DOCSLIB.ORG

'Islamic Women's'

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
'Islamic Women's' Islam and Civilisational Renewal A journal devoted to contemporary issues and policy research Special Issue: The Family Institution in the Twenty-First Century – Ideals and Realities Selected Papers from an International Conference of December 2010 (held with the Cooperation of the Malaysian Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development) Volume 3 • Number 1 • October 2011 Produced and distributed by ISSN 2041–871X (Print) ISSN 2041–8728 (Online) © INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED ISLAMIC STUDIES 2011 ICR 3-1 00 prelims 1 20/09/2011 13:20 ISLAM AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Professor Mohammad Hashim Kamali EDITOR Professor Emeritus Datuk Osman Bakar ASSOCIATE EDITORS Christoph Marcinkowski Karim D. Crow ADVISORY BOARD Abdul Hadi Widji Muthari, John Esposito, United States Sachiko Murata, United States Indonesia Marcia Hermansen, United Chandra Muzaffar, Malaysia Ibrahim Abu Rabi‘, Canada States Seyyed Hossein Nasr, United Syed Farid Alatas, Singapore Ekmeleddin Ihsanoğlu, Turkey States Syed Othman Al-Habshi, Anthony H. Johns, Australia Tariq Ramadhan, United Malaysia Khalijah Mohd Salleh, Malaysia Kingdom Amin Abdullah, Indonesia Yasushi Kosugi, Japan Mathias Rohe, Germany Zafar Ishaq Ansari, Pakistan Mahmood Zuhdi b. Hj Abdul Shamsul Amri Baharuddin, Azizan Baharuddin, Malaysia Majid, Malaysia Malaysia Azyumardi Azra, Indonesia Khalid Masud, Pakistan Miroslav Volf, United States Mustafa Cerić, Bosnia Ingrid Mattson, United States John O. Voll, United States Herzegovina Ali A. Mazrui, United States Timothy Winter (alias Abdal Ahmet Davutoğlu, Turkey Abbas Mirakhor, Islamic Hakim Murad), United W. Cole Durham, Jr, United Republic of Iran Kingdom States Mostafa Mohaghegh-Damad, Carl W. Ernst, United States Islamic Republic of Iran OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE • Islam and Civilisational Renewal (ICR) is an international peer-reviewed journal published by Pluto Journals on behalf of the International Institute of Advanced Islamic Studies (IAIS). It carries articles, book reviews and viewpoints on civilisational renewal. • ICR seeks to advance critical research and original scholarship on theoretical, empirical, historical, inter-disciplinary and comparative studies, with a focus on policy research. • ICR aims at stimulating creative and original contributions within contemporary Muslim and non-Muslim scholarship to further civilisational renewal. • ICR promotes advanced research on the civilisational progress of Muslims and critical assessments of modernity, post-modernity and globalisation. CONTRIBUTIONS AND Editorial CORRESPONDENCE Notes to contributors and details of submission can be found at: ICR.plutojournals.org Comments and suggestions as well as requests to contact one of the contributing authors can be emailed to the Managing Editor at: [email protected] ICR 3-1 00 prelims 2 20/09/2011 13:20 CONTENTS Editorial 6 Mohammad Hashim Kamali In Focus Family Values, the Family Institution, and the Challenges of the Twenty-First Century: An Islamic Perspective 12 Osman Bakar Articles Islamic Family Law Reform: Problems and Prospects 37 Mohammad Hashim Kamali The Qur’ānic Model on Social Change: Family Structure as a Method of Social Reform 53 Zainab Alwani Dysfunctional Families and Crime: Righting Wrongs 75 Zaleha Kamaruddin Gender Relations in Singapore Malay Dual-Income Households: (Un)Changing Perceptions and Practices 90 Suriani Suratman The ‘Islamic Women’s’ Movement: Transition from the Private Domain to the Public Sphere 116 Ömer Çaha Filial Piety in Confucianism and Islam: A Comparative Literary Analysis of Qur’ān, Ḥadīth, and Four Chinese Classics 133 Osman bin Abdullah (Chuah Hock Leng), Abdul Salam Muhamad Shukri, and Normala Othman Analogical Reasoning (Qiyās) and the Commodification of Women: Applying Commercial Concepts to the Marital Relationship in Islamic Law 154 Mohammad Omar Farooq Viewpoints The Greeting of Peace-Security (al-Salāmu ʿalaykum): Uncovering the Basis of Islamic Peace 181 Karim D. Crow ICR 3.1 Produced and distributed by Pluto Journals ICR.plutojournals.org ICR 3-1 00 prelims 3 20/09/2011 13:20 4 ISLAM AND CIVILISATIONAL RENEWAL The Sharīʿah’s Stand on Abandoned Children 187 Mohammad Hashim Kamali The Blame-Game: The Politicisation of Western and Muslim Sexual Vices 189 