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An Introduction to the Chinese Naming Tradition of Both Ming and Zi
ǂãϒZƜ 100 ě 12 , 101 Ȃ 167-188 ÚɅjΩôȖď Ȭ®d Οɳ1Zķ͵:ɓI ͻ:, Ŵ Ů ΚɎ˚ΚɎ˚jjjˆôˆôˆôϜďϜďϜďôďΚôďΚôďΚ 167 An Introduction to the Chinese Naming Tradition of Both Ming and Zi Chun-Ping Hsieh Associate Professor of General Education Center National Defense University Abstract Since ancient times, the Chinese have paid high respect to their own full names. A popular saying goes: “While sitting on the seat (or staying at the homeland), one never changes one’s surname; while walking on the road (or traveling abroad), one never changes one’s given name.” To the Chinese, a kind of sacredness lies so definitely in everyone’s name. The surname signifies the continuity of his lineage, whereas the personal name ming signifies blessings bestowed by the parents. A model gentleman of Chinese gentry, jun zi, means a person who conscientiously devotes himself to a virtuous and candid life so as symbolically not only to keep his name from being detained but also to glorify his parents as well as the lineage ancestors. To our surprise, however, the Chinese of traditional elite gentry would adopt, in addition, a courtesy name, zi, at the age of twenty. To avoid deviating from the sense of filial piety, the meaning of this courtesy name must evoke a response to that of the primary personal name. The present paper will thus focus on the strategic naming of zi as ingenious responses to ming, which discloses the most astonishingly wonderful wisdom in the art of Chinese naming. In the first place, we must understand that the need of zi cannot be separated from the address etiquette with which the Chinese of traditional hierarchical society were greatly concerned. -
Administrative Law and the Making of the First <I>Da Qing Huidian</I>
$GPLQLVWUDWLYH/DZDQGWKH0DNLQJRIWKH)LUVW'D4LQJ+XLGLDQ 0DFDEH.HOLKHU /DWH,PSHULDO&KLQD9ROXPH1XPEHU-XQHSS $UWLFOH 3XEOLVKHGE\-RKQV+RSNLQV8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV '2,ODWH )RUDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQDERXWWKLVDUWLFOH KWWSVPXVHMKXHGXDUWLFOH Access provided by Indiana University Libraries (4 Jul 2016 00:49 GMT) Administrative Law and the Making of the First Da Qing Huidian Macabe Keliher, West Virginia University* In the fall of 1690, after decades of development and deliberation, the Qing court issued the first edition of the collected statutes of the dynasty. This hundred-volume compilation pulled together all organizational stipulations for government personnel, as well as the institutional regulations and codes for administrative procedure and activity. It incorporated rules pertaining to political and administrative actors, including the emperor, and outlined the organization and operations of every office and political station of the Qing state. These compiled regulations were, for all intents and purposes, the administrative law of the Qing Dynasty.1 This was the Da Qing huidian, and it laid the ∗ The idea for this article developed in a conversation with my dissertation advisor, Mark Elliott, whose advice and comments on numerous drafts have been invaluable. Michael Chang read and commented on an early draft as a panel discussant at the 2014 Northeast AAS conference, and continued to provide valuable feedback on subsequent revisions in his role as an editor for this journal. I would also like to thank Michael Szonyi and Ian M. Milller for their detailed comments, as well as John Greggory, Nancy Park, David Porter, Teemu Ruskola, and the two anonymous reviewers. Additional research and final revisions were completed during my year as a Jerome Hall Postdoctoral Fellow at Indiana University Maurer School of Law. -
Climbing the Ladder of Success in the Imperial China: Chang Chien's
Open Access Library Journal Climbing the Ladder of Success in the Imperial China: Chang Chien’s Examination Life Shun-Chih Sun Department of Translation and Interpretation Studies, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Chinese Taipei Email: [email protected] Received 7 August 2015; accepted 22 August 2015; published 28 August 2015 Copyright © 2015 by author and OALib. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract Chang Chien (1853-1926) was a native of Nant’ung, Kiangsu. In spite of the Various works on Chang Chien, which testify to the significance of his role in modern China, Chang Chien’s examina- tion life is still not well-researched. The purposes of this paper are firstly, to analyze Chang Chien’s examination life systematically and clearly in the hope that it may become a useful reference for researchers on modern China, and secondly, to stimulate scholars for further research. This paper depends more on basic source materials rather than second-hand data. Among various source materials, Chang Chien’s Diary, The Nine Records of Chang Chien and The Complete Work of Chang Chien are the most important. Chang Chien’s examination life has close connection with the Im- perial China’s Civil Service examination and the establishment of New Education system of China in the late Ch’ing Period. Chang Chien’s examination life can be divided into three periods: 1) The period to Siu-ts’ai diploma (licentiate). 2) The period to Chu-jen diploma (a successful candidate for provincial examination). -
