SESA Pipeline

Environment Effects Report / Environmental Impact Report

SESA Pipeline Environment Effects Report (Victoria) and Environmental Impact Report (South Australia)

Prepared for:

Origin Energy Retail Ltd Level 13, 1 King William Street Adelaide South Australia 5000

Prepared by:

Ecos Consulting (Aust) Pty Ltd 26 Greenhill Road Wayville South Australia 5034

December 2004

04139-SSA-E-001-Rev0

Published by Origin Energy

This publication is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for private study research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright owner.

Cover photo:

Landscape near Penola, typical of the SESA Pipeline route, showing scattered River Red Gums over exotic pasture. The pipeline has been aligned to avoid clearing mature River Red Gums.

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR Preface

The proposed SESA Pipeline requires a variety of regulatory approvals under Victorian and South Australian legislation. This document is a joint Environment Effects Report / Environmental Impact Report (EER/EIR) prepared in support of applications for Victorian Pipeline Permits and a South Australian Pipeline Licence under the Victorian Pipelines Act 1967 and the South Australian Petroleum Act 2000 respectively.

The EER/EIR will be on public display during normal business hours at the following locations:

Victoria South Australia Minerals and Petroleum Business Centre Minerals and Petroleum Centre Level 16 Ground Floor 1 Spring Street 101 Grenfell Street MELBOURNE ADELAIDE West Wimmera Shire Council Wattle Range Council 49 Elizabeth Street 27 Arthur Street EDENHOPE PENOLA (also available at George Street, MILLICENT)

In accordance with Petroleum Act 2000 requirements, a Statement of Environmental Objectives (SEO) will be exhibited concurrently with the EER/EIR in South Australia. The intent of the SEO is to outline the environmental objectives to which construction and operating activities must conform and the criteria upon which achievement of these objectives will be assessed.

Copies of these documents can be obtained from Origin Energy, by telephoning 08 8217 5376. The documents can also be viewed on the PIRSA Petroleum web site at: (www.pir.sa.gov.au/petrol/consultation).

Public Comments

The EER/EIR (and SEO in South Australia) provide a basis for public commentary on the proposal, the environmental impacts, proposed mitigation measures and environmental objectives. Comments should: be made in writing identify the project and provide your name and address identify any special interest you may have in the project (where relevant) mention the section number and heading used in the EER/EIR (or SEO in South Australia) if you are commenting on specific text within the EER/EIR (or SEO in South Australia).

Comments should be sent to either of the following according to the applicable state to which the comment relates.

Victoria South Australia Senior Tenements Officer Attention: Belinda Close Minerals and Petroleum Regulation Petroleum Group Department of Primary Industries Primary Industries and Resources SA Level 16, 1 Spring Street GPO Box 1671 MELBOURNE Vic 3000 ADELAIDE SA 5001

Comments must be received no later than the date specified in the Public Notice as issued by the respective state government.

i Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Further Information

Further information regarding the SESA Pipeline Project can be obtained by contacting:

Yvette Reade Manager Public Relations Origin Energy GPO Box 1199, Adelaide SA 5001 Phone: (08) 8217 5376

ii Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR Executive Summary

Origin Energy (Origin) proposes to construct an underground gas transmission pipeline, the SESA Pipeline, from the SEA Gas pipeline in western Victoria to the Katnook gas plant and the Ladbroke Grove Power Station in South Australia’s south east.

The proposed pipeline is approximately 45 km long, with approximately 22 km in Victoria and 23 km in South Australia. It would commence at the existing buried off-take valve on the SEA Gas pipeline near Poolaijelo in Victoria and terminate at Ladbroke Grove, near Penola in South Australia. The proposed route predominantly traverses cleared pasture and agricultural areas and cleared firebreaks through forestry plantations.

The SESA Pipeline has been proposed in direct response to a need to augment local gas supplies currently provided by the Ladbroke Grove and Katnook gas fields. Respectively these fields service the Ladbroke Grove Power Station and the retail demand via the South East Pipeline system, the latter providing reticulated gas supplies to Mount Gambier and several regional industries. The fields have finite production and additional gas supplies will progressively be required to ensure continuity of supply to the region.

Construction of the pipeline is scheduled to occur during late summer / early autumn 2005, with pipeline infrastructure (meter stations) to be constructed around August 2005. This schedule has been selected to utilise dry-weather construction conditions for pipeline construction and meet gas supply requirements at Katnook and Ladbroke Grove. It is dependent upon the timing of all required regulatory approvals.

Pipeline construction is typically carried out within a 25 m wide easement or right-of-way, using a production line approach. A number of specialised crews pass along the right-of-way, fabricating and installing the pipeline then backfilling and rehabilitating the right-of-way.

This Environmental Effects Report / Environmental Impact Report (EER/EIR) has been prepared to support applications for Pipeline Permits1 under the Victorian Pipelines Act 1967 and a Pipeline Licence under the South Australian Petroleum Act 2000. It documents the environmental assessment of the Project. The results of this assessment indicate that: Soils along the route range from clays to sands. The erosion potential of these soil types varies from low to high; however, the flat terrain reduces the overall risk of erosion. There is potential for the occurrence of acid sulphate soils between Kilometre Point (KP) 23 and 44 in South Australia. Karst landforms with potential subsurface caverns are present in the region between KP 27 and 44 and caverns may be present on or near the route.

1 Origin Energy has applied for two Pipeline Permits to cover the two sections of the pipeline in Victoria: the SEA Gas pipeline to the Poolaijelo meter station (approximately 600 m in length) and the Poolaijelo meter station to the Victorian/South Australian border (approximately 21.5 km).

iii Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

The region is generally poorly drained. Six small watercourses are present on the Victorian section of the route and swampy depressions and seasonally inundated areas are common throughout. Shallow groundwater is present for much of the South Australian section of the route, although it is not expected to be intercepted by the trench. The route predominantly traverses cleared plantation firebreaks or open grazing land with scattered trees and generally avoids areas of remnant vegetation. It intercepts native vegetation in moderate to poor condition at a limited number of locations (mainly road reserves and a creek crossing) and parallels linear vegetation remnants in several areas. Potential habitat for significant fauna (e.g. trees suitable for use by breeding Red-Tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne or wetlands suitable for use by the Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis) occurs in the general region and is present adjacent to the route in several locations. There are no known sites of indigenous or non-indigenous heritage significance and the route is generally considered to be of low archaeological sensitivity. Land-use along the route is dominated by plantation forestry and agriculture. Small areas used for irrigated dairy and viticulture exist near the proposed route.

The SESA Pipeline route has been selected in a manner that facilitates the conservation of remaining local intrinsic environmental values. Route selection involved progressive refinement and realignment of the route using information from available mapping, field reconnaissance, interpretation of aerial photography, preliminary and detailed ecological assessment, landholder consultation, risk assessment and detailed survey. The route avoids impacting significant features such as karst depressions, wetlands, large trees, key habitat areas, rural residences and areas of intensive land-use.

The assessment of potential impacts associated with the construction and operation of the pipeline has indicated that the impacts will generally be localised and of short term duration. The existing environment will not be subject to substantial or significant change and, following construction, existing agricultural and forestry practices will be able to continue.

A range of issues require management to ensure that potential impacts are kept to acceptable levels. The key issues are: erosion and sedimentation, particularly at watercourse crossings potential occurrence of acid sulphate soils between KP 23 and 44 potential occurrence of subsurface caverns from KP 27 to 44 presence of seasonal wetlands near the alignment vegetation clearance, mainly in crossings of isolated linear remnants (e.g. roads) presence of native vegetation adjacent to the pipeline alignment disturbance of habitat or breeding of important species including the Red-Tailed Black Cockatoo and Growling Grass Frog temporary disturbance to agriculture and forestry.

Specific environmental objectives have been developed for the Project. In order to ensure that these objectives are met, Origin will prepare a detailed Construction Environmental Management Plan that will outline the roles and responsibilities for environmental management, procedures for site specific environmental management, programs for training and induction and systems for monitoring, auditing and reporting. Origin will maintain direct on-ground supervision of the construction contractor, including environmental supervision of key activities such as right-of- way clearing.

The impact mitigation measures outlined in this EER/EIR will be incorporated into the Construction Environmental Management Plan. Key mitigation measures include: timing of construction to avoid wet conditions installation of sediment and erosion control structures detailed acid sulphate soil investigation before construction and, if present, development of management procedures geotechnical surveys to identify areas of potential subsidence or collapse

iv Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

route selection and narrowing of the right-of-way to avoid remnant vegetation and key habitat areas, including seasonal wetlands identification of turnaround and specific work areas for construction of the pipeline identification of parallel features within the work area on detailed alignment sheets, including significant trees for retention limiting impacts to native vegetation adjacent to the alignment (e.g. in road reserves adjacent to firebreaks) to trimming of overhanging trees to allow construction and access avoiding impacts to significant habitats or habitat for important species (such as large trees with hollows or wetlands) timing of construction to avoid the breeding season of important species or implementation of protocols to avoid significant impact entering into formal easement agreements and maintaining ongoing liaison with landowners to minimise disruption to land-use.

Origin has established a program of consultation that will continue during Project development and implementation. A small number of stakeholders will be directly affected and Origin intends to deal with them all individually. Origin is committed to maintaining effective communication and good relations with stakeholders throughout all phases of the Project, from planning to operation.

The construction of the SESA Pipeline is essential to provide continuity of gas supply in the south east region of South Australia and maintain deliverability to the Ladbroke Grove Power Station. Origin firmly believes that the environmental impact of the Project can be appropriately managed and is committed to ensuring that potential environmental impacts are minimised.

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vi Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Contents

Preface i Executive Summary iii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Project Proponent 1 1.2.1 Project Team 1 1.3 Environmental Commitment 2 1.4 About this Document 2 2 Legislative Framework 3 2.1 Victoria 3 2.1.1 Pipelines Act 3 2.1.2 Environment Effects Act 3 2.2 South Australia 4 2.2.1 Petroleum Act 4 2.3 Commonwealth 6 2.3.1 EPBC Act 6 2.3.2 Native Title Act 6 2.4 Subsequent Approvals 7 2.4.1 Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework 7 2.4.2 Native Vegetation Management in South Australia 8 2.5 Easement Acquisition 8 3 Project Details 11 3.1 Project Overview 11 3.2 Pipeline Route 11 3.3 Project Timing 12 3.4 Design and Engineering 12 3.5 Construction 16 3.5.1 Construction Activities 16 3.5.2 Watercourse Crossings 19 3.6 Operation 20 3.7 Decommissioning 21 4 Project Rationale and Alternatives 23 4.1 Rationale 23 4.2 Project Alternatives 23 4.3 Route Alternatives 23 4.3.1 Current Alignment Alternatives 24 4.4 Design and Construction Alternatives 24 5 Impact Assessment 25 5.1 Climate 25 5.2 Soils and Terrain 25 5.2.1 Existing Environment 25 5.2.2 Potential Impacts 26 5.2.3 Impact Mitigation 28 5.3 Water Resources 30 5.3.1 Existing Environment 30

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5.3.2 Potential Impacts 31 5.3.3 Impact Mitigation 34 5.4 Flora and Fauna 35 5.4.1 Existing Environment 36 5.4.2 Potential Impacts 46 5.4.3 Impact Mitigation 48 5.5 Heritage 50 5.5.1 Indigenous Heritage 50 5.5.2 Historical Heritage 53 5.6 Emissions 55 5.6.1 Noise 55 5.6.2 Air Quality 57 5.6.3 Greenhouse Gas 58 5.7 Land Use 58 5.7.1 Existing Environment 58 5.7.2 Potential Impacts 59 5.7.3 Impact Mitigation 60 5.8 Other Issues 61 5.8.1 Socio-econonic 61 5.8.2 Visual Amenity 61 5.8.3 Third-party Infrastructure 62 5.8.4 Public Safety and Risk 65 5.8.5 Waste Management 66 5.8.6 Hazardous Storage, Spill and Emergency Response 67 6 Environmental Management Framework 69 6.1 Environmental Objectives 69 6.2 Environmental Management System 69 6.2.1 Construction Environmental Management Plan 69 6.2.2 Responsibilities 71 6.2.3 Induction and Training 72 6.2.4 Environmental Inspection 72 6.2.5 Monitoring 72 6.2.6 Auditing 72 6.2.7 Records and Reporting 73 6.2.8 Preventative and Corrective Action 73 6.2.9 Operations Environmental Management Plan 73 7 Consultation 75 7.1 Key Stakeholders 75 7.2 Landowners/occupiers 77 7.3 Ongoing Consultation 77 8 Conclusions 79 9 References 81 10 Abbreviations 85 11 Glossary 87

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Appendices

Appendix 1: Origin Energy HS&E Policy

Appendix 2: Environmental Objectives

Appendix 3: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts from Construction and Operation Activities

Appendix 4: Flora and Fauna Information

Appendix 5: Landowners on the SESA Pipeline

Tables

Table 2-1: Major Project Approvals - Victoria ...... 3

Table 2-2: Major Project Approvals – South Australia ...... 4

Table 2-3: Possible Subsequent Approvals...... 7

Table 3-1: Pipeline Engineering and Design Features...... 15

Table 3-2: Pipeline Facilities and Infrastructure ...... 15

Table 3-3: Pipeline Construction...... 17

Table 5-1: Summary of Potential Impacts of Different Watercourse Crossing Techniques ...... 34

Table 5-2: Ecology Australia Vegetation Quality Ratings...... 36

Table 5-3: EVCs and Vegetation Communities on the Pipeline Alignment...... 37

Table 5-4: Plant Species of Conservation Significance Recorded on or near Pipeline Route ...... 38

Table 5-5: EPA Guidelines for Noise from Industry – Country Victoria ...... 56

Table 5-6: Planning Scheme and Development Plan Areas on the Pipeline Route ...... 59

Table 5-7: Road Crossings on the SESA Pipeline Route ...... 63

Table 5-8: Pipeline Protection Safety Measures ...... 66

Table 6-1: Roles and Responsibilities for Pipeline Construction ...... 71

Table 7-1: Stakeholder Consultation ...... 75

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Figures

Figure 1-1: Project Team Structure ...... 2

Figure 3-1: Satellite Image Overview of the SESA Pipeline Route ...... 13

Figure 3-2: Overview Map of Pipeline Route ...... 14

Figure 3-3: Typical Right-of-Way Layout for Cross-Country Pipeline Construction ...... 17

Figure 3-4: Typical Restricted Right-of-Way Layout for Pipeline Construction in Firebreaks .....18

Plates

Plate 5-1: Creek crossed at KP 14.9, facing south-east ...... 30

Plate 5-2: Cleared firebreak along eastern boundary of Dorothy Downs, facing south (KP 1) ....38

Plate 5-3: Alignment along firebreak adjacent to Blue Gum plantation, facing west, showing approx. 15 m wide firebreak with Pink Gum dominated vegetation in adjacent road reserve (KP 12.0)...... 39

Plate 5-4: Rippons Road crossing, facing west, showing narrow roadside remnant of Limestone Woodland (KP 11.3)...... 39

Plate 5-5: Crossing of Penola-Dorodong Road in SA (KP 26.1) facing south, along alignment through degraded Manna Gum / Brown Stringybark woodland ...... 40

Plate 5-6: Alignment along cleared firebreak in SA with adjacent remnant woodland containing Manna Gum, Brown Stringybark and Swamp Gum, facing east (KP 26.0) ...... 41

Plate 5-7: Alignment through pasture with scattered River Red Gums, looking west (KP 34.4) ..41

Plate 5-8: Dorodong Creek crossing, facing west (KP 11.9) showing approximate alignment.....43

x Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 1 Introduction

1.1 Background

Origin Energy (Origin) proposes to construct an underground gas transmission pipeline, the SESA Pipeline, from the SEA Gas pipeline in Victoria to the Katnook gas plant and Ladbroke Grove Power Station in South Australia’s south east. The proposed pipeline would be approximately 45 km long with approximately 22 km in Victoria and 23 km in South Australia. It would commence at the existing buried off-take valve on the SEA Gas pipeline near Poolaijelo in Victoria and terminate at Ladbroke Grove, near Penola in South Australia. 1.2 Project Proponent

Origin Energy is a leading Australian energy provider, with a history dating back 140 years. The company participates in most segments of the energy chain including natural gas exploration and production, power generation, energy retailing and trading and gas pipeline asset management services.