Christoph Marcinkowski Contemporary Malaysian Families: Evidence-Based Interventions 193 Aminah Abdul Rahman The Dilemma of Abandoned Babies Needs a Unified Approach 200 Zarina Nalla Book Reviews Christoph Marcinkowski (ed.), The Islamic World and the West: Managing Religious and Cultural Identities in the Age of Globalisation 205 Eric Winkel Ibrahim Ahmad Aliyu, Protection of Women’s Rights under the Shari‘ah 207 Karim D. Crow Reinhard Cardinal Marx, Das Kapital: Ein Plädoyer für den Menschen [Capital: a plea for the human being] 213 Christoph Marcinkowski Peter Watson, The German Genius: Europe’s Third Renaissance, the Second Scientific Revolution, and the Twentieth Century 216 Christoph Marcinkowski Mehran Kamrava (ed.), Innovation in Islam: Traditions and Contributions 219 Tauseef Ahmad Parray Alwi Shihab, Examining Islam in the West: Addressing Accusations and Correcting Misconceptions 224 Zarina Nalla Events and Significant Developments International Conference on the Family Institution in the Twenty-First Century: Ideals and Realities. Conference Recommendations (13–14 December 2010, IAIS Malaysia) 228 Zarina Nalla Closed-Door Lecture by Professor Volker Nienhaus on “Islamic Capital Markets and the Public Interest (Maṣlaḥah)”, organised by the Malaysian Securities Commission and the University of Malaya (Kuala Lumpur, 9 June 2011) 233 Sheila Ainon Yussof Interview with Professor John O. Voll on the Future of Islamic Studies 235 Zarina Nalla Islam and Civilisational Renewal ICR 3-1 00 prelims 4 20/09/2011 13:20 CONTENTS 5 Obituary Ibrahim Abu-Rabi‛ (1956–2011) 240 Karim D. Crow Notes on the Contributors 242 Aims of the Journal 248 Call for Papers 249 Guidelines for Contributors 250 Transliteration Table 251 Subscription Rates 252 ICR 3.1 Produced and distributed by Pluto Journals ICR.plutojournals.org ICR 3-1 00 prelims 5 20/09/2011 13:20 EDITORIAL This Special Issue of Islam and Civilisational Renewal carries selected papers from the ‘International Conference on the Family Institution in the Twenty-First Century: Ideals and Realities’, held at IAIS Malaysia on 13–14 December 2010. The event was jointly organised by IAIS Malaysia, the Institute of Islamic Understanding Malaysia (IKIM), Yayasan Pendidikan Islam (YPI), Yayasan Ubaidi, the Journalists and Writers Foundation, Istanbul, Turkey, the International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT), and the Malaysian Turkish Dialogue Society, and officiated by Senator Dato’ Sri Sharizat Abdul Jalil, Malaysia’s Minister of Women, Family and Community Development. The two-day international conference was a parallel event to an earlier three-day international conference entitled ‘Family as a Value in Religion, Tradition, and Modernity’, held in Antalya on 26–27 November 2010. The aim of the Antalya conference was to go back to the roots of the family institution and the family values that are common to all religious traditions and cultures. The Kuala Lumpur conference was more focused in the sense that it dealt only with some of the themes that were discussed in Antalya. Moreover, it concentrated on the family traditions in Southeast Asia and their common challenges and problems. The family is universally acknowledged as the most fundamental social unit and institution. As such its state and condition is of paramount importance to the development and progress of society as a whole. IAIS Malaysia, the main convener of the Kuala Lumpur conference, has as its core, long-term agenda the active pursuit of civilisational renewal (tajdīd haḍārī) in the twenty-first century. The stabilisation of the family institution and the restoration of its health and societal dynamism following the progressive degradation of traditional family values in modern times are completely in line with the objectives of the Kuala Lumpur conference. There is an urgent need to stem the tide of degradation of traditional family values and the family institution through identification of all the factors responsible for it and by formulating policies and programmes that will address them in the most effective way. As a think-tank concerned with contemporary policy-oriented issues, particularly from the Islamic perspective, IAIS’ interest in the conference was to pursue a Islam and Civilisational Renewal ICR 3-1 00 prelims 6 20/09/2011 13:20 EDITORIAL 7 balanced approach to family issues that would place practical considerations on a sound conceptual and theoretical