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398 INDEX Sleeping Sickness 182 Viral Encephalitis 40–41 Yellow

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398 INDEX Index Acarina 237 sleeping sickness 182 Acerolitos 225 viral encephalitis 40–41 Aedes (see also Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus)7, yellow fever 34, 36–37 15–17 Anklets, repellent-treated 61–62 behaviour 17 Annual killifishes 124, 127, 160 breeding sites 137–138, 141, 152 Anopheles 7, 13–14 control measures 53, 135, 138, 357 behaviour 13–14 dengue transmission 36, 39 breeding sites 13, 159, 161 distinguishing features 12, 13 control measures 53, 107, 135, 155, 164 filariasis transmission 29, 30–31 distinguishing features 12, 13 life cycle 11, 16–17 filariasis transmission 29, 30–32 yellow fever transmission 34, 36, 37 insecticide resistance in 26 Aedes aegypti 15, 16, 17 life cycle 11, 13 breeding sites 16, 137–138 malaria transmission 26–27 control measures 39, 107, 114, 134 Anopheles balabacensis 122 dengue transmission 36, 39 Anopheles barbirostris 29, 32 yellow fever transmission 34, 36, 37 Anopheles culicifacies 13 Aedes albopictus 15, 16–17 Anopheles darlingi 161 breeding sites 17, 137–138 Anopheles maculatus 122, 158 control measures 114 Anopheles minimus 122 dengue transmission 36 Anopheles stephensi 138, 141 Aerial spraying Antimalarial drug resistance 26 blackflies 44, 45, 132 Antimony, pentavalent 49 ticks 274–275 Ants 386 tsetse flies 208 Ant traps, mosquito control 138, 139 Aerosol sprays, insecticidal 63, 69–70 Aphyosemion 124 in bedbug control 239 Aplocheilus (panchax) 124, 127, 164 in cockroach control 296–298 Arboviruses 33–41 in housefly control 319, 320–321 Argasidae (soft ticks) 263, 264–265 in mosquito control Argentine pearlfish, see Cynolebias bellotii fabric treatment 94 Arsenite, sodium 316 in tents 103 Attractants in tick control, animals 273 cockroach 299 Aleppo boil, see Leishmaniasis, cutaneous housefly 317 Allergic reactions tsetse fly 185, 195–196 to bedbugs 239 Australian cockroach, see Periplaneta australasiae to biting Diptera 17, 24 Avoidance to biting mites 277 of biting Diptera 105 to cockroaches 292 of snail-infested waters 346, 350 to fleas 245 of ticks 272 to house dust mites 282 Azamethiphos, in housefly control 317, 320, to lice 257 322 to triatomine bugs 213 Azolla, in mosquito control 123, 163 Allethrins, in mosquito coils 63, 66, 67 Alphacypermethrin 86, 362 Babies, protection of in cockroach control 297 fly nets 311, 312 in housefly control 320 mosquito nets 78 in tsetse fly control 203 Bacillus sphaericus 131, 137 Amblyomma americanum 271 in pit latrines 150–152 Amblyomma hebraeum 266 Bacillus thuringiensis H-14 American cockroach, see Periplaneta americana in blackfly control 45, 136–137 Anaemia 213, 239 in drinking-water 147 Animal reservoirs in irrigated fields 164 Chagas disease 213–214, 215 in mosquito control 131, 136–137 leishmaniasis 47, 48, 51 in ponds 160 Lyme disease 270, 275 Bacterial larvicides (see also Bacillus sphaericus; schistosomiasis 348 Bacillus thuringiensis H-14) 123, 131, INDEX 399 136–137 mansonellosis transmission 51–52 Bahia ulcer, see Leishmaniasis, cutaneous onchocerciasis transmission 41–43, 44 Bait(s) Blatta orientalis 288, 289, 294 boxes, rats 250, 251 Blattella germanica 288, 289, 290, 294, 300 cockroach 299–300 Blowflies 148, 302 housefly 316–318 Borrelia 268 dry scatter 318 Borrelia burgdorferi 269 liquid dispensers 318 Borrelia recurrentis 258 liquid sprinkle 318 Borrow-pits viscous paint-on 317, 318 filling/drainage 160, 352 Bancroftian filariasis, see Filariasis, lymphatic, mosquito larva control 160 bancroftian Boxes Bands, repellent-treated 61–62 bait, for rats 250, 251 Bar, repellent 58 surveillance, in triatomine bug control Bathing places, placement of tsetse traps/ 233–234, 235 screens 191–192 Breeding sites Bed(s) blackflies 17–18, 45 camp, with mosquito net cover 79 freshwater snails 338, 352 