DOCSLIB.ORG

Manipulation of the Body in the Mortuary Practices of Mesolithic North West Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manipulation of the Body in the Mortuary Practices of Mesolithic North West Europe Dealing with the Dead: Manipulation of the Body in the Mortuary Practices of Mesolithic North West Europe A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2011 Amy Gray Jones School of Arts, Histories and Cultures Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................... 11 DECLARATION ............................................................................................................. 12 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT .......................................................................................... 12 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 13 1 Disarticulation as mortuary practice in the Mesolithic of north-west Europe ............. 14 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 14 1.2 The cemetery evidence ...................................................................................... 15 1.3 Disarticulation as mortuary practice ................................................................... 21 1.4 Disarticulation as social practice ........................................................................ 28 1.5 Disarticulation, bodies, and personhood ............................................................. 31 1.6 Disarticulation and cannibalism ......................................................................... 32 1.7 Towards a systematic study of disarticulated Mesolithic remains ....................... 33 2 Methodology: Discovering mortuary practice ........................................................... 36 2.1 The methodological approach ............................................................................ 36 2.1.1 Taphonomic analysis - Translating patterns into practices ........................... 38 2.1.2 Identifying the deceased ............................................................................. 56 2.2 Osteological methodology – recording ............................................................... 57 2.2.1 Selection of case studies for osteological analysis ....................................... 57 2.2.2 Data recording ............................................................................................ 58 2.2.3 Data collection ............................................................................................ 60 2.2.4 Identification and quantification - Zonation, refitting, MNE, MNI and BRI 60 2.2.5 Recording surface condition /modification .................................................. 62 2.2.6 Recording fracture type............................................................................... 64 2.2.7 Anthropological data................................................................................... 65 2.3 Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 68 3 Case study 1: Mortuary practice at the late Mesolithic site of Hardinxveld-Polderweg, Netherlands ...................................................................................................................... 74 2 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................... 74 3.2 Site background ................................................................................................. 74 3.2.1 Circumstances of excavation ....................................................................... 74 3.2.2 Archaeological context ............................................................................... 75 3.2.3 Dating and phasing ..................................................................................... 75 3.2.4 Human remains and mortuary practice ........................................................ 76 3.2.5 Current interpretation of burial practice at the site ....................................... 78 3.3 Osteological analysis of Hardinxveld-Polderweg ............................................... 79 3.3.1 Basic quantification of the assemblage ........................................................ 79 3.3.2 Surface preservation ................................................................................... 82 3.3.3 Completeness; an assessment of the degree of fragmentation of the assemblage ............................................................................................................... 90 3.3.4 Osteometric and morphological analysis ..................................................... 91 3.3.5 Results of refitting exercise ......................................................................... 94 3.3.6 Minimum number of elements (MNE) ........................................................ 96 3.3.7 Minimum Number of Individuals .............................................................. 100 3.3.8 Skeletal part representation (BRI) ............................................................. 101 3.3.9 Body modification and processing ............................................................ 104 3.4 Discussion ....................................................................................................... 113 4 Case study 2: Analysis of human remains from „Petit Marais‟, Le Chaussée Tirancourt (Somme, France) .......................................................................................... 117 4.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 117 4.2 Site background ............................................................................................... 