understanding of the issues. The following points had been among the objectives of the conference: 1. to assess the state and condition of the contemporary family institution, especially in Malaysia and Southeast Asian countries; 2. to identify the major challenges and problems, both ideological and practical, confronting family values and the family institution that have brought about their degradation and decline; 3. to help formulate national and regional policies and programmes that would address the above identified challenges and problems most effectively; 4. to learn lessons from the various experiences of Southeast Asian communities in family life in blending tradition with modernity; and 5. to submit to the relevant authorities practical recommendations on how best to deal with the numerous issues and problems impacting the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to the Chinese Naming Tradition of Both Ming and Zi
    ǂãϒZƜ 100 ě 12 , 101 Ȃ 167-188 ÚɅjΩôȖď Ȭ®d Οɳ1Zķ͵:ɓI ͻ:, Ŵ Ů ΚɎ˚ΚɎ˚jjjˆôˆôˆôϜďϜďϜďôďΚôďΚôďΚ 167 An Introduction to the Chinese Naming Tradition of Both Ming and Zi Chun-Ping Hsieh Associate Professor of General Education Center National Defense University Abstract Since ancient times, the Chinese have paid high respect to their own full names. A popular saying goes: “While sitting on the seat (or staying at the homeland), one never changes one’s surname; while walking on the road (or traveling abroad), one never changes one’s given name.” To the Chinese, a kind of sacredness lies so definitely in everyone’s name. The surname signifies the continuity of his lineage, whereas the personal name ming signifies blessings bestowed by the parents. A model gentleman of Chinese gentry, jun zi, means a person who conscientiously devotes himself to a virtuous and candid life so as symbolically not only to keep his name from being detained but also to glorify his parents as well as the lineage ancestors. To our surprise, however, the Chinese of traditional elite gentry would adopt, in addition, a courtesy name, zi, at the age of twenty. To avoid deviating from the sense of filial piety, the meaning of this courtesy name must evoke a response to that of the primary personal name. The present paper will thus focus on the strategic naming of zi as ingenious responses to ming, which discloses the most astonishingly wonderful wisdom in the art of Chinese naming. In the first place, we must understand that the need of zi cannot be separated from the address etiquette with which the Chinese of traditional hierarchical society were greatly concerned.
    [Show full text]
  • Linguistic Composition and Characteristics of Chinese Given Names DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8
    Onoma 51 Journal of the International Council of Onomastic Sciences ISSN: 0078-463X; e-ISSN: 1783-1644 Journal homepage: https://onomajournal.org/ Linguistic composition and characteristics of Chinese given names DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8 Irena Kałużyńska Sinology Department Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Warsaw e-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Kałużyńska, Irena. 2016. Linguistic composition and characteristics of Chinese given names. Onoma 51, 161–186. DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8 © Onoma and the author. Linguistic composition and characteristics of Chinese given names Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss various linguistic and cultural aspect of personal naming in China. In Chinese civilization, personal names, especially given names, were considered crucial for a person’s fate and achievements. The more important the position of a person, the more various categories of names the person received. Chinese naming practices do not restrict the inventory of possible given names, i.e. given names are formed individually, mainly as a result of a process of onymisation, and given names are predominantly semantically transparent. Therefore, given names seem to be well suited for a study of stereotyped cultural expectations present in Chinese society. The paper deals with numerous subdivisions within the superordinate category of personal name, as the subclasses of surname and given name. It presents various subcategories of names that have been used throughout Chinese history, their linguistic characteristics, their period of origin, and their cultural or social functions.
