Unit 3 SAMKHYA PHILOSOPHY
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Indian Psychology: the Connection Between Mind, Body, and the Universe
Pepperdine University Pepperdine Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations 2010 Indian psychology: the connection between mind, body, and the universe Sandeep Atwal Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd Recommended Citation Atwal, Sandeep, "Indian psychology: the connection between mind, body, and the universe" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 64. https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/64 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Pepperdine University Graduate School of Education and Psychology INDIAN PSYCHOLOGY: THE CONNECTION BETWEEN MIND, BODY, AND THE UNIVERSE A clinical dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Psychology by Sandeep Atwal, M.A. July, 2010 Daryl Rowe, Ph.D. – Dissertation Chairperson This clinical dissertation, written by Sandeep Atwal, M.A. under the guidance of a Faculty Committee and approved by its members, has been submitted to and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PSYCHOLOGY ______________________________________ Daryl Rowe, Ph.D., Chairperson ______________________________________ Joy Asamen, Ph.D. ______________________________________ Sonia Singh, -
Upanishad Vahinis
Glossary This glossary contains Sanskrit words, people, places, and literature that appear in Upanishad Vahini. Some Sanskrit words have made their way into English and appear in English dictionaries. A few of them are used without definition in the text, but they are defined in this glossary. Among them areAtma , dharma, guru, karma, yogas, and yogi. The text uses standard spellings for Sanskrit, and this glossary provides the same spellings. But some of the Sanskrit compounds have been hyphenated between their constituent words to aid those who want to analyze the meanings of individual words. When compound words are broken, individual words are given. Aagama. That which has come or originated. The primeval source of knowledge. A name for Vedas. aapo-jyoti. Splendour of water. abhasa. Appearance, superimposition of false over real. a-bhaya. Fearlessness. a-chetana. Non-intelligent, unconscious, inert, senseless. a-dharma. Evil, unjustice. adhyasa. Superimposition. adi-atma. Pertaining to the individual soul, spirit, or manifestation of supreme Brahman. adi-atmic. Pertaining to adi-atma. adi-bhauthika. Pertaining to the physical or material world; the fine spiritual aspect of material objects. adi-daivika. Pertaining to divinity or fate, e.g. natural disasters. aditya. Sun. Aditya. Son of Aditi; there were twelve of them, one of them being Surya, the sun, so Surya is sometimes called Aditya. a-dwaitha. Nondualism or monism, the Vedantic doctrine that everything is God. a-dwaithic. Of or pertaining to a-dwaitha. agni. Fire element. Agni. God of fire. Agni-Brahmana. Another word for the Section on horse sacrifice. agnihotra. Ritual of offering oblations in the holy fireplace. -
Paper 07 16 E Group
E GROUP COLET HOUSE 9 JULY 200 7 The Gunas Ouspensky was always interested in the origin of the System. He thought that some of it came from Samkhya, one of the 6 schools of Indian Vedic philosophy. This school – founded around 500 BC – does not exist now as an active tradition, but some of its elements have been incorporated in other schools, notably Yoga and Advaita. The teaching on the Gunas came originally from Samkhya. The Gunas (strict translation, strings) correspond to the three forces of the System: Rajas = active force Tamas = passive force Sattva = neutralising force. Ouspensky used to start the teaching of triads