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L'utilisation Des Claviers Logiciels S'est Massivement Répandue Au Cours De ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀ ฀ %0$503"5%&-6/*7&34*5²฀ %&506-064& ฀฀ Université Toulouse 3 Paul฀ Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) ฀฀฀ INFORMATIQUE - Interaction฀ Homme-Machine ฀ ฀฀฀฀฀฀ Georges฀ BADR ฀ lundi 20 juin 2011 ฀ ฀ ฀ ฀ Modèle théorique et outil de simulation pour une meilleure évaluation des claviers logiciels augmentés d’un฀ système de prédiction de mots ฀ ฀ ฀฀฀ Mathématiques Informatique฀ Télécommunications (MITT) ฀฀฀฀ IRIT - UMR 5505 ฀฀฀ Pr. Philippe PALANQUE, M. Mathieu RAYNAL ฀ Pr. Franck POIRIER,฀ M. Benoît MARTIN ฀ ฀฀฀฀ Pr. Patrick GIRARD, Pr. Xavier DE BOISSEZON Remerciements Je tiens à exprimer ma profonde gratitude envers M. Mathieu RAYNAL pour son soutien et ses encouragements inappréciables. Qu’il soit remercié pour ses enseignements rigoureux, ses conseils lucides et pertinents qui m’ont stimulé à poursuivre avec persévérance le chemin initiatique de la thèse. Pour son aide et ses directives qui furent déterminantes dans la rédaction et la réalisation de ce projet. Je le remercie également pour sa gentillesse et sa disponibilité, sans lui, ce travail n’aurait jamais vu le jour. J’exprime ma reconnaissance à M. Frank POIRIER, M. Benoît MARTIN, M. Patrick Gérard, M. DE BOISSEZON, M. Philippe PALANAQUE membres du jury qui ont bien voulu prendre connaissance de ces recherches et me faire part de leurs remarques. Je remercie aussi les membres de l’équipe, sans oublier personne pour le temps qu’ils ont porté sur les expérimentations parfois longues et fatigantes. Mes remerciements vont également à Caritas et Sésobel qui m’ont accueilli chaleureusement et m’ont permis de faire quelques expérimentations avec les personnes en situation d’handicap chez eux. Je suis très sensible à l’inestimable soutien que m’ont prodigué mes parents durant de longues années. Qu’ils soient chaleureusement remerciés pour leur patience, leur amour et leur soutien financier ! Enfin, je souhaite témoigner ma gratitude la plus vive et la plus affectueuse envers, tous celles et ceux qui me sont proches et chers et qui m’ont aidé à arriver au sommet ! Georges BADR Table des matières REMERCIEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 TABLE DES MATIERES ................................................................................................................................................ 2 LISTE DES FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... 5 LISTE DES TABLEAUX ............................................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPITRE 1 - UTILISATION DES SYSTEMES DE PREDICTION POUR LA SAISIE DE DONNEES ....................................................... 15 Section I - Les systèmes de prédiction utilisés .............................................................................................. 15 I.1. Prédiction Statistique ........................................................................................................................................... 16 I.2. Prédiction Syntaxique .......................................................................................................................................... 19 I.3. Prédiction mixte ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Section II - Interaction avec les systèmes de prédiction ............................................................................... 22 II.1. Interaction avec la prédiction de caractères ....................................................................................................... 23 II.2. Interaction avec la prédiction de mots ............................................................................................................... 39 Section III - Synthèse .................................................................................................................................... 45 CHAPITRE 2 - ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT DE L’UTILISATEUR FACE A UN SYSTEME DE PREDICTION ......................................... 47 Section I - Les méthodologies d’évaluation ................................................................................................. 47 I.1. Les variables mesurées ........................................................................................................................................ 48 I.2. Les tâches ............................................................................................................................................................. 55 Section II - Précédentes études sur les listes de prédiction .......................................................................... 59 II.1. Nombre de propositions ..................................................................................................................................... 60 II.2. Distribution et position des propositions ............................................................................................................ 62 II.3. Synthèse .............................................................................................................................................................. 63 Section III - Protocole d’évaluation .............................................................................................................. 64 III.1. Participants ........................................................................................................................................................ 64 III.2. Materiel utilisé ................................................................................................................................................... 64 III.3. Tâche et stimulii ................................................................................................................................................. 65 III.4. Procédure........................................................................................................................................................... 66 III.5. Données recueillies ............................................................................................................................................ 67 Section IV - Analyse des données ................................................................................................................. 67 IV.1. Erreur ................................................................................................................................................................. 68 IV.2. Taux d’utilisation de la liste ............................................................................................................................... 68 2 IV.3. Vitesse de saisie ................................................................................................................................................. 69 IV.4. Distance ............................................................................................................................................................. 72 IV.5. Impact de la présence de la liste sur la saisie sur clavier logiciel ....................................................................... 73 IV.6. Saisie sur la liste de prédiction .......................................................................................................................... 79 Section V - Synthèse ..................................................................................................................................... 82 CHAPITRE 3 - EVALUATION THEORIQUE D’UNE LISTE DE PREDICTION ................................................................................ 83 Section I - Revue des modèles théoriques existants..................................................................................... 83 I.1. Temps de recherche visuelle d’une touche ......................................................................................................... 84 I.2. Temps de pointage d’une cible ............................................................................................................................ 85 I.3. Prédiction de performance .................................................................................................................................. 90 I.4. Prédiction du temps de recherche et de sélection dans une liste ....................................................................... 91 I.5. Synthèse ............................................................................................................................................................... 95 Section II - Modèle proposé ......................................................................................................................... 95 II.1. Proposition de modèle ........................................................................................................................................ 95 II.2. Un algorithme plus qu’un modèle mathématique .............................................................................................. 98 Section III - Outils de simulation .................................................................................................................
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