    [Show full text]
  • Names of Chinese People in Singapore
    101 Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7.1 (2011): 101-133 DOI: 10.2478/v10016-011-0005-6 Lee Cher Leng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore ETHNOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE CHINESE NAMES: RACE, RELIGION, AND REPRESENTATION Abstract Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora.This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization. Keywords Singapore, Chinese, names, identity, beliefs, globalization. 1. Introduction When parents choose a name for a child, the name necessarily reflects their thoughts and aspirations with regards to the child. These thoughts and aspirations are shaped by the historical, social, cultural or spiritual setting of the time and place they are living in whether or not they are aware of them. Thus, the study of names is an important window through which one could view how these parents prefer their children to be perceived by society at large, according to the identities, roles, values, hierarchies or expectations constructed within a social space. Goodenough explains this culturally driven context of names and naming practices: Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore The Shaw Foundation Building, Block AS7, Level 5 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 e-mail: [email protected] 102 Lee Cher Leng Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation Different naming and address customs necessarily select different things about the self for communication and consequent emphasis.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Person Entity Extraction and Profiling from Classical Chinese Historiography
    A Study of Person Entity Extraction and Profiling from Classical Chinese Historiography Yihong May;x, Qingkai Zengy, Tianwen Jiangy, Liang Caiz, Meng Jiangy yDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA zDepartment of History, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA xSchool of Finance, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China [email protected],{qzeng,tjiang2,lcai,mjiang2}@nd.edu ABSTRACT Meng Xi 孟喜 When historians are interested in demographic and social network Our approach Truth information of historical actors in the early Chinese empires (841 Courtesy name 长卿 长卿 BC–1911 AD), very few studies have been done on entity retrieval Hometown 東海蘭陵 東海蘭陵 from classical Chinese historiography. The key challenge lies in the Title(s) 郎, 丞相掾, 郎, 丞相掾, low resource of the language: deep learning requires large amounts 名之 曲臺署長 of annotated data and becomes impracticable when such data is not Father 孟卿 孟卿 available. In this study, we employ domain experts (history profes- Son N/A N/A sors) to curate a set of person entities and their profile attributes Master(s) 田王孫, 同郡碭田王孫 田王孫 (e.g., courtesy name, place of birth, title) and relations (e.g., father- Disciple(s) 沛翟牧子兄, 同郡白光少子, 翟牧, 白光, son, master-disciple) from two books, Records of the Grand Historian 疏廣, 后蒼 趙賓, 焦延壽 and Book of Han. We develop a pattern-based bootstrapping ap- Table 1: The task is to extract person entities and their pro- proach to extract the information with a very small number (i.e., filing attributes from classical Chinese text.
    [Show full text]
  • Resea Rch of Nah Jolb a Lag Heh the Influences of Resurrection
    The Influences of Resurrection-Believing on Human Worldly Life from Nahj al-Balaghe's Perspective Naser Rafiei Mohammadi* Receive Date: 31 October 2018 Accepted Date: 04 February 2019 Abstract Resurrection is one of the principles of monotheistic religions and its belief is the Research of Nahjolbalagheh of Research difference between religious and non-religious thought. On the other hand, human AQuarterly Research Journal Research AQuarterly beliefs play an important role in human life. One way to illustrate the effect of beliefs on human life is to refer to religious texts. Nahj al-Balagha, as a religious text, contains some of the Amir al-Mu'minin's teachings, which has, directly and indirectly, expressed the various effects of the resurrection belief in human life. This belief causes the human being to imagine himself, in all situations, in the presence of God. Therefore, he is constantly watching over his speech and deeds. Extraction of these works, in addition to explaining the effects of the resurrection on human worldly life, can play an important role in reinforcing the doctrinal foundations as well as determining the appropriate behavioral patterns for individuals in society. In fact, paying attention to these works has a constructive role in the believing life of individuals in the community and will pave the way for the formation of a believing society. Key words: Resurrection, Nahj al-Balagha, World, Resurrection-Believing, Imam Ali (AS). 