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7. Jüdische Dramatik DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit „Jüdisches Theater in Wien in den 1930er – Vermittlung der jüdischen Identität“ Verfasserin Theresa Dienstl angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag.phil.) Wien, 2013 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 317 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft Betreuerin: Univ. Prof. Mag. Dr. Gabriele C. Pfeiffer Inhaltsverzeichnis Danksagung ............................................................................................................ 5 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................................. 6 2. Grundlagen und Begriffserklärung ....................................................................... 8 2.1. Der jüdische Geist und die jüdische Identität ................................................. 8 2.1.1. Der Jüdische Geist .................................................................................. 8 2.1.2. Die Jüdische Identität .............................................................................. 9 3. Sozio-religiöse Faktoren zur Bestimmung des jüdischen Geistes ..................... 10 3.1. Das Judentum ............................................................................................. 10 3.1.1. Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786) ........................................................ 13 3.2. Jüdischer Kalender und Jüdische Feste ...................................................... 14 3.2.1. Rosch Haschana (Haupt des Jahres) ................................................... 15 3.2.2. Die Pilgerfeste ....................................................................................... 16 3.2.3. Pessach ................................................................................................ 16 3.2.4. Schawout .............................................................................................. 17 3.2.5. Sukkot ................................................................................................... 17 3.2.6. Chanukka .............................................................................................. 18 3.2.7. Purim ..................................................................................................... 18 3.2.8. Traurige Gedenktage ............................................................................ 19 3.3. Stereotypen ................................................................................................. 19 4. Sozio-kulturelle Faktoren zur Bestimmung des jüdischen Geistes .................... 23 4.1. Humor .......................................................................................................... 23 4.2. Skepsis ........................................................................................................ 23 4.3. Spracheigenschaften des Jiddischen .......................................................... 24 5. Sozio-politische Faktoren zur Bestimmung des jüdischen Geistes .................... 28 2 5.1. Assimilation: ................................................................................................ 28 5.2. Antisemitismus ............................................................................................ 28 5.3. Antijüdische Karikaturen .............................................................................. 30 5.4. Zionismus .................................................................................................... 30 5.4.1. Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) ................................................................... 31 6. Die Vorläufer des jüdischen Theaters ................................................................ 32 6.1. Purimspiel .................................................................................................... 32 6.2. Broder Sänger ............................................................................................. 33 6.3. Abraham Goldfaden ..................................................................................... 34 7. Jüdische Dramatik ............................................................................................. 37 8. Wien in den 30er Jahren .................................................................................... 43 8.1. Jüdische Kultur und Theater in Wien ........................................................... 44 8.1.1. Eugen Hoeflichs .................................................................................... 48 8.2. Österreichische Kulturpolitik in den dreißiger Jahren ................................... 55 8.3. Die Nationalsozialistische Judenpolitik ........................................................ 55 9. Sozio-psychologische Faktoren zur Bestimmung des jüdischen Geistes .......... 57 10. Jüdische Theaterinstitutionen in Wien ............................................................ 59 10.1. Die jüdische Bühne: 1908-1938 ............................................................... 60 10.1.1. Die Jüdische Bühne 1931-1938 ......................................................... 61 10.2. Freie Jüdische Volksbühne: 1919-1922 ................................................... 63 10.3. Jüdisches Künstlerkabarett: 1925-1931 ................................................... 64 10.4. Jüdische Künstlerspiele: 1927-1938 ......................................................... 67 10.5. Jüdisch-Politisches Kabarett: 1928-1938 ................................................. 71 10.6. Jüdisches Kulturtheater: 1935-1938 ......................................................... 72 11. Dramen ........................................................................................................... 75 11.1. „Höre Israel“ ............................................................................................. 75 11.1.1. David Pinski ....................................................................................... 75 11.1.2. Inhalt ..................................................................................................... 75 3 11.1.3. Analyse ................................................................................................. 76 11.2. „Zurück zum Volk“ .................................................................................... 79 11.2.1. Inhalt .................................................................................................. 79 11.2.2. Analyse .............................................................................................. 79 11.3. „Die Grenze“ ............................................................................................. 81 13.3.1 Inhalt .................................................................................................. 82 13.3.2 Analyse .............................................................................................. 82 13.3.3 Oskar Rosenfeld ................................................................................ 85 11.4. „Jakob und Christian“ ............................................................................... 87 11.4.1. Inhalt .................................................................................................. 87 11.4.2. Analyse .............................................................................................. 88 11.5. „Die einzige Lösung“ ................................................................................ 90 11.5.1. Inhalt: ................................................................................................. 90 11.5.2. Analyse .............................................................................................. 90 11.6. „Der Dibbuk“ ............................................................................................. 92 11.6.1. An-ski ................................................................................................. 92 11.6.2. Inhalt .................................................................................................. 93 11.6.3. Analyse .............................................................................................. 94 11.6.4. Der Dibbuk in Wien 1938 ................................................................... 97 11.7. „Die goldene Kette“ .................................................................................. 99 11.7.1. Inhalt .................................................................................................. 99 11.7.2. Analyse .............................................................................................. 99 12. Resümee/Conclusio ...................................................................................... 101 13. Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................. 104 Inhaltsangabe ......................................................................................................... 110 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 111 Lebenslauf .............................................................................................................. 112 4 Danksagung An dieser Stelle möchte ich mich bei jenen Personen, die mir bei der Erstellung dieser Arbeit geholfen haben, herzlich bedanken. Herzlichen Dank an meine Betreuerin Prof. Mag. Dr. Gabriele C. Pfeiffer, die mich auf diesem Weg begleitet hat. Des Weiteren möchte ich mich bei Ulrike Wirth bedanken, die alle meine Fragen unermüdlich beantwortet hat. Dank auch an Prof. Mag. Dr. Brigitte Dalinger, die dieses Thema
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