and • Concrete disposed of blocks the drainage system equipment, concrete trucks is not wash waste safely permitted within the wards disposal • Once, facility removed • Daily as required during pouring of concrete Storage and • Potential hazard to the • No hazardous chemicals and Construction IIC • Hazardous • Once, CC / PIT / CDC handling of urban environment, hydrocarbons will be stored within contractor / Waste visual / IC hydrocarbons; drainage channels from the township boundary PMU Management • Daily, emergency or accidental spills • All fuels and lubricants to be Plan is in materials accidental spills • Pollution of groundwater supplied by designated fuel trucks place not stored of hydrocarbons • Risk of uncontrolled or service vehicles • Storage of within combustion of • Develop Hazardous Waste hazardous township hydrocarbons, potential for Management Plan to cover chemical and • Weekly, extensive spread of fire hazardous materials and oil storage hydrocarbon is inspection within the wards not located

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification • Safety risk to workers and and spills, including any storage on within the records and community a supply barge or ship. township spill register • All spills will be cleaned up boundary • Weekly, immediately as part of emergency • Use of spill spill register response plan register updated • Spill clean-up materials are and visual available at each storage site inspection • All waste hydrocarbons to be removed from the ward • Maintain a register of all hydrocarbon spills Refuelling of • Potential hazard to the • Use drip trays during refuelling or Construction IIC • Drip trays in • Daily, visual CC / PIT / CDC machinery and urban environment, servicing contractor / use / IC servicing of drainage channels from • Refuelling of machinery is not PMU • Refuelling equipment accidental spills permitted within block boundary outside of • Pollution of groundwater • Provide safety equipment and block • Risk of uncontrolled training for all fuel handlers boundary combustion of • Machinery maintenance and hydrocarbons, potential for servicing is not permitted with ward extensive spread of fire boundary within the wards • All waste oil, filters to be removed • Safety risk to workers and from the township community Demobilisation of • Residual construction • Removal of all construction Construction IIC • Construction • Once, CC / PIT / CDC contractor and material remaining within material, used or unused, and contractor / material visual on / IC rehabilitation of ward may cause a safety residual solid waste PMU removed from completion temporary site issue for the residents site of especially children • Site demobilisati rehabilitation on has been completed

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification Use of water • Lack of sufficient potable • Temporary construction facility to Construction IIC • Separate • Daily, visual CC / PIT / CDC water for construction provide sufficient quantities of contractor / potable water / IC workers during dry period potable water supply for workers PMU tanks for • Lack of water within • Manage water use during periods of workers storage ponds for dust dry weather from designated water • Use of potable suppression ponds water supplies • Contamination of potable • Do not use water from storage for water storage ponds ponds for dust suppression construction or dust • Machinery and equipment not to be suppression cleaned near water storage ponds Traffic • Construction will impede • Construct road along one side at a Construction IIC • Warning signs • Daily, CC / PIT / CDC Management traffic flow, resident access time contractor / in place warning signs / IC and vehicle parking within • Provide warning signs to prevent CDC / PMU • Parking of in place the road interaction with vehicles and resident’s • Community machinery vehicles complaints • Involve CDC to liaise with residents • Accident and contractor reports Transport of • Damage to community • Immediately repair any damage Construction IIC • Damage to • As required, CC / PIT / CDC construction property and utilities eg caused to community or private contractor / property visual / IC materials to block water pipes, rain tanks, facilities PMU during • Written roads; operation power utilities • Ongoing community consultation construction records of of machinery • Damage to private regarding traffic movements • Compensation any within block roads property, rain tanks outside paid for compensati of ROW damage on paid Presence of • Transmission of STD and • Site induction conducted for all Construction IIC • Site induction • Register of CC / PIT / CDC construction HIV/AIDS between and construction personnel at start of contractor / completed participants / IC workers in within project sites by construction with the input from PMU • Level of local maintained communities. workers and villagers CDC employment • Register of • Transmission of highly • Ward protocols agreed; worker • MOU between locals contagious diseases awareness as part of mobilization village and employed • Social disruption i.e. prohibition on unauthorised contractor • Protocols in people entering camp place

