Haji Ahmad Faqir Al–Kerinci Sumbangan Dan Pemikiranya Dalam Perkembangan Islam Di Kerinci – Jambi - Indonesia

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Haji Ahmad Faqir Al–Kerinci Sumbangan Dan Pemikiranya Dalam Perkembangan Islam Di Kerinci – Jambi - Indonesia HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL–KERINCI SUMBANGAN DAN PEMIKIRANYA DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI KERINCI – JAMBI - INDONESIA DARMADI SALEH DISERTASI INI DIKEMUKAKAN UNTUK MEMENUHI KEPERLUAN BAGI SYARAT MENAMATKAN PROGRAM STUDY MASTER SECARA DISERTASI JABATAN AKIDAH DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM BAHAGIAN PENGAJIAN USHULUDDIN AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2008 HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL–KERINCI: SUMBANGAN PEMIKIRANNYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI KERINCI, JAMBI, INDONESIA DARMADI SALEH JABATAN AKIDAH DAN PEMIKIRAN ISLAM AKADEMI PENGAJIAN ISLAM UNIVERSITI MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2009 HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL-KERINCI : SUMBANGAN PEMIKIRANNYA TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI KERINCI, JAMBI, INDONESIA ABSTRAK Kajian ini adalah merupakan usaha eksploratif penulis untuk mengkaji sejarah hidup Haji Ahmad Faqir b. Haji Bagindo Sutan dan sumbangan pemikirannya terhadap perkembangan Islam di daerah Kerinci, Sumatera, Indonesia. Dalam menjalankan penyelidikan ini, kaedah kepustakaan dan lapangan digunakan. Perbincangan dalam kajian ini dibahagikan kepada enam bab. Bab pertama ialah bab pendahuluan, diikuti bab yang kedua yang mengulas tentang biografi beliau, latar belakang keluarga, pendidikan dan kematian beliau. Bab seterusnya memaparkan perbahasan tentang daerah kajian, keadaan dan potensi daerah berkenaan. Kemudian bab yang berikutnya memaparkan tentang sumbangan beliau dalam bidang pendidikan dan dakwah Islam serta pengajaran- pengajaran beliau bagi masyarakat Kerinci khususnya dan Islam amnya. Kemuncak kepada bab ini ialah analisis sumbangan pemikiran beliau dalam bidang akidah yang meliputi aspek ketuhanan, aspek kenabian dan aspek al-sam‟iyyat serta pandangan pemikiran beliau terhadap hal-hal berkenaan. Kajian ini diakhiri dengan kesimpulan dan saranan. Sumbangan Haji Ahmad Faqir terutamanya dalam bidang pendidikan agama seperti menubuhkan madrasah, menjalankan kerja-kerja dakwah dan penglibatan beliau dalam membina keteraturan hidup bermasyarakat di daerah Kerinci telah dihargai oleh berbagai pihak. Kajian dari biografi beliau mendapati bahawa beliau mempunyai keperibadian yang wajar diteladani oleh semua muslim dalam mencapai kecemerlangan hidup, di mana beliau didapati menguasai pelbagai ilmu pengetahuan dan mempunyai perwatakan yang terpuji. Pemikiran beliau dalam aspek pendidikan Islam terfokus kepada kepentingan pendidikan Islam bagi setiap individu dalam proses pembangunan bangsa dan negara. Menurut beliau, guru yang mengajar bukan hanya memindahkan ilmu, tetapi juga membentuk watak, karakter dan keperibadian murid. Pemikiran beliau dalam bidang akidah Islam telah menanamkan kesedaran umat akan pentingnya mengenal dan mengimani Allah S.W.T sebagai pencipta dan mentadbir alam sejagat ini. Pemikiran akidah beliau sangat dipengaruhi oleh aliran pemikiran tradisional dan di sisi lain beliau menerima kemodenan yang berpedomankan agama Islam itu sendiri dengan cara hikmah. Idea-idea dan saranan beliau