Origin supplies energy to more than two million homes and businesses in Australia. The company has a combined generation capacity of 900 MW, located in South Australia, Queensland and Western Australia, including the 80 MW Ladbroke Grove Power Station.

Origin is also a major investor in the upstream oil and gas business and Origin has significant exploration and production interests, including on-shore and off-shore permits in the Otway Basin. Origin operates two adjacent gas production facilities, the Katnook and Ladbroke Grove gas plants, in the south east of South Australia.

Origin manages and operates more than 18,000 km of natural gas networks valued at around $2 billion, with the responsibility for the safe and reliable supply of 114 PJ per annum of natural gas to over 880,000 homes and businesses. The company has successfully completed a number of major projects involving the design, construction, commissioning, operation and marketing of natural gas to regional centres around Australia including the Murrin Murrin Natural Gas Pipeline, the Berri to Mildura Natural Gas Pipeline and the Wide Bay Natural Gas Pipeline. Origin is an equal partner in SEA Gas, along with TXU and International Power. SEA Gas was established to develop, own and operate the 680 km SEA Gas pipeline from Iona to Adelaide.

1.2.1 Project Team

Origin has assembled an experienced project team to undertake the planning and design of the SESA pipeline. The structure of the project team is outlined in Figure 1-1.

The structure proposed for pipeline construction is discussed further in Sections 3.5 and 6.2.

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Origin Project Director

Project Manager GPA Engineering

Origin Project Origin Environmental Coordinator & Land

Survey Environment / Cultural Engineering & Design Land Services Legal Calder Harris Ecos Consulting (Aust) GPA Engineering Maloney Field Services Johnson Winter & Slattery

Figure 1-1: Project Team Structure

1.3 Environmental Commitment

Origin is committed to responsible environmental management for the construction and operation of the Project and believes that any potential adverse environmental effects can be effectively managed in a manner that complies with the requirements of this document, as well as: all relevant State and Commonwealth laws and regulations Origin Energy’s Health, Safety and Environment Policy (see Appendix 1) relevant industry standards (such as Australian Standard 2885: Pipelines – Gas and Liquid Petroleum, EPA guidelines and ANZECC water quality criteria) the Australian Pipeline Industry Association (APIA) Code of Environmental Practice 1998.

Origin also recognises its community obligation to take all practicable steps to ensure its operations and activities are conducted in an efficient and environmentally sustainable manner. 1.4 About this Document

This document has been prepared to satisfy pipeline permit and licence application requirements under Victorian and South Australian legislation (see Section 2). It is referred to as an Environment Effects Report (EER) in Victoria and an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in South Australia. This document: outlines legislative approvals required for the Project (Section 2) provides a description of the pipeline Project (Section 3) discusses the rationale for the Project and alternatives considered (Section 4) describes the specific features of the environment that are reasonably expected to be affected by pipeline construction and operation, identifies potential environmental impacts and consequences and proposes measures to mitigate potential environmental impacts (Section 5) describes the environmental management framework for the Project (Section 6) summarises stakeholder consultation (Section 7).

A Statement of Environmental Objectives (SEO) has also been developed in conjunction with this EER/EIR. It outlines the environmental objectives that Origin is required to achieve and the criteria upon which the objectives are to be assessed. Although the SEO is required for Pipeline Licence approval in South Australia only, the environmental objectives have been included as an appendix to this EER/EIR to ensure that they are clearly stated and consistent for both the Victorian and South Australian sections of the pipeline.

2 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 2 Legislative Framework

The SESA Pipeline Project will be subject to a range of planning and environmental approvals under Victorian, South Australian and Commonwealth legislation. The major approvals required are: Pipeline Permits and Pipeline Licences in Victoria Pipeline Licence in South Australia.

As part of the decision to grant these approvals, the governments of both states must consider the potential environmental effects of the Project. To facilitate this process Origin must prepare an impact assessment document that: describes the environment of the Project area and highlights any areas of particular sensitivity identifies the potential impacts to the environment that may result from the Project, and outlines the measures proposed to avoid or mitigate all potential effects. 2.1 Victoria

Major approvals required under Victorian legislation are outlined in Table 2-1

Table 2-1: Major Project Approvals - Victoria

Approval Purpose Legislation Agency

Pipeline Permit To own and use a Pipelines Act 1967 Department of Primary Industries (DPI) pipeline. Pipeline Licence To construct and Pipelines Act 1967 Department of Primary Industries operate the pipeline. Environmental For the assessment of Environment Effects Act Department of Sustainability and Approval environmental impacts. 1978 Environment

2.1.1 Pipelines Act

The Pipelines Act 1967 is administered by the Department of Primary Industries. The Act provides for a two-stage approval process: the authorisation of the route (the Pipeline Permit) and authorisation of the construction and operation of the pipeline (the Pipeline Licence).

Under the Act, a permit is required to own and use a pipeline. The permit must be granted in order for a licence to be issued to construct and operate the pipeline. Pipeline Licences are generally issued with a number of conditions that must be satisfied before construction can commence, including approval by DPI of an Environmental Management Plan and a Safety Case.

This EER/EIR has been prepared in support of an application for Pipeline Permits. As discussed in Section 3, Origin has applied for two Pipeline Permits, to cover the two sections of the pipeline: the SEA Gas pipeline to the Poolaijelo meter station (approximately 600 m in length) and the Poolaijelo meter station to the Victorian/South Australian border (approximately 21.5 km).

2.1.2 Environment Effects Act

Before the issuing of a Pipeline Permit, the development of a gas pipeline may require an environmental assessment under the Environment Effects Act 1978. Accordingly, the proponent

3 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR requested a determination as to whether an Environmental Effects Statement (EES) or other suitable assessment process is required, from the Minister of Planning. The level of assessment is based on the ANZECC Criteria for environmental impact assessments, which includes the scale of the project, the sensitivity of the environment, frameworks as to how impacts will be managed and the extent of community interest.

The Minister for Planning, in association with the Department of Sustainability and Environment, has determined that an EES will not be required for the SESA Pipeline, and that an EER is a suitable environmental assessment document to support Pipeline Permit applications under the Pipelines Act.

Review Process

Upon submission of a Pipeline Permit and Licence application (and the EER), the following steps apply: The Minister for Resources and Energy Industries must advertise the applications for a period of 28 days concurrently with any environmental documentation. Once the Minister has decided to issue a permit, the Minister for Planning must prepare a planning scheme amendment, where appropriate, in order to make municipal planning schemes compatible with the proposed use. It must also be noted that the issuing of a pipeline permit under the Pipelines Act 1967 exempts the proponent from having to apply for planning permits or to exhibit amendments under the Planning and Environment Act 1987. The Minister is also required to notify government departments, public authorities, landholders and other parties who may be affected by the Project of the pipeline licence application. 2.2 South Australia

Major approvals for construction and operation of the Project required under South Australian legislation are outlined in Table 2-2.

Table 2-2: Major Project Approvals – South Australia

Approval Purpose Legislation Agency

EIR Review To determine the level of Petroleum Act Department of Primary Industries and environmental significance and to 2000 Resources, South Australia (PIRSA) support the establishment of the SEO. SEO Approval To acknowledge and accept the Petroleum Act PIRSA proposed environmental objectives of 2000 the Project and the means by which these will be measured. Pipeline Licence To construct and operate the Petroleum Act PIRSA pipeline. 2000

2.2.1 Petroleum Act

The Petroleum Act 2000 requires that a Statement of Environmental Objectives (SEO) and an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) be prepared to support the application for a Pipeline Licence. The Department of Primary Industries and Resources South Australia (PIRSA) conducts a ‘significance assessment’ based on the EIR and advises the level of assessment.

As a consequence this Environmental Impact Report (EIR) and a draft SEO have been prepared to meet this regulatory requirement in relation to construction and operation of the SESA Pipeline.

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These documents have been prepared as per the following sections of the Act and the Petroleum Regulations 2000 (the Regulations): Environmental Impact Report (EIR) – in accordance with Section 97 of the South Australian Petroleum Act 2000 (the Act) and Regulation 10 of the Petroleum Regulations 2000 (the Regulations) Statement of Environmental Objectives (SEO) – in accordance with Section 99 and 100 of the Act and Regulations 12 and 13.

This document fulfils the requirements of an EIR as outlined in the Act and Regulations.

Review of the Applications

In accordance with Section 97 of the Petroleum Act 2000, the Environmental Impact Report (EIR) must: take into account cultural, amenity and other values of Aboriginal and other Australians in so far as those values are relevant to the assessment take into account risks inherent in the regulated activities to the health and safety of the public contain sufficient information to make possible an informed assessment of the likely impact of the activities on the environment.

As per Regulation 10 of the Petroleum Regulations 2000 the EIR must include: a description of the activities to be carried out under the licence a description of the specific site features of the environment that can reasonably be expected to be affected by the activities an assessment of the cultural values of Aboriginal and other Australians identification and assessment of foreseeable environmental hazards that could potentially be associated with the activities (including events during the construction, operational and abandonment stage as well as atypical events) an assessment of the potential consequences of environmental hazards on the environment (extent, duration and proposed mitigation measures) an explanation of the basis on which the consequences of hazards have been predicted information on consultation undertaken during the preparation of the EIR.

Once the EIR (and accompanying SEO) is submitted to PIRSA, the agency assesses the document as to whether the activities are to be classified as low, medium or high impact. This in turn determines the level of consultation required prior to final approval of the SEO. Low Impact activities do not require public consultation, and an SEO may be approved after internal government approval. Medium Impact activities require a public consultation process for the EIR and proposed SEO, with comment sought for a period of at least 30 business days. High Impact activities are required to be assessed under the provisions of the Development Act 1993.

The level of impact of a particular activity is assessed on the basis of the predictability and manageability of the impacts on the environment. Where the environmental impacts are predictable and readily managed, the impact of the activity is considered low. Where the environmental impacts are less predictable and are difficult to manage, the impact of the activity is potentially high.

It is a mandatory condition of every licence that the licensee must comply with an approved SEO relevant to activities carried out under the licence. The SEO has been prepared as a separate document to this EER/EIR.

Once the approval process is complete all documentation, including EIR and SEO, must be entered on an environmental register. This public register resides on the PIRSA internet site so that community access is readily available, which will facilitate openness, transparency and accountability in the decision making process (McDonough 2000).

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2.3 Commonwealth

2.3.1 EPBC Act

The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) has been developed to provide for the protection of environmental matters that are recognised as being of ‘national environmental significance’. Consequently, proponents must identify aspects of a development that may trigger a Commonwealth environmental assessment under the EPBC Act. The following issues of ‘national environmental significance’ may potentially trigger a Commonwealth assessment: World Heritage properties National Heritage places Ramsar wetlands of international significance listed threatened species and ecological communities listed migratory species Commonwealth marine area nuclear actions (including uranium mining).

A number of these triggers are not relevant to this Project, as it: will not impact any World Heritage areas will not impact National Heritage places will not impact Ramsar wetlands does not involve Commonwealth marine waters is not a nuclear action.

Origin will undertake an assessment of the Project to determine if a referral is required under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, following finalisation of the alignment and completion of ecological assessments. Based on current knowledge, Origin does not consider that the Project will adversely affect ‘matters of national significance’ but anticipates lodging a referral to confirm this assessment.

2.3.2 Native Title Act

The proposed SESA Pipeline route in Victoria is within the area covered by the Gournditch – Mara registered Native Title claim. There are no registered Native Title claims within the South Australian section of the Project.

Under the Commonwealth Native Title Act 1993, indigenous land rights apply to registered Crown Land titles intersected by the pipeline. Under the Act, indigenous land rights are extinguished where the land is held under freehold title, registered as road reserves or under forestry (that is, secondary land use).

The great majority of land on the pipeline route is freehold land where indigenous land rights have been extinguished. Investigations are underway to determine whether indigenous land rights apply to any land on the proposed alignment. Current indications are that they do not apply to any land intersected by the pipeline in Victoria and may not apply to any land in South Australia, pending more detailed investigations of three land titles.

If indigenous land rights do apply to any land titles intersected by the pipeline, the Native Title process will be undertaken in accordance with all legislative requirements under the Act, in full consultation with relevant claimants, heritage groups and regulatory agencies.

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2.4 Subsequent Approvals

A range of subsequent approvals may be required for pipeline construction. These provide a further forum and regulatory setting for the protection of environmental values. Possible subsequent approvals are outlined in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3: Possible Subsequent Approvals

Legislation Activity Agency

Victoria Water Act 1989 Approval to construct works, interfere with Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management or obstruct the flow of a declared Authority watercourse Flora and Fauna Guarantee Permit to disturb Protected, Rare or Department of Sustainability and Act 1988 Threatened species Environment (DSE) Wildlife Act 1975 Permit to destroy or dispose of ‘protected, Department of Sustainability and notable or endangered wildlife’ Environment (DSE) Archaeological and Consent to undertake archaeological surveys Aboriginal Affairs Victoria (AAV) Aboriginal Relics Consent to destroy Aboriginal relic Preservation Act 1972 Heritage Act 1995 Consent to destroy archaeological relic Heritage Victoria Country Fire Authority Act Permit to construct during Total Fire Ban Country Fire Authority 1958 Environment Protection Consultation to dispose of hydrotest water Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Act 1970 South Australia Water Resources Act 1997 Approval to undertake a water affecting Dept. of Water Land & Biodiversity activity in a prescribed or identified Conservation (DWLBC) watercourse Approval to source water from natural waterbody Native Vegetation Act 1991 Permission to disturb or remove native Native Vegetation Group, Dept. of Water vegetation Land & Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) Aboriginal Heritage Act Permission to disturb/destroy Aboriginal Department of Aboriginal Affairs & 1988 relic Reconciliation Heritage Act 1993 Permission to disturb/destroy archaeological Department for Environment & Heritage relic (DEH) Country Fires Act 1989 Permit to construct during Total Fire Ban Country Fire Service Environment Protection General duty to prevent environmental harm Environment Protection Authority Act 1993 Disposal of trench water to marine or inland waters Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Permission to disturb/destroy archaeological Department of the Environment & Strait Islander Heritage areas or objects Heritage Protection Act 1984

2.4.1 Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework

Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework (DNRE 2002) outlines a framework and goals for native vegetation management. The primary goal is “a reversal, across the entire landscape, of the long-term decline in the extent and quality of native vegetation, leading to a Net Gain”. The Framework outlines a three step approach to applying Net Gain: to avoid adverse impacts, particularly through vegetation clearance

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if impacts cannot be avoided, to minimise impacts through appropriate consideration in planning processes and expert input to project design or management identify appropriate offset options.

The Framework requires that offset work (e.g. revegetation or vegetation management and protection) be undertaken as a response to native vegetation clearance. Offsets must satisfy a range of conditions, including a requirement of “like-for-like” and a greater amount of offset work for vegetation of higher conservation significance. The measurement unit for accounting for Net Gain is the “habitat-hectare”, which accounts for the quality, significance and area of vegetation cleared.

Origin will follow the principles of the Native Vegetation Management Framework, largely through avoidance and minimisation of impacts, but also through implementing offsets consistent with Net Gain principles if native vegetation clearance is required.

2.4.2 Native Vegetation Management in South Australia

Recent changes to the Native Vegetation Act 1991 (and particularly the Native Vegetation Regulations 2003) have broadened the jurisdiction of the Native Vegetation Act to include vegetation clearance for petroleum pipeline construction. Pipeline construction projects are permitted to clear native vegetation, provided that either: the SEO demonstrates that the project will achieve a ‘significant environmental benefit’ by undertaking works to establish, regenerate, preserve or maintain native vegetation the project makes a payment into the Native Vegetation Fund of an amount considered by the Native Vegetation Council to be sufficient to achieve a ‘significant environmental benefit’.

The requirement for a ‘significant environmental benefit’ is similar to the Victorian requirement for a Net Gain.