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification • Possibility of conflicts or • Workers to respect ward and antagonism between landowner boundaries, observe residents and Contractor codes of conduct and avoid damage to properties and resources • Employ local persons where practicable • Maximise the use of goods and services from local communities, where practicable Construction • Health and safety risks to • Contractor to provide health and Construction IIC • H&S Policy • Once, plan CC / PIT / CDC activities will the community from the safety policy contractor / • Driver safety in place / IC occur within the movement of heavy • Provide driver safety awareness PMU awareness • Once, driver ward boundary; machinery within the blocks program for all drivers as well as program program operation of and wards community to reduce the likelihood conducted delivered machinery within • Damage to property or of vehicle accidents or contact with block roads • General public • Daily, visual structures people, structures, not in active hazard ID • Hazard identification and risk construction during assessments to reduce risk of harm zone, barriers construction and injury, prevent spills of in place, • Daily, and hazardous substances. hazardous as required • Prepare Work Method Statements areas marked for each activity • Damage to • Keep residents away from property machinery operating with the block roads • Ensure reversing signals are installed on construction vehicles or provide flagmen as required to ensure safe operations • Mark dangerous areas with reflective tape or other effective means to identify hazardous areas during the hours of darkness

IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification • Provide safe access around work sites to keep public away from harm. Work on one side of the road at a time to provide access for residents. • Provide cautionary signs in all operational areas use safety barriers and fences as required. • Provide compensation for damaged property or structures Operation of • Noise and vibration in • Construction vehicles with Construction IIC • Vehicles have • As required CC / PIT / CDC construction plant community functional noise suppressors. contractor / appropriate • Daily, visual / IC and equipment • Impacts on construction • Contractor will develop a daily work PMU and functional creating noise exhaust • Community workers and residents schedule of operations with CDC to complaints and vibration identify hours and days of no work systems due to religious and cultural • Construction activities work carried • Limit noisy construction activities to out within day time hours, i.e. construction specified times activities prohibited between 6pm • Doors and and 6am windows shut • Advise residents to close windows during noisy and doors during construction operations • Provide all workers with appropriate • Workers using personal protection equipment (ear- appropriate muffs etc) PPE during noisy operations OPERATION PHASE Runoff from • Increased rates of run-off • Provide capacity building to Residents, Residents • Presence of • Daily during YCDC / CDC / concrete road will increase volumes in residents through public awareness CDC, ward / CDC solid waste in wet season, IC pavement flows existing drains that are campaigns to improve attitudes to administrators side drains otherwise into side drains often blocked with waste solid waste management • Free flow of weekly; no drainage water blockage of

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IMPACT MITIGATION IMPACT MONITORING Mitigation Frequency and Mitigation Parameter to be Monitoring Project Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures Cost means of Responsibility monitored Responsibility Activities Allocation verification • Each resident to participate in the culverts or removal of solid waste from side side drains drains and disposal in new SWM receptacles provided as part of this project Improper solid • Blockage of side drains due • New waste receptacles provided Residents, Residents • Presence of • Daily during YCDC / CDC / waste disposal to solid waste and • Additional collection vehicles CDC, ward / CDC solid waste in wet season, IC household refuse, plastic provided to facilitate more regular administrators, side drains otherwise bags etc collections YCDC • Free flow of weekly; no blockage of • Flood waters and solid • Provide capacity building to drainage water waste from drains enter culverts or residents through public awareness side drains houses campaigns to improve attitudes to • Potential for water borne solid waste management diseases due to stagnant • Each resident to participate in the water removal of solid waste from side drains and disposal in new SWM receptacles provided as part of this project Residential • Damage to road pavement • Ensure all material placed on Residents, Residents • Construction • As required, CDC, ward construction from overloaded trucks, concrete pavement is removed and CDC, ward material road is clear administrators / activities within dumping of aggregate and concrete washed of debris, waste administrators placed on road of general IC ward blocks storage of construction concrete • Damage to construction materials concrete material, • Damage to road pavement pavement property edges from tracked • Presence of machinery concrete • Concrete mixed on road mixing on pavement damages road pavement surface

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XI.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

