Le Cameraman

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Le Cameraman L’opérateur The cameraman de Edward Sedgwick FFICHE FILM Fiche technique USA - 1928 - 1h10 Réalisateur : Edward Sedgwick Scénario : E. Richard Schayer d’après un sujet de Clyde Bruckman & Lex Lipton Photographie : Elgin Lessley Regie Lanning Résumé Critique Montage : Luke Shannon est un photographe profes- (…) Le film est une grande réussite, qui ne Hugh Wynn sionnel qui gagne (fort modestement) sa trahit aucun essoufflement de l'inspiration vie en faisant des photos des passants malgré les tensions, conflits et complica- Interprètes : dans les rues de New-York. Luke rencontre tions de toutes sortes. On y a même vu, Sally et tombe amoureux d'elle. Ayant sans doute abusivement, une “somme“, un Buster Keaton découvert que Sally travaille aux actualités film-testament dans lequel, au terme de (Luke Shannon) de la MGM, il décide de se faire engager son œuvre personnelle, Keaton nous livre Marceline Day comme opérateur après avoir troqué son sa conception du cinéma. Est-ce, comme appareil photographique contre une camé- quelqu'un l'a écrit, le chef-d'œuvre de (Sally Richards) ra d'occasion. Touchée par sa candeur, Keaton ? Lui accorder cette distinction, Harold Goodwin Sally l'aide en lui donnant des informations c'est implicitement mésestimer les extraor- (Harold Stagg) de première importance. Ses débuts sont dinaires qualités de plusieurs autres films, extrêmement malheureux et ressemblent à qualités qui n'apparaissent pas de façon Sidney Bracy des montages avant-gardistes. Évidem- aussi éclatante dans The cameraman. (Edward J. Blake) ment, Luke provoque les moqueries des Tout d'abord, le film est visuellement un Harry Gribbon “professionnels de la profession”, et tout peu terne, plus proche sous ce rapport de particulièrement de la part du bellâtre qui College que de Steamboat Bill Jr, même (Le cop Hennessey) courtise Sally. Luke ne renonce pas. Envoyé s'il contient quelques moments saisissants, Edward Brophy par Sally filmer la fête du quartier chinois, comme ces images de Keaton près d'une (le voisin de cabine à la pis- Luke réalise, au mépris du danger, un montagne de confettis, ou les scènes de reportage remarquable sur l'émeute qui bagarre dans Chinatown. Le sujet, le cadre cine) embrase Chinatown. Hélas, il n'a pas de urbain excluaient les grands déploiements pellicule à donner au patron des actualités dans la nature qui sont une des marques qui le chasse définitivement… les plus spécifiques de l'originalité keato- L E F R A N C E www.abc-lefrance.com 1 D O C U M E N T S nienne. Il ne s'agit pas d'enfermer son la plus grossière mais aussi la plus gros homme est Edward Brophy, le «unit Keaton dans une formule qui limiterait irrécusable à cette impossibilité est, manager» de Keaton, qui n'avait jamais l'exercice de son génie à ces déploie- bien entendu, le fait que seul Keaton joué auparavant ; on le retrouvera dans ments, mais de constater qu'ils repré- était capable de réaliser les exploits plusieurs des films suivants de Keaton sentent un élément essentiel de ses physiques dont ces films sont parse- pour M.G.M.). Pendant la bagarre à plus grands films. Ce n'est pas à dire més). D'ailleurs, Red Skelton sera vingt Chinatown, Shannon, d'abord ahuri, non plus que Keaton ne savait pas ans plus tard la vedette d'un remake de domine bientôt la situation et va jusqu'à déployer son action dans un cadre The cameraman ; on imagine mal Our «diriger» l'action. N'oublions pas les urbain ; de nombreux shorts et quelques hospitality ou The General remaké «running gags» : celui du flic que Luke scènes de longs métrages (ainsi la fin de par Skelton ou un quelconque autre retrouve toujours dans des circons- Go West) indiquent le contraire. comique des années trente ou quarante. tances embarrassantes ; celui de la Néanmoins, et alors que les aventures (…) Ces critiques se situent, répétons- porte vitrée du bureau, qu'il brise d'un Harold Lloyd, par exemple, se le, à un niveau d'exigence correspondant d'abord avec son appareil photos, puis déroulent presque toujours en ville, les à l'exceptionnelle rigueur des construc- avec sa caméra, et qui, à la troisième scènes citadines sont rares dans les tions keatoniennes. Si elles nous empê- reprise, se brise toute seule malgré ses films de Keaton (lorsque son personnage chent de considérer The cameraman précautions, un courant d'air ayant se trouve dans une grande ville, comme comme le chef-d’œuvre de Keaton, elles refermé violemment la porte derrière lui au début de Our hospitality, The navi- ne sauraient gâcher le plaisir pris aux (le gag aura plus loin un épilogue discret : gator, Go West, c'est pour bientôt la situations et trouvailles originales