Epsom Common Local Nature Reserve Management Plan 2016 – 2116 First Review 2016 –2026
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Epsom Common Local Nature Reserve Management Plan 2016 – 2116 First Review 2016 –2026 Final Draft - Produced by: EPSOM & EWELL BOROUGH COUNCIL COUNTRYSIDE TEAM CONTENTS INTRODUCTION & ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................ 1 STAGE ONE - DESCRIPTION ........................................................................ 3 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................... 3 1.2 Location ......................................................................................... 4 1.3 Land Tenure & Associated Statutory Requirements ...................... 5 1.4 Photographic Coverage ................................................................. 6 1.5 Summary Description ..................................................................... 6 1.5.1 Physical .......................................................................................... 6 1.5.1.1 Climate ..................................................................................... 6 1.5.1.2 Geology .................................................................................... 7 1.5.1.3 Topography and Hydrology ....................................................... 8 1.5.1.4 Soils .......................................................................................... 8 1.5.2 Biological ........................................................................................ 9 1.5.2.1 Flora and Vegetation Communities ........................................... 9 1.5.2.2 Fauna ..................................................................................... 11 1.5.3 Cultural ......................................................................................... 14 1.5.3.1 Archaeology ............................................................................ 14 1.5.3.2 Land Use ................................................................................ 14 1.5.3.3 Public Access and Recreation ................................................. 15 STAGE TWO – EVALUATION AND OBJECTIVES ...................................... 21 2.1 International and National Status ................................................. 21 2.1.1 SSSI Site Description ................................................................... 21 2.1.2 SSSI Conservation Objectives ..................................................... 22 2.1.3 Operations Likely to Damage the Special Interest (OLD list) ....... 23 2.2 Other Designations ...................................................................... 23 2.2.1 LNR Byelaws and Other Statutory Information ............................ 26 2.2.2 SNCI Description ......................................................................... 27 2.3 Criteria for Evaluation................................................................... 27 2.4 Natural Area Context.................................................................... 35 2.5 Ecological Impact Assessment .................................................... 35 2.6 Identification/Confirmation of Important Features ........................ 35 2.7 Ideal Long-term Management Objectives .................................... 36 2.8 Rationale ...................................................................................... 38 2.8.1 Open Grassland/Relict Heath/Scrub Mosaics Inclusive of Wood Pasture ......................................................................................... 39 2.8.2 Management of mown (ungrazed) grasslands (rides and site margins) ....................................................................................... 46 2.8.3 Mature Semi-natural Woodland (including Veteran Trees) .......... 48 2.8.4 Pond and Wetland Management .................................................. 53 2.8.5 Management of Undesirable Invasive Species ............................ 59 2.8.6 Maintaining and Enhancing Invertebrate Interest ......................... 61 2.8.7 Maintaining and Enhancing Ornithological Interest ...................... 63 2.8.8 Maintaining and Enhancing Botanical Interest ............................. 65 2.8.9 Managing Public Access and Visitor Interpretation ...................... 66 2.8.10 Landscape and Cultural Considerations ...................................... 74 2.8.11 Surveys and Monitoring ............................................................... 74 2.9 Identification of Operational Objectives and Outline Prescriptions ... ..................................................................................................... 82 STAGE THREE - PRESCRIPTION ............................................................... 90 MAPS .......................................................................................................... 112 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... 120 APPENDICES .............................................................................................. 125 Appendix 1 - Epsom and Ashtead Commons SSSI citation ..................... 126 Appendix 2 – OLDs* list for Epsom and Ashtead Commons SSSI ........... 128 Appendix 3 – Epsom Common Species of Nature Conservation Importance ............................................................................................................. 150 Appendix 4 – Byelaws for Epsom Common ............................................. 172 Appendix 5 – National Nature Reserve Criteria…………………………… 174 INTRODUCTION This management plan succeeds the 2005-2015 plan and aims to update and build on the progress made during the implementation of the previous plan which was the first to be agreed formally and implemented by both Epsom & Ewell Borough Council and the governments statutory advisory organisation Natural England. The previous plan succeeded in guiding and completing the re-introduction of summer cattle grazing, significantly improving biological monitoring, increasing volunteer input and cooperation with the Epsom Common Association and City of London (Ashtead Common National Nature Reserve), commencing a programme of veteran tree management, improving public access and interpretation, attaining both Green Flag and Green Heritage Awards, restoring path surfaces and securing the substantial external funding required to achieve the above. Subject to ten year reviews this plan aims to describe the important features of Epsom Common and set out an agreed approach for the continued management of the site to benefit both the people and wildlife of Epsom & Ewell for the next one hundred years. This plan prescribes in detail how the site will be managed from 2016 to 2026, ensuring that Epsom Common continues to provide excellent access to nature whilst at the same time providing a home for wildlife of national and international importance. The plan has been updated following additional site surveys carried out during the lifetime of the previous plan with consequent re-appraisal of available data. Liaison with a number of individuals and representatives of relevant organisations (e.g. Epsom and Ewell Borough Council, the Epsom Common Association Natural England, City of London and the Lower Mole Countryside Partnership) has again taken place. Objectives and outline prescriptions set out in consultation drafts have been agreed by all parties concerned. As with the 2005-2015 plan the format of this plan remains based on that produced for Ambersham Common, West Sussex (Ryland, 2002) A PLAN FOR THE NEXT 100 YEARS Over the last 100 years Epsom Common has undergone great change. A once largely treeless heath resulting from local economic pressure to provide subsistence to local people through grazing, fuel and fodder, today provides local people with fresh air, exercise and protection for wildlife. As readers of this plan will discover Epsom Common is of both national and international importance for its wildlife and maintaining that value requires an informed, consistent, systematic and long term approach to habitat management and public access. For example, trees live for hundreds of years, the ecological benefits of re- introducing grazing will take many decades to be fully realised, and biological monitoring often yields really valuable information after many years of recording effort. 1 This plan provides a regularly reviewed (10 years) 100 year approach to the management of Epsom Common to ensure the protection, maintenance and enhancement of the wildlife and heritage of Epsom Common whilst also ensuring good public access to a wonderful place! The key components in managing Epsom Common which are unlikely to change in the next one hundred years are as follows: Managing and maintaining the features of the Site of Special Scientific Interest in ‘favourable’ condition. Ensuring the protection, maintenance, monitoring and enhancement of biodiversity and cultural heritage of Epsom Common. Ensuring good public access via a network of well-maintained and signed paths and bridleways. Encouraging and supporting the work of the Epsom Common Association and volunteers. Interpreting Epsom Common to the public Maintaining a close working relationship with the owners of Ashtead Common (City of London) and other partners through the Epsom & Ashtead Commons SSSI Forum Maintaining Great Pond Dam under the terms of the Reservoirs Act. Working towards the attainment of National Nature Reserve Status for the whole of the Epsom & Ashtead Commons Site of Special Scientific Interest. Acknowledgements We remain very grateful to consultant ecologists Giles Groome and Karl