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58 58 participatory learning and action Towards empowered 58 participation: stories 58 and reflections Come on board, good citizens! Were here to give you' a voice in a Look! deliberative 58 some new democratic people to engage process! 58 with! 58 June 2008 Deliberative what? Couldn t you stop our crops' being washed away again? 58 © Kate Charlesworth participatory learning and action Participatory Learning and Action, Contributing to the series supports democracy and full participation in (formerly PLA Notes and RRA Notes), is We welcome contributions to decision-making and governance. We strive published three times a year in April, Participatory Learning and Action. For to reflect these values in Participatory August, and December. Established in information and guidelines, please see Learning and Action. For further 1987, Participatory Learning and Action the inside back cover. information about IIED contact IIED, 3 enables practitioners of participatory Endsleigh Street, London WC1H 0DD, UK. methodologies from around the world to Subscribing to Participatory Learning Tel: +44 20 7388 2117 share their field experiences, conceptual and Action Fax: +44 20 7388 2826 reflections, and methodological Subscribe to PLA and read the latest issues Website: www.iied.org innovations. The series is informal and free online: www.ingentaconnect.com/ seeks to publish frank accounts, address content/iiedpla/pla Participatory development issues of practical and immediate value, Read PLA 53-54 free online: www.ingenta Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) encourage innovation, and act as a ‘voice connect.com/content/iiedpla/pla is an umbrella term for a wide range of from the field’. Read PLA 1-52 free online: similar approaches and methodologies, We are grateful to the Swedish www.iied.org/NR/agbioliv/pla_notes/ including Participatory Rural Appraisal International Development Cooperation backissues.html (PRA), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), Agency (Sida) and the UK Department for To subscribe, please complete the Participatory Learning Methods (PALM), International Development (DFID) for their subscriptions form at the back of this issue Participatory Action Research (PAR), continued financial support of or contact: Research Information Ltd. Farming Systems Research (FSR), Participatory Learning and Action. The (RIL), Grenville Court, Britwell Road, Méthode Active de Recherche et de views expressed in this publication do not Burnham, Buckinghamshire SL1 8DF, UK. Planification Participative (MARP), and necessarily reflect the views of the funding Tel:+44 1628 600499 many others. The common theme to all organisations or the employers of the Fax: +44 1628 600488 these approaches is the full participation authors. Email: [email protected] of people in the processes of learning Website: www.researchinformation.co.uk about their needs and opportunities, Editors: Holly Ashley, Nicole Kenton and and in the action required to address Angela Milligan. Back issues them. Strategic Editorial Board: Ivan Bond, Nazneen Most back issues are available to The methods used range from Kanji, Jethro Pettit, Michel Pimbert, Peter download free of charge visualisation, to interviewing and group Taylor and Sonja Vermeulen. online in PDF format. Recent issues are work. The common theme is the also available online and are free to promotion of interactive learning, shared International Editorial Advisory Board: subscribers, or can be purchased online. knowledge, and flexible, yet structured Oga Steve Abah, Jo Abbot, Jordi Surkin See our website for details. To purchase analysis. These methods have proven Beneria, L. David Brown, Andy Catley, back issues of Participatory Learning and valuable for understanding local Robert Chambers, Louise Chawla, Andrea Action in hard copy please see the green perceptions of the functional value of Cornwall, Bhola Dahal, Qasim Deiri, John order form at the end of this issue. All resources, processes of agricultural Devavaram, Charlotte Flower, FORCE Nepal, IIED publications, including Participatory intervention, and social and institutional Ian Goldman, Bara Guèye, Irene Guijt, Learning and Action back issues, are relations. Marcia Hills, Enamul Huda, Vicky Johnson, available through: In recent years, there has been a Caren Levy, Sarah Levy, Zhang Linyang, PJ Earthprint Limited, Orders Department, number of shifts in the scope and focus of Lolichen, Ilya M. Moeliono, Humera Malik, PO Box 119, Stevenage, Hertfordshire participation: Marjorie Jane Mbilinyi, Ali Mokhtar, Seyed SG1 4TP, UK. • emphasis on sub-national, national and Babak Moosavi, Neela Mukherjee, Trilok Tel: +44 1438 748111 international decision-making, not just Neupane, Esse Nilsson, Zakariya Odeh, Fax: +44 1438 