378. The sub-projects will significantly improve the environmental conditions and the general quality of life of the residents within the two townships. The overall environmental impact will be positive, by reducing the occurrence of stagnant polluted water through better roads within the selected wards, providing better access for the residents, reducing the volume of solid waste within the streets and the side drains by providing solid waste collection facilities and the provision of water treatment facilities which will provide year-round potable water to the community. 379. Potential negative environmental impacts relate mainly nuisances which may occur during the construction phase. As the sub-projects are located within a densely populated urban environment, the nuisance risks during construction tend to be higher than in a rural environment. These nuisances include blockage of access, disruption to community facilities and activities, noise, engine exhaust and general dust issues. These are localised, temporary and can be managed and brought to acceptable levels through the implementation and effective monitoring of the Environmental Management Plan in combination with a solid contractual framework and effective monitoring of activities and impacts within the construction area. 380. The project as proposed for the five wards in Dala and Hlaing Tharyar Townships is therefore classified as Category B according to the ADB’s classification system which involves the preparation of this IEE. This category refers to projects that are judged to have some adverse environmental impacts that can be mitigated with an appropriate EMP but of lesser degree or significance than those for Category A projects. No further environmental assessment is therefore required.

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Appendix 1: Dala Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project

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Figure 11: Location of proposed solid waste collection station, Aunt Gyi West Ward

Figure 12: Location of proposed solid waste collection station, Ward 11/14

11/14 Ward , Block 1, Waste Collection Station

t e e r t S

e t n e o e r K t B.E.P.S

g S

n k u u a a y d N a P

Location of proposed Waste collection station

10'

10' Waste Collection Station

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Appendix 2: Dala Township Community Water Treatment Facilities Sub-Project

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Figure 13: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 6, Block 1

6 Ward , Block 1 (Kan Thayar East)

reet ng St Mau

U Yin

e r

t Tube Well

y a

Tube Well

a KParno Tphoasyeard P tounbd e(E waset)lls K

Tube Well

8' 7' Tube Well Generator House 15' Water Treatment Unit House

Location of proposed water treatment plant

Figure 14: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 6, Block 2

6 Ward , Block 2 ( Kan Thayar Pond West )

U Yin Maung Street Location of proposed water treatment plant

U Yin Maung (2) 5' Street

8' Tube Well t

7' e Generator House

15' e

Water Treatment Unit House r

l r

e a

e y

u a

h T

KParno pThoasyeadr P tounbde (S wouetlhls)

a K

Tube Well Tube Well

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Figure 15: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 6, Block 3

6 Ward , Block 3(Nyi Nyunt Yae Pond )

U Yin Maung Street

Water Treatment Unit House Location of proposed Generator House 8' 5' 7' water treatment plant 15'

e t

l l

e e e

u W

T e

c r Nyi Nyunt Yae Pond i

Proposed tube wells C

n u

l a

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e i

Figure 16: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Ward 11/14, Block 3

11/14 Ward , Block 3(Mahar Nandar Pond )

ell Tube W

Tube Well

ProMaphaor sNaendar Ptuonbd e wells

T u be 5' Tube Well W e ll 8' 6'-9" Gen7er'ator House 15' Water Treatment Unit House Pwae Sar Tan Street

Location of proposed water treatment plant

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Figure 17: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Block 1

Aunt Gyi West Ward , Block 1(Nat Sin Pond )

B ogyoke Street

) h t r o Location of proposed N (

W a ater Treatment Unit House Generator House m a water treatment plant t t 8' O 5' 7'

U s 15' e s u o

H l

l t l

e l

e e W

W r

e t

b e

u b S

T u

a B

PropoNast Sein dPon dtube wells

l l

Figure 18: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Block 2

Aunt Gyi West Ward , Block 2 (Ahnawyahtar 3 Pond)

t e e tr S ) 3 (

r ta h a y w a Location of pron posed h A

) h water treatment plant t u o S (

m a t t

U Tub A e W h G e n en ll a era w tor ya Ho W h us at t e er ar Tre S atm tr en e 5' t U et nit 7' Ho use

15' 8'

T ub e W Proposed tube wells ell

ll e W e b u T Tube Well

Bogyoke Street

108

Figure 19: Location of Water Treatment Plant and Tube Wells, Aunt Gyi West Ward , Block 3

Aunt Gyi West Ward , Block 3 (Sein Lei Pond)