in this way: This is the first idea that was explained in the System and at the time when we first spoke of it in St Petersburg when we first learned it, I r ealized that this idea is the same as the idea of triads in Indian philosophy. In Sankhya philosophy you find the idea of three Gunas and it is explained there that there are three forces and their combination produces all the phenomena in the world. In Sankhya philosophy it is put like that: three Gunas have seven combinations, one combination incomprehensible for our mind and six combinations comprehensible for our mind. [ A Record of Meetings , 17.1.38] Exactly where Ouspensky found this account of the Sa mkhya triads is unclear, because in the main corpus of Hindu literature there is little about the order of action of the Gunas, just a single mention of six triads in the Mah abharata . -
An Understanding of Maya: the Philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva
An understanding of Maya: The philosophies of Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhva Department of Religion studies Theology University of Pretoria By: John Whitehead 12083802 Supervisor: Dr M Sukdaven 2019 Declaration Declaration of Plagiarism 1. I understand what plagiarism means and I am aware of the university’s policy in this regard. 2. I declare that this Dissertation is my own work. 3. I did not make use of another student’s previous work and I submit this as my own words. 4. I did not allow anyone to copy this work with the intention of presenting it as their own work. I, John Derrick Whitehead hereby declare that the following Dissertation is my own work and that I duly recognized and listed all sources for this study. Date: 3 December 2019 Student number: u12083802 __________________________ 2 Foreword I started my MTh and was unsure of a topic to cover. I knew that Hinduism was the religion I was interested in. Dr. Sukdaven suggested that I embark on the study of the concept of Maya. Although this concept provided a challenge for me and my faith, I wish to thank Dr. Sukdaven for giving me the opportunity to cover such a deep philosophical concept in Hinduism. This concept Maya is deeper than one expects and has broaden and enlightened my mind. Even though this was a difficult theme to cover it did however, give me a clearer understanding of how the world is seen in Hinduism. 3 List of Abbreviations AD Anno Domini BC Before Christ BCE Before Common Era BS Brahmasutra Upanishad BSB Brahmasutra Upanishad with commentary of Sankara BU Brhadaranyaka Upanishad with commentary of Sankara CE Common Era EW Emperical World GB Gitabhasya of Shankara GK Gaudapada Karikas Rg Rig Veda SBH Sribhasya of Ramanuja Svet. -
Book Only Cd Ou160053>
TEXT PROBLEM WITHIN THE BOOK ONLY CD OU160053> Vedant series. Book No. 9. English aeries (I) \\ A hand book of Sri Madhwacfaar^a's POORNA-BRAHMA PH I LOSOPHY by Alur Venkat Rao, B.A.LL,B. DHARWAR. Dt. DHARWAR. (BOM) Publishers : NAYA-JEEYAN GRANTHA-BHANDAR, SADHANKERI, DHARWAR. ( S.Rly ) Price : Superior : 7 Rs. 111954 Ordinary: 6 Rs. (No postage} Publishers: Nu-va-Jeevan Granth Bhandar Dharwar, (Bombay) Printer : Sri, S. N. Kurdi, Sri Saraswati Printing Press, Dharwar. ,-}// rights reserved by the author. To Poorna-Brahma Dasa; Sri Sri : Sri Madhwacharya ( Courtesy 1 he title of my book is rather misleading for though the main theme of the book is Madhwa philosophy, it incidentally and comparitively deals with other philosophies such as that of Sri Shankara Sri Ramanuja and Sri Mahaveer etc. So, it is use- ful for all those who are interested in such subjects. Sri Madhawacharya, the foremost Vaishnawa philosopher, who is the last of the three great Teachers,- Sri Shankara, Sri Ramanuja and