Langue GUR Du Togo Et Du Ghana – Parler De Nawaré Gbandi Adouna

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Langue GUR Du Togo Et Du Ghana – Parler De Nawaré Gbandi Adouna Description phonologique et grammaticale du Konkomba - Langue GUR du Togo et du Ghana – Parler de Nawaré Gbandi Adouna To cite this version: Gbandi Adouna. Description phonologique et grammaticale du Konkomba - Langue GUR du Togo et du Ghana – Parler de Nawaré. Linguistique. Université Rennes 2; Université de Lomé (TOGO), 2009. Français. tel-00416375 HAL Id: tel-00416375 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416375 Submitted on 14 Sep 2009 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 SOUS LE SCEAU DE L’UNIVERSITÉ EUROPÉENNE DE BRETAGNE THÈSE DE DOCTORAT EN COTUTELLE INTERNATIONALE UNIVERSITÉ RENNES 2 - UNIVERSITÉ de LOMÉ (TOGO) Ecole doctorale – Arts, Lettres, Langues Université RENNES 2 E.A. 2241 : L.A.S. Composante L.I.R.L. – RENNES 2 LABOREL – LOMÉ (Togo) DESCRIPTION PHONOLOGIQUE ET GRAMMATICALE DU KONKOMBA Langue GUR du Togo et du Ghana – Parler de Nawaré Thèse de Doctorat en Cotutelle Internationale Discipline : Sciences du Langage Présentée par Gbandi ADOUNA Directeur de thèse : Jean-Yves URIEN Directeur de thèse : Lébéné Philippe BOLOUVI Soutenue le 30 juin 2009 à l’Université RENNES 2 Jury : Mme Paulette ROULON DOKO Directrice de Recherche au CNRS (Présidente) M. Musanji NGALASSO MWATHA Professeur Université BORDEAUX 3 (Rapporteur) M. Lébéné Philippe BOLOUVI Professeur Université LOMÉ (Directeur de thèse) M. Jean-Yves URIEN Professeur émérite Université RENNES 2 (Directeur de thèse) Gbandi ADOUNA – Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur du Togo et du Ghana – parler de Nawaré Adouna, Gbandi. Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur (voltaïque) du Togo et du Ghana - parler de Nawaré - 2009 2 À feue ma Mère, Qui m’a appris que la vie est faite de mystères. À feu mon Père, Qui m’a fait comprendre que le Soleil finit toujours par se lever. /sóó sóó mun ŋanι, máláá máláá mun ŋanι1/ Doucement doucement aussi être bon, vite vite aussi être bon. REMERCIEMENTS La présente Thèse a été réalisée grâce à l’aide et au concours des uns et des autres. Je tiens particulièrement à remercier mes Directeurs de Thèse : - le Professeur Jean-Yves URIEN, pour avoir accepté et assuré, au niveau de Rennes 2, le suivi de la Thèse, pour toute l’attention qu’il y a porté et la disponibilité dont il a fait montre. - le Professeur Lébéné Philippe BOLOUVI, de l’Université de Lomé, pour les mêmes raisons, et pour m’avoir donné, par ses enseignements, le goût pour la linguistique. Mes remerciements vont aussi à l’endroit du LIRL, et à tout le personnel des Sciences du Langage de de l’Université de Rennes 2, pour le cadre et les conditions qu’ils m’ont offertes pour faciliter mes travaux de recherche en France. Ces remerciements s’adressent, identiquement, au Laboratoire de Recherches Linguistiques du Togo (LABOREL-TOGO), et à mes enseignants : les Professeurs Kossi AFÉLI et Issa TAKASSI. Au niveau du LIRL, je remercie en particulier : - Mmes Monique MORVAN et Aurélie BERTRAND pour leur sollicitude. Par leur disponibilité, j’ai eu un accès libre à toute la documentation nécessaire. - M. Jean-Claude QUENTEL, Directeur du Laboratoire, pour tous ses encouragements. Je remercie également les Services de la Coopération française au Togo et le Gouvernement français qui ont financé mes quatre séjours en France, entre 2005 et 2008 ; cette bourse en alternance a créé les conditions optimales pour une Thèse de doctorat en cotutelle internationale avec Rennes 2. Je suis vraiment reconnaissant aux Présidents des Universités de Kara et de Lomé, les Professeurs TCHAKPÉLÉ Komi et AHADJI Nonon, pour les facilités qu’ils m’ont offertes jusqu’à l’aboutissement de cette Thèse. Les mêmes remerciements vont au Secrétaire Général de l’Université de Kara, M. PIDABI Bawoubadi, pour l’attention particulière qu’il a accordée à toutes mes doléances ; au Doyen de la Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, M. BADAMELI Kossi et au Chef du Département des Sciences du Langage, Mme KASSAN Balaïbaou : leur esprit de compréhension m’a permis de concilier recherche et activités pédagogiques. Tous mes remerciements à : Ma femme, Boukoumpou Reine, née YAWANKE, pour tout son réconfort et ses encouragements ; Mon fils, Gbati Honoré, toujours à mes côtés, pour ces longs moments d’absence qu’il a supportés, avec sa mère ; M. le Père BOKOUMBO Yadja Etienne, pour son soutien moral et spirituel ; Toute ma famille, en particulier mes sœurs Lantame Kpandipou, Christine Ikpindi, Larba, Aléwa, Adja, Viviane, Kodjine ; mes frères Lantam Nestor, Komi, Kissao, Dénis, Abel, Alex Gbati, Simplice, pour leurs encouragements ; M. l’Ingénieur GNON Saïbou, pour le cadre qu’il m’a offert pour mes "retraites" de travail à Bassar ; Mes collègues KANTCHOA Laré, BAKPA Mimboabe, PALI Tchaa, BINI Essonam, pour leur collaboration ; M. BOKO Louis et sa femme Sirina, née BONFOH ; à MM. BONFOH Malick et Aliassim, mes proches parents en France ; Mes Aînés TCHAPO Kossi, TCHALARE Badji et GARBA Tchandikou, pour leurs conseils ; Mes amis KIPOIDI Baba, BONFO Nouhoum, NAPO Tchein, KISSAO Basile Gbati, NATABI Gnandi ; les Docteurs PISSANG Cyrille, TCHÉDRÉ Kissao et LABANTE Nakpane. 