117 4.2.1 Circumstances of excavation ..................................................................... 117 4.2.2 Archaeological context ............................................................................. 118 4.2.3 Dating and phasing ................................................................................... 121 4.2.4 Human remains and mortuary practice ...................................................... 123 4.3 Osteological analysis of Petit Marais................................................................ 127 3 4.3.1 Basic quantification .................................................................................. 127 4.3.2 Surface preservation ................................................................................. 130 4.3.3 Completeness of elements ......................................................................... 130 4.3.4 Osteometric and morphological analysis ................................................... 131 4.3.5 Results of refitting exercise ....................................................................... 132 4.3.6 Minimum number of elements (MNE) ...................................................... 132 4.3.7 Minimum number of individuals ............................................................... 132 4.3.8 Skeletal part representation ....................................................................... 133 4.3.9 Modifications............................................................................................ 137 4.3.10 Discussion of body treatment at Petit Marais............................................. 138 5 Case study 3: Analysis of human remains from „Les Varennes‟, Val de Reuil (Eure, France) .......................................................................................................................... 141 5.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................... 141 5.2 Site background ............................................................................................... 141 5.2.1 Circumstances of excavation ..................................................................... 141 5.2.2 Archaeological context ............................................................................. 142 5.2.3 Dating and phasing ................................................................................... 145 5.2.4 Human remains and mortuary practice ...................................................... 145 5.3 Osteological analysis ....................................................................................... 146 5.3.1 Basic quantification .................................................................................. 146 5.3.2 Surface preservation ................................................................................. 148 5.3.3 Osteometric and morphological analysis ................................................... 148 5.3.4 Minimum number of elements (MNE) ...................................................... 149 5.3.5 Minimum number of individuals (MNI) .................................................... 151 5.3.6 Completeness of elements ......................................................................... 151 5.3.7 Skeletal part representation ....................................................................... 152 5.3.8 Spatial distribution of the remains ............................................................. 156 5.3.9 Modifications............................................................................................ 157 4 5.3.10 Discussion of body treatment at Les Varennes .......................................... 157 6 Different and complementary: Comparisons of mortuary practice using osteological data
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Theory Discussion
    02 Theory discussion 16 2.1 Introduction Corpse Disposal Methods This thesis aims to design a burial site, which practices sustainable corpse disposal, prevents placelessness through locally grounding, and focuses on the experience of the living user. This theory chapter is divided into two sections: 1. Sustainable corpse disposal 2. Placelessness and user experience In the first section current corpse disposal methods as well as the influence of culture on selecting how to dispose of a loved one’s corpse is discussed. Following this, sustainable and appropriate corpse disposal methods for this thesis is selected and explained. Section two is a theoretical discussion on the loss of identity and increased placelessness of cemeteries, as well as how the experience of the user can be made meaningful through a narrated landscape. Section 1: Sustainable corpse disposal 2.2 Unsustainable burial practice Figure 7. Current corpse disposal methods (Author 2015). Johannesburg’s Cemeteries are quickly filling up and the city is rapidly running out of burial space (SAPA 2010). This calls for a change in the long established conventional burial, is the placing of a corpse underground in a casket or coffin custom of traditional burial. A less land intensive and more sustainable corpse (Leuta & Green 2011). The grave is traditionally marked with a tombstone to disposal method is required. Cremation and traditional burial are the only legal commemorate the deceased. body disposal methods in South Africa, however many other methods are used internationally; Figure 7 illustrates some of these methods. The coffin is lowered two meter into the soil and covered with the backfill soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Patterns in the Modification of Animal and Human Bones in Iron Age Wessex: Revisiting the Excarnation Debate