Sri Madhwa,- is so far practically unknown to the English-reading public of India. This is, therefore the first attempt to present his philosophy to the wider public. Madhwa philosophy has got two aspects, one universal and the other, particular. I have tried to place before the readers both these aspects. I have re-assessed the values of Madhwa and other philosophies, and have tried to find out also the greatest common factor,-an angle of vision which has not been systematically adopted by any body. He is a great Harmoniser. In fact mine isS quite a new approach, I have tried to put old things in a new way. -
Issues in Indian Philosophy and Its History
4 ISSUESININDIAN PHILOSOPHY AND ITS HISTORY 4.1 DOXOGRAPHY AND CATEGORIZATION Gerdi Gerschheimer Les Six doctrines de spéculation (ṣaṭtarkī) Sur la catégorisation variable des systèmes philosophiques dans lInde classique* ayam eva tarkasyālaņkāro yad apratişţhitatvaņ nāma (Śaģkaraad Brahmasūtra II.1.11, cité par W. Halbfass, India and Europe, p. 280) Les sixaines de darśana During the last centuries, the six-fold group of Vaiśeşika, Nyāya, Sāņkhya, Yoga, Mīmāņ- sā, and Vedānta ( ) hasgained increasing recognition in presentations of Indian philosophy, and this scheme of the systems is generally accepted today.1 Cest en effet cette liste de sys- tèmes philosophiques (darśana) quévoque le plus souvent, pour lindianiste, le terme şađ- darśana. Il est cependant bien connu, également, que le regroupement sous cette étiquette de ces six systèmes brahmaniques orthodoxes est relativement récent, sans doute postérieur au XIIe siècle;2 un survol de la littérature doxographique sanskrite fait apparaître quil nest du reste pas le plus fréquent parmi les configurations censées comprendre lensemble des sys- tèmes.3 La plupart des doxographies incluent en effet des descriptions des trois grands sys- tèmes non brahmaniques, cest-à-dire le matérialisme,4 le bouddhisme et le jaïnisme. Le Yoga en tant que tel et le Vedānta,par contre, sont souvent absents de la liste des systèmes, en particulier avant les XIIIe-XIVe siècles. Il nen reste pas moins que les darśana sont souvent considérés comme étant au nombre de six, quelle quen soit la liste. La prégnance de cette association, qui apparaît dès la première doxographie, le fameux Şađdarśanasamuccaya (Compendium des six systèmes) du jaina Haribhadra (VIIIe s. -
Upanishad Vahinis
Upanishad Vahini Stream of The Upanishads SATHYA SAI BABA Contents Upanishad Vahini 7 DEAR READER! 8 Preface for this Edition 9 Chapter I. The Upanishads 10 Study the Upanishads for higher spiritual wisdom 10 Develop purity of consciousness, moral awareness, and spiritual discrimination 11 Upanishads are the whisperings of God 11 God is the prophet of the universal spirituality of the Upanishads 13 Chapter II. Isavasya Upanishad 14 The spread of the Vedic wisdom 14 Renunciation is the pathway to liberation 14 Work without the desire for its fruits 15 See the Supreme Self in all beings and all beings in the Self 15 Renunciation leads to self-realization 16 To escape the cycle of birth-death, contemplate on Cosmic Divinity 16 Chapter III. Katha Upanishad 17 Nachiketas seeks everlasting Self-knowledge 17 Yama teaches Nachiketas the Atmic wisdom 18 The highest truth can be realised by all 18 The Atma is beyond the senses 18 Cut the tree of worldly illusion 19 The secret: learn and practise the singular Omkara 20 Chapter IV. Mundaka Upanishad 21 The transcendent and immanent aspects of Supreme Reality 21 Brahman is both the material and the instrumental cause of the world 21 Perform individual duties as well as public service activities 22 Om is the arrow and Brahman the target 22 Brahman is beyond rituals or asceticism 23 Chapter V. Mandukya Upanishad 24 The waking, dream, and sleep states are appearances imposed on the Atma 24 Transcend the mind and senses: Thuriya 24 AUM is the symbol of the Supreme Atmic Principle 24 Brahman is the cause of all causes, never an effect 25 Non-dualism is the Highest Truth 25 Attain the no-mind state with non-attachment and discrimination 26 Transcend all agitations and attachments 26 Cause-effect nexus is delusory ignorance 26 Transcend pulsating consciousness, which is the cause of creation 27 Chapter VI. -