The assessment process for vegetation clearance proposals under this provision has not been finalised. However it may involve delegation of Native Vegetation Council powers to PIRSA under a set of guidelines including: a requirement to consult with the Native Vegetation Group, Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (NVG) regarding proposed vegetation clearance specifications for determining appropriate offsets based on NVG criteria, for example: replacement ratios of 3:1 for vegetation in poor condition, 5:1 for vegetation in moderate condition and 10:1 for vegetation in good condition replacement ratios for tree clearances consistent with the scattered tree clearance assessment guidelines (Cutten and Hodder 2002) which typically require small to medium trees be replaced at ratios of 10:1 – 15:1 and large trees be replaced at much higher ratios.

If clearance of native vegetation is required in South Australia, Origin will comply with the requirements of the Native Vegetation Act, largely through avoidance and/or minimisation of impacts, but also through implementing offsets consistent with the NVG criteria. 2.5 Easement Acquisition

Origin requires easements over the land traversed by the pipeline to ensure that the company’s assets are adequately protected. Under the arrangement the property owner retains title to the land. The easement provides rights of access for monitoring and maintenance and prevents certain land uses (such as construction of permanent buildings) from occurring over the pipeline. The acquisition of a pipeline easement (typically 25m wide on each property) will commence once the alignment has been confirmed.

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Origin will negotiate pipeline easements and freehold titles or leases for the metering and gas delivery stations. The land along the route is generally freehold.

Origin has engaged specialist property consultants, Maloney Field Services, to negotiate pipeline easements and compensation payments with all landowners on the ultimate pipeline route. Origin is adopting the Australian Pipeline Industry Association/Victorian Farmers Federation Pipeline Easement Guidelines for the SESA Pipeline Project. The guidelines contain recommended land access practices and standards for pipeline development.

Origin recognises the rights of individual property owners and aims to establish a partnership for the future. In this regard, Origin is confident of being able to agree terms and conditions for the easement with most property owners. In the cases where the negotiation process fails to result in an agreeable resolution to both parties, legislation provides a process to compulsorily acquire the easement rights. The procedure for acquisition and determining compensation is established under Section 20 of the South Australian Land Acquisition Act 1969 and Section 80 of the Victorian Land Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986.

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10 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 3 Project Details

3.1 Project Overview

The SESA Pipeline Project involves construction of an underground gas transmission pipeline to provide a gas supply exceeding 40 TJ/day to the existing Ladbroke Grove Power Station and the South East Gas Pipeline system in South Australia.

The pipeline will commence at the SEA Gas Pipeline off-take point near Poolaijelo in Victoria and terminate at Ladbroke Grove, near Penola in South Australia. The pipeline will be approximately 45 km in length with approximately 22 kilometres in Victoria and 23 kilometres in South Australia. The pipeline route is shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2.

Origin Energy has applied for two Pipeline Permits, to cover the two sections of the pipeline in Victoria: the SEA Gas pipeline to the Poolaijelo meter station (approximately 600 m in length) and the Poolaijelo meter station to the Victorian/South Australian border (approximately 21.5 km). The start of each of these sections are shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2 by a Kilometre Point (KP) mark labelled “0 km”.

The route in Victoria traverses open paddocks, tracks, road reserves, power line easements and firebreaks through pine and Blue Gum plantations. The route in South Australia traverses firebreaks adjacent to pine plantations and open cropping and grazing land. Although much of the area between Kilometre Points 1 and 19 in Victoria is shown as cleared paddocks in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2, it has actually been planted with Tasmanian Blue Gums subsequent to the capture of satellite and aerial imagery and the release of mapping data.

Although the route shown will be refined following ongoing landholder consultation, no adverse change to potential environmental impacts is expected. 3.2 Pipeline Route

Victoria

The proposed pipeline route begins at the SEA Gas off-take point at Poolaijelo, adjacent to the Casterton-Naracoorte Road and Hennigs Road. The pipeline crosses to the southern side of Hennigs Road and travels approximately 600 metres west to the meter station site. It then travels southwards to the Dorothy Downs boundary, continues southwards through a firebreak adjacent to blue gum plantations on the Dorothy Downs eastern boundary and then travels westwards along another firebreak to Rippons Road. The easement along the eastern boundary of Dorothy Downs is within a cleared road reserve which has been previously formed as a road and table drain but has not been maintained.

The route continues south down the east side of Rippons Road to Newmans Road, where it then turns west into a power easement just north of the corner of these two roads. From here the route follows firebreaks and power easements between forestry plantations in a westerly, then south-westerly direction until crossing Penola-Dorodong Road three kilometres from the South Australian-Victorian Border. The route then follows the power easement into a farming property before following Penola-Dorodong Road along a firebreak on the south side of the road to the South Australian border.

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South Australia

At the border, the pipeline continues on the southern side of the road in a firebreak for approximately two kilometres before crossing to a firebreak on the north side of Penola- Dorodong Road. It continues to head west until approximately the end of the forestry land on the southern side of the road where it again crosses Penola-Dorodong Road at the back of a property and continues in a south-westerly direction across grazing farmland. The pipeline continues south-westerly across Shepherds Lane, Penola-Casterton Road and the Riddoch Highway.

After traversing more grazing farmland on the western side of the Riddoch Highway, the pipeline crosses the Wolseley – Mount Gambier railway line. The pipeline then crosses Miller Road to follow Argyle Road south to Katnook and Ladbroke Grove, crossing to the west of Argyle Road just north of the Katnook gas plant. 3.3 Project Timing

The Project has been scheduled to utilise dry conditions for construction and meet gas supply requirements for the Katnook gas plant and Ladbroke Grove Power Station.

Construction of the pipeline is scheduled to occur during late summer / early autumn 2005 to minimise environmental impact, with pipeline infrastructure (meter stations) to be constructed around August 2005. The schedule is dependent upon the timing of all required regulatory approvals.

Construction is expected to take approximately eight weeks. 3.4 Design and Engineering

The Project will involve the construction and operation of the following infrastructure: a 219 mm diameter steel, high pressure, buried natural gas pipeline approximately 45 km long a remote actuated metering station consisting of a station limit valve, metering and gas analysis and a pressure regulation station consisting of pressure regulation and scraper launch station located approximately 600 m west of the SEA Gas off-take south of Poolaijelo a gas delivery station consisting of a station limit valve, scraper receiver, gas filters, gas heaters and pressure regulation at Ladbroke Grove.

The pipeline will be designed in accordance with the requirements of AS 2885 Pipelines – Gas and Liquid Petroleum. Key engineering and design features of the pipeline are provided in Table 3-1.

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Figure 3-1: Satellite Image Overview of the SESA Pipeline Route

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Figure 3-2: Overview Map of Pipeline Route

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Table 3-1: Pipeline Engineering and Design Features

Design Element SEAGas Pipeline to Poolaijelo SESA Pipeline Lateral Connection (Poolaijelo Connection to Katnook & Ladbroke Grove)

Length 600 m 44.5 km Diameter DN 200 Wall Thickness 6.77 mm 4.00 mm Pipe quality API 5L X60 ERW Factory Coating 1 mm HDPE Pipeline Content Dry Natural Gas Operational Pressure 6,894 to 15,000 kPag 6,700 to 10,000 kPag Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure 15,306 kPag 10,210 kPag (current) Hydrotest Pressure (minimum – 100% of SMYS) 25,510 kPag 15,085 kPag (maximum – 110% of SMYS) 28,060 kPag 15,590 kPag Design Capacity 40 TJ / day Standard Construction Easement Width 25 m Minimum depth of cover In accordance with AS 2885.1, typically: Cross Country Sections – 750 mm Beneath Roads – 1200 mm Fire Break – 1200 mm

Corrosion Protection External coating and impressed current cathodic protection Non Destructive Testing 100% radiography of welded joints Buried Marker Tape Installed at crossings. Minimum 300mm above pipe SCADA Pipeline monitoring and line break protection system

A brief description of the pipeline facilities and associated infrastructure is provided in Table 3-2. The facilities will be designed in accordance with all relevant legislation and standards.

Table 3-2: Pipeline Facilities and Infrastructure

Facility Description

Metering Station The remotely monitored metering station is located near where gas leaves the SEA Gas pipeline. The metering station consists of a station limit valve, metering and gas analysis and a pressure reducing station consisting of pressure regulation and scraper launch station. It will be located near the SEA Gas off-take south of Poolaijelo. Gas Delivery Station The gas delivery station is located where gas leaves the transmission line. The gas delivery station consists of a station limit valve, scraper receiver, gas filters, gas heaters and pressure regulation and will be located adjacent to the Katnook and Ladbroke Grove plants. Cathodic protection and A cathodic protection system is incorporated into the pipeline design to protect the stray current earthing pipeline from corrosion. This involves the use of buried anode beds, which are connected system to the pipeline via cabling. In addition, cathodic protection test posts are located approximately every 2km. The test posts are required to allow for monitoring of the effectiveness of the corrosion protection system. SCADA system A SCADA system for remote monitoring and control of the lateral comprising remote telemetry units (RTUs) at the metering stations connected to a master control room and utilising the existing telecom network. Pipeline markers Pipeline marker signs are located at intervals along the pipeline easement in accordance with AS 2885, so that a person can clearly see a marker sign in either direction. The maker signs are placed closer at bends, on either side of road and watercourse crossings and at fence lines.

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3.5 Construction

The SESA Pipeline Project will be constructed in accordance with the requirements of AS 2885 and the Australian Pipeline Industry Association Code of Environmental Practice.

It is expected that a workforce of approximately 50 will install the pipeline, with up to 30 additional personnel involved in contractor and project management and facilities installation. Local contractors will be utilised where practical (e.g. supply of plant and equipment, Non Destructive Testing services, concreting, fencing).

The construction workforce will be accommodated at local motels, caravan parks or private residences (local personnel) if possible; however, it may be necessary to establish a construction camp if sufficient accommodation is not available. The camp would be selected in consultation with relevant landholders and council, and would avoid areas of ecological sensitivity. Personnel will be transported to and from site by company vehicles.

Construction Depot

A construction depot will be established for the duration of construction and is expected to be located on an existing industrial area. The construction depot will be primarily used for equipment storage, vehicle lay-down, site office and administration centre, training depot, and a rendezvous point for the crew each morning prior to commencing works on the easement. Equipment stored at the construction depot may include: construction vehicles diesel fuel and lubricants (minor storage) vehicle maintenance equipment sand bags, sediment fencing, star droppers and wooden stakes pipe wrapping materials pipe.

Pipe and other construction equipment will be delivered to the construction depot and laydown areas by long-haul trucks prior to Project commencement.

No native vegetation will be cleared during the establishment of the construction depot, and the site will be restored to pre-existing condition or better at the completion of construction works. Waste recycling and disposal, spill response and depot maintenance will be carried out in accordance with procedures outlined in Section 5.8.

Access

Equipment and personnel will require regular access to right-of-way and work sites during construction. Access will generally be via existing roads and tracks as well as the construction right-of-way. The Project area has a network of existing public roads and farm or forestry tracks and as such, it is expected that few new access tracks will need to be created. Existing access roads and tracks will be used wherever practicable and all Project related movements will be restricted to approved access tracks and the right-of-way.

Access planning will include consultation with all relevant landholders and regulatory authorities. New access tracks will avoid environmentally sensitive areas and will be scheduled to minimise disturbance to landholders. All access tracks will be rehabilitated in accordance with landowner requirements.

3.5.1 Construction Activities

Construction activities will follow standard industry practice and are described in the following sections. Key design elements are listed in Table 3-3.

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Table 3-3: Pipeline Construction

Design Element Details

Construction right-of-way width 25m (reduced in some areas) Construction workforce (approximately) 50 Standard construction hours 07 00 – 19 00hrs, 7 days/week Construction duration (approximately) 8 weeks Refuelling Fuel truck (refilled at Penola) Spill containment equipment will be available on vehicle Length of open trench Typically 1-10 km Expected time between clear and grade and Typically up to 21 days restoration (approximately)

Detailed Survey

Engineering, environmental and cultural heritage surveys are used both in route selection and to determine if any special construction techniques or mitigation measures are required. Once the preferred pipeline route has been determined, then the centreline is surveyed and engineering aspects are finalised. Markers (pegs) are placed to identify pipeline route and right-of-way.

Fencing

Fences are severed and replaced with temporary construction gates.

Clear and Grade

Graders and bulldozers are used to clear the right-of-way of vegetation and topsoil ready for construction to commence. Vegetation and topsoil is stockpiled separately on the right-of-way. Topsoil will typically be graded to a depth of 100 to 150 mm for a blade-width over either the trench line, the entire non-working side or the full right-of-way, depending on factors such as the soil type, terrain, construction requirements and weather conditions.

The pipeline construction easement (or right-of-way) will typically be 25m wide, as outlined in Figure 3-3. The 25 m width allows the pipeline to be constructed safely and the topsoil to be conserved for successful restoration.

Figure 3-3: Typical Right-of-Way Layout for Cross-Country Pipeline Construction

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The construction easement will be reduced in width for limited distances through sensitive areas (e.g. where native vegetation is present adjacent to plantation firebreaks), as indicated in Figure 3-4. These areas will be indicated in the Alignment Sheets. Generally this reduced easement will only be viable if a road or track parallels the easement as indicated (as is the case along the proposed route).

Where extra working space for construction is required adjacent to narrow tracks or firebreaks Origin intends that it will be obtained by removal of fences and use of existing cleared areas or clearing plantation timber rather than clearing remnant native vegetation. Trimming of overhanging native vegetation and branches may however be required to allow safe construction or access. Areas outside the construction easement used for extra workspace or laydown areas will be subject to appropriate inspections (e.g. heritage and ecology) and landowner and regulatory sign-off.

Figure 3-4: Typical Restricted Right-of-Way Layout for Pipeline Construction in Firebreaks

Trenching

After the route is cleared, a trench is dug for the pipeline either by a trenching machine or excavator in accordance with pre-defined depths of burial. The required depths are determined by the AS2885.1 risk assessment process and recorded on construction alignment sheets. Trench distances covered each day can vary from 200 – 2100 m or more dependent on terrain type, equipment and weather conditions.

Trench spoil is stockpiled on the right-of-way, usually on the non-working side. Trench spoil is stockpiled separately to topsoil.

Stringing

Steel pipe is trucked to the construction site and sections, each approximately 18 metres long, are laid end-to-end next to the trench. The sections are placed on sandbags and raised on blocks of wood (timber skids) to protect the pipe from corrosion and coating damage.

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Bending

Where required, pipe sections are bent to match changes either in elevation or direction of the route.

Welding, Radiography and Joint Coating

Pipe sections are welded together in lengths up to one kilometre. Each weld is inspected using x-ray or ultrasonic equipment as per AS 2885.2-1995. The area around the weld is grit blasted and then coated with a protective coating to prevent corrosion

Lowering-in and Backfill

Sidebooms (bulldozers with cranes) or excavators are used to lower the welded pipe into the trench and interconnecting sections of pipe welded. Where required, padding machines are used to sift the excavated subsoil to remove coarse materials to protect the pipe coating. The remaining fine material is used to pad beneath and on top of the buried pipe. In some instances (e.g. very rocky soils) imported sand or foam pillows are used for padding. Imported padding for this Project would be sourced from local borrow pits with the owners’ approval and the padding source inspected to ensure it is free of weed infestations. Trench spoil is returned to the trench and material compacted to minimise the likelihood of subsidence of material over the pipe.

Pressure Testing

Pipeline integrity is verified using hydrostatic testing in accordance with AS 2885.5. During hydrostatic testing the pipeline is capped with test manifolds, filled with water and pressurised up to 100% of specified minimum yield stress (SMYS) for a minimum of two hours. A 24-hour leak test then follows. Fresh water is preferred for hydrotesting, but hydrotest water may be treated prior to testing with chemicals such as biocide, oxygen scavengers and corrosion inhibitors (depending on factors such as the water quality of test water and the length of pipe tested). If hydrotest water meets water quality guidelines and has landholder approval, it is discharged to the surrounding environment. Alternatively, it may be contained and treated on site or removed off site.

Restoration and Rehabilitation

Pipeline construction generates very little waste, and usually includes pipe offcuts, rope spacers and timber skids, which are generally recycled. All waste materials will be removed from the work area and disposed of appropriately.