ini menyumbangkan kepada bidang pendidikan tidak sahaja di Kerinci bahkan di Indonesia amnya. HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL–KERINCI: HIS CONSTRIBUTION OF THOUGHTS IN KERINCI, JAMBI, INDONESIA ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyse the autobiography of Haji Ahmad Faqir b. Haji Bagindo Sutan and his intellectual constributions in the development of Islam in Kerinci, Sumatera, Indonesia. The methodologies applied in this research are library and field research.This study is devided in six chapters. It begins with an introduction, followed by discussion on biography of Haji Ahmad Faqir, family background, education and his death. Then it explains the background and potentiality of the district of Kerinci. The fourth chapters highlights Haji Ahmad‟s contributions in the field of education, Islamic propagations and his teaching especially in Kerinci Society and muslim society in general. The Fifth chapters analyses his intellectual constributions in aqidah on divinity, prophethood, and metaphysic aspects. The study ends with a conclusion and sugesstion. The research found that Haji Ahmad Faqir had contributed in organising Islamic education institutions such as establishing madrasah, involved in Islamic propagation activities and developed in stability in the life of Kerinci society. This study also found that Haji Ahmad Faqir governed some disciplines of knowledge and had a remarkable personality. For example, he stressed that teacher is not only transfering knowledge, but also reforming the personality and character of student. His thought in aqidah had brought society consciouness that is very important to know and believe in Allah S.W.T as a creator. He also had been influenced by tradisonalists approach, but at the same time he had accepted modernity. His ideas and thought contributed to the field of education in Kerinci as well as in Indonesia. PENGHARGAAN Dengan penuh rasa haru segala puji-pujian dipanjatkan kehadirat Rab al-Amin kerana di atas keizinan dan kekuatan yang dikurniakan oleh-Nya, sehingga disertasi ini dapat disiapkan dalam tempoh yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam kesempatan ini penulis merakamkan sekalung budi dan setinggi-tinggi penghargaan serta ucapan terima kasih kepada Prof. Madya Dr. Mohd Fauzi b. Hamat, Ketua Jabatan Akidah dan Pemikiran Islam, Universiti Malaya yang telah membimbing penulis dalam menyiapkan disertasi ini hingga ke peringkat akhir. Bimbingan dan didikan yang diberikan seolah-olah cahaya yang menerangi. Penghargaan juga atas segala dorongan intelektual, keperihatinan dan ketabahan serta contoh teladan yang mulia yang ditunjukkan oleh beliau sebagai pembimbing (guru) benar-benar dirasa oleh penulis. Semoga bimbingan ini tetap berkekalan dalam ingatan penulis sepanjang hayat. Hanya Allah S.W.T yang dapat membalas atas segala kebaikan dan ilmu yang dicurahkan kepada punulis. Penulis juga merakamkan ucapan penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada semua kakitangan Universiti Malaya, Khasnya Jabatan Akidah dan Pemikiran Islam, Akademi Pengajian Islam Universiti Malaya tidak lupa kepada kakitangan Perpustakaan Universiti Malaya, Akademi Pengajian Islam, Perpustakaan Peringatan Za‟ba, Perpustakaan Pengajian Melayu dan Perpustakaan daerah Kerinci. Begitu juga kepada semua pihak yang turut membantu menyarankan bahan-bahan rujukan yang berkaitan selama penulis menyiapkan disertasi