Brahma Sutra
BRAHMA SUTRA CHAPTER 1 1st Pada 1st Adikaranam to 11th Adhikaranam Sutra 1 to 31 INDEX S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No Summary 5 Introduction of Brahma Sutra 6 1 Jijnasa adhikaranam 1 a) Sutra 1 103 1 1 2 Janmady adhikaranam 2 a) Sutra 2 132 2 2 3 Sastrayonitv adhikaranam 3 a) Sutra 3 133 3 3 4 Samanvay adhikaranam 4 a) Sutra 4 204 4 4 5 Ikshatyadyadhikaranam: (Sutras 5-11) 5 a) Sutra 5 324 5 5 b) Sutra 6 353 5 6 c) Sutra 7 357 5 7 d) Sutra 8 362 5 8 e) Sutra 9 369 5 9 f) Sutra 10 372 5 10 g) Sutra 11 376 5 11 2 S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No 6 Anandamayadhikaranam: (Sutras 12-19) 6 a) Sutra 12 382 6 12 b) Sutra 13 394 6 13 c) Sutra 14 397 6 14 d) Sutra 15 407 6 15 e) Sutra 16 411 6 16 f) Sutra 17 414 6 17 g) Sutra 18 416 6 18 h) Sutra 19 425 6 19 7 Antaradhikaranam: (Sutras 20-21) 7 a) Sutra 20 436 7 20 b) Sutra 21 448 7 21 8 Akasadhikaranam : 8 a) Sutra 22 460 8 22 9 Pranadhikaranam : 9 a) Sutra 23 472 9 23 3 S. No. Topic Pages Topic No Sutra No 10 Jyotischaranadhikaranam : (Sutras 24-27) 10 a) Sutra 24 486 10 24 b) Sutra 25 508 10 25 c) Sutra 26 513 10 26 d) Sutra 27 517 10 27 11 Pratardanadhikaranam: (Sutras 28-31) 11 a) Sutra 28 526 11 28 b) Sutra 29 538 11 29 c) Sutra 30 546 11 30 d) Sutra 31 558 11 31 4 SUMMARY Brahma Sutra Bhasyam Topics - 191 Chapter – 1 Chapter – 2 Chapter – 3 Chapter – 4 Samanvaya – Avirodha – non – Sadhana – spiritual reconciliation through Phala – result contradiction practice proper interpretation Topics - 39 Topics - 47 Topics - 67 Topics 38 Sections Topics Sections Topics Sections Topics Sections Topics 1 11 1 13 1 06 1 14 2 07 2 08 2 08 2 11 3 13 3 17 3 36 3 06 4 08 4 09 4 17 4 07 5 Lecture – 01 Puja: • Gratitude to lord for completion of Upanishad course (last Chandogya Upanishad + Brihadaranyaka Upanishad). -
The History and Philosophical Problems of Sāṃkhya Darsana
AN INVESTIGATION OF SĀṂKHYAKĀRIKĀ: THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF SĀṂKHYA DARSANA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ÖNCÜ IRMAK SANCAR IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY SEPTEMBER 2019 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Yaşar Kondakçı Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Halil Turan Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Korhan Kaya Prof. Dr. Halil Turan Co- Supervisor Supervisor Examining Committee Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Barış Parkan (METU, PHIL) Prof. Dr. Halil Turan (METU, PHIL) Prof. Dr. Korhan Kaya (Ankara Uni., HİN) Assist. Prof. Dr. Refik Güremen (Mimar Sinan Uni., FEL) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aret Karademir (METU, PHIL) I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Öncü Irmak SANCAR Signature : iii ABSTRACT AN INVESTIGATION OF SĀṂKHYAKĀRIKĀ: THE HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHICAL PROBLEMS OF SĀṂKHYA DARSANA Sancar, Öncü Irmak M.A., Department of Philosophy Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Halil Şeref Turan Co-Advisor: Prof. -
Samkhya Philosophy