As soon as practical after pipe laying and backfill, the easement is re-contoured to match surrounding landform and erosion controls constructed where necessary. Separately stockpiled topsoil is then respread evenly across the easement and any cleared vegetation placed across the easement, to assist in soil retention and provision of seed stock.

Reseeding or revegetation of the easement, using appropriate species (i.e. crops/pasture or indigenous native species) is undertaken to restore vegetation cover.

Signage

Information signs are erected in line of sight along the easement as per AS 2885.1-1997.

3.5.2 Watercourse Crossings

Watercourse crossings are expected to be constructed using standard open cut (trenching) construction. This technique is most suited to the dry or low flow conditions which are expected during the construction window. If water is present, flow diversion techniques will be employed where necessary.

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The standard open cut method involves establishing a stable working platform either side of the watercourse and creating a trench using excavators. The trench will not be completed through the banks until immediately prior to pipe installation. Tie-in points are located on high ground well away from the banks.

Watercourse bed and bank material and trench spoil will be stockpiled separately, away from banks to reduced the likelihood of sedimentation from surface run-off. Pipe string welding and concrete coating will occur prior to placement in the trench. The pipe will be concrete-coated at watercourse crossings and areas of significant inundation (as identified by risk assessment in compliance with AS2885.1) to protect the external coating and to prevent the pipe “floating” once in place.

Flow diversion is a modification to the standard open cut method employed where higher water volumes and flows are present (typically up to 1000 litres per second). Flow diversion techniques may include: Diverting the flow through a pipe to prevent siltation problems that may be created during trenching, lowering in and backfilling. This technique is not suitable for watercourses with broad channels, low gradients or permeable substrates. Pumping of water around the work area. This is appropriate for low gradient streams, with discharges less than 1000 litres per second during construction. Barrier dykes or head walls are constructed above and below the trenched area and the work area pumped dry.

To minimise the period of construction and subsequent environmental disturbance, Origin aims to complete watercourse crossings within the shortest period practicable. Catchment Management Authorities and other state agencies responsible for water resources will be consulted prior to construction and during restoration. Appropriate approvals will be in place prior to construction.

Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD)

Horizontal directional drilling is generally used to cross major watercourses where standard open cut methods are not feasible. The feasibility of using HDD is strongly limited by site conditions such as soil stability, slope, access, available workspace and the nature of subsurface rock. It is not expected that HDD will be used to cross any of the watercourses on the SESA Pipeline route.

The installation of the pipeline by HDD involves drilling a hole at a shallow angle beneath the surface through which the pipe is threaded. Drilling is conducted by a specially designed drill rig, operated by a specialist contractor. A variety of associated equipment and infrastructure is required.

Although horizontal directional drilling may reduce above ground impacts, the technique introduces additional environmental considerations such as drill site sediment control, waste management, noise and increased duration of construction and workforce numbers. To address these issues, site specific management procedures are prepared prior to drilling.

Boring

The technique of boring is commonly used to install pipelines beneath infrastructure such as roads, railways, buried utilities and in some circumstances for watercourse crossings. It is a low impact technique involving drilling short distances from below ground within an enlarged trench area, or bellhole, located inside the construction easement. 3.6 Operation

Following reinstatement and revegetation of the construction right-of-way, very little above- ground infrastructure will be visible. Above ground infrastructure will be limited to marker posts to identify the location of the pipeline and the metering/gas delivery stations, located near the SEA Gas off-take point south of Poolaijelo and adjacent to Katnook / Ladbroke Grove.

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The operation of the SESA Pipeline will be in accordance with approval documentation, the Operations Safety Case and Environmental Management Plan, AS 2885 and the APIA Code of Environmental Practice.

A routine operation and maintenance program will be implemented, which will include leak detection surveys, ground and aerial patrols, repair or replacement of faulty pipe or other equipment, pigging and cleaning of the pipeline, corrosion monitoring and remediation and easement and lease area maintenance. Aerial and/or ground inspections will include checking vegetation for discolouration which can be an indicator of a gas leak, detection of erosion, monitoring of rehabilitation success and detection of weed species. The gas in the pipeline is odorised and even small leaks are readily detected.

Access to the easement will be necessary to follow-up issues identified from inspections. Low level maintenance for erosion, subsidence and weeds is likely to be necessary, particularly during the first 12 months following construction.

More significant maintenance activities, such as dig-ups to address coating defects, are less likely to be required. However, all maintenance activities that may be required will be conducted in accordance with the SEO and Operations Environmental Management Plan. Dig-ups involve the excavation of material from around the pipeline (typically referred to as a bellhole), to allow sufficient room for operations technicians to safely undertake any remedial works that may be required. The excavation of material will be undertaken in accordance with management conditions outlined in Section 3.5 for construction (that is, topsoil will be stockpiled separately from trench spoil, and the site will be restored as soon as practical following completion of maintenance works).

Prior to commencing extensive work, or where numerous sites are involved, operations personnel will consult with regulatory authorities as appropriate.

Regular consultation will be maintained with landowners whose properties are traversed by the pipeline and a “one call” system for excavation and locations initiated. Operational pipelines generally have very little environmental or landholder impact. 3.7 Decommissioning

The design life of the SESA Pipeline is 50 years. When the utility is no longer required, the pipeline will be decommissioned in accordance with the regulatory requirements and accepted current environmental best practices of the day. Currently decommissioning procedures require the removal of all above ground infrastructure and the restoration of associated disturbed areas.

At the time of decommissioning a decision will be made regarding the opportunities for future use of the pipeline. If no longer required, the pipeline will be purged of gas and below ground facilities allowed to gradually degrade in-situ. However, if it is considered that the pipeline may offer some future benefits, it will be filled with an inert material and the cathodic protection system maintained to prevent corrosion. All above ground facilities will be removed in any event.

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22 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 4 Project Rationale and Alternatives

4.1 Rationale

The SESA Pipeline Project has been proposed in direct response to a need to augment local gas supplies currently provided by the Katnook and Ladbroke Grove gas fields. The Katnook and Ladbroke Grove fields have finite production and additional gas supplies will progressively be required to ensure continuity of supply to the region. 4.2 Project Alternatives

There are limited alternatives to the Project. The gas reserves in the local Katnook and Ladbroke Grove gas fields will be unable to support existing demand beyond the relatively near term. As a result, all natural gas consumers (including the Ladbroke Grove gas turbine power station and the South East Pipeline gas supply network) would ultimately need to meet their energy requirements from alternative sources.

Local exploration activity since 2000 has indicated a dearth of new reserves suitable for commercial production and depletion drive reservoirs that are unlikely to produce sufficient well head deliverability without the assistance of expensive (uneconomic) compression units. This challenges the field’s economic viability against other larger cheaper gas sources that can be readily transported via the growing interstate transmission system to deliver cost competitive gas.

Connection to the SEA Gas Pipeline provides the only currently viable opportunity to secure a long term alternative supply of natural gas to the region. 4.3 Route Alternatives

Origin has selected the most direct route practicable, taking into account technical and environmental factors, including: connection to the existing SEA Gas off-take utilisation of existing corridors and easements as far as practicable minimising clearing of any remnant native vegetation utilisation of previously disturbed areas in preference to vegetated areas minimising impacts to landholders and the local community maximising engineering efficiency of both pipeline construction and operation.

During the route selection process, a more direct corridor to the west of the proposed route in Victoria was considered. This direct option was not considered feasible for a number of reasons: large-scale blue gum plantations have been established in the area, and a direct pipeline route would involve large scale clearance of blue gum plantation and extensive disruption to current and future forestry operations following firebreaks through these plantations would result in a less direct route of similar length to the proposed route

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many of the firebreaks through this area are very narrow (10m or less) and not suited to pipeline construction the areas of remnant vegetation on the direct corridor are more numerous and more extensive than on the proposed route.

An alternative alignment through Dorothy Downs (KP 0 to 7.4) was investigated in detail. This route followed a fire break and access road through the centre of Dorothy Downs and west to Rippons Road, then followed a firebreak parallel to Rippons Road. This option was considered feasible, but was not selected as it may have resulted in greater disturbance to forestry operations on Dorothy Downs and the easement width would be more constrained by the presence of adjacent native vegetation and a large ephemeral wetland north of where the preferred route joins Rippons Road at KP 7.4.

The route in South Australia follows a direct route from the western edge of the pine plantations to Katnook and Ladbroke Grove, with minor deviations to avoid impacting features such as houses, areas of intensive land use (e.g. irrigation dairy farming or vineyards), trees and seasonally inundated areas. The route is constrained to the north by current and proposed vineyards and the township of Penola. Routes further to the south were also examined, but they were much less direct, intersected more areas of intensive land use and offered no environmental benefit. Routes approaching Katnook and Ladbroke Grove from the north-west were also examined to provide affected landowners with an alternative route through their properties, but were also less direct with no significant landowner or environmental benefit.

4.3.1 Current Alignment Alternatives

In South Australia, alternatives to the proposed alignment between KP 36.7 and 41.6 were currently under consideration at the time of writing this document. The final alignment through this areas is subject to continuing discussion and negotiation with landowners. These options are shown in Figure 3-2.

Option A traverses directly across cleared farming paddocks with scattered trees. The alternative, Option B, traverses council land and an undeveloped, cleared road reserve across this particular property to address potential landowner concerns. An alternative at the southern end of Option B is also shown. This alternative crosses the Wolseley – Mount Gambier railway approximately 800 m north of the Option B crossing and would avoid impacting numerous small trees that have been planted in the road reserve in this area.

Minor changes to the alignment in other areas were made following the ecology survey in order to avoid trees or minimise impacts to remnant vegetation. The alignment will be continually refined as negotiations with landowners progress and are integrated into alignment selection and layout. However, the general route is not expected to change significantly and no adverse changes to landowner or environmental impacts are expected. Any changes to the alignment will be subject to a review process involving further survey (e.g. heritage and ecology) and landowner and regulatory sign-off. 4.4 Design and Construction Alternatives

The basic design concepts for a high pressure natural gas pipeline are reasonably fixed, and few alternatives exist that would lead to a different level of environmental impact.

At the construction phase however, numerous alternatives exist that may affect the environmental outcome. For example, whether a watercourse is crossed by conventional open cut methods or is directionally drilled will determine the extent of environmental impact at the local level. Depending on the local conditions either may be preferred on environmental grounds. Management and mitigation measures for potential impacts of the Project are presented in Chapter 5. Where obvious alternatives exist, these are discussed.

24 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 5 Impact Assessment

This section provides a overview of the existing environment along the proposed pipeline alignment, the potential impacts to the environment as a result of pipeline construction and operation and the proposed impact mitigation strategies. The potential impacts of construction and operation activities are also presented in summary form in Appendix 3.

Implementation of the proposed impact mitigation strategies will be consistent with the APIA Code of Environmental Practice (APIA 1998) and will be detailed in the Construction Environmental Management Plan (as outlined in Section 6.2). 5.1 Climate

The climate in the Project area is typified by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters. In Penola the annual rainfall is 710 mm. May to October is the wettest period with January to March the driest (Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) 2004).

The prevailing winds in the summer are mainly from the north and winter winds predominately from the south and east. Spring afternoon winds are mainly from the east to northeast (BOM 2004).

In Penola the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures are 13.6 ºC and 4.5 ºC in July and 26.3 ºC and 11.7 ºC in January, with extreme recorded temperatures of -3.2 ºC and 44.1 ºC. The hottest months are between December and March and the coolest between May and September (BOM 2004).

Climate is an important consideration when scheduling pipeline construction. Extreme climatic conditions including rainfall and wind speed need to be taken into account and construction scheduled and managed accordingly. In particular, very heavy or prolonged rainfall and wet conditions are directly associated with most potential environmental impacts on the right of way including soil erosion and flooding. These impacts and potential mitigation measures are dealt with in Sections 5.2 and 5.3. 5.2 Soils and Terrain

5.2.1 Existing Environment

The Victorian section of the route comprises a broad, level plain elevated by the Kanawinka fault about 30 metres above the Follett coastal plains to the west. It is located predominantly within the Dergholm Platform geomorphic unit, although the region around Poolaijelo lies within the Wimmera Plains geomorphic unit (Land Conservation Council 1981). These geomorphic units are described as follows by the Land Conservation Council (1981): The Dergholm Platform comprises a relatively flat surface developed on Tertiary limestones and laterised Pliocene sands and capped by recent siliceous sands and swamp deposits. Lunettes occasionally border lagoons and swamps. The surface is little dissected apart from the valleys of the Glenelg and Wannon Rivers, to the south of the present study region. The Wimmera Plains comprise a broad gently undulating plain sloping north toward the Murray Basin. Late Tertiary sediments are overlain by low sheets of wind blown sand drifts and dunes and fluvial sediments. Elongated ridges of NW-SE trending Parilla Sand protrude

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in places. The plain is studded with lakes and swamps with lunettes often forming around their eastern and north-eastern margins.

The predominant surface materials are leached acid white sands and laterites (ironstone). Relief is provided by the gently sloping sand sheets and sand ridges, weakly incised streams and shallow depressions with remnant drained swamps. Soils of the sand sheets and ridges are typically podosols2 and peaty podosols, with sodosols3 on parent materials with a higher clay and ironstone content (Rosengren 2001). Soils along the first 600m of the pipeline route have a much higher clay content than most of the remainder of the route through Victoria.

The South Australian section of the route lies within the Southern Wetlands and Dune Ranges Environmental Region, as defined by Laut et al. (1977). This region comprises a series of north- north-westerly trending low ridges and intervening plains. The present landscape is a system of parallel coastal dunes stranded during successive phases of retreat of the sea, the dunes becoming progressively older inland. Locally, the calcarenite dune ridges are overlain by younger sands. Well-drained deep and shallow sands are typical of the dune ridges. The plains contrast markedly with the dune ridges and are characterised by impermeable soils derived from marl, clay and silt. Because of this impermeability and the lack of an organised natural drainage network, seasonal flooding occurs and lakes and swamps are common features. Lunettes generally fringe the eastern shorelines of these lakes.

In many areas of the south east of South Australia, including the Penola region, karst topography is evident, where depressions have been formed by groundwater dissolving the underlying limestone (Twidale et al. 1983). These dissolution processes have led to the formation of caverns along the Kanawinka escarpment (including the large and extensive caves contained in the Naracoorte Caves Conservation Park to the north of the study area) and have resulted in the distinctive landscape of circular shallow depressions seen east and south of Penola (Twidale et al. 1983). Landholders south of Miller Road, in the vicinity of the Katnook and Ladbroke Grove plants, have reported the presence of subsurface caverns that may be susceptible to collapse. Broad scale mapping of karst landforms indicates that karst is present for most of the South Australian section of the route (Twidale et al. 1983), from approximately KP 27 to KP 44.

PIRSA soil mapping (PIRSA 2001) indicates that there are areas along the pipeline route that may be susceptible to the development of acid sulphate soils. These include short sections (approximately 500 m or less) at KPs 23, 25, 27 and 35, and most of the alignment between KP 37 and Katnook and Ladbroke Grove.

5.2.2 Potential Impacts

The following activities have the potential to affect the soils and terrain of the Project area: clear-and-grade operations trenching backfilling reinstatement refuelling construction access.

Potential localised impacts to the soils and terrain of the Project area include: erosion and sedimentation soil inversion soil compaction soil contamination acid sulphate soil formation.

2 Podosols: Soils with leached sandy A horizon and strongly coloured iron-enriched subsoils 3 Sodosols: Widespread texture contrast soils that are sodic with dispersable clay subsoils

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In addition, the soils and terrain of the Project area present potential constraints to pipeline construction and operation activities. These will be addressed in alignment selection, pipeline design and construction. In particular, they include: trench collapse during construction in sandy soils (siliceous sands) or wet soils near-surface caves in limestone areas subsidence of the trench.

These constraints are discussed further under ‘Erosion and Sedimentation’ below and in Section 5.2.3.

Erosion and Sedimentation

Erosion and sedimentation are key potential environmental impacts associated with pipeline construction projects. Pipeline construction primarily consists of earth moving activities, which remove surface cover and disturb soil profiles. Therefore, there is potential for sedimentation of the adjacent environments if adequate controls are not implemented.