qui au cours d'une scène dans le même quitter et se retrouver dans la nature). Il prolifèrent dans ce films très riche. bureau, vers la fin, on aperçoit la porte y a d'ailleurs chez Keaton un goût des Rappelons-en quelques-unes : chasseur une nouvelle fois réparée mais désor- lignes droites, des perspectives épurées, d'images novice, Shannon saute au vol mais prudemment grillagée). Et, enfin, la des mouvements rectilignes et des sur une voiture de pompiers qui fonce «chute» du film, avec sa célèbre trou- dégagements qui semble s'opposer à la (croit-il) vers un grand incendie ; elle ne vaille : après la projection des repor- surcharge envahissante et limitatrice du fait que rentrer au garage. Attendant un tages sensationnels de Luke Shannon, décor urbain. Ajoutons que ses coup de téléphone de celle qu'il aime, Sally court le chercher (découragé, il meilleures scènes tournées en ville sont Luke descend quatre à quatre de sa avait repris son travail de photographe des poursuites ; or The cameraman est chambre sous les toits jusqu'au hall ambulant sur Broadway) ; elle lui annon- un film sans poursuite, peut-être juste- d'entrée chaque fois que le téléphone ce son succès : “Tout le monde vous ment parce que la ville freine les élans sonne (pour cette scène, Keaton fit admire.” A ce moment précis, des accla- de Keaton. construire un décor en coupe de la mai- mations retentissent, une pluie de Peut-être à cause de ces limitations son de quatre étages et un échafaudage confettis tombe du haut des gratte-ciel ; apportées par le cadre au déploiement spécial permettant à la caméra de suivre Luke, un peu étonné mais impassible, de l'action physique, le héros du film n'a ces descentes en travelling vertical ; distribue des saluts à la foule avec une pas la totale originalité de ceux de Our grâce à un parfait “timing” le travelling gravité perplexe ; et le dernier plan du hospitality, The navigator ou The atteint chaque palier en même temps film nous montre le véritable objet de General, qui se définissent par une que Shannon, juste à temps, par cet enthousiasme : Charles Lindbergh action physique soutenue, complexe et exemple, pour faire entrer dans le remontant triomphalement Broadway au conquérante. Luke Shannon présente, champ la rencontre du coureur et d'une retour de son vol transatlantique… certes, les principales caractéristiques locataire interloquée). A la piscine, Parce que le sujet de The cameraman du personnage keatonien, mais tout se Shannon perd son maillot de bain dans est le cinéma, la critique moderne a ten- passe comme si Keaton avait insufflé l'eau et manœuvre avec une habileté dance à privilégier ce film par rapport ses caractéristiques après coup à un diabolique (jamais Keaton n'a paru aux autres ; on aime aujourd'hui décou- personnage-moule assez neutre qu'on davantage se «concentrer sur ce qu'il vrir dans les œuvres un commentaire, aurait pu facilement adapter à la per- faisait») pour dérober celui d'une grosse implicite ou explicite, sur le genre, la sonnalité d'autres comiques : Langdon baigneuse. Dans la même séquence, forme d'expression, l'art auxquels elles ou Lloyd ne sont pas impensables dans Keaton est aux prises pendant quatre appartiennent. Certes, si l'on veut, le le rôle, alors qu'ils le sont, à des titres minutes avec un gros homme dans une cinéma ici se parle, se laisse prendre et degrés divers, dans ceux de Willie cabine de bain trop étroite où tous deux dans un jeu de miroirs qui se renvoient McKay, Sherlock Jr, Rollo Treadway, emmêlent inextricablement leurs vête- son image et celle du cinéaste en une Johnnie Gray ou Will Canfield Jr (la rai- ments en essayant de se déshabiller (le amorce de répétition à l'infini (car il L E F R A N C E SALLE D'ART ET D'ESSAI CLASSÉE RECHERCHE 8, RUE DE LA VALSE 42100 SAINT-ETIENNE 04.77.32.76.96 RÉPONDEUR : 04.77.32.71.71 2 Fax : 04.77.32.07.09 D O C U M E N T S s'agit, comme l'écrit Philippe Demun, troisième apparaît la notion de mise en après le départ de Sally, Buster se d'un «reportage de B. Keaton sur un scène avec la variété des plans, le mon- retrouve comme au début de la scène. reportage de B. Keaton sur B. Keaton»). tage et la direction d'acteurs (Griffith). Le stade, décor immense où alternent Mais ce jeu de miroirs n’est pas la gale- Luke Shannon dans The cameraman les lignes courbes et les droites. La rie des glaces de La dame de Shangaï est d’abord photographe (donc être pré- masse des tribunes contraste avec le (ou la personne et son reflet n'étaient cinématographique), puis commence sa vide de la pelouse… A un moment, plus distincts), The cameraman n’est carrière d'opérateur d'actualités en pre- passe, dans le fond, un train.
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