Tube Well

ll e W ell W e be b Tu u T

Pond ProposPeodnd tube wells

Pond eet Main Str U Ottama

W at er 5' Tre atm 15' en G t U en n er7' it H ato ou r H se ou se

Tube Well Location of proposed water treatment plant

t e e r t

) 3 (

a t m e a t t e t e r t e O r S t U S w r a a y h K t i s g n n a u A y K o B

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Figure 20: Chemical Analysis of Pond Water, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala

YANGON CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HEALTH DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL ANALYSIS REPORT ON WATER SAMPLE Date 17.10.16 Source Pond water from Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala Township

Highest Desirable Maximum Parameter Result Level Permissible Level Appearance Slightly turbid Odor Nil Color, (Platinum, Cobalt 5 unit 50 unit scale) Turbidity (Silica, Scale unit) 5NTU 25NTU pH value 6.9 7.0-8.5 Total Solid p.p.m (mg/l) 379 500 mg/l 1500 mg/l Total Hardness(as Ca,Co3 ) 90 100mg/l 500mg/l Total Alkalinity(as Ca Co3) 60 Calcium as Ca 72 500mg/l 1500mg/l Magnesium as Mg 16.8 30mg/l 150mg/l Chloride as Cl 180 200mg/l 600mg/ Sulphate as SO4 0.2 200mg/l 400mg/l Total Iron as Fe Nil 0.3mg/l 1.0mg/l Lead 0.05mg/l 0.05mg/l Others

Remark pH value is lower than the highest desirable level, but within the permissible level.

Signature xxxx Dr. Myint Than Htun Assistant Head MaSa-1248/SaMa-14627 M.B.B.S, Med (PH)

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Figure 21: Chemical Analysis of Tube Well Water, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala

YANGON CITY DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE HEALTH DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL ANYLISIS REPORT ONWATER SAMPLE Date-17.10.16 Source Tube well water, Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala Township

Highest Desirable Maximum Parameter Result Level Permissible Level Appearance Slightly turbid Odor Nil Color (Platinum, Cobalt 5 unit 50 unit Scale Turbidity(Silica scale unit) 5 NTU 25NTU pH value 7.2 7.0 to 8.5 6.5 to 9.2 Total solids p.p.m(mg/l) 876 500mg/l 1500mg/l Total hardness(as Ca CO3) 120 100mg/l 500mg/l Total Alkalinity(as Ca CO3) 300 Calcium as Ca 8 75mg/l 200mg/l Magnesium as Mg 2.8 30mg/l 150mg/l Chloride as Cl 400 200mg/l 600mg/l Sulphate as SO4 Nil 200mg/l 400mg/l Total Iron as Fe Nil 0.3mg/l 1.0mg/l Lead 0.05mg/l 0.05mg/l Others

Remarks Total solid, total hardness and chloride are more than the highest desirable level but within the maximum permissible level.

Signature xxxxx Dr. Myint Than Htun Assistant Head MaSa-1284/SaMa-14627 M.B.B.S, Med.Sc (PH)

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Appendix 3: Hlaing Tharyar Township Road Improvement Sub-Project

112

Figure 22: Location of Roads to be Improved in Ward 7

Figure 23: Location of Roads to be Improved in Ward 10

113

Appendix 4: Hlaing Tharyar Township Solid Waste Management Sub-Project

114

Figure 24: Location of Movable Steel Waste Containers in Ward 7 Blocks 1 and 4

Figure 25: Location of Movable Steel Waste Containers in Ward 7 Block 19

Ward 7, Block 19

Pond

Former proposed movable steel waste tank

Revised locations suggested by HTY TDC B.E.P.S Cleansing Department

115

Figure 26: Location of Movable Steel Waste Containers in Ward 10 Blocks 1 and 3

Sagaing Street Ward 10, Block 1,3 & 9

Block (3)

n h

B.E.P.S A

Taung Twin Gyi St.