195 *Associate professor of Al-Mustafa International University [email protected] 193 Role of Resurrection-Believing in Economic Purity according to Nahj Al-Balagheh Fatemeh Moradi Kohnaki */ Ali Matouri **/amanollah naseri *** Receive Date: 23 February 2019 Accepted Date: 18 March 2019 Abstract The term economic purity was first introduced by the Supreme Leader of Research of Nahjolbalagheh of Research Revolution in the statement of the second step of the revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Anglicize Your Asian Name
    SUPPLEMENTARY READING FOR BP TOPIC: Anglicize your Asian name LearningLeaders – All Rights Reserved - 8/5/17 1 ARTICLE 1 HOW CHINESE PEOPLE MAKE WESTERN NAMES FOR THEMSELVES When English learners combine foreign language proficiency with traditional naming practices, the results can be unexpected. November 8, 1016 One of the quirkier aspects of Chinese popular culture today is the practice of choosing Western names, usually those common to English- speaking nations. Indeed, readers may even have enjoyed a laugh at the expense of a Chinese friend with an unusual name, such as Seven, Strong, or Cupid. An obvious interpretation of naming practices claims that having a Western name makes it easier for a Chinese person to navigate cross- cultural interactions. This would explain why more and more people have adopted an English name since the late 1970s, when China began its policies of reform and opening up. While this assertion is true in part, it fails to explain why other globalizing countries do not partake as widely in such a phenomenon. Why do, say, the Japanese or Koreans not take English names? An alternative explanation views the enthusiasm for English names as a manifestation of a more general admiration for the West. In many developing countries, the West is often highly regarded for its level of modernization and political power. As Western culture permeates the developing world, people see changing their names as a way to emulate or share in this success. However, in my opinion, what both of these interpretations ignore is rich naming tradition. After all, when Chinese people take English names, they do not give up their birth names; the new name becomes merely an additional moniker.
    [Show full text]
  • Transcendent Philosophy an International Journal for Comparative Philosophy and Mysticism Editor Transcendent Philosophy Journal Is an Academic Seyed G
    Volume 12. December 2011 Transcendent Philosophy An International Journal for Comparative Philosophy and Mysticism Editor Transcendent Philosophy Journal is an academic Seyed G. Safavi peer-reviewed journal published by the London SOAS, University of London, UK Academy of Iranian Studies (LAIS) and aims to create a dialogue between Eastern, Western and Book Review Editor Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism is published in Transcendent Sajjad H. Rizvi December. Contributions to Exeter University, UK Philosophy do not necessarily reflect the views of the editorial board or the London Academy of Iranian Editorial Board Studies. G. A’awani, Iranian Institue of Philosophy, Iran Contributors are invited to submit papers on the A. Acikgenc, Fatih University, Turkey following topics: Comparative studies on Islamic, M. Araki, Islamic Centre England, UK Eastern and Western schools of Philosophy, Philosophical issues in history of Philosophy, Issues S. Chan, SOAS University of London, UK in contemporary Philosophy, Epistemology, W. Chittick, State University of New York, USA Philosophy of mind and cognitive science, R. Davari, Tehran University, Iran Philosophy of science (physics, mathematics, biology, psychology, etc), Logic and philosophical G. Dinani, Tehran University, Iran logic, Philosophy of language, Ethics and moral P.S. Fosl, Transylvania University, USA philosophy, Theology and philosophy of religion, M. Khamenei, SIPRIn, Iran Sufism and mysticism, Eschatology, Political Philosophy, Philosophy of Art and Metaphysics. B. Kuspinar, McGill University, Canada H. Landolt, McGill University, Canada The mailing address of the Transcendent Philosophy O. Leaman, University of Kentucky, USA is: Y. Michot, Hartford Seminary, Macdonald Dr S.G. Safavi Center, USA Journal of Transcendent Philosophy M. Mohaghegh-Damad, Beheshti University, Iran 121 Royal Langford 2 Greville Road J.