Chinas Examination Hell the Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China 1St Edition Free
CHINAS EXAMINATION HELL THE CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS OF IMPERIAL CHINA 1ST EDITION FREE Author: Ichisada Miyazaki ISBN: 9780300026399 Download Link: CLICK HERE The Chinese Imperial Examination System Transcriptions Revised Romanization gwageo. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of Jin r. It was called the nine-rank system. After the collapse of the Han dynastythe Taixue was reduced to just 19 teaching positions and 1, students but climbed back to 7, students under the Jin dynasty — The Hanlin Academy played a central role in the careers of examination graduates during the Ming dynasty. During the Tang period, a set curricular schedule took shape where the three steps of reading, writing, and the composition of texts had to be learnt before students could enter state academies. Western perception of China in the 18th century admired the Chinese bureaucratic system as favourable over European governments for its seeming meritocracy. In the Song dynasty — the imperial examinations became the primary method of recruitment for official posts. Stanford: Stanford University Press. By the time of the Song dynasty, the two highest military posts of Minister of War and Chief of Staff were both reserved for civil servants. Liu, Haifeng The Chinas Examination Hell The Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China 1st edition of the military examination were more elaborate during the Qing than ever before. China's Examination Hell: The Civil Service Examinations of Imperial China There was almost no other way to hit the really big time. Average rating 3. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. He and the assistant examiners were dispatched on imperial order from the Ministry of Rites. -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
The Road to Literary Culture: Revisiting the Jurchen Language Examination System*
T’OUNG PAO 130 T’oung PaoXin 101-1-3 Wen (2015) 130-167 www.brill.com/tpao The Road to Literary Culture: Revisiting the Jurchen Language Examination System* Xin Wen (Harvard University) Abstract This essay contextualizes the unique institution of the Jurchen language examination system in the creation of a new literary culture in the Jin dynasty (1115–1234). Unlike the civil examinations in Chinese, which rested on a well-established classical canon, the Jurchen language examinations developed in close connection with the establishment of a Jurchen school system and the formation of a literary canon in the Jurchen language and scripts. In addition to being an official selection mechanism, the Jurchen examinations were more importantly part of a literary endeavor toward a cultural ideal. Through complementing transmitted Chinese sources with epigraphic sources in Jurchen, this essay questions the conventional view of this institution as a “Jurchenization” measure, and proposes that what the Jurchen emperors and officials envisioned was a road leading not to Jurchenization, but to a distinctively hybrid literary culture. Résumé Cet article replace l’institution unique des examens en langue Jurchen dans le contexte de la création d’une nouvelle culture littéraire sous la dynastie des Jin (1115–1234). Contrairement aux examens civils en chinois, qui s’appuyaient sur un canon classique bien établi, les examens en Jurchen se sont développés en rapport étroit avec la mise en place d’un système d’écoles Jurchen et avec la formation d’un canon littéraire en langue et en écriture Jurchen. En plus de servir à la sélection des fonctionnaires, et de façon plus importante, les examens en Jurchen s’inscrivaient * This article originated from Professor Peter Bol’s seminar at Harvard University. -
The Diary of a Manchu Soldier in Seventeenth-Century China: “My