Block (1) Nat Maut Street

Block (9) Ma Gwae Street

Proposed locations for movable steel waste tank

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Appendix 5: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala Township

117

ACTIVITY REPORT Public Consultation Regarding Environmental Impact of Subprojects Aunt Gyi West Ward, Dala Township, Yangon City Date : 26th June 2017 Time : 13:00PM -15:00 PM Venue : Ward Office, AGW Ward Project Team Members Present: Project Team Leader - Mr. Richard Mabbitt International Environmental Specialist - Mr. Rene Weterings International Urban Infrastructure Specialist - Mr. Jacinto Paguigan International Social Safeguard Specialist - Mr. Felixberto Roquia International Solid Waste Expert - Mr. Nyrh Cabance Deputy Team Leader, PIT Head, Yangon - U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon - U Tin Sein National Environmental Specialist - U Myint Ngwe National Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist - Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Assistant Engineer, Yangon - U Aung Thuya Ko Assistant Engineer, Yangon - Daw Thandar Win Project Assistant, Yangon - Daw Naw Khu Htoo Say Representative from Yangon Region Yangon Regional Parliament Representative - U Htun Yee YCDC Representatives Assistant Engineer, Road & Bridge Department - U Maung Maung Lwin Assistant Engineer, TDC, Dala - U Khin Zaw Aung Assistant Engineer, TDC, Dala - U Zar Ni Htun TDC, Water Supply, Dala - Daw Than Than Lwin Former TDC Member - Daw Myint Myint Kyi Ward Office Representatives Ward Administrator - U Hla Myint Community Participants - (98) participants Refer to the attendance sheet Agenda of Activity The public consultation for environmental impacts of subproject was undertaken accompanied with national engineering and social specialists.

Time Activity/Topic Responsible person/ Facilitator 13:00-13:10 Presentation of project brief Project Team Leader

13:10-13:30 Subprojects in Aunt Gyi West Ward Senior Engineer, Yangon

118

13:30-13:40 Proposed SWM Plan Deputy Team Leader

13:40-14:000 Updated Project Activities of Engineering U Tin Sein, Senior Engineer 14:00-14:15 Environmental Safeguards U Myint Ngwe, Environmental Specialist 14:15-14:30 Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein, Social Safeguard Specialist 14:30-15:0 Invite questions and comments from public Deputy Team Leader and IC team 15:00 Close the public meeting.

Public Consultation Proceedings The public consultation meetings is started with the introducing the Implementing Consultant, International and national conducted by Project Team Leader. The senior engineer presents the updated sub-project brief for Water Treatment Facility, and Solid Waste Management using permanent concrete tank and motor bikes in Aunt Gyi Wesst Ward, Dala Township. The Deputy Team Leader presents about Solid Waste Management Plan including environmental issues of garbage and how to cleanse the solid waste. The national environmental specialist presents the Definition of Environment, Environmental Law-2012, Environmental Impact Assessment-2015, National Constitution-2008, National Environmental Policy-1994, needs for IEE and EMP reports and possible impacts during the construction stage. The national environmental specialist clarify that the consultation is part of the IEE process that will enable the incorporation of relevant views of the affected people and other stakeholders into the decision making process for the project implementation. The national environmental specialist explained about 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) process in Solid Waste Management and Decomposition. The national social safeguards and gender specialist presents the importance of social safeguards and Grievance Redress Mechanism process and formation of committee. The Project Team Leader explains the timeline for the project implementation. Questions and comments from public The Team Leader invites and raises the questions and comments from public. However the public has no more comments and questions for project. The national environmental specialist also encourage the questions, however the community are quiet in environmental awareness. Conclusion and way forward The outcome of the public consultation is the public has opportunity to hear the project update and realize how to solve the grievance. The public is in poverty and they hope that the infrastructure should be improved and so that their living standard should also be raised. Attachment 1. The list for attendance of participants

Myint Ngwe, National Environmental Specialist.

119

120

Appendix 6: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 6, Dala Township

121

ACTIVITY REPORT Public Consultation Regarding Environmental Impact of Subprojects Ward-6, Dala Township, Yangon City

Date : 28th June 2017 Time : 10:00AM -12:00 Noon Venue : Mahartharthana Rice Donation Hall, Ward-6 Project Team Members Present: Deputy Team Leader, PIT Head, Yangon - U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon - U Tin Sein National Environmental Specialist - U Myint Ngwe National Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist - Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Assistant Engineer, Yangon - U Aung Thuya Ko Assistant Engineer, Yangon - Daw Thandar Win Project Assistant, Yangon - Daw Naw Khu Htoo Say TDC Representatives Assistant Engineer, Road & Bridge Department -U Khin Zaw Aung Accountant -Daw Khin Pyoe Paing Former TDC Member -Daw Myint Myint Kyi CDC Representatives Block-1 - Daw Thuzar Win Community Participants - (35) participants Refer to the attendance sheet

Agenda The public consultation for environmental impacts of subproject was undertaken accompanied with national engineering and social specialists.