1 Chanson populaire bassar. Gbandi ADOUNA – Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur du Togo et du Ghana – parler de Nawaré Adouna, Gbandi. Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur (voltaïque) du Togo et du Ghana - parler de Nawaré - 2009 3 ABRÉVIATIONS UTILISÉES ACT = Actualisateur MCPL = Morphème complétif ADJ = Adjectif MDET = Morphème de détermination ADJL = Adjectival MPOT = Marque du potentiel ADV = Adverbe N = Nom ADVL = Adverbe de lieu NEG = Négation ADVT = Adverbe de temps NEGF = Négation dans le futur ALT = Alternatif NMNT = Nominant ANAPH = Anaphorique O = Objet ATR = Advanced Tongue Root PD = Particule discursive AUX = Auxiliaire PF = Perfectif B = Ton bas PL = Pluriel BV = Base verbale PLT = Passé lointain CC = Complément circonstanciel POSS = Possession CIRC = Circonstanciel POSTP = Postposition CL = Marqueur de classe POT = Potentiel COD = Complément d’objet direct PR EMPH = Pronom emphatique COND = Condition PR INT = Pronom interrogatif CONN = Connecteur PRC = Passé récent CONT = Continuatif PRED = Prédicat COORD = Coordonnant PREF = Préfixe DEICT = Déictique PRON = Pronom DEM = Démonstratif PROS = Prospectif DIRL = Direction vers le locuteur RAD = Radical EMPH = Emphase REL = Relatif FD = Futur de décision REPET = Répétition FL = Futur lointain RES = Résultatif FOCS = Focalisation RS = Rappel Sujet H = Ton haut RTR = Retracted Tongue Root HAB = Habituel SING = Singulier IDEO = Idéophone SN = Syntagme nominal IND = Indéfini SPEC = Spécificatif INJ = Injonctif SUB = Subordonnant INT = Interrogatif SUBST = Substitutif IPF = Imperfectif SUF = Suffixe LIND = Lieu indiqué SV = Syntagme verbal LOC = Locution TC = Temps circonscrit LOCTD = Locution temporelle TPS = Temps discontinue TV = Temps virtuel M = Ton moyen V = Verbe Gbandi ADOUNA – Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur du Togo et du Ghana – parler de Nawaré Adouna, Gbandi. Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur (voltaïque) du Togo et du Ghana - parler de Nawaré - 2009 4 SOMMAIRE GÉNÉRAL Système de transcription……………………………………………………………… 5 Partie introductive……………………………………………………………………… 7 Phonologie……………………………………………………………………………… 38 Morphologie…………………………………………………………………………….. 111 Syntaxe………………………………………………………………………………….. 265 Conclusion générale…………………………………………………………………… 362 Bibliographie……………………………………………………………………………. 366 Annexe : corpus de conte…………………………………………………………….. 379 Table des matières……………………………………………………………………... 386 Gbandi ADOUNA – Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur du Togo et du Ghana – parler de Nawaré Adouna, Gbandi. Description phonologique et grammaticale du konkomba, langue Gur (voltaïque) du Togo et du Ghana - parler de Nawaré - 2009 5 SYSTÈME DE TRANSCRIPTION Le système utilisé est l’A.P.I. Transcription de la nasalité d’une voyelle. (Ici de ton bas) òn / òm / ò = nasalité (en exposant)2 Transcription de l’aspiration vocalique : Vh = aspiration (exposant) Transcription de la labialisation d’une consonne : Cw labialisation (exposant) La tonalité Abréviations des tons H = ton haut M = ton moyen B = ton bas Transcription des tons (ici sur / o /)3 : ó = ton haut (accent aigu) ò = ton bas (accent grave) o = ton moyen (sans accent). Toute absence de diacritique équivaut à la présence d’un ton moyen. Exemple : / lιbi:lι /. Schéma tonal M M M. Tonalité et longueur vocalique : La voyelle longue porte deux positions tonales. La transcription distinguera deux cas. 1) La syllabe longue porte deux tons identiques ; la longueur sera notée « ». On lira : / o / ou / i / = voyelles porteuses de deux tons moyens, M / ó / ou / í / = voyelles porteuses de deux tons hauts, H / ò / ou / ì / = voyelles porteuses de deux tons bas, B 2 Leonard Bloomfield utilise la même représentation de la nasalité dans Language (1984 : 299). On peut y lire : "hand" : French [mn] ; "house" : French [mezon]. La pratique qui consiste
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