ini. Terima kasih yang tidak terhingga penulis tujukan khas kepada al-Ustaz Kiyai Haji Muhammad Ismail Tengku Dji, yang banyak membantu penulis dalam mendapatkan bahan-bahan dan dokumen-dokumen penting dalam kajian ini. Ucapan terima kasih juga penulis tujukan kepada semua responden yang telah memberikan maklumat berharga lebih dari apa yang diharapkan oleh penulis. Mereka adalah saksi Allah S.W.T di bumi, dan Allah jua yang dapat membalas segala kebaikan dan kerjasama yang diberikan kepada penulis, terutamanya kepada seluruh ahli keluarga Haji Ahmad Faqir b. Haji Bagindo Sutan al-Kerinci, Latifah bt Haji Ahmad, M. Rafi‟I b. Haji Ahmad, Siti Marhamah bt. Haji Ahmad, al-Ustaz Haji Manaf b. Haji Abdul Latif, al-Ustaz Haji M. Surah Noor, al-Ustaz Mukhtar Syarif, Ghazali @ Asrafuddin b. Haji Mat Seri, Husin Hamid, Haji Ibrahim b. Haji Hamzah dan lain-lain. Penghargaan tertinggi penulis ucapkan untuk keluarga penulis yang sama-sama memberi motivasi dan semangat kepada penulis. Kejayaan ini sebenarnya adalah milik mereka, teramat istimewa untuk sahabat terbaik dan teman yang paling setia yang memberi sokongan moral, kasih sayang dan segala apa yang mampu ia berikan kepada penulis iaitu Isteri tercinta, Dewi Sartika SE. Ayah dan Bonda tercinta yang selalu menjadi pendorong ini. Terima kasih dan penghargaan juga penulis tujukan kepada seluruh ahli keluarga penulis yang lain iaitu kakanda Sukriani Saleh SPd sekeluarga, Kasmir Saleh SPd sekeluarga, adinda Harlisna sekeluarga, Ida Royani sekeluarga, Iwan Rosal dan dinda Karmila SPd. Akhir sekali setulus penghargaan kepada rakan-rakan senasib dan sepenanggungan atas segala pertolongan yang telah diberikan dan kepada semua pihak yang terlibat sama ada secara langsung atau tidak langsung dalam menjayakan disertasi ini. Sekian Darmadi Saleh No 29, Jalan Damansara Lot 2821, 60000 Kampung S. Pencala Wilayah Persekutuan K.L. ISI KANDUNGAN Halaman Muka Depan ii Halaman Judul iii Abstrak iv Absract v Penghargaan vi Isi Kandungan viii Senarai Kependekan xi Panduan Transliterasi xiii Senarai Lampiran xv BAB I : PENDAHULUAN Halaman 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah 1 1.2 Pengertian Tajuk 9 1.3 Ojektif Kajian 12 1.4 Kepentingan Kajian 13 1.5 Metodologi Kajian 14 1.6 Tinjauan Kajian Lepas 17 1.7 Susunan Penulisan. 20 BAB II : BIOGRAFI HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL-KERINCI 2.1. Pendahuluan 22 2.2. Latar Belakang Keluarga 22 2.3. Latar Belakang Pendidikan. 28 2.4. Keperibadian Haji Ahmad Faqir. 41 2.4.1. Kebijaksanaan 43 2.4.2. Beberapa Perbuatan Terpuji. 47 2.5. Kematian. 62 2.6. Kesimpulan. 65 BAB III : ISLAM DI KERINCI SEBELUM HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL-KERINCI 3.1 Pendahuluan 68 3.2. Sejarah Kerinci. 69 3.3. Kedudukan Geografi dan Batas Sempadan Wilayah Pentadbiran. 76 3.4. Sistem sosial Masyarakat Kerinci. 82 3.5. Budaya dan Agama 86 3.6. Sejarah Masuknya Islam ke Kerinci. 88 3.7. Gerakan Parti Persatuan Islam di Kerinci. 93 3.8. Dewan Dakwah Indonesia 97 3.9. Majlis Taklim 101 3.10. Ajaran Tarekat 103 3.11. Aliran dan Mazhab 108 3.12. Kesimpulan. 110 BAB IV : SUMBANGAN HAJI AHMAD FAQIR AL-KERINCI KEPADA PERKEMBANGAN ISLAM DI KERINCI 4.1. Pendahuluan 113 4.2. Sumbangan Haji Ahmad Faqir al-Kerinci kepada Perkembangan Islam di Kerinci. 118 4.2.1. Bidang Dakwah 118 4.2.2. Bidang Pendidikan Islam 131 4.2.2.1. Mendirikan Surau Sebagai Pusat Ilmu
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