Time Activity/Topic Responsible person/ Facilitator

10:00-10:10 Presentation of project brief U Tin Sein Deputy Team Leader 10:10-10:30 Subprojects in Ward 6 U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon 10:30-10:40 Proposed SWM Plan Deputy Team Leader

10:40-11:000 Updated Project Activities of Engineering Senior Engineer

11:00-11:15 Environmental Safeguards U Myint Ngwe, Environmental Specialist 11:15-11:30 Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein, Social Safeguard Specialist 11:30-15:00 Invite questions and comments from public Deputy Team Leader and IC team

122

12:00 Close the public meeting.

Public Consultation Proceedings

The public consultation meetings is started with the introducing the National Implementing Consultants conducted by Deputy Team Leader. The senior engineer presents the updated sub-project brief for Water Treatment Facility, and Solid Waste Management in Ward-6, Dala Township. The senior engineer also presents about Solid Waste Management Plan including environmental issues of garbage and how to cleanse the solid waste. The national environmental specialist presents the Definition of Environment, Environmental Law-2012, Environmental Impact Assessment-2015, National Constitution-2008, National Environmental Policy-1994, needs for IEE and EMP reports and possible impacts during the construction stage. The national environmental specialist clarified that the consultation is part of the IEE process that will enable the incorporation of relevant views of the affected people and other stakeholders into the decision making process for the project implementation. The national environmental specialist explained about 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) process in Solid Waste Management and Decomposition. The national social safeguards and gender specialist presents the importance of social safeguards and Grievance Redress Mechanism process and formation of committee. The Deputy Team Leader explains the timeline for the project implementation. Questions and comments from public The Deputy Team Leader invites and raises the questions and comments from public and the questions and comments follow.

SNo Name Address Questions/Comments Resolutions 1 U Than Oo Block-3 IC Team should be clarified the Senior Engineer process of Water Treatment. explained the process of water treatment.

Conclusion and way forward The participants are hoping to start the project as earlier as possible. Attachment 1. The list for attendance of participants.

Myint Ngwe, National Environmental Specialist.

123

Appendix 7: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 11/14 Dala Township

124

ACTIVITY REPORT Public Consultation Regarding Environmental Impact of Sub-projects

Ward-11/14, Dala Township, Yangon City

Date : 28th June 2017

Time : 14:00PM -16:00 PM

Venue : Ward office, Ward-11/14

Project Team Members Present: Deputy Team Leader, PIT Head, Yangon - U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon - U Tin Sein National Environmental Specialist - U Myint Ngwe National Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist - Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Assistant Engineer, Yangon - U Aung Thuya Ko Assistant Engineer, Yangon - Daw Thandar Win Project Assistant, Yangon - Daw Naw Khu Htoo Say TDC Representatives Assistant Engineer, Road & Bridge Department -U Khin Zaw Aung Accountant -Daw Khin Pyoe Paing Former TDC Member -Daw Myint Myint Kyi Ward Representative Ward Administrator -U Hla Khaing Community Participants - (53) participants Refer to the attendance sheet

Agenda The public consultation for environmental impacts of subproject was undertaken accompanied with national engineering and social specialists.

Time Activity/Topic Responsible person/ Facilitator 14:00-14:10 Presentation of project brief U Tin Sein Deputy Team Leader 14:10-14:30 Subprojects in Ward 11/14 U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon 14:30-14:40 Proposed SWM Plan Deputy Team Leader

14:40-15:00 Updated Project Activities of Engineering Senior Engineer 15:00-15:15 Environmental Safeguards U Myint Ngwe, Environmental Specialist 15:15-15:30 Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein, Social Safeguard Specialist

125

15:30-16:00 Invite questions and comments from public Deputy Team Leader and IC team 16:00 Close the public meeting.