curtains, insecticide-treated 84–85 houseflies 304–305, 308–310, 321–323 mosquito nets, see Mosquito nets mosquitos, see Mosquito breeding sites protection from ticks 272 Briquettes, insecticidal 132 Bedbugs 237–243 Bromophos, in housefly control 320, 323 biology 237–238 Brown-banded cockroach, see Supella control measures 239–243, 357, 388 longipalpa detection 239 Brugia malayi 29, 31–32 dispersal 238 Brugia timori 29, 32 insecticide resistance in 109, 241, 242 Building blocks, pressed stabilized soil 226– public health importance 239 228 Bedding, insecticide-treated Buildings (see also Houses; Shelters), residual in bedbug control 241 insecticide spraying 381 in biting Diptera control 60–61 Bulinus 337–338, 339, 352 in flea control 248–249 Buzzers, electronic 71 Bendiocarb 362, 366 in bedbug control 242 Campers in cockroach control 297 camp bed with mosquito net cover 79 in flea control 249 protection measures for 103–104 in housefly control 317 Capture bags, tsetse traps 196 in tick control 274 Carbamates (see also Bendiocarb; Benzene hexachloride (BHC), in triatomine Propoxur) 360, 362, 365–366 bug control 218 in housefly control 316, 317, 318 Benznidazole, in Chagas disease 215 as mosquito larvicides 130 Benzyl benzoate Carbaryl in house dust mite control 283 in bedbug control 242 in scabies mite control 282 in louse control 260 Betacyfluthrin, in cockroach control 297 in tick control 274 Biconical tsetse trap 186–187 Card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis Bilharziasis, see Schistosomiasis (CATT) 185 Bioallethrin Carp in louse control 260 common, see Cyprinus carpio in mosquito/biting Diptera control 67, 71 grass, see Ctenopharyngodon idella Bioassay cone method, see Residual tooth, see Aplocheilus panchax; Gambusia insecticides, efficacy testing affinis; Poecilia reticulata Biological control Catfish, Chinese 147 freshwater snails 352, 353 Cats mosquitos 122–127, 136–137 fleas 243–244, 245, 246, 247–248 Biomphalaria 337–338, 339, 352 tapeworms 246 Bioresmethrin, in housefly control 322 Ceilings Bithionol, in fascioliasis 350 in mosquito control 99 Blackflies 7, 17–20 mosquito nets 74 behaviour 18, 20 Cement roofing sheets, fibre-reinforced 225 breeding sites 17, 19, 45 Central European tick-borne encephalitis 271 control measures 53 Cercariae 340, 343 personal protection 59, 60 Cesspools, housefly control 310 prevention of breeding 44, 45, 132, Chagas disease 210, 213–216 136–137 clinical symptoms 214–215 distinguishing features 8–9 prevention and control 215–216, 357, 381 life cycle 17–18 transmission 213–214 400 INDEX Chiclero’s ulcer, see Leishmaniasis, cutaneous tsetse traps/screens 185 Chiggers 276, 277 Comb, louse 259 Chigoes, see Jigger fleas Community Chikungunya virus disease 41 approach, house-spraying 358 Chinese catfish 147 disease control in 52, 53 Chitin synthesis inhibitors 135 education 382 Chlorfenvinphos, in housefly control 320 health workers 358 Chlorpyrifos insecticide delivery to 205 in cockroach control 297 protection as mosquito larvicide 131, 134 by mosquito nets 82 in tick control 274 from ticks 274–275 Cholera 292, 307 by tsetse traps 186 Cholinesterase, blood 392 triatomine bug surveillance 232 Chrysomyia, see Blowflies Compression sprayers, see Hand-compression Chrysops, see Deerflies sprayers Cichlid fish, see Oreochromis mossambicus Conjunctivitis, epidemic 307 Cimex hemipterus 237 Constant-head dispenser 355 Cimex lectularius 237 Construction blocks, pressed stabilized Citronella, in mosquito/biting Diptera soil 226–228 control 56, 57 Construction materials 140, 226–228 Clarias fuscus 147 Cotton Cleaning cloth hand-compression sprayers 378–379 insecticide impregnation 87 used pesticide containers 388 for water filtration 334 Cleanliness, see Hygiene netting Clegs 23 insecticide impregnation 87 Clonorchis sinensis 348 for mosquito nets/screens 73, 100 Cloth, see Fabrics/cloth Coumaphos, in tick control 274 Clothing Coxiella burnetii 268–269 body lice in 