THE DIARY OF A MANCHU SOLDIER IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY CHINA The Manchu conquest of China inaugurated one of the most successful and long-living dynasties in Chinese history: the Qing (1644–1911). The wars fought by the Manchus to invade China and consolidate the power of the Qing imperial house spanned over many decades through most of the seventeenth century. This book provides the first Western translation of the diary of Dzengmeo, a young Manchu officer, and recounts the events of the War of the Three Feudatories (1673–1682), fought mostly in southwestern China and widely regarded as the most serious internal military challenge faced by the Manchus before the Taiping rebellion (1851–1864). The author’s participation in the campaign provides the close-up, emotional perspective on what it meant to be in combat, while also providing a rare window into the overall organization of the Qing army, and new data in key areas of military history such as combat, armament, logistics, rank relations, and military culture. The diary represents a fine and rare example of Manchu personal writing, and shows how critical the development of Manchu studies can be for our knowledge of China’s early modern history. Nicola Di Cosmo joined the Institute for Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies, in 2003 as the Luce Foundation Professor in East Asian Studies. He is the author of Ancient China and Its Enemies (Cambridge University Press, 2002) and his research interests are in Mongol and Manchu studies and Sino-Inner Asian relations. ROUTLEDGE STUDIES -
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On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2021 © 2021 Xiaohan Du All Rights Reserved Abstract On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du This dissertation is the first monographic study of the monk-calligrapher Yishan Yining (1247- 1317), who was sent to Japan in 1299 as an imperial envoy by Emperor Chengzong (Temur, 1265-1307. r. 1294-1307), and achieved unprecedented success there. Through careful visual analysis of his extant oeuvre, this study situates Yishan’s calligraphy synchronically in the context of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy at the turn of the 14th century and diachronically in the history of the relationship between calligraphy and Buddhism. This study also examines Yishan’s prolific inscriptional practice, in particular the relationship between text and image, and its connection to the rise of ink monochrome landscape painting genre in 14th century Japan. This study fills a gap in the history of Chinese calligraphy, from which monk- calligraphers and their practices have received little attention. It also contributes to existing Japanese scholarship on bokuseki by relating Zen calligraphy to religious and political currents in Kamakura Japan. Furthermore, this study questions the validity of the “China influences Japan” model in the history of calligraphy and proposes a more fluid and nuanced model of synthesis between the wa and the kan (Japanese and Chinese) in examining cultural practices in East Asian culture. -
Linguistic Composition and Characteristics of Chinese Given Names DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8
Onoma 51 Journal of the International Council of Onomastic Sciences ISSN: 0078-463X; e-ISSN: 1783-1644 Journal homepage: https://onomajournal.org/ Linguistic composition and characteristics of Chinese given names DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8 Irena Kałużyńska Sinology Department Faculty of Oriental Studies University of Warsaw e-mail: [email protected] To cite this article: Kałużyńska, Irena. 2016. Linguistic composition and characteristics of Chinese given names. Onoma 51, 161–186. DOI: 10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.34158/ONOMA.51/2016/8 © Onoma and the author. Linguistic composition and characteristics of Chinese given names Abstract: The aim of this paper is to discuss various linguistic and cultural aspect of personal naming in China. In Chinese civilization, personal names, especially given names, were considered crucial for a person’s fate and achievements. The more important the position of a person, the more various categories of names the person received. Chinese naming practices do not restrict the inventory of possible given names, i.e. given names are formed individually, mainly as a result of a process of onymisation, and given names are predominantly semantically transparent. Therefore, given names seem to be well suited for a study of stereotyped cultural expectations present in Chinese society. The paper deals with numerous subdivisions within the superordinate category of personal name, as the subclasses of surname and given name. It presents various subcategories of names that have been used throughout Chinese history, their linguistic characteristics, their period of origin, and their cultural or social functions. -
Representing Talented Women in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Painting: Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instruction at the Lake Pavilion
REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION By Copyright 2016 Janet C. Chen Submitted to the graduate degree program in Art History and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler ________________________________ Amy McNair ________________________________ Sherry Fowler ________________________________ Jungsil Jenny Lee ________________________________ Keith McMahon Date Defended: May 13, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Janet C. Chen certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: REPRESENTING TALENTED WOMEN IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CHINESE PAINTING: THIRTEEN FEMALE DISCIPLES SEEKING INSTRUCTION AT THE LAKE PAVILION ________________________________ Chairperson Marsha Haufler Date approved: May 13, 2016 ii Abstract As the first comprehensive art-historical study of the Qing poet Yuan Mei (1716–97) and the female intellectuals in his circle, this dissertation examines the depictions of these women in an eighteenth-century handscroll, Thirteen Female Disciples Seeking Instructions at the Lake Pavilion, related paintings, and the accompanying inscriptions. Created when an increasing number of women turned to the scholarly arts, in particular painting and poetry, these paintings documented the more receptive attitude of literati toward talented women and their support in the social and artistic lives of female intellectuals. These pictures show the women cultivating themselves through literati activities and poetic meditation in nature or gardens, common tropes in portraits of male scholars. The predominantly male patrons, painters, and colophon authors all took part in the formation of the women’s public identities as poets and artists; the first two determined the visual representations, and the third, through writings, confirmed and elaborated on the designated identities. -
Annual Report 2020
0 2 0 2 t r o p e R l a u n n A Annual Report 2020 年報 0 2 0 2 報 年 Contents 2 CORPORATE INFORMATION 62 INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S REPORT 4 FINANCIAL SUMMARY 67 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF PROFIT OR LOSS AND OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME 6 CHAIRMAN’S STATEMENT 68 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION 8 BUSINESS REVIEW AND OUTLOOK 70 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY 20 MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 71 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS 27 BIOGRAPHIES OF THE DIRECTORS AND 73 NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS SENIOR MANAGEMENT 30 DIRECTORS’ REPORT 156 FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY 52 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT Corporate Information BOARD OF DIRECTORS AUDITOR Executive Directors Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Mr. Ho Kuang-Chi (Chairman) Certified Public Accountants Ms. Zhao Yi 35/F, One Pacific Place 88 Queensway Non-executive Directors Hong Kong Ms. Chen Su-Yin Mr. Zhang Chi COMPANY’S WEBSITE www.xiabu.com Independent Non-executive Directors Ms. Hsieh Lily Hui-yun STOCK CODE Mr. Hon Ping Cho Terence Ms. Cheung Sze Man 520 Alternate Director HEADQUARTERS AND PRINCIPAL Ms. Li Jie (alternate to Mr. Zhang Chi) PLACE OF BUSINESS IN THE PRC Suncun Industrial Development Zone AUDIT COMMITTEE Huangcun Town Ms. Hsieh Lily Hui-yun (Chairman) Daxing District Mr. Zhang Chi (Ms. Li Jie as his alternate) Beijing Mr. Hon Ping Cho Terence PRC NOMINATION COMMITTEE CAYMAN ISLANDS PRINCIPAL SHARE REGISTRAR AND TRANSFER AGENT Mr. Ho Kuang-Chi (Chairman) Ms. Hsieh Lily Hui-yun Conyers Trust Company (Cayman) Limited Ms. Cheung Sze Man 2901 One Exchange Square Connaught Place Central REMUNERATION COMMITTEE Hong Kong Mr. -
Names of Chinese People in Singapore
101 Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7.1 (2011): 101-133 DOI: 10.2478/v10016-011-0005-6 Lee Cher Leng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore ETHNOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE CHINESE NAMES: RACE, RELIGION, AND REPRESENTATION Abstract Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora.This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization. Keywords Singapore, Chinese, names, identity, beliefs, globalization. 1. Introduction When parents choose a name for a child, the name necessarily reflects their thoughts and aspirations with regards to the child. These thoughts and aspirations are shaped by the historical, social, cultural or spiritual setting of the time and place they are living in whether or not they are aware of them. Thus, the study of names is an important window through which one could view how these parents prefer their children to be perceived by society at large, according to the identities, roles, values, hierarchies or expectations constructed within a social space. Goodenough explains this culturally driven context of names and naming practices: Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore The Shaw Foundation Building, Block AS7, Level 5 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 e-mail: [email protected] 102 Lee Cher Leng Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation Different naming and address customs necessarily select different things about the self for communication and consequent emphasis.