Public Consultation Proceedings The public consultation meetings is started with the introducing the National Implementing Consultants conducted by Deputy Team Leader. The senior engineer presents the updated sub-project brief for Water Treatment Facility, and Solid Waste Management in Ward-11/14, Dala Township. The senior engineer also presents about Solid Waste Management Plan including environmental issues of garbage and how to cleanse the solid waste. The national environmental specialist presents the Definition of Environment, Environmental Law-2012, Environmental Impact Assessment-2015, National Constitution-2008, National Environmental Policy-1994, needs for IEE and EMP reports and possible impacts during the construction stage. The national environmental specialist clarified that the consultation is part of the IEE process that will enable the incorporation of relevant views of the affected people and other stakeholders into the decision making process for the project implementation. The national environmental specialist explained about 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) process in Solid Waste Management and Decomposition. The national social safeguards and gender specialist presents the importance of social safeguards and Grievance Redress Mechanism process and formation of committee. The Deputy Team Leader explains the timeline for the project implementation. Questions and comments from public The Deputy Team Leader invites and raises the questions and comments from public and the questions and comments follow.

SNo Name Address Questions/Comments Resolutions 1 U Aye Naing Kant Kaw The public need to participate Senior Engineer Than, Street in the operating stage of the explained that Media, Special subprojects. training should be Police Force. followed up during operation stage.

Conclusion and way forward The participants are hoping to start the project as earlier as possible. The improvement of sanitation system is the most important sub-projects in Ward-11/14 for proper good health. Attachment 1. The list for attendance of participants.

Myint Ngwe, National Environmental Specialist.

126

Appendix 8: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 7, Hlaing Tharyar Township

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ACTIVITY REPORT Public Consultation Regarding to Environmental Impact of Subprojects Ward-7, Hlaing Tharyar Township, Yangon City Date : 2 July 2017 Time :14:00PM -16:00 AM Venue :Wai Za Yan Tar Damayone, (Religious Meeting Hall), Ward-7 Project Team Members Present: International Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist - Dr. Felixberto Roquia Deputy Team Leader, PIT Head, Yangon-U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon - U Tin Sein National Environmental Specialist - U Myint Ngwe National Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist - Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Assistant Engineer, Yangon - U Aung Thuya Ko Assistant Engineer, Yangon - Daw Thandar Win Project Assistant, Yangon - Daw Naw Khu Htoo Say YCDC Representatives Member, TDC, Hlaingtharyar - U Htun Lin Naing Ward Office Representatives Ward Administrator - U Khin Zaw Community Participants - (48) participants Refer to the attendance sheet Agenda The public consultation for environmental impacts of subproject was undertaken accompanied with national engineering and social specialists.

Time Activity/Topic Responsible person/ Facilitator

14:00-14:10 Presentation of project brief Deputy Team Leader

14:10-14:30 Subprojects in Ward-7 Senior Engineer, Yangon

14:30-14:40 Proposed SWM Plan Deputy Team Leader

14:40-15:00 Updated Project Activities of Engineering U Tin Sein, Senior Engineer

15:00-15:30 Environmental Safeguards U Myint Ngwe, Environmental Specialist 15:30-15:45 Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein, Social Safeguard Specialist 15:45-16:00 Invite questions and comments from public Deputy Team Leader and IC team

16:00 Close the public meeting.

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Public Consultation Proceedings The public consultation meetings is started with the introducing the Implementing Consultant (National) conducted by Deputy Team Leader. The senior engineer presents the updated sub- project brief for Road Improvement, Culvert Construction, Drainage and Solid Waste Management in Ward-7, Hlaing Tharyar Township. The Deputy Team Leader presents about Solid Waste Management Plan including environmental issues of garbage and how to cleanse the solid waste. The national environmental specialist presents the Definition of Environment, Environmental Law-2012, Environmental Impact Assessment-2015, National Constitution-2008, National Environmental Policy-1994, needs for IEE and EMP reports and possible impacts during the construction stage. The national environmental specialist clarify that the consultation is part of the IEE process that will enable the incorporation of relevant views of the affected people and other stakeholders into the decision making process for the project implementation. The national environmental specialist explained about 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) process in Solid Waste Management and Decomposition with cartoon video. The national social safeguards and gender specialist presents the importance of social safeguards and Grievance Redress Mechanism process and formation of committee. The Deputy Team Leader explains the timeline for the project implementation. Questions and comments from public The Deputy Team Leader invites and raises the questions and comments from public, however the public is quiet and they asked no more questions. Conclusion and way forward The outcome of the public consultation is the public has opportunity to hear the project update and realize how to solve the grievance. The National Environmental Specialist commitments that regarding to the observation accompanied with International Experts on 29th June 2017, rather than nearby Myoma Nyein pond after construction the road level should be raised and unless side drainage hasn’t been done, the flash floods could be occurred. Attachment 1. The list for attendance of participants