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research @ Cardiff Chapter 8 Patterns in the modification of animal and human bones in Iron Age Wessex: revisiting the excarnation debate Richard Madgwick Abstract Social practices concerning the treatment of human and animal remains in the Iron Age have long been a focus of debate in archaeological literature. The absence of evidence of a formal burial rite and the regular retrieval of human remains from ‘special’ deposits or ABG’s has led to widespread discussion surrounding what majority rite was practised in Iron Age Wessex and excarnation has been a popular explanation. The deposition of unusual configurations of faunal remains, often associated with human remains may be suggestive of an interrelated pre-depositional and depositional practise between the different classes of remains. This paper explores how a holistic analysis of bone taphonomy can contribute to the understanding of social practises surrounding the pre-depositional treatment of humans and animals. In a case study of the sites of Winnall Down and Danebury, it was demonstrated that humans and animals were treated significantly differently. Human remains exhibited far less modification than faunal material, suggesting that excarnation was unlikely to have been the majority rite. However, results indicate that either exposure in a protective environment or exhumation was practised so that partial or total disarticulation could occur with little taphonomic modification. Taphonomic analysis of faunal material demonstrates that it is not only humans and animals that were treated differently, as dog and horse remains exhibit significantly different patterns of modification to other animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Incarnation and Excarnation
    When Healing Becomes Educating Selected Articles from the Journal of Anthroposophical Medicine (1986 -1998) Volume IV: Incarnation and Excarnation 1 2 When Healing Becomes Educating Selected Articles from the Journal of Anthroposophical Medicine (1986 -1998) VOLUME 4: INCARNATION AND EXCARNATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATIONWaldorf 3 Published by: The Research Institute for Waldorf Education PO Box 307, Wilton, NH 03086 When Healing Becomes Educating Volume 4: Incarnation and Excarnation ISBN # 978-1-936367-36-8 Editor: Douglas Gerwin Layout: Ann Erwin Articles originally published in the Journal for Anthroposophical Medicine c/o Anthroposophical Society in America 1923 Geddes Avenue Ann Arbor, MI 48104 © 1986–1998 Reprinted with permission from the Physicians’ Association for Anthroposophic Medicine 4801 Yellowwood Avenue Baltimore, MD 21209 4 Table of Contents The General Human Condition and Human Individuality in Standing and Walking . 7 Klaus Hoeller Aspects of Morning and Evening Processes and Their Application in Pharmaceutics . 28 Arman Scheffer The Angels’ Morning and Evening Perceptions . 41 Wolf-Ulrich Kluenker The Sparkling Droplet .. 44 Walther Buehler Two “Problem Children” – Individual Destiny and Karma of the Age . 57 Gisbert Husemann The Excarnating Human Soul: How Can We Provide for the Last Phase of Life? . 63 Floris Reisma A Matter of Life and Death . 72 N.C. Lee “It Is Only the Whole Human Being Who Can Die…” . 76 Rudolf Steiner 5 6 The General Human Condition and Human Individuality Revealed in Standing and Walking* KLAUS HOELLER For creatures to move of their own accord it is necessary for the gravity streaming from the center of the earth and binding them to it to be overcome to a specific degree by the forces of levity .
    [Show full text]
  • Paleo Abstracts
    Abstracts for the Paleoanthropology Society Meeting The University of Pennsylvania Museum, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. 4-5 April 2000 Taphonomy and zooarchaeology of the Die Kelders Cave 1 Middle Stone Age large mammal remains Yoshiko Abe1, Curtis W. Marean2, Peter Nilssen3 and Elizabeth Stone2 1 Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364 2 Department of Anthropology, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4364 3 Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Middle Stone Age (MSA) and Middle Paleolithic (MP) faunal assemblages have gained widespread attention due to their relevance to the debate over the modernity of hominid behavior during the MSA/MP. A recent critique of the scavenging argument for MSA/MP behavior drew on a summary presentation of the skeletal abundance and surface modification data from Die Kelders Cave 1 (DK1) Layer 10 (Marean, 1998). DK1 was excavated on two occasions: first in the 1970s and again in the 1990s. Both excavations were of high quality and produced large faunal assemblages with excellent contextual control. We have now completed the analysis of a substantially larger sample of fauna from Layers 10 through 13, and we present the results of that analysis here. Taphonomic analyses of the samples indicates that a substantial portion of the Size 1 bovids (grysbok) were not accumulated by people but rather by a large raptor, while virtually all Size 2 through 4 bovids were accumulated by people. Thus, while Size 1 mammals may dominate the species representation at DK1 and other MSA sites, the human component of he assemblage actually suggests that people focused on the large bovids.