748844 local decision-making; Peter Park, Bardolf Paul, Bimal Kumar Email: [email protected] • move from projects to policy processes Phnuyal, Giacomo Rambaldi, Peter Reason, Website: www.earthprint.com and institutionalisation; Joel Rocamora, Jayatissa Samaranayake, We regret that we are unable to • greater recognition of issues of Madhu Sarin, Daniel Selener, Anil C Shah, supply, or respond to requests for, free difference and power; and, Meera Kaul Shah, Marja Liisa Swantz, hard copies of back issues. • emphasis on assessing the quality and Cecilia Tacoli, Tom Wakeford, Eliud understanding the impact of Wakwabubi and Alice Welbourn. The International participation, rather than simply Cover illustration: www.katecharlesworth.com Institute for promoting participation. (adapted from www.nanojury.org.uk) Environment and Recent issues of Participatory Learning Design and layout: Smith+Bell Development (IIED) is and Action have reflected, and will Printed by: Russell Press, Nottingham, UK committed to continue to reflect, these developments There is no copyright on this material promoting social and shifts. We particularly recognise the and recipients are encouraged to use it justice and the importance of analysing and overcoming freely for not-for-profit purposes only. empowerment of the power differentials which work to Please credit the authors and the poor and exclude the already poor and Participatory Learning and Action series. marginalised. It also marginalised. participatory learning and action Number 58 June 2008 THEME SECTION CONTENTS 1. Towards empowered participation: stories and reflections Tom Wakeford and Jasber Singh (guest editors)....................................................6 THEME 1: CITIZENS’ JURIES AND SIMILAR PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 2. The people’s vision: UK and Indian reflections on Prajateerpu Kavitha Kuruganti, Michel Pimbert, and Tom Wakeford......................................11 3. Mali’s Farmers’ Jury: an attempt to democratise policy-making on biotechnology Peter Bryant..........................................................................................................18 4. The UK Nanojury as ‘upstream’ public engagement Jasber Singh ........................................................................................................27 5. Citizens’ juries in Burnley, UK: from deliberation to intervention Elham Kashefi and Chris Keene............................................................................33 6. Community x-change: connecting citizens and scientists to policy makers Nigel Eady, Jasber Singh, Alice Taylor-Gee, and Tom Wakeford ..........................39 7. Hearing the real voices: exploring the experiences of the European Citizens’ Panel Niall Fitzduff, Peter Bryant, Gwen Lanigan, and Catherine Purvis ........................44 8. Shorts: four brief analyses of citizens’ juries and similar participatory processes....48 8a. Ignoring and suppressing grassroots participation in a northern English town Tom Wakeford, Bano Murtuja, and Peter Bryant ................................................49 8b. The art of facipulation? The UK government’s nuclear power dialogue Transcript of UK TV’s Channel 4 News, 19th September, 2007 ..........................51 8c. Genetically modified meetings: the Food Standards Agency’s citizens’ jury Extract from a report from the Policy Ethics and Life Sciences (PEALS) Research Centre, Newcastle University, UK ........................................................................53 8d. If we have time, motivation and resources to participate, does that mean we gain authority and power? Right 2B Heard Collective and Swingbridge Video ..............................................54 THEME 2: PARTICIPATORY BUDGETING: LESSONS FROM LATIN AMERICA AND THE UK 9. The watering down of participatory budgeting and people power in Porto Alegre, Brazil Daniel Chavez......................................................................................................57 10. Participatory budgeting in the UK: a challenge to the system? Heather Blakey ....................................................................................................61 THEME 3: GENDER ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF REPRESENTATION 11. The Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS: from principle to practice? International Community of Women living with HIV/AIDS ..................................67 12. Understanding local difference: gender (plus) matters for NGOs Nazneen Kanji and Su Fei Tan ..............................................................................74 13. The ivory tower and beyond: Bradford University at the heart of its communities Jenny Pearce, Martin Pearson, and Sam Cameron ..............................................82 1