Myint Ngwe, National Environmental Specialist

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Appendix 9: Attendance Record for Community Consultation Meetings Held in Ward 10, Hlaing Tharyar Township

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ACTIVITY REPORT Public Consultation Regarding to Environmental Impact of Subprojects Ward-10, Hlaing Tharyar Township, Yangon City Date : 2 July 2017 Time : 10:00PM -12:00 AM Venue : Ward Office, Ward-10 Project Team Members Present: International Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist-Dr. Fellixberto Roquia Deputy Team Leader, PIT Head, Yangon - U Tin Sein Senior Engineer, Yangon - U Tin Sein National Environmental Specialist - U Myint Ngwe National Social Safeguard and Gender Specialist - Daw Zar Chi Win Thein Assistant Engineer, Yangon - U Aung Thuya Ko Assistant Engineer, Yangon - Daw Thandar Win Project Assistant, Yangon - Daw Naw Khu Htoo Say YCDC Representatives Member, TDC, Hlaingtharyar - U Htun Lin Naing Ward Office Representatives Ward Administrator - U Htet Sein Community Participants - (53) participants Refer to the attendance sheet Agenda The public consultation for environmental impacts of subproject was undertaken accompanied with national engineering and social specialists.

Time Activity/Topic Responsible person/ Facilitator 10:00-10:10 Presentation of project brief Deputy Team Leader

10:10-10:30 Subprojects in Ward-10 Senior Engineer, Yangon 10:30-10:40 Proposed SWM Plan Deputy Team Leader

10:40-11:00 Updated Project Activities of Engineering U Tin Sein, Senior Engineer 11:00-11:30 Environmental Safeguards U Myint Ngwe, Environmental Specialist 11:30-11:45 Social Safeguards Daw Zar Chi Win Thein, Social Safeguard Specialist 14:45-12:00 Invite questions and comments from public Deputy Team Leader and IC team 12:00 Close the public meeting.

Public Consultation Proceedings

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The public consultation meetings is started with the introducing the Implementing Consultant (National) conducted by Deputy Team Leader. The senior engineer presents the updated sub- project brief for Road Improvement, Culvert Construction, Drainage and Solid Waste Management in Ward-10, Hlaing Tharyar Township. The Deputy Team Leader presents about Solid Waste Management Plan including environmental issues of garbage and how to cleanse the solid waste. The national environmental specialist presents the Definition of Environment, Environmental Law-2012, Environmental Impact Assessment-2015, National Constitution-2008, National Environmental Policy-1994, needs for IEE and EMP reports and possible impacts during the construction stage. The national environmental specialist clarify that the consultation is part of the IEE process that will enable the incorporation of relevant views of the affected people and other stakeholders into the decision making process for the project implementation. The national environmental specialist explained about 3R (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) process in Solid Waste Management and Decomposition with cartoon video. The national social safeguards and gender specialist presents the importance of social safeguards and Grievance Redress Mechanism process and formation of committee. The Deputy Team Leader explains the timeline for the project implementation. Questions and comments from public The Deputy Team Leader invites and raises the questions and comments from public and the comments and questions are as following.

SNo Name Address Comments/Questions Resolutions from IC 1 U Maung Zaw Daw Na Road The IC should clarify the The proposed proposed width of the width is (3.56) concrete roads. meter for every road. 2 U Mya Khaing Padauk Road The depth of the concrete The depth of should be clarified by IC concrete should team. be (9) inches.

Conclusion and way forward The outcome of the public consultation is the public has opportunity to hear the project update and realize how to solve the grievance. The National Environmental Specialist commitments that regarding to the observation accompanied with International Experts on 29th June 2017, the flash floods should be occurred, especially nearby Myoma Nyein pond when the road level is raised after construction and side drainage hasn’t been done. Attachment 1. The list for attendance of participants

Myint Ngwe, National Environmental Specialist.

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