During rainfall events (particularly over winter) the pipeline alignment may be subject to erosion by water and subsequent transportation and deposition of this sediment off the alignment (sedimentation). However, appropriate drainage controls, topsoil/spoil stockpile management and maintenance of erosion control devices will protect soils and surface water environments from significant erosion and sedimentation impacts.

Inadequate soil compaction over the trench line may also lead to trench subsidence and subsequent erosion, particularly in regions of heavy clays which have a high shrink/swell potential (such as the black soils found in some swamps in the Penola region, KP 27-45; note that the alignment generally avoids these areas). Such soils that expand and contract naturally have the potential to subside if disturbed. Shrinkage may be a particular issue as reinstated sections of the trench may subside, changing the local surface flow patterns, which can lead to trenchline erosion. Limestone areas also may result in localised subsidence if construction activities result in localised collapse of caverns.

During the summer months when rainfall is low, erosion (or aeolian scour) may result from wind action on soils where prolonged exposure occurs following initial clearing.

Although some soils in the Victorian section of the route are considered to have moderately high to high erosion potential (DSE 2004), the flat terrain along the pipeline route reduces the overall risk of erosion. PIRSA soil mapping for the South Australian section of the route indicates a low to moderately low potential for water erosion and a low to moderate risk of wind erosion (PIRSA 2001).

Soil Inversion

Without effective soil management, topsoil may be “lost” during the construction process by burial beneath (or mixing with) trench spoil during stockpiling, covering with sediment washed in from adjacent areas or returning trench spoil and topsoil to the trench in a sequence different to original profiles.

The loss of topsoil reduces the effectiveness of easement restoration and agricultural based land use activities by limiting the amount of available nutrients, biomass and productivity. However, topsoil is not expected to be “lost” due to the topsoil separation and management measures that will be implemented.

Soil Compaction

Pipeline construction requires compaction of the backfilled trench to prevent the disturbed soil from subsiding. However, vehicle traffic elsewhere on the construction easement can lead to soil compaction, in particular equipment and machinery laydown areas or areas of heavy vehicle traffic. Soil compaction may change local drainage patterns and prevent effective plant growth.

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Activities that may cause soil compaction will be restricted to approved areas (e.g. the right of way and access tracks) and will be temporary, as it will be rectified during rehabilitation by ripping or scarifying.

Soil Contamination

The potential also exists for construction related activities to result in localised soil contamination. The main potential sources of contamination are: minor spills of fuel or chemicals leachate from acid sulphate soils created by exposure to oxygen (oxidation) of soils during trenching discharged hydrotest water pumping of saline water out of trenches.

Pipeline projects involve relatively small quantities of chemicals and likely volumes of spills are extremely low. Pipeline construction equipment (such as graders, bulldozers and side-boom tractors) will be refuelled on the right-of-way from a standard fuel truck. Environmental controls and quality systems will be implemented as discussed below, including erosion and sediment controls and spill prevention and cleanup measures.

Hydrotest water will preferably fresh but may contain low levels of corrosion inhibiting chemicals depending on the water source and total time required for the test. Inappropriate disposal of this water may result in localised soil contamination and measures to prevent this occurring are detailed below.

Acid Sulphate Soil

Acid sulphate soils form where exposure of sulphate rich soils to oxygen results in the production of acid (sulphuric acid), which can mobilise heavy metals in the soil. The creation of acid sulphate soils can affect soil quality, water quality and land use. These sulphate rich soils may be present on the pipeline alignment.

5.2.3 Impact Mitigation

Mitigation measures outlined in the APIA Code of Environmental Practice will be implemented via the Construction Environmental Management Plan to minimise potential impacts.

To minimise potential impacts to soil and terrain, Origin will:

Erosion and sedimentation conduct geotechnical surveys to identify areas of potential subsidence or collapse and include the findings of these studies into pipeline design specifications and construction management plans limit ground disturbance and vegetation clearing to the minimum extent necessary for safe pipeline construction during periods of heavy rainfall, suspend all activities likely to result in erosion and sedimentation if their effects cannot be adequately controlled and they may result in pollution of the environment install and maintain erosion and sediment control structures in accordance with the Construction Environmental Management Plan (e.g. diversion berms and cross ditches to divert water off the right-of-way to adjacent stable ground) limit the period between clear-and-grade and restoration to the minimum practicable. compact the trench to a level consistent with surrounding soils implement appropriate physical and biological stabilisation and site rehabilitation measures in accordance with the Construction Environmental Management Plan leave periodic breaks in any crown to prevent channelling of run-off along the right-of-way after construction is completed: routinely inspect and maintain erosion and sediment control structures, particularly after heavy or prolonged rainfall

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regularly inspect the easement during operations to identify areas of subsidence implement appropriate measures to permanently solve any recurring erosion or subsidence problems.

Soil inversion clearly identify the importance of stockpiling topsoil and trench spoil separately, and backfilling the trench in the appropriate soil horizon order in the Construction Environmental Management Plan and environmental inductions stockpile topsoil and trench spoil separately where practicable, return trench spoil in the appropriate horizon order at the completion of works, respread topsoil across the easement regularly inspect the easement to monitor rehabilitation.

Soil compaction identify access tracks and turn-around points for vehicles prior to construction minimise the number of planned tracks and use existing tracks as far as practicable restrict all vehicles and equipment movements to the construction easement or designated access tracks and roads rip or scarify compacted areas where necessary to facilitate vegetation growth regularly inspect the easement to monitor rehabilitation.

Soil contamination include a spill prevention, response and cleanup procedure in the Construction Environmental Management Plan, including refuelling techniques and chemical storage and handling requirements ensure the easement is kept free of consumable rubbish (such as lunch wrappers) and construction generated waste regularly inspect machinery for fuel and oil leaks and maintain in good working order use drip tray and spill mats for each coupling during refuelling truck operations use spill mats and spill containment equipment onsite where diesel pumps are required on the easement implement cleanup procedures if a spill occurs incorporate procedures for trench dewatering, hydrotest water disposal and management of contaminated water (for example highly saline groundwater, leachate from acid sulphate soils) into the Construction Environmental Management Plan. These may include measures to: dispose of water on site after assessment/analysis, provided the water meets ANZECC criteria for the disposal site contain and treat water on site remove water off site obtain landholder approval and EPA approval if required for disposal of trench water outside easement or disposal of saline trench water after construction is completed: inspect easement to ensure any construction generated rubbish / equipment is removed inspect the easement to ensure that any spills which may have occurred are appropriately remediated.

Acid sulphate soil formation conduct a targeted assessment of the final alignment to determine if any areas of potential acid sulphate soils are present and include these locations on the Alignment Sheets if acid sulphate soils are present, incorporate acid sulphate soil management procedures into the Construction Environmental Management Plan. These may include measures to: minimise the time that trench spoil is stockpiled neutralise trench spoil with lime both after excavation and during backfill contain runoff from stockpile areas in holding ponds or bunded areas dispose of trench water only after analysis re-bury soil below the water table

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use inert capping (that is, placing inert, low permeability soil below the topsoil) compact backfill to prevent acid leachate migration. inspect the easement to monitor rehabilitation in any acid sulphate soil regions. 5.3 Water Resources

This section reviews the surface and groundwater environment along the pipeline route. Surface water and ground water are considered together as these systems are interdependent and therefore management measures proposed for one will impact the other.

5.3.1 Existing Environment

Surface Water

The land surface in the Victorian section of the pipeline region is little dissected, apart from the valleys of the Glenelg and Wannon rivers and their tributaries which include Salt, Red Cap and Deep creeks, to the south and east of the pipeline. There are very few watercourses in the vicinity of the pipeline route. Numerous seasonal wetlands are present in the vicinity of the pipeline and these have generally been avoided by route selection.

The proposed pipeline route crosses six ephemeral drainage lines, all in the Victorian section. These are generally shallow drainage depressions, with no defined bed or banks. An example of one of the larger creeks is shown in Plate 5-1. All have been substantially modified by vegetation clearance, grazing and construction of dams. The largest of these is Dorodong Creek, which is crossed upstream of a large dam and is broad and shallow at the crossing point (see Plate 5-5in Section 5.4).

All watercourses on the pipeline route are expected to be constructed using standard open cut (trenching) construction.

Plate 5-1: Creek crossed at KP 14.9, facing south-east In the South Australian section, there is no organised natural drainage network. This, combined with the impermeable soils derived from marl, clay and silt mean that seasonal flooding occurs and lakes and swamps are common features (Laut et al. 1977). The pipeline route passes close to a number of seasonally inundated depressions, but has generally been selected to avoid such features.

An extensive network of surface drains has been constructed throughout South Australia’s south east to assist in regional drainage, and drains are present in the vicinity of the proposed

30 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR alignment at KP 37 to KP 42 and become more extensive further to the north-west of the alignment.

Groundwater

The water table along the pipeline route ranges between 2 and 20 metres below ground level. However, the water table in low lying areas can be as close as 1 metre to the surface, thus forming shallow wetlands that are unconnected by watercourses. Shallow groundwater is generally potable, particularly in the South Australian section of the route, and is used for irrigation and stock, domestic and industrial consumption.

Recent data (within the last 10 years) from groundwater observation wells near the pipeline route in the South Australian section indicate that the water table varies from 1.5 to 5 m below the ground surface and exhibits strong seasonal fluctuation, with depths to the water table increasing over summer and autumn (DWLBC 2004). Salinities reported at these wells are generally fresh, within the range of 870 to 1500 µS/cm (480 to 800 mg/l), with a small number of readings just in the brackish range (i.e. over 1000 mg/l or 1818 µS/cm).

In Victoria, an area mapped as a salinity discharge area is present adjacent to the alignment south of Comaum-Dorodong Road (KP 16) (Victorian Water Resources Data Warehouse 2004) and trenching in this area may intersect the water table. There are no observation wells in close proximity to the pipeline route in Victoria that provide information on the presence or quality of shallow groundwater. The only well in close proximity (B69120, located 250 m south-east of the pipeline at KP 11.5) measures groundwater from a deep aquifer. Bore lithology logs from this well show that clays are present to a depth of 9.3 m (Victorian Water Resources Data Warehouse 2004), indicating that shallow groundwater is not likely close to this location.

The South Australian section of the pipeline lies within the Comaum-Caroline Prescribed Wells area (proclaimed under the Water Resources Act 1967). This area has restricted licences issued based on permissible groundwater extraction volumes.

5.3.2 Potential Impacts

The following activities have the potential to affect the shallow groundwater and surface water resources within the Project area: topsoil stripping construction of the pipeline trench de-watering of the trench to aid construction the storage and handling of small quantities of fuel and chemicals (which have the potential to be spilt) the presence of the back-filled trench during operation. hydrostatic testing watercourse crossings.

Potential impacts of pipeline construction on groundwater and surface water resources include: alteration to groundwater and surface water flow regimes increased sediment load and turbidity contamination disruption to third party use disturbance to groundwater infrastructure.

The presence of shallow groundwater may also constrain standard construction activities.

Due to the nature of pipeline construction activities and operational conditions (particularly the shallow depth of trenching and the low risk of any surface contamination), no impacts to deep aquifers are likely to occur and these are not considered further.

No impacts to surface water or groundwater are expected during operation, following the successful restoration of surface contours and stability.

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Alteration to shallow groundwater and surface water flow regimes

The intersection of shallow groundwater by the open trench has the potential to create localised disturbance to flow patterns, particularly in recharge or discharge zones. Due to the minor depth of the intrusion (approximately 1 – 1.5 m) and the short period for which the trench is open (approximately one to three weeks, depending on the location), the resultant impact on groundwater flows is considered to be inconsequential. Similarly, no adverse impacts are expected to the values protected by the Prescribed Wells Area.

To aid construction, it is common pipeline industry practice to pump accumulated water from the trench. Impacts are local and short term and not anticipated to have any measurable effect on groundwater resources. The need to protect soils from potential erosion and salinisation is discussed in Section 5.2.

Backfilling the trench after the pipeline has been laid aims to adequately compact returned trench spoil consistent with pre-existing conditions. If the backfilled trench is significantly less compacted than the surrounding soils, it may act as a horizontal conduit to water, altering the local hydrology. Alternatively, if sections of the trench are compacted more than pre-existing conditions, lateral flows of groundwater may be impeded, potentially resulting in accumulation of groundwater up gradient of compacted surfaces. However, this is unlikely to cause significant impacts due to the relatively shallow trenching depths.

Construction activities may result in physical disturbance to defined watercourses and to overland flow. Impacts to surface drainage patterns associated with overland flow away from watercourses are less noticeable. If they occur, impacts are most likely to be associated with the presence of temporary linear stockpiles of topsoil and trench spoil and modifications to surface contours during earthworks, which may impede or change natural overland flows.

Increased sediment load and turbidity

A temporary reduction in water quality caused by sediments entering streams and increasing turbidity is the most likely potential impact to occur during construction. The major source of sediment is erosion, transported by surface run-off, stream bank collapse and disposal of turbid trench water. The extent of sedimentation is determined by factors such as soil type, slope, run-off volume and velocity and vegetation cover. As discussed is Section 5.2.2, the soil types and relatively flat terrain of the Project area are less likely to present problems due to low run- off volumes and velocities. The timing of construction in predominantly dry conditions and the implementation of appropriate drainage controls, topsoil/spoil stockpile management and maintenance of erosion control devices will protect surface water environments from significant erosion and sedimentation impacts.

In Victoria, sedimentation due to human activities is considered an important potential impact on streams reflected in listing under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1998 as a potentially threatening process.

Contamination of surface water or groundwater

The potential exists for Project related activities to result in localised groundwater or surface water contamination. The main potential sources of contamination are: minor spills of fuel or chemicals saline groundwater pumped out of the trench during construction leachate from acid sulphate soils created by exposure (and oxidation) of soils during trenching, and discharged hydrotest water.

Pipeline projects involve relatively small quantities of chemicals and the risks to water resources associated with minor spills are extremely low. Pipeline construction equipment (such as graders, bulldozers and side-boom tractors) will be refuelled on the right-of-way from a standard

32 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR fuel truck. These trucks hold up to 16000 litres, however it is highly unlikely that a storage tank on a fuel truck would be breached and the entire contents be spilt

If brackish or saline groundwater is encountered during construction, inappropriate disposal (from de-watering of the trench) may cause localised salinity increases in surface waters. Shallow groundwater in some sections of the pipeline route may be brackish, although none is expected to be in the saline range (i.e. above 18,000 µS/cm).

As discussed in Section 5.2, the pipeline corridor also traverses some areas with potential for occurrence of acid sulphate soils. Adequate planning and management is required to prevent or mitigate localised impacts to surface water (as discussed in Section 5.2).

Fresh water is preferred for hydrotesting, but as previously discussed may contain low levels of oxygen scavengers and/or corrosion inhibiting chemicals. Inappropriate disposal of this water (for example directly to a watercourse) may result in localised contamination of water resources.

Disruption to third party use

It is recognised that impacts to water resources are not limited to the hydrological issues of water quality and quantity, but may also extend to: local ecology (terrestrial and aquatic fauna) domestic water users (private and town supplies) rural water users (stock and crop watering) recreational users (swimming and fishing), and local visual amenity.

These issues are discussed further in Sections 5.4 and 5.8.

Disturbance to groundwater infrastructure

The pipeline corridor passes through areas containing groundwater observation wells. Observation wells are managed by the South Australian Department for Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation and the Victorian Catchment Management Authorities. These wells provide an indication of water levels and quality, and are often important in their contribution to regional and historic datasets. Impacts to such infrastructure (through physical damage during construction) are highly unlikely as the alignment has been selected to avoid such infrastructure.

Watercourse crossings

Watercourse crossing techniques have been discussed in Section 3.5.2, and potential impacts to water resources have been broadly discussed above. A summary of different watercourse crossing techniques to compare potential impacts is presented in Table 5-1.

As discussed in Section 5.3.1, all watercourses are expected to be crossed using standard open cut techniques. As discussed below, the scheduling of construction for dry conditions and the proposed mitigation measures will ensure that impacts to watercourses are not significant or long-term.

