Hindawi Advances in Human-Computer Interaction Volume 2021, Article ID 6657155, 14 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657155 Research Article Usability Evaluation of Optimized Single-Pointer Arabic Keyboards Using Eye Tracking A. Benabid Najjar ,1 A. Al-Wabil ,2 M. Hosny ,3 W. Alrashed ,1 and A. Alrubaian 3 1Software Engineering Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2Software Engineering Department, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3Computer Science Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Correspondence should be addressed to A. Benabid Najjar;
[email protected] Received 10 November 2020; Revised 3 February 2021; Accepted 10 February 2021; Published 20 March 2021 Academic Editor: Antonio Piccinno Copyright © 2021 A. Benabid Najjar et al. 'is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 'is paper presents the design and usability evaluation of an Arabic keyboard for applications that predominantly use single- pointer input device. Such applications are particularly used in mobile devices like Portable Data Assistants (PDAs) and smartphones. 'ey are also valuable in gaze-controlled interfaces that constitute a growing mode of communication and that particularly empower people with mobility impairments. A special focus is given to the optimization of the key arrangement based on the movement time and character transition frequencies. An optimization model as well as a Simulated Annealing algorithm are presented. 'en, the performance of the optimized layout is assessed showing that it outperforms the commonly used Arabic keyboard in terms of the estimated typing speed.