Samkhya Philosophy Yoga Veda Institute Samkhya Philosophy Introduction to Samkhya Äyurveda is literally translated as ‘Knowledge of Life’. So, even though this knowledge may be scientific, it is also very much a philosophical view of life. There are six major philosophical views, or perspectives in India. Think of it as an object, which can be viewed six dierent ways- you can have a frontal view, back view, birds eye view, a long distant view, an extreme close up, and so on. Similarly, Knowledge and Life can also be seen with dierent perspectives. In India, it’s reered to as the Shad Darshan {the six philosophies of life}. These six perspectives or philosophies, whereby, we view or experience ‘life’ are: • Samkhya {Theory of creation, Duality and Enumeration} Seer Kapila Muni • Nyaya {Logic and Reasoning} Seer Gautama Rishi • Vaisheshika {Unique Aspect} Seer Kanada • Mimasa {Ritual} Seer Jaimani • Yoga {Union – practical application of Sankhya} Seer Patanjali • Vedanta {Study of Veda Sutras} Seer Veda Vyasa In this program we are focusing on Samkhya, and Vedanta. Among these six perspectives and philosophies Äyurveda has been inuenced most by Samkhya. There have been inuences from other philosophies like Mimamsa, Yoga and Vedanta as well. Samkhya Philosophy Definition of Samkhya Samkhya Philosophy translates as “Theory of Numbers or Enumeration” and subtle principle of energies that govern the universe, and all the living entities. It is impossible to understand Äyurveda without understanding Samkhya Philosophy. Mentions of Samkhya are found in various ancient texts, however, we will focus on ‘Bhagavata Purana’ and teachings of Kapila, and Caraka Samhita. Samkhya is one of the six perspectives or philosophies that inuenced Äyurveda. -
Chapter Panchadasi
CHAPTER PANCHADASI TRUPTI DEEPA PRAKARANAM (The lamp of Perfect Satisfaction) Volume 2 INDEX S. No Title Page No 1. Lecture 184 a) Verse 88 1402 b) Verse 89 1402 c) Verse 90 1404 d) Verse 91 1410 e) Verse 92 1411 f) Verse 93 1411 g) Verse 94 1411 h) Verse 95 1412 i) Verse 96 1415 j) Verse 97 1416 2. Lecture 185 a) Revision – Previous lecture 1423 b) Verse 98 1424 c) Verse 99 1425 d) Verse 100 1428 e) Verse 101 1428 f) Verse 102 1429 3. Lecture 187 1395 a) Revision – Previous lecture 1431 b) Verse 103 1435 c) Verse 104 1436 d) Verse 105 1438 4. Lecture 188 a) Revision – Previous lecture 1441 b) Verse 106 1443 c) Verse 107 1446 d) Verse 108 1447 5. Lecture 189 a) Verse 108 – Continues 1450 b) Verse 109 1452 c) Verse 110 1454 d) Verse 111 1456 e) Verse 113 1457 6. Lecture 190 a) Revision – Previous lecture 1460 b) Verse 114 1463 c) Verse 115 1465 d) Verse 116 1465 S. No Title Page No 7. Lecture 191 a) Verse 116 – Continues 1467 b) Verse 117 1469 c) Verse 118 1470 d) Verse 119 1471 e) Verse 120 1472 8. Lecture 192 a) Introduction 1475 b) Verse 121 1475 c) Verse 122 1476 d) Verse 123 1478 e) Verse 124 1479 f) Verse 125 1479 g) Verse 126 1480 9. Lecture 193 a) Introduction 1484 b) Verse 127 1486 c) Verse 128 1487 d) Verse 129 1488 e) Verse 130 1489 f) Verse 131 1491 10. -
Samkhya System
HE RITA G E O F INDIA . ZARIAH The Right Reverend V S A , Bishop of Dornakal . AR UHAR . ITT . J N F " , M A , D L Alr a u lish d e dy p b e . Th f B u h e e a r K . M A. H o dd s m . S AU S . t i I NDER , R As ok . D M . M P M . M . a E V . A A HA L . J C I , , In a di n a n n . r n a Y B c l OW Ca lcu ta . P i ti g P i ip PERC R N , t Ka n r r r RE . E B . ese e a u . R a L e V . A it t P ICE , n s u n r aration S u bjects p roposed a d volu me de p rep . A KRIT A D R R S N S N P ALI LITE AT U E . M O ord H mns r h V d A . A . A LL O . r . y f om t e e a s . P o f CD NE , xf n h r . ro . LA A t olo gy o f M a hayana Lite ra tu e P f . L DE VALLEE ou e Gh e n . P s , t M A h S e le c r h h ST R . D m n a d . W e l . ons o t e U a s s . ti f p i F J E E N , i M M .