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Table 5-1: Summary of Potential Impacts of Different Watercourse Crossing Techniques

Technique Potential Hazard Potential Impact

Open Cut Inadequate sedimentation controls Potentially high sediment release during backfilling if controls are not adequately in place Horizontal Loss of circulation, collapsed hole, stuck drill Failure leads to subsequent attempts and possible Directional stem, lost tools additional land requirements Drill Drill mud seepage directly into land and water Prolonged sediment load and deposition course Washout of cavities and collapse of right-of-way Sink holes on right-of-way and under water course Deviation of drill alignment Potential third party damage General Large footprint required for drill pad Short-term visual impacts due to presence of equipment Noise impacts due to stationary workforce and continuous operation Boring Collapsed hole, stuck drill stem, lost tools Failure leads to subsequent attempts and possible additional land requirements Washout of cavities and collapse of right-of-way Sink holes on right of way and under water course Bellhole Dewatering Discharge erosion, contamination General Short term visual impacts due to presence of equipment Noise impacts due to stationary workforce and continuous operation (Adapted from Canadian Pipeline Water Crossing Committee, 1999)

5.3.3 Impact Mitigation

Impacts to water resources are expected to be minor and temporary. Construction will be carried out during dry conditions (i.e. summer, early autumn or late spring). Watercourses are expected to be dry and will be promptly reinstated following construction. The risk of erosion is relatively low due to the topography and nature of the watercourses. Sediment and erosion control measures outlined in the APIA Code of Environmental Practice will be implemented via the Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) to minimise potential impacts. The CEMP will include site specific requirements where appropriate.

The proposed gas pipeline is unlikely to impact on regional ground water due to the water table depth in the area compared to the depth of the pipeline trench.

Origin will implement the following specific measures to mitigate potential impacts to water resources: compact the trench to a level approximately consistent with surrounding soils install trench breakers to prevent longitudinal water flow within the trench on slopes approaching watercourses or on either side of wetland crossings include the locations of features such as groundwater discharge, acid sulphate soils and groundwater infrastructure on Alignment Sheets reinstate surface contours as soon as reasonably practicable cease clear-and-grade activities at least 10m from banks of flowing watercourses at watercourse crossings: conduct subsequent grading and trenching immediately prior to pipe laying (that is, after the pipe is welded) stockpile material in bunded areas away from the watercourse banks contain pumps within lined, bunded areas complete watercourse crossings within the shortest period practicable to minimise the period of open trench and subsequent environmental disturbance avoid watercourse crossing works during periods of flood or heavy rainfall

34 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

ensure all equipment necessary for the stream crossing is on-site and in good working order prior to commencing work obtain approvals for watercourse crossings (including temporary crossings for vehicles) from the Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority if HDD is used for watercourse crossings locate HDD drill entry and exit points away from watercourse banks, sensitive vegetation and any heritage sites monitor drill entry and exit points for potential fracturing out of drilling mud dispose of drilling mud (bentonite) and cuttings as per approval requirements ensure HDD equipment is in good working order reinstate HDD entry and exit sites (revegetation of the easement aims to re- establish local indigenous plant species where possible) in consultation with regulatory authorities remain vigilant for expected storm or flood warnings and develop a contingency plan for such events during periods of heavy rainfall, suspend all activities likely to result in erosion and sedimentation if their effects cannot be adequately controlled and they may result in pollution of the environment ensure adequate erosion and sediment controls are in place to protect water resources: design erosion and sediment control measures that consider site conditions, slope, vegetation cover, proximity to sensitive environments, construction phase and climatic conditions install diversion berms or drains along the top and at intermediate points down the slopes to the watercourse install silt fences as necessary for interim on-site erosion control monitor, maintain and repair erosion and sedimentation controls to ensure they remain effective, particularly after heavy rainfall events and during periods of prolonged rainfall handle and store chemicals in accordance with Material Safety Data Sheet requirements store fuels, lubricants and chemicals within containment areas (e.g. lined, bunded areas) in accordance with Australian Standard AS1940 include a spill prevention, response and cleanup procedure into the Construction Environmental Management Plan (which will include refuelling techniques and chemical storage and handling requirements) ensure spill response and clean up equipment is on-site prior to commencing works prohibit vehicle refuelling within 50m of a watercourse or on a slope leading to a watercourse regularly inspect machinery for fuel and oil leaks and maintain in good working order obtain hydrotest water from an appropriate source in consultation with relevant landowners and regulatory bodies, in accordance with statutory requirements incorporate procedures for trench dewatering, hydrotest water disposal and management of contaminated water (for example highly saline groundwater, leachate from acid sulphate soils) into the Construction Environmental Management Plan. These may include measures to: dispose of water on site after assessment/analysis, provided the water meets ANZECC criteria for the disposal site contain and treat water on site remove water off site. 5.4 Flora and Fauna

This section reviews flora and fauna issues along the proposed route. It is based on information presented in reports by Ecology Australia (Ecology Australia 2004a and 2004b) which detail results and recommendations of field inspections carried out in September and November 2004.

Methods

A desktop assessment of the study area was undertaken, by reference to Victorian, South

35 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Australian and Commonwealth flora and fauna (DSE 2004a, DSE2004b, DEH 2004, Department of the Environment and Heritage 2004). From these sources, a list of flora and fauna, including species of national, state and regional conservation significance, was developed for the SESA pipeline study area.

A preliminary field assessment of flora and fauna values was conducted on 13 and 14 September 2004. Between 27 and 30 September 2004, Ecology Australia visited the study area to make more detailed examinations of the initial 21 sites identified during the preliminary assessment and other parts of the route. Several options to re-align the route away from sensitive sites were also examined. The entire route was traversed twice during the four days. Between KP 36.7 and 41.6, access was unavailable and this section of the route was surveyed on 16 November 2004. Each site of interest along the route was visited at least once, and surveyed for any fauna, flora and floristic communities present. Estimates were also made of habitat quality/condition and options for avoiding or mitigating impacts were also scoped.

The quality of the vegetation was assessed using a rating system developed by Ecology Australia (Carr et al. 1997). The quality ratings, used to indicate the relative quality or degree of disturbance of the vegetation, are defined in Table 5-2.

Conservation status of species was determined with reference to listings under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Victorian Flora Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, DSE (2003a), DSE (2003b) and the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.

The results of the Ecology Australia surveys have been used in selecting the detailed pipeline alignment, and a number of alignment changes were made based on the survey recommendations.

Table 5-2: Ecology Australia Vegetation Quality Ratings

1 Vegetation structurally and floristically intact or almost so; weed invasions minimal or weeds absent; disturbance minimal or absent. 2 Vegetation structurally and floristically substantially intact; low levels of weed invasion; low levels of disturbance. 3 Vegetation partially intact structurally and/or floristically; moderate levels of weed invasion; woody vegetation intact and herbaceous vegetation greater than 50% cover; moderate levels of disturbance. 4 Vegetation comprised of less than 50% cover of indigenous species and/or with much reduced species richness; in the case of woody vegetation the upper strata may provide moderate to high cover but field layer substantially exotic or only scattered overstorey remnants but moderately dense understorey and/or field layer; high levels of disturbance. 5 Vegetation grossly modified with scattered to rare dominants of upper strata only persisting; very high cover of weeds; current or former levels of disturbance high or very high.

5.4.1 Existing Environment

Flora

A large proportion of the native vegetation in the region has been cleared or heavily modified for agriculture and forestry, although some large blocks of remnant vegetation remain in forest reserves, particularly in Victoria (see Figure 3-2). Woodlands dominated by Brown Stringybark Eucalyptus baxteri or River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis are the most common native vegetation throughout the region.

Along the pipeline route, native vegetation is largely restricted to small or linear remnants along road reserves or creek lines and scattered trees in paddocks. A number of ephemeral wetlands are also present adjacent to the proposed route. Ecological Vegetation Classes (Victoria) and vegetation communities (SA) recorded on the SESA pipeline alignment are listed in Table 5-3.

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Table 5-3: EVCs and Vegetation Communities on the Pipeline Alignment

EVC (Vic) or Vegetation Community Bioregional Condition Location/Comment (SA) Conservation Status

Victoria Plains Grassy Woodland Endangered 3 Copse of small River Red Gum at KP 0.8 Red Gum Wetland Endangered 4 Swamp at KP 8.3; alignment diverts around swamp of quality 3 Damp-sands Herb-rich Woodland Vulnerable 4 Large Manna Gums with no significant understorey at KP 20.5 (trees avoided) Linear strips of quality 3 are present adjacent alignment where it follows plantation firebreak near SA-Vic border Limestone Woodland / Heathy Herb- Vulnerable / 4-5 Open paddock with scattered Pink Gums (KP 10) rich Woodland Depleted Edge of degraded remnant west of Dorodong Creek (KP 12) Narrow strips at three crossings Linear strips of quality 3 are present adjacent alignment where it follows plantation firebreaks (KP 12.1 – 13.7) Creek-line Herb-rich Woodland Endangered 4 Degraded creekline at Dorodong Creek (KP 12) Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Endangered 4 Red Gums on drainage line with no significant Woodland understorey (KP 20.1) Sedge Swamp Vulnerable 3 Wetland near Waterloo Road (KP 18) – alignment diverts around wetland. Heathy Woodland Least Concern 3 Not present on alignment – linear strips present (Depleted) adjacent alignment where it follows firebreak (KP20.7-21.4) South Australia Eucalyptus ovata, Eucalyptus Endangered 3 Present adjacent to the route where it is viminalis ssp. Woodland aligned in a firebreak (KP 21.4 – 23.5) Eucalyptus arenacea/baxteri +/- E. 2 Alignment uses track and heavily degraded obliqua +/- E. fasciculosa +/- E. (weed dominated) area on the eastern edge of viminalis ssp cygnetensis Open Forest this block to avoid quality 2 vegetation. to Woodland Linear strips of quality 3 are present adjacent alignment where it follows plantation firebreaks (KP 21.4 – 23.5) Eucalyptus camaldulensis Woodland Vulnerable 4-5 Scattered trees in paddocks and linear remnants (no significant understorey) at road crossings Baumea juncea, Chorizandra enodis Endangered 3 Present adjacent to the route (KP 40.3) – Sedgeland alignment diverts around wetland.

Allocasuarina luehmannii (Buloke) Endangered 5/4 Small occurrence of 4-5 Buloke plus numerous Woodland / Themeda triandra, Blackwood Acacia melanoxylon present Austrostipa spp Tussock Grassland adjacent to the alignment (and extending northwards away from the alignment) inside fenced rail reserve (KP 40.8). Floating waterplants Herbland 4 Alignment skirts the edge of this site to avoid the wetland at KP 43.5

In general, the vegetation intersected by the pipeline is in moderate to poor condition, although there is some vegetation in reasonable to good condition adjacent to the alignment. Levels of weed invasion are high at most sites where vegetation is intersected. The majority of remnants on the alignment have little or no native understorey, and in most cases the overstorey is sufficiently sparse to allow pipeline construction without the removal of trees. The alignment avoids substantially intact remnants identified during field inspections. Further details on

37 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR vegetation condition and likely impacts at specific sites are provided in Section 5.4.2 and Appendix 4 (Tables A4.5 and A4.6).

Plate 5-2: Cleared firebreak along eastern boundary of Dorothy Downs, facing south (KP 1)

A total of 135 species of plants (110 indigenous, 25 introduced) were detected during the field assessment. A list is provided in Appendix 4 (Table A4.1). It should be noted that a large proportion of these species were recorded from vegetation adjacent to the pipeline alignment which will not be impacted by construction. Species of conservation significance recorded are listed in Table 5-4. Pink Gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa and Tufted Grass-tree Xanthorrhoea caespitosa were the only species of state or national conservation significance recorded on the alignment.

Table 5-4: Plant Species of Conservation Significance Recorded on or near Pipeline Route

Scientific name Common name Conservation status1 Comment

Aus Vic SA

Acacia stricta Hop Wattle R Recorded off the alignment in SA Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle R Not recorded in SA Craspedia paludicola Swamp Billy- v V Recorded in Vic in wetland that is buttons avoided Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented Sundew R Recorded off the alignment in SA Eucalyptus fasciculosa Pink Gum v Extensive remnants adjacent to alignment and small number of small trees on alignment Triglochin minutissimum Tiny Arrowgrass r Recorded in Vic in wetland that is avoided Xanthorrhoea caespitosa Tufted Grass-tree r Recorded adjacent to alignment; present on alignment in 2 locations 1Conservation status: r or R – Rare, v or V - Vulnerable Plant species and communities of particular conservation significance on or near the pipeline route are discussed below.

Pink Gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa dominated plant communities

The Pink Gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa is regarded as Vulnerable in Victoria (DSE 2003a), and Ecological Vegetation Classes (EVCs) in which it occurs as a dominant or co-dominant tree are likewise of threatened conservation status, and therefore of State significance. The EVCs

38 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR include Limestone Woodland (Vulnerable) and Heathy Herb-rich Woodland (Vulnerable). Croft et al. (1999) regard ‘Blue Gum E. leucoxylon +/- Pink Gum Woodlands’ to be Vulnerable in South East South Australia. These communities are found on or adjacent to the alignment at a number of locations in Victoria (Table 5-3).

These communities provide suitable habitat for fauna species regarded as threatened at regional, state scale and national scale, such as the members of the woodland bird community (see below). Species threatened at state (SA) or regional level (South East SA) such as the Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps may also occur in these woodlands.

Significant impacts and mature tree loss from these communities will be avoided in all cases. A very low number of small Pink Gums may need to be removed at two to three locations where the pipeline crosses linear remnants and some trimming of Pink Gums will be required to allow construction and access. The clearance of these trees would be offset by nearby replantings where appropriate.

Plate 5-3: Alignment along firebreak adjacent to Blue Gum plantation, facing west, showing approx. 15 m wide firebreak with Pink Gum dominated vegetation in adjacent road reserve (KP 12.0)

Plate 5-4: Rippons Road crossing, facing west, showing narrow roadside remnant of Limestone Woodland (KP 11.3)

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Tufted Grass-tree (Yucca) Xanthorrhoea caespitosa

Xanthorrhoea caespitosa is regarded as Rare in Victoria (DSE 2003a) on the basis of a relatively small distribution in the state. However, within the bioregion it is locally abundant in EVCs containing Brown Stringybark Eucalyptus baxteri (which range in status from Least Concern for Heathy Woodland, and Depleted to Vulnerable for the balance in the bioregion). It also occurs in threatened EVCs of the bioregion (Vulnerable and Endangered) containing Pink Gum E. fasciculosa. Loss of individual X. caespitosa in Victoria may not be considered significant, but as the species often occurs as a component of threatened vegetation types, all occurrences should be assessed in context rather than as a single species or specimens.

A small number of X. caespitosa may be removed during construction.

Manna Gum Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis woodland (SA)

Croft et al. (1999) regard this community as Endangered in South East South Australia. In the form that it is commonly found in the study area, this vegetation community also conforms to the Special Habitat “Scattered Trees” of Croft et al. (1999). This woodland community, particularly where there are large hollow-bearing specimens, with some Acacia and Banksia understorey, provide suitable habitat for the Sugar Glider (considered Endangered in the South East of South Australia by Croft et al. 1999).

The alignment does not intersect any intact remnants of this community and tree loss from this community will be avoided.

Plate 5-5: Crossing of Penola-Dorodong Road in SA (KP 26.1) facing south, along alignment through degraded Manna Gum / Brown Stringybark woodland

Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata woodland (SA)

Croft et al. (1999) regard this community as Endangered in South East South Australia. It can provide suitable habitat for fauna species regarded as threatened at regional, state scale and national scale, such as the members of the woodland bird community (see section 5.4). Species threatened at state (SA) or regional level (South East SA) such as the Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps may also occur in this woodland. Swamp Gums provide an important source of late winter – early spring nectar for threatened SA species such as the Sugar Glider, Little Lorikeet Glossopsitta pusilla and Black-chinned Honeyeater.

The alignment does not intersect any intact remnants of this community and tree loss from this community will be avoided.