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information
    Supporting Information Eckhardt et al. 10.1073/pnas.1407385111 SI1: Some Previous “Unique” Hominin Species And where were its (also presumably hominid) descendant Although the Flores skeletal remains from Liang Bua Cave, populations in the intervening 10 million y or so before the existence Flores, have some unusual aspects, the gambit of proposing a new of australopithecines, which on the basis of abundant data had been species to account for the characteristics of a few unusual bones is established as hominids for decades? In the Ramapithecus case the a recurrent phenomenon in paleoanthropology. Periodically the correct answers proved to be “nothing” and “nowhere.” The jaws discipline is swept by one or another idée fixe stimulated by and teeth allocated to Ramapithecus were a selection of the some specimen or sample. Usually, but not invariably, the “new more gracile fragments from larger samples that included more hominin species” hypothesis results from a fresh discovery, but complete, more apelike specimens; so the more gracile remnants this is not invariably the case. The proposal first was made in an comprised not really a separate taxon on a novel adaptive plateau, irregularly issued in-house bulletin for staff (1), that 14–15 Ma and hence they did not have differentiated hominid descendants “Ramapithecus” was the earliest hominid (in the 1960s, hominid until many millennia later. However, at the time when Ram- was the quasi-equivalent term for which hominin now is used, the apithecus was promoted as a hominid, not only were there not shift being related to common subsequent phylogenetic place- any good answers to such questions, but—and this is important ment of the great apes into the Hominidae).
    [Show full text]
  • CURRICULUM VITA David W
    CURRICULUM VITA David W. Frayer Biographical sketch David Frayer is a paleoanthropologist at the University of Kansas, where he is now professor emeritus. He has worked extensively in Europe on Neandertal, Upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Medieval human dental/skeletal material, along with remains from fossil sites in Africa, the Levant, Central Asia and SE Asia. His publications have appeared in major anthropological and science journals with topics ranging from prehistoric dwarfs to the earliest evidence for drilled teeth to issues involving the relationship between Neandertal and modern populations. His books involve dental changes in Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic Europe, evidence for violence in prehistory (edited with Debra Martin), an extensive, illustrated bibliography of the Krapina Neandertal site and an edited volume (with Janet Monge, Alan Mann and Jakov Radovčić) on new research at Krapina. His most recent collaborative work concerns ritual behavior in the Krapina Neandertals, determining handedness from scratches on Neandertal teeth, Krapina Neandertal inner ear structure and evidence for Neandertal jewelry at Krapina. For 2009-2011 he was a Sigma Xi Distinguished lecturer. Most of the publications are available on ResearchGate. His research on handedness was the focus of an article in Discover (June 2018). Mailing and Home Address: 1500 Haskell Ave Lawrence, KS 66044 785-841-7160 [email protected] (email) Education B.A. Anthropology. Miami University, Oxford, OH (1969). M.A. Archeology. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (1971). Ph. D. Biological Anthropology. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (1976). Academic Positions 1969-70 Part-time Lecturer, Department of Anthropology, Cleveland State University. 1972-73 Teaching Assistant, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • Prehistory; a Study of Early Cultures in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE SAGE ENDOWMENT FUND GIVEN IN 1891 BY HENRY WILLIAMS SAGE Cornell University Library GN775.B95 P8 3 1924 029 918 699 olln Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029918699 PREHISTORY CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, Manager LONDON : FETTER LANE, E.C. 4 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY \ CALCUTTA . MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. MADRAS J TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TOKYO : MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PREHISTORY A STUDY OF EARLY CULTURES IN EUROPE AND THE MEDITERRANEAN BASIN BY M. C. BURKITT, M.A., F.G.S. with a short preface by L'Abb£ H. BREUIL PROFESSOR AT THE INSTITUTE OF HUMAN PALAEONTOLOCy, PARIS CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS I 9 2 I PREFACE I TEXT-BOOK on Prehistoric Archaeology is by no means A. an easy thing to write, and the matter is still further complicated to-day by the tremendous rise in the expense of publication, especially if many plates are figured. Again, in a subject such as Prehistory, so closely connected with various branches of written History, Geology, Ethnology, and Later Archaeology, it is very difficult to know when to be ultra-elementary, and when to assume a slight general knowledge of one of these allied subjects. Thus, in the chapters which deal with purely geological problems, a student of Geology wishing to learn something of Prehistory will find some of the most elementary geological ideas ex- plained at length, as all are not geologists.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gravettian in Southwest Germany - Environment and Economy 249
    ANALECTA PRAEHISTORICA LEIDENSIA 1999 ANALECTA PRAEHISTORICA LEIDENSIA 31 ANALECTA PRAEHISTORICA LEIDENSIA PUBLICATION OF THE FACULTY OF ARCHAEOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN HUNTERS OF THE GOLDEN AGE THE MID UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF EURASIA 30,000 - 20,000 BP EDITED BY WIL ROEBROEKS, MARGHERITA MUSSI, JIRI SVODOBA AND KELLY FENNEMA UNIVERSITY OF LEIDEN 1999 This volume is dedicated to the memory of Joachim Hahn Published in cooperation with the European Science Foundation Editorial supervision of this volume: W. Roebroeks ISSN 0169-7447 ISBN 90-73368-16-2 Copyright 2000 Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden Subscriptions to the series Analecta Praehistorica Leidcnsia and single volumes can be ordered exclusively at: Faculty of Archaeology P.O. Box 9515 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands contents 1 Margherita Mussi, Wil Roebroeks and Jiri Svoboda: Hunters of the Golden Age: an introduction / 2 Dale Guthrie and Thijs van Kolfschoten: Neither warm and moist, nor cold and arid: the ecology of the Mid Upper Palaeolithic 13 3 Paul Pettitt: Chronology of the Mid Upper Palaeolithic: the radiocarbon evidence 21 4 Steven Churchill, Vincenzo Formicola, Trenton Holliday, Brigitte Holt and Betsy Schumann: The Upper Palaeolithic population of Europe in an evolutionary perspective 31 5 Olga Soffer: Gravettian technologies in social contexts 59 6 Wil Roebroeks and Raymond Corbey: Periodisations and double standards in the study of the Palaeolithic 77 7 Jean Clottes: Art between 30,000 and 20,000 bp 87 8 Margherita Mussi, Jacques Cinq-Mars and Pierre Bolduc: Echoes from
    [Show full text]
  • Booth, T., & Bruck, J
    Booth, T., & Bruck, J. (2020). Radiocarbon and histo-taphonomic evidence for curation and excarnation of human remains in Bronze Age Britain. Antiquity, 94(377), 1186 - 1203. https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.152 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.15184/aqy.2020.152 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the author accepted manuscript (AAM). The final published version (version of record) is available online via Cambridge University Press at https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2020.152. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Radiocarbon and histo-taphonomic evidence for curation and excarnation of human remains in Bronze Age Britain. Thomas J. Booth1 & Joanna Brück2 1Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK [email protected], [email protected] 2 School of Archaeology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland [email protected] Abstract Partial cremated and unburnt human remains have been recovered from a variety of British archaeological contexts dating from the Chalcolithic to the Earliest Iron Age (c. 2500-600 BC). Chronological modelling and comparison of 189 radiocarbon dates from a selection of these deposits provides evidence for systematic curation of human remains for two generations on average. Histological analysis of human bone using micro-CT indicates mortuary treatment involving excarnation and exhumation of primary burials.