    [Show full text]
  • CONTENTS INHIGEO Newsletter No. 43
    1 CONTENTS INHIGEO Newsletter No. 43 (Published in May 2011 covering events generally in 2010) INHIGEO BOARD 4 REPORTS President‟s Message: Silvia Figueirôa 5 Secretary-General‟s Report: Barry Cooper 5 INHIGEO 2011, TOYOHASHI, JAPAN 7 INHIGEO BUSINESS NOTICES Minutes of 2010 INHIGEO Business Meeting, Almadén, Spain 9 Agenda INHIGEO Business Meeting, Toyohashi, Japan, August 2011 13 CONFERENCE REPORTS INHIGEO 2010, Spain 13 IUGS 50th Anniversary Event, Paris 2011 22 “History of polar exploration, co-operation, research and logistics”, Oslo, 2010 23 “History of Antarctica and scientific research”, Buenos Aires, 2010 24 First Symposium: History of Geology of Chile 25 CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENTS 34th International Geological Congress, Brisbane, Australia 2012 (37th INHIGEO conference) 26 24th International Congress for the History of Science, Technology and Medicine, Manchester, England 2013 (38th INHIGEO conference) 28 OTHER FORTHCOMING ACTIVITIES 28 AWARDS GSA History of Geology Award (2010) to Gabriel Gohau 30 Reinhard Süring Medal to Cornelia Lüdecke 33 Prix Jubilé 2010 Award to Andrea Westermann 33 OBITUARIES Evgeny Alekseyevich Baskov (1925–2010) 33 Masae Omori (1919- 2011) 35 Alexander Meier Ospovat (1923–2010) 36 Manuel Carlos Serrano Pinto (1936 –2011) 39 Wang Hongzhen (1916- 2010) 40 2 INTERVIEW Interview with Yusheng Zhai, Beijing, China, 21 December 2010, Jiuchen Zhang and Yufeng Zhou 42 ARTICLES IUGS 50th Anniversary History Project, Susan Turner 46 Investigations by the German geologist, H. von Abich, in Armenia, Hayk H. Melik-Adamyan & Christophor V. Khachanov 49 Staszic Fascicules, Andrzej J. Wójcik & Wojciech Narębski 52 Early Geological Maps from Central Europe, Alena Čejchanová 54 Mexican geologic cartography: an exhibition marking the centennial of the UNAM, Lucero Morelos Rodríguez 57 NOTES A special historical gem from Hungary 59 International Year of Crystallography – 2013 60 BOOK REVIEWS Stephen K.
    [Show full text]
  • “The Chinese Sexagenary Cycle and the Ritual Origins of the Calendar
    “The Chinese Sexagenary Cycle and the Ritual Origins of the Calendar,” in Calendars and Years II: Astronomy and Time in the Ancient and Medieval World, edited by John M. Steele. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2010. Uncorrected proof. Citations and pagination should be given according to the print version. The Chinese Sexagenary Cycle and the Ritual Foundations of the Calendar Adam Smith From the earliest appearance of literacy in East Asia, around 1250 BC, there is evidence of the routine use of a system for recording dates using cycles of named days. The more fun- damental of these consists of ten terms and will be referred to here as the ‘10-cycle’ (table 1). By running the 10-cycle concurrently with a second cycle twelve days in length, the ‘12-cycle’ (table 2), a longer cycle of sixty days is generated, sixty being the lowest com- mon multiple of ten and twelve. We will refer to this compound cycle as the ‘60-cycle’.1 At the time of their first attestation, the day was the only unit of time that the three cycles were used to record.2 Days within these cycles will be referred to in this chapter with the formulae n/60, n/10 and n/12. So, for example, 3/10 refers to the third day of the 10-cycle. There are many ways of visualizing the compound 60-cycle.3 A comparativist might think of it as a pair of toothed wheels engaged with one another (figure 1), by analogy with the representations of the Mesoamerican Tzolk’in cycle, with which the Chinese 60-cycle has certain similarities.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Violence in Sharīʿa and Its Contemporary
    ‘Violence in Sharīʿa and its Contemporary Implications’ The Al-Mahdi Institute’s 5th Annual Contemporary Fiqhi Issues Workshop 6th – 7th July 2017 60 Weoley Park Road, Birmingham, B29 6RB www.almahdi.edu ‘Violence in Sharīʿa and its Contemporary Implications’ Contributors Workshop 6th – 7th July 2017 Convenor: Dr Ali-Reza Bhojani Al-Mahdi Institute 60 Weoley Park Road, Birmingham, B29 6RB ‘Violence in Sharīʿa and its Contemporary Implications’ The 5th annual fiqhī workshop at Al-Mahdi Institute aims to facilitate scholarship directly addressing questions relating to the topic of “violence in Sharī ͑a andits contemporary implications”. The Muslim juristic fiqhī discourse has been framed historically as concerned with preserving