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Plate 5-6: Alignment along cleared firebreak in SA with adjacent remnant woodland containing Manna Gum, Brown Stringybark and Swamp Gum, facing east (KP 26.0)

River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. camaldulensis woodland (SA)

Considered Vulnerable in South East South Australia (Croft et al. 1999). In the form that it is commonly found in the study area, this vegetation community also conforms to the Special Habitat “Scattered Trees” of Croft et al. (1999). This woodland community also provides the major nesting habitat for the nationally Endangered Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo.

Much of the route south of KP 26 passes through this community, although the understorey is almost exclusively pasture grasses. The alignment does not intersect any intact remnants of this community and has been selected to avoid clearance of scattered trees and utilise gaps in trees at road crossings.

Plate 5-7: Alignment through pasture with scattered River Red Gums, looking west (KP 34.4)

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Buloke Allocasuarina luehmannii Woodland (SA)

A small occurrence of approximately 4 – 5 trees, with Blackwood Acacia melanoxylon, is present at KP 40.8 in rail reserve adjacent to alignment. The stand should be protected by virtue of being inside a fenced vegetation remnant and will be flagged to avoid incidental offsite impacts during construction nearby.

Kangaroo Grass Themeda triandra – Spear-grass Austrostipa spp tussock grassland (SA)

Considered Endangered in South East South Australia (Croft et al. 1999). A small patch of this indigenous grassland community is found approximately 300m north of the proposed alignment crossing of an unnamed lane (KP 30.5) near Penola. This stand will be flagged to avoid incidental offsite impacts during construction nearby. A small patch is also found adjacent to the alignment (inside a fenced rail reserve) at KP 40.8.

Wetland plant communities (Vic, SA)

Rippons Road and Waterloo Road Wetlands (Vic)

These wetlands, near Dorodong in Victoria, have high values for both flora and fauna. The Rippons Road wetland conforms to the Red Gum Swamp EVC (Endangered) and the Waterloo Road wetland conforms to the Sedge Wetland EVC (Vulnerable). The Rippons Road wetland contains species of state significance in Victoria (e.g. Swamp Billy-button Craspedia paludicola – Vulnerable) and has a moderate to high likelihood of occurrence for the EPBC-listed Swamp Fireweed Senecio psilocarpus and Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis. The Growling Grass Frog was recorded at the Waterloo Road wetland during fieldwork for this Project.

Both wetlands are likely to satisfy Ecology Australia’s criteria for being of national conservation significance (as defined in Ecology Australia 2004a). The route has been aligned away from them to avoid impacts. The route diverts around the Waterloo Road wetland and the route is approximately one kilometre south of the Rippons Road wetland.

Dorodong Creek crossing (Vic)

This site contains both in-stream and terrestrial attributes of significance. Within the watercourse are stands of Cumbungi Typha sp. and Common Reed Phragmites australis, fringing a large downstream impoundment, which offer calling and sunning sites for the Growling Grass Frog. The likelihood that the species occurs here is high. Impacts in this zone will be minimised by stringent controls on sedimentation and vegetation loss and construction during summer or autumn, after the wetland edges are likely to have dried out.

Relatively narrow strips of both Creekline Herb Rich Woodland and Heathy Herb-rich Woodland EVCs are present adjacent to the creek. Some tree loss at these sites is likely with the current alignment, but will be minimised. Alternative pipeline route crossings have been considered but other options have equivalent or greater environmental impact.

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Plate 5-8: Dorodong Creek crossing, facing west (KP 11.9) showing approximate alignment

Bare Twig-sedge Baumea juncea – Black Bristle-rush Chorizandra enodis Sedgeland (SA)

‘Baumea juncea (Bare Twig-sedge), Chorizandra enodis (Black Bristle-rush) Sedgeland’ has been almost completely cleared from the South East (Croft et al. 1999), but remains in a degraded, species-poor form (abundant Chorizandra but little or no Baumea) in some swamps and drains in the study area. Adjacent to the route at KP 40.4 and 41.6 are two small wetlands with vegetation generally matching this community description. These swamps also provide habitat suitable for state and nationally threatened fauna such as Brown Quail, Australian Painted Snipe, Latham’s Snipe and Growling Grass Frog.

All surface disturbance to these wetlands should be avoided, but as both are outside the alignment, this should easily be accommodated by appropriate flagging of swamp margins, and control of sediment run-off.

Swamp Fireweed Senecio psilocarpus

Records exist for the Victorian section of the study area for the EPBC-listed Swamp Fireweed, and the likelihood that it occurs in wetlands such as at Rippons Road and Waterloo Road is considered to be high. Impacts at these sites will be avoided by realigning the route away from the wetlands.

Other EPBC-listed species

Broad modelling from the EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool database suggested a number of additional nationally threatened species that may occur within the study area including Coloured Spider-orchid Caladenia colorata (E), Elegant Spider-orchid C. formosa (V), Trailing Hopbush Dodonaea procumbens (V), Clover Glycine Glycine latrobeana (V), Pterostylis tenuissima, Metallic Sun-orchid Thelymitra epipactoides (E) and Spiral Sun-orchid T. matthewsii (V). No specimens of any of these species were found during the survey, and it is not expected that any important or significant populations of these species exist within the proposed alignment.

Fauna

The main habitats present in the region include: woodlands and heathy woodlands, which support diverse bird communities and mammal and reptile assemblages wetlands and swamps, which may support significant species of waterbirds and frogs

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plantations of Blue Gum and pine and agricultural land, which generally support a limited range of fauna species capable of exploiting highly disturbed habitats.

Fauna species recorded on or near the pipeline route are listed in Appendix 4 (Table A4.2). A number of species of conservation significance were either recorded during inspections or are likely to occur in the area. These species are also listed in Appendix 4 (Tables A4.3 and A4.4) and key species are discussed further below.

Red-Tailed Black Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne

The South-eastern Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (RTBC) is listed as Endangered under the Commonwealth EPBC Act, as well as under Victorian and South Australian legislation. It is restricted to south-west Victoria and the lower south east of South Australia and its population size is probably not more than 1,000 individuals.

The RTBC feeds exclusively on the seeds of Desert and Brown Stringybarks Eucalyptus arenacea and E. baxteri, and Buloke Allocasuarina luehmanni which are much depleted from land clearing. This is thought to be the main limiting factor for the population (Hill & Burnard 2001). Another feature of the species’ contemporary ecology is highly variable nesting success. This has been attributed to a combination of predation of nests by the Common Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpecula, and lack of food availability close to nest sites. In the longer term the ongoing loss of its preferred nest trees – largely dead River Red Gums E. camaldulensis – may contribute to its endangerment (Hill & Burnard 2001). All known and potential RTBC habitat is considered to be Critical Habitat (Hill & Burnard 2001).

The region traversed by the pipeline is considered potential habitat for RTBC. However, the alignment does not impact any significant remnants of feeding habitat and no potential nest trees will be removed. Avoiding disturbance to nesting birds should avoid any significant impact to this species. The preference to achieve this is to avoid the breeding season; however, if this is not possible, protocols for undertaking nesting surveys and identification of buffer zones will be developed.

Growling Grass Frog / Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis

This EPBC-listed species was recorded at the Waterloo Road wetland (KP 18) during fieldwork for this assessment, and on the basis of that record, other records (DSE 2004b) and habitat assessments, is thought at least moderately likely to occur at most of the larger, well vegetated wetlands along the proposed route. Breeding is likely to occur between November and January in the study area, and juvenile frogs (metamorphlings) may be active on the ground until April or May.

The pipeline alignment avoids directly impacting wetlands along the route, and protocols will be implemented to ensure there are no significant impacts to this species (see Section 5.4.2).

Large forest owls

The large forest owl species – Powerful Owl Ninox strenua, Barking Owl Ninox connivens, Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae – have a moderate to high likelihood of occurrence throughout the proposed pipeline route, though the Powerful Owl is likely to be confined to sections of Victoria around Dorodong (where it was recorded during this study). Both the Barking Owl and Masked Owl are likely to be found in open woodland of River Red Gum E. camaldulensis, Manna Gum E. viminalis, Pink Gum E. fasciculosa and Yellow (Blue) Gum E. leucoxylon.

Avoiding construction in areas with scattered large hollow-bearing trees during the main breeding season (May – October), and avoiding all loss of such trees, should avoid any significant impacts on these species.

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Threatened Temperate Woodland Bird Community

A number of forest and woodland birds of the temperate zone are regarded as threatened in Victoria and South Australia, and some are also nationally threatened. Species such as Brown Treecreeper Climacteris picumnus victoriae, Black-chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus gularis gularis, Hooded Robin Melanodryas cucullata cucullata, Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata and Chestnut-rumped Heathwren Hylacola pyrrhopygia are known to occur within the study area, and are also included in a FFG-listed threatened community in Victoria.

Avoiding or minimising tree loss within the proposed route is essential for maintaining habitat values for this threatened group.

Lined Worm-lizard Aprasia striolata

The Lined Worm-lizard is a burrowing animal found in woodlands and heathlands with sandy soils and is considered Near Threatened (i.e. rare) in Victoria (DSE 2003b). The Lined Worm-lizard has been recorded in native vegetation in the Victorian part of the study area, and has a high likelihood of regular occurrence at sandy sites within the proposed pipeline route. Avoiding loss of native vegetation is likely to also avoid any significant impacts on this reptile.

Silky Mouse Pseudomys apodemoides

This native mouse can be locally abundant in woodlands and heathlands in the Victorian section of the study area, and is regarded as Near Threatened (i.e. rare) in Victoria (DSE 2003b). The Silky Mouse has a high likelihood of regular occurrence at sandy sites with heathy vegetation under Brown Stringybark E. baxteri within the region of the proposed pipeline route. Avoiding loss of native vegetation is likely to also avoid any significant impacts on this mammal.

Other EPBC-listed species

Broad modelling from the EPBC Protected Matters Search Tool database suggested a number of additional nationally threatened species that may occur within the study area including Spot- tailed Quoll Dasyurus maculatus maculatus (E), Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor (E), Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis (V), Southern Brown Bandicoot Isoodon obesulus obesulus (E), Southern Bentwing-bat Miniopterus schreibesii bassanii (CD), Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus tridactylus (V), Heath Mouse Pseudomys shortridgei (V), and Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar (V).

The study area is well outside the normal range of D. maculatus, L. discolor, M. schreibersii (no caves), P. tridactylus, D. impar, and north of the relatively well known edge of range for I. obesulus and P. shortridgei.

R. australis has a moderate – high likelihood of occurring from time to time in some more permanent swamps in the area, such as those on Rippons and Waterloo Roads (as discussed above), but is probably not resident in the study area.

It is not expected that any important or significant populations of these species exist within the proposed alignment.

Weeds and Pathogens

Weeds recorded along the pipeline route are listed in Appendix 4. Most are associated with exotic pasture and include Cape Weed Artctotheca calendula, Couch Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon, Cocksfoot Dactylis glomeratus, Veldt Grass Ehrharta spp., Broom Genista sp., Yorkshire Fog Holcus lanatus, Barley Grass Hordeum leporinum, Cat’s Ear Hypochoeris radicata and Canary-grass Phalaris aquatica. A stand of planted Pampas Grass Cortaderia selloana is present at one location and Sweet Pittosporum Pittosporum undulatum was recorded spreading from a house garden into roadside vegetation adjacent to the alignment.

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Evidence of plant diseases (e.g. Phytophthora, Mundulla Yellows) was not noted along the proposed route.

5.4.2 Potential Impacts

The vast majority of the proposed pipeline route passes through forestry fire breaks or cleared land, which carry little vegetation or introduced pasture and crops and have low ecological significance. However, some areas of higher sensitivity, where impacts may occur, have been identified. These are summarised in Appendix 4, and discussed further below.

The following activities have the potential to affect the ecological values of the Project area: creation of construction access clear-and-grade operations (creation of the construction right-of-way) trenching welding earthworks associated with creation of associated stockpiles, laydown or work areas and construction depots (if required).

Appropriate management of the Project will be required to prevent a range of impacts to the ecological values of the region. Such impacts include: removal of remnant vegetation destruction of habitats fragmentation of habitats fauna mortality disruption to critical fauna lifecycle stages loss of biodiversity spread of ecological weeds, and spread of pathogens.

Removal of Remnant Vegetation

The pipeline alignment has been selected to utilise disturbed areas and minimise the clearance of remnant vegetation. However, it does encounter a small number of linear vegetation remnants that cannot be avoided. Clearance of vegetation will occur at some of these sites, however in all cases the easement will be reduced in width and trees retained on the easement where possible to minimise impacts. The potential also exists for loss of vegetation on associated work areas, however these will be located to avoid native vegetation.

Trimming of tree limbs (including Pink Gums) overhanging the easement from adjacent land will be required along several sections of the alignment to allow safe construction and access along the easement and existing access roads and tracks. Trimming of trees on the easement will also be carried out to allow construction without the need for complete removal. Trimming would be carried out by a tree surgeon to ensure impacts to tree health are minimal.

Trenching close to the base of trees can adversely impact tree roots and tree health. The alignment has been selected to avoid trenching close to the base of trees and the trench is located outside tree canopies (or ‘drip lines’) where possible.

Fires as a result of construction activities such as welding also have the potential to damage or destroy vegetation and habitat.

Overall, the amount of remnant vegetation cleared will be very limited. Appendix 4 (Tables A4.5 and A4.6) identifies sites on the alignment where vegetation and habitats may be impacted. Tree removal will be kept to a minimum by implementing the mitigation measures discussed below.

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Destruction of Habitats

Habitat destruction is largely related to vegetation removal (see above). Due to historical clearing and the heavily disturbed nature of the pipeline alignment, destruction of fauna habitats will be very minor and restricted to a local scale. The main habitat types that will be impacted are small trees, degraded roadside woodland and weed dominated areas near wetland edges.

As discussed in Section 5.4.1, a number of bird species are dependent on remnant trees (particularly hollow-bearing trees) for nesting, breeding and foraging habitat, particularly in the section of route around Dorodong in Victoria where there are extensive remnants nearby. The selection of the alignment to minimise removal of small trees and avoid of removal of hollow bearing trees should avoid any significant impact on habitat for these species.

The habitat value of the thin strips of degraded roadside woodland crossed by the pipeline is not likely to be diminished.

Pipeline construction at Dorodong Creek and adjacent to the Waterloo Road wetland is not likely to have a significant impact on habitat values for fauna species, particularly the Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis. The pipeline is aligned in areas of weed dominated, marginal habitat. Sediment controls will be implemented if water is present, although conditions are expected to be dry at the time of construction. The extensive wetland habitats present in these areas are avoided.

Fragmentation of Habitats

Fragmentation is a potential issue in all linear development projects. Pipeline construction has the potential to cause localised disruption to small fauna species or plant species that are present in low numbers or have poor dispersal mechanisms. However, because pipeline easements are generally narrow, are allowed to regenerate and can be actively revegetated (with some restrictions on planting of deep-rooted species over the pipe) they are not generally considered to present a long-term barrier to wildlife movement.

Construction of the SESA pipeline is not expected to cause significant fragmentation effects, particularly because it utilises existing cleared corridors and impacts only a small number of degraded linear vegetation remnants with limited habitat value.

Fauna Mortality

Due to the disturbed nature of the pipeline alignment and the lack of intact habitat near the alignment, the risk of fauna mortality due to machinery operation, collision with vehicles or entrapment in the trench is considered low. It is possible that some species of small mammals, reptiles and amphibians may fall into the trench and perish.

Disruption to Critical Fauna Lifecycle Stages

The presence and activity of construction activity and personnel may impact critical lifecycle stages of some species. For example, prolonged or unusual noise or activity may discourage the use of local habitats for breeding. Species of conservation significance such as the Red-tailed Black Cockatoo (RTBC) have the potential to be disrupted in this manner. The peak breeding period for RTBC is August to December. It is considered possible that prolonged disturbance within 500 m of RTBC nests would cause abandonment and nesting failure (Conole 2001). This would very likely be considered a significant impact under the EPBC Act. Timing of construction outside breeding periods and/or other protocols discussed below will ensure that this does not occur.

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Loss of Biodiversity

Significant species and communities can be affected by direct loss during vegetation clearing activities. Indirect consequences include the loss of biodiversity through weed invasion, soil erosion, altered light, hydrological or ecological conditions. For example, old growth Red Gums are relied on by many nationally significant bird species for feeding, breeding and nesting. A significant loss of such values may potentially affect local, regional or even statewide biodiversity.