255, 262 Creeks, see Streams/creeks insecticide/repellent-treated 59–63 Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever 271, 272 in biting mite control 278 Ctenocephalides canis, see Fleas, dog choice of chemical 60 Ctenocephalides felis, see Fleas, cat in louse control 262 Ctenopharyngodon idella 125, 164, 352 method of treatment 60 Culex 7, 14–15 in tick control 272 behaviour 15 types 60–63 breeding sites 15, 148, 152, 153, 161 protective 389–391 control measures 33, 53 in biting insect control 59–63 insecticide spraying 107, 357 for insecticide impregnation of larval control 135, 137, 155 fabrics 391 distinguishing features 12, 13 for insecticide spraying 377, 378, 383, life cycle 11, 15 389–390 Culex gelidus 148 maintenance 391 Culex quinquefasciatus 15 for mixing insecticides 390–391 breeding sites 15, 148 in tick control 272 control measures 33, 107 removal of contaminated 395, 396 filariasis transmission 29, 30, 31 Clou de Biskra, see Leishmaniasis, cutaneous Culex tritaeniorhynchus Cockroaches 288–300 breeding sites 15, 161 behaviour 290–291 viral encephalitis transmission 40–41 biology 288–291 Culicoides 21, 51–52 control measures 292–300 Culverts 116–117 chemical 293–300, 357, 386 Curtains environmental management 293 anti-fly 311, 312 dispersal 291 bed, insecticide-treated 84–85 life cycle 288–290 insecticide-treated 100–102 public health importance 291–292 Cyclopoid copepods 123 Coils, mosquito 63–66 Cyclops 324–336 for campers 103 biology 324, 325 holders 65, 66 control measures 332–336 method of making 66 life cycle 326, 327 near hammocks 72 public health importance 324–332 use 64–65 Cyfluthrin 362 Colorado tick fever 271, 272 in bedbug control 242 Colour in cockroach control 297 mosquito nets 74 in flea control 249 INDEX 401 in housefly control 320, 322 in flea control 249 in mosquito control in housefly control 315, 317, 322, 323 clothing treated with 60 in jigger infections 252–253 net/fabric
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  • Dermatobia Hominis Infestation Misdiagnosed As Abscesses in a Traveler to Spain

    Dermatobia Hominis Infestation Misdiagnosed As Abscesses in a Traveler to Spain

    Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2018;26(3):267-269 LETTER TO THE EDITOR Dermatobia Hominis Infestation Misdiagnosed as Abscesses in a Traveler to Spain Dear Editor, A 29-year-old woman presented with abscesses tral ring was noted. Ultrasonography identified oval, on her buttock and leg attributed to flea bites inflict- hypoechoic, and hypovascular structures with inner ed 5 days earlier on return to Spain after 2 months echoic lines corresponding to cavities with debris in Guinea-Bissau. Ciprofloxacin was ineffective after and/or larval remains. Larvae were extracted before 7 days, and she was referred for dermatologic evalu- ultrasonography (Figure 1, b). ation. Examination revealed 4 round, indurated, ery- Recommended treatment included topical anti- thematous-violet furunculoid lesions with a 1.5-2 mm septic, occlusion of the infected area with paraffin, central orifice draining serous material. She reported and 1% topical ivermectin; treatment resulted in in- seeing larvae exiting a lesion, and we extracted sever- complete resolution after 7 days. al more (Figure 1). Parasitology identifiedDermatobia Furunculoid myiasis is more common in develop- (D.) hominis (Figure 2). ing countries (1). Cases in Spain are usually imported, Biopsy revealed intense dermal eosinophilic in- since the flies that produce this type of myiasis are not flammatory infiltrate with a deep cystic appearance, found locally. The species most frequently involved surrounded by acute inflammatory infiltrate and are D. hominis from Central and South America (bot- necrotic material. Dermoscopy identified a foramen fly) and Cordylobia anthropophaga from the sub-Sa- surrounded by dilated blood vessels and desquama- haran region (tumbu fly) (2). We believe this was the tion.