social order, through offering a framework seeking to regulate the lives of humankind by inferring orthopraxic precepts attempting to capture the judgment of God in any given circumstance. The remit of this framework includes regulations for the sanction of, and limits to, violence in all its forms. Recent years have seen increasing challenges to historically inferred positions, alongside continued attempts to understand precepts afresh, on issues as wide ranging as domestic violence, criminal law and the ethics of war. This workshop seeks to explore justifications, challenges and emerging responses to questions regarding attempts to apply any such regulation of violence, whether that violence be collective, interpersonal or self- directed. Programme Schedule: Day 1 Thursday 6th July 2017 10:45-11:15 –Registration
    [Show full text]
  • Rational Shari'ah: Ahmad Qabel's Reformist Approach
    religions Essay Rational Shari’ah: Ahmad Qabel’s Reformist Approach Forough Jahanbakhsh School of Religion, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada; [email protected] Received: 20 October 2020; Accepted: 6 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: This article introduces the late Ahmad Qabel (1958–2012), a new figure among contemporary Iranian religious reformers. Qabel, a progressive mujtahid, proposed the creative theory of Shari’at-e ’Aqlani in order to reform stagnant Shari’ah rules and align the application of legal norms and precepts with the space-time considerations of modern life. Critical of the superficiality of traditional jurists, who led into abeyance the progressive rational praxis within classical Shi’i theology and jurisprudence, Qabel revived and employed these rational principles in his novel method of ijtihad. This paper has four sections: first, there will be a short biographical sketch of Ahmad Qabel. The second section surveys the trajectory of the development of Shi’i fiqh in order to set the backdrop for Qabel’s arguments. Then, I will discuss some of the major rational principles which constitute the heart of Qabel’s methodology. In the last section, the practical results of Qabel’s Shari’at-e ’Aqlani are presented through some of his unconventional fatwas, which, though solidly based within the Shari’ah, took on controversial topics such as women’s rights, religious minorities, jihad, and Islamic government. Keywords: islamic reform; rationalism; Ahmad Qabel; Shi’ism; modern Shari’ah; ijtihad 1. Introduction There is perhaps no aspect of Islam more widely contested in the modern era than Islamic law.
    [Show full text]
  • POLICIES for CATALOGING CHINESE MATERIAL: SUPPLEMENT to the CHINESE ROMANIZATION GUIDELINES Revised September 22, 2004
    ROMANIZATION POLICIES FOR CATALOGING CHINESE MATERIAL: SUPPLEMENT TO THE CHINESE ROMANIZATION GUIDELINES Revised September 22, 2004 This supplement builds on the Chinese romanization guidelines that appear on the Library of Congress pinyin home page (http://lcweb.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/chinese.pdf). The revision of the Chinese guidelines corresponded with the conversion of Wade-Giles romanization in authority and bibliographic records to pinyin on October 1, 2000. The revised romanization guidelines will replace the Wade-Giles guidelines in the ALA-LC romanization tables when it is next updated. The supplement is intended to help catalogers make certain important distinctions when romanizing Chinese personal and place names. RULES OF APPLICATION Romanization 1. ALA-LC romanization of ideographic characters used for the Chinese language follows the principles of the Pinyin ("spell sound") system. The Pinyin system was developed in the mid 20th century for creating Latin script readings for Chinese script ideographic characters. It replaces the Wade-Giles system of romanization specified in earlier editions of the ALA-LC Romanization Tables. The Pinyin system as outlined in Han yu pin yin fang an 汉语拼音方案 (1962) is followed closely for creating romanizations except that the ALA-LC guidelines do not include the indication of tone marks. 2. Standard Chinese national (PRC) pronunciation is used as the basis for creating the Latin script reading of a character. When it is necessary to make semantic distinctions between multiple readings of a single character, rely upon the usage of the most recent comprehensive edition of Ci hai 辞海 (published in China by Shanghai ci shu chu ban she).
    [Show full text]