Alignment selection and the measures outlined below to minimise vegetation loss and offset biodiversity loss will ensure that there is no significant loss of biodiversity as a result of SESA pipeline construction and operation.

Spread of Ecological Weeds and Pathogens.

Although the majority of the pipeline alignment is dominated by introduced plants, the potential exists for weeds to be spread further, particularly into areas of native vegetation. This can occur through soil disturbance and the movement of weed material or seeds on earthmoving equipment and vehicles. The use of imported padding sand may also result in the introduction of weed species, although this is unlikely as sand pits are tested for noxious weeds and the padding is buried at depth in the trench. Other imported material (e.g. stored pipes, used fencing material) may also result in weed introduction if it is not clean on arrival.

Environmental weeds on or near the pipeline route are listed in Section 5.4.1. Of particular note is Pampas Grass which produces prolific amounts of wind and water-borne seed and could spread to other areas of native vegetation along the pipeline if it is not appropriately managed.

Although the soil-borne fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi is not known in the region, it could be introduced if machinery that has been working in infected areas is not appropriately cleaned down before entry to the Project area.

5.4.3 Impact Mitigation

Mitigation measures will follow the procedures outlined below. Details of potential mitigation measures at sites identified during the flora and fauna assessment are listed in Appendix 4 (Tables 4.5 and 4.6).

To mitigate potential impacts, Origin will:

General

complete the ecological survey of areas not accessed in the initial inspections integrate site specific management strategies into the Construction Environmental Management Plan work in consultation with the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) and the South Australian Department for Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) to obtain necessary approvals for vegetation clearing.

Remnant Vegetation

restrict disturbance to the 25m right-of-way and designated work areas / access tracks reduce the right-of-way to 15m (or less at special crossings) in areas of higher ecological significance (e.g. in firebreaks with adjacent native vegetation) retain trees on the right-of-way where possible trench outside tree ‘drip-lines’ where possible trim branches that overhang the right-of-way rather than remove complete trees, whilst ensuring that safe access is maintained (trimming will be conducted by an experienced ‘tree surgeon’)

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indicate areas of reduced right-of-way and trees to be removed/retained on the Alignment Sheets employ an environmental officer to flag areas of reduced right-of-way and trees to be trimmed or retained and to oversee clear-and-grade operations implement fire prevention procedures and maintain fire prevention and control equipment on site for high risk activities develop and implement site specific rehabilitation procedures to reduce the duration of potential impact at significant sites comply with the principles of Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework and the South Australian Native Vegetation Act to achieve a net gain or significant environmental benefit.

Significant Habitats

avoid clearing large, hollow-bearing trees minimise sediment impacts to downstream habitats by implementing erosion and sediment control measures where appropriate (e.g. if constructing between August and December) commission inspection or monitoring of the route and construction by an appropriately trained and experienced zoologist to audit Red-tailed Black Cockatoo protective measures implement measures to protect potential Growling Grass Frog habitat, for example: align pipeline out of major vegetated wetlands define a narrow work width through wetland margins likely to have dried by late summer – autumn (e.g. Dorodong Creek crossing, Victoria or along Argyle Road, SA). develop protocols for salvaging any Growling Grass Frogs found during construction develop and implement site specific rehabilitation procedures to reduce the duration of potential impact that utilise local species where indigenous vegetation is present.

Habitat Fragmentation

reduce right-of-way width through areas containing remnant vegetation significant trees (for example hollow bearing or old growth Eucalypts) will be flagged for avoidance.

Avoiding Fauna Mortality

in areas adjacent remnant vegetation, construct the trench in shorter sections with ramps (or slopes) at each end to facilitate fauna escape minimise the period for which the pipeline trench is open implement appropriate protocols in areas of ecological sensitivity (e.g. Dorodong Creek if water is present) to inspect the trench and monitor construction activities for fauna.

Critical Fauna Lifecycle Stages

where practicable, in areas of higher ecological significance avoid construction during breeding periods for significant species implement protocols to survey for nesting Red-tailed Black Cockatoo and buffer nesting sites from disturbance if constructing in peak breeding period (August to December) in consultation with the RTBC Recovery Team.

Biodiversity

Biodiversity issues are covered by those actions proposed to minimise loss of vegetation and disturbance to fauna habitats and lifecycles.

Spread of Ecological Weeds and Pathogens

develop weed management procedures, detailing site specific requirements for: pre-construction controls (such as spraying)

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quarantine requirements machinery, vehicle and personnel hygiene measures screening of imported material (e.g. padding) for weeds records management monitoring post-construction control incorporate the weed and pathogen management procedures into the Construction Environmental Management Plan. 5.5 Heritage

This section presents the results of the heritage studies undertaken by Vivienne Wood (Wood 2004a and 2004b).

5.5.1 Indigenous Heritage

Existing Environment

Victoria

According to Clark (1990), this region incorporates the traditional lands of the western clans of the Jardwadjali and the eastern Buandik. The clans and bands of the Jardwadjali practiced a traditional hunting-gathering economy with population movement being associated with seasonal resource distribution and abundance. Watercourses, lakes and swamps provided not only drinking water but also habitat for a wide range of food resources and, as such, would have provided an important focus for Aboriginal occupation.

A number of archaeological studies have been undertaken in the broader region around Poolaijelo (Rhoads 1992, Wood 1992, Wood 1995a, Wood 1995b, Wood 1997, Rhoads and Bird 2000, Wood 2001, Wood 2003). Sites recorded include scarred trees (generally located along either watercourses or parallel to roads and tracks), mounds, stone artefact scatters and isolated stone artefacts. Many of the sites are located on the exposed banks of watercourses and swamps and on exposed sand dunes. Rhoads and Bird (2000:7) state that “the overall density of artefacts seems to be directly related to the availability and reliability of surface water”.

In this general region, stone artefact scatters and isolated artefacts are most commonly found on either dunes or source bordering lunettes and within 100m of a water source. While this probably reflects a preferential locating of camps, i.e. the dune surface providing dry areas adjacent to optimum habitats, this prediction needs to be qualified in that dunes often have greater levels of ground surface visibility.

There are no Indigenous sites on the Site Register maintained by Aboriginal Affairs Victoria within the study area. The closest registered sites are those recorded by Rhoads (1992) adjacent to the Poolaijelo Swamp, east of Poolaijelo (AAV Site Nos. 7123-37-42) approximately 2km to the northeast of the proposed junction with the SEA Gas pipeline. There are no Indigenous sites on the Register of the National Estate in the study region.

A field survey of the proposed gas pipeline (following the western option through Dorothy Downs) was undertaken on Thursday 7 October 2004 by archaeologist Vivienne Wood, with two representatives from the Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation: Adam Walker and Danny Lovett. Much of the alignment is located within forestry land which is generally highly disturbed through plantation development and maintenance (i.e. clearing, ripping, fire break maintenance, etc.). Approximately 15-20% of the alignment comprises pastoral land which has been cleared.

The entire alignment was driven (following the alternate or western option through Dorothy Downs), with 5.35km (24%) being subjected to detailed pedestrian survey. Ground surface visibility for approximately 80% of the alignment i.e. that located in forestry land was generally

50 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR moderate to good. Thick grass cover on pastoral land resulted in low ground surface visibility. All mature trees were checked for evidence of scarring.

Following a realignment of the gas pipeline in the Dorothy Downs area, further survey was carried out on Monday 15 November 2004 of a section approximately 5km in length, with approximately 3.15 km of this being subjected to pedestrian survey. The majority of the realignment lies within forestry tracks with good visibility (60-80%), with only the first 800m (approximately), in a paddock with thick pasture and therefore limited visibility.

No Indigenous sites were found during either of the surveys, despite the good ground surface visibility and it is considered that this is a direct reflection of the generally low archaeological sensitivity of the proposed pipeline alignment, and the degree to which it has been disturbed in the past. One location, where the alignment crosses Dorodong Creek (KP 11.9) was however considered to have moderate archaeological sensitivity. A narrow wetland has been formed at this point by damming the creek 350 m downstream of the alignment. Sandy banks and flat ground standing above the wetland have elevated sensitivity though visibility was good to excellent and no cultural material was found. Shallow lateritic soils also indicate limited depth to any potential cultural deposits.

South Australia

Tindale (1974) has identified the main Aboriginal group occupying land encompassed by the study area at the time of European settlement as the Buandik (or Bunganditj). Other tribes mentioned by Smith (1880:ix) as occupying land in the south east of South Australia included the Pinejunga at Penola, the Mootatunga at Robe, the Wichintunga south of Lucindale, and the Polinjunga to the north of Kingston. The Buandik were the largest of these ‘tribes’, according to Smith (1880:ix).

Archaeological research in the south east of South Australia has concentrated largely on the coast where a number of Indigenous sites have been recorded, including flint quarries, campsites, middens, burials and rock art in the limestone caves south of Mount Gambier (over 50 km south of the pipeline). Few systematic surveys or research programs have been undertaken across the inland plains. Campbell and Noone (1943) undertook the first principal studies of surface campsites in the region. Campbell, Cleland and Hossfeld (1946) undertook survey and collection within various inland settings and argued for a seasonality of occupation which saw a retreat inland during the cold wet winter months and an economic focus on swamp and lake habitats.

Recent studies in the broader Penola region (Gara 1988, Luebbers 1990a and 1990b, Wood 1994, Wood 1995, Wood 1996) have reported a limited number of sites. Gara (1988) recorded two campsites on sand dunes/ridges adjacent to small swamps in the Cave Range (near Monbulla, approximately 8 km west of Katnook and Ladbroke Grove) and a scarred red gum tree at Tarpeena (approximately 15 km south of the pipeline). Wood (1994) found one stone artefact, comprising a flint flake at a proposed gas drilling site at Haselgrove, approximately 10km south of Penola.

Wood (1995) collated previous research for the general region and undertook a significant amount of survey throughout the South East. Of the total of 37 ‘inland’ sites recorded (mostly open campsites/stone artefact scatters) over 57% were located within range settings and 70% were located in proximity to an obvious swamp, watercourse, lake or sinkhole. No survey was undertaken in the present region for the 1995 study.

There are no previously recorded or registered Indigenous sites listed on the Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation (DAARE) database within the defined study area. The closest sites are located at a distance of about 12km to the west, in the Cave Range, near Monbulla (DAARE Site Nos. 7023-2556 and 7023-2557). There are no Indigenous sites on the Register of the National Estate in the study region.

In summary, it appears from previous research that the location of inland habitation sites, i.e. campsites/stone artefact scatters, correlates strongly with sandy, elevated areas fringing the

51 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR numerous lagoons and swamps of the region. Such areas would have provided well-drained positions upon which to camp, particularly in areas which are periodically inundated with water.

A survey of the South Australian section of the route was undertaken by archaeologist Vivienne Wood, with two representatives of the Tattyara Aboriginal Heritage Consultancy (Kerry Hunt and Jessie Clarke) on Friday 8 October 2004 and with two representatives from the Kungari Aboriginal Cultural Heritage Association (Leonie Casey and Annie Rafferty) on Saturday 9 October 2004. Craig Westell also assisted in the field. Whilst the alignment was not pegged in the field at the time of the survey, the consultant had been provided with grid references and maps of the proposed route location. An attempt was made to survey as wide an area as possible in order to allow for minor deviations.

Access was not available to the Old Penola Pastoral property (KP 36.7 to 41.6) at the southwestern end of the proposed alignment during the initial survey. Further survey of this section was undertaken on Sunday 14 November 2004 by Vivienne Wood, with three representatives of the Tattyara Aboriginal Heritage Consultancy (Kerry Hunt, Jessie Clarke and John Clarke), as well as Craig Westell. The Kungari representatives did not participate in this fieldwork as they were satisfied it had been covered satisfactorily by the consultant and the Tattyara group. In addition, an alternative alignment from the railway line south to the Katnook and Ladbroke Grove gas plant was also surveyed at this time (an additional 3 km).

The first 4.5km of the alignment from the border is located within a forestry track which is generally highly disturbed through plantation development and maintenance (i.e. clearing, ripping, fire break maintenance, etc.). The remainder of the alignment comprises pastoral and agricultural land which has been cleared. A large proportion of alignment was driven, with 9.7 km (21%) being subjected to detailed pedestrian survey. Ground surface visibility was generally very poor due to the presence of thick pasture grasses or hay crops.

No Indigenous sites were found during the survey and it is considered that this is a direct reflection of the generally low archaeological sensitivity of the proposed pipeline alignment, and the degree to which it has been disturbed in the past.

Potential Impacts

The proposed earthworks (particularly clear-and-grade operations) associated with pipeline construction have the potential to disturb archaeological material, should it be present. Impacts may include: damage to shallow artefact scatters damage to subsurface material damage to significant vegetation (for example scarred trees).

It is not considered likely that there will be any adverse impacts on Aboriginal cultural heritage, as no sites were found during the survey and there are no previously recorded sites on or near the alignment. The proposed alignment is considered to have generally low archaeological sensitivity and has been subject to a high degree of disturbance. One site of moderate sensitivity (Dorodong Creek) has been noted in Victoria.

Provisions under the Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984, the Victorian Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972 and the South Australian Aboriginal Heritage Act 1988 make it an offence to knowingly disturb, deface or damage an archaeological relic without the prior approval of the relevant State regulatory authority.

Impact Mitigation

Origin will implement the following measures to mitigate potential impacts to indigenous cultural heritage: complete survey work in areas not inspected during this assessment prior to construction

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install flagging, protective fencing or erosion control measures to protect any sites detected near the easement which will not be directly affected by construction in the unlikely case that sites are detected on the alignment and cannot be avoided, obtain appropriate authorisation for unavoidable site disturbances necessary to permit the construction of the pipeline undertake on-site monitoring of clear and grade operations with two representatives of the Winda-Mara Aboriginal Corporation in Victoria include Indigenous site identification and protection as part of the induction course in the event that site earthworks uncover potential Indigenous heritage material: halt work at this location and establish a 100 m buffer around the site. Work may continue outside the buffer area. site monitors and archaeologist should take immediate steps to evaluate the material. If monitors/ archaeologist are not present, work should stop immediately and contact made with the relevant heritage group and AAV / DAARE. suspend works at the discovery site so that an evaluation of the nature of the discovery can be undertaken, along with an appropriate course of action. the course of action may consist of recording the site location, removal of the cultural material or site protection as appropriate under the relevant legislation (see Section 2 above).

5.5.2 Historical Heritage

Existing Environment

Victoria

The region was settled by Europeans in the late 1830s, with the establishment of ‘Muntham’ station, northeast of Casterton, by the Henty family in 1836. The town of Casterton was subsequently established in the early 1840s by the Hentys. By the end of the 1840s squatters had taken up runs to the edge of the Mallee scrub and much of the land had been cleared of native vegetation (Land Conservation Council 1979). The present study area is located within two squatters’ runs, Fox Hall and Dorodong, which were established in 1850 (Spreadborough and Anderson 1983).

Gold was discovered in many areas of Victoria in the 1850s and these finds brought vast changes as the colony grew rapidly in population and prosperity. The gold rush facilitated a significant improvement in transport and coach services. Hamilton became the coaching centre of the Western District and the half way station on the overland mail route between Adelaide and Melbourne (Land Conservation Council 1996:52). Wood (1997) recorded an historic site associated with this route, comprised of the Halfway House coach changing station on the Casterton – Penola Road. With the development of railways across the Western Districts, coach services gradually diminished into the late 1800s and early 1900s (Land Conservation Council 1996:52).

With the culmination of the mining boom, laws regarding ownership of the land changed and a number of land selection bills were introduced. This legislation allowed settlers of limited means to select small pockets of land, and, as a result, agriculture and pastoralism expanded and diversified. By the 1860s, the region supported a vigorous community engaged in grazing, mining, timber-getting, etc. The study area was particularly suitable for wool, and cattle were also important, for both beef as well as dairying (Land Conservation Council 1979, 1981).

Besides pastoralism and agriculture, the early settlers of the region logged the numerous messmate and brown stringy bark forests selectively and removed the best trees for general construction