    [Show full text]
  • Funerals in Contemporary North America
    FUNERAL CUSTOMS Funerals in Contemporary North America Traditional Funerals Within the United States and Canada, in most cultural groups and regions, the funeral rituals can be divided into three parts: Visitation, Funeral, Burial Service. Visitation At the visitation (also called a "viewing" or "wake") the embalmed body of the deceased person (or decedent) is placed on display in the coffin (also called a casket). The viewing often takes place on one or two evenings before the funeral. The only prescribed aspects of this gathering are that frequently the attendees sign a book kept by the deceased's survivors to record who attended and that the attendees are expected to view the deceased's body in the coffin. In addition, a family may choose to display photographs taken of the deceased person during his/her life (often, formal portraits with other family members and candid pictures to show "happy times"), prized possessions and other items representing his/her hobbies and/or accomplishments. The viewing is either "open casket", in which the embalmed body of the deceased has been clothed and treated with cosmetics for display; or "closed casket", in which the coffin is closed. The coffin may be closed if the body was too badly damaged because of an accident or fire, © 2016 All Star Training, Inc. 1 deformed from illness or if someone in the group is emotionally unable to cope with viewing the corpse. During an open casket, if the deceased was of Roman Catholic faith, a large rosary made out of fresh flowers may be hung inside of the coffin.
    [Show full text]
  • New Evidence for Diverse Secondary Burial Practices in Iron Age Britain: a Histological Case Study
    Journal of Archaeological Science 67 (2016) 14e24 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas New evidence for diverse secondary burial practices in Iron Age Britain: A histological case study * Thomas J. Booth a, , Richard Madgwick b a Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK b School of History, Archaeology and Religion, John Percival Building, Colum Drive, Cardiff, CF10 3EU, UK article info abstract Article history: Iron Age (c. 700 BCe43AD) funerary practice has long been a focus of debate in British archaeology. Received 17 July 2015 Formal cemeteries are rare and in central-southern Britain human remains are often unearthed in un- Received in revised form usual configurations. They are frequently recovered as isolated fragments, partially articulated body parts 7 January 2016 or complete skeletons in atypical contexts, often storage pits. In recent years, taphonomic analysis of Accepted 23 January 2016 remains has been more frequently employed to elucidate depositional practice (e.g. Madgwick, 2008, Available online 13 February 2016 2010; Redfern, 2008). This has enhanced our understanding of modes of treatment and has contributed much-needed primary data to the discussion. However, only macroscopic taphonomic analysis has been Keywords: fi Bone diagenesis undertaken and equi nality (i.e. different processes producing the same end result) remains a substantial Bioerosion obstacle to interpretation. This research explores the potential of novel microscopic (histological) Taphonomy methods of taphonomic analysis for providing greater detail on the treatment of human remains in Iron Funerary practices Age Britain. Twenty human bones from two Iron Age sites: Danebury and Suddern Farm, in Hampshire, Iron Age Britain central-southern Britain were examined and assessed using thin section light microscopy combined with Histological analysis the Oxford Histological Index (OHI).
    [Show full text]
  • Notes from the Underground (Sometimes Aboveground, Too)
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Law Faculty Scholarly Articles Law Faculty Publications 2016 Notes from the Underground (Sometimes Aboveground, Too) Richard H. Underwood University of Kentucky College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub Part of the Law and Society Commons Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Repository Citation Underwood, Richard H., "Notes from the Underground (Sometimes Aboveground, Too)" (2016). Law Faculty Scholarly Articles. 633. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub/633 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Faculty Publications at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Law Faculty Scholarly Articles by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Notes from the Underground (Sometimes Aboveground, Too) Notes/Citation Information Richard H. Underwood, Notes from the Underground (Sometimes Aboveground, Too), 3 Savannah L. Rev. 161 (2016). This article is available at UKnowledge: https://uknowledge.uky.edu/law_facpub/633 S avannah Law Review VOLUME 3 │ NUMBER 1 Notes from the Underground (Sometimes Aboveground, Too)Ω Richard H. Underwood* When I was invited by Savannah Law Review to be a panelist at The Walking Dead Colloquium at Savannah Law School, I thought . that’s no crazier than the Bob Dylan and the Law Symposium.1 I was compelled to accept. I commented on the scholarship on the Law of the Dead by Colloquium Keynote Speaker, Professor Ray D. Madoff,2 as well as my co-panelists on the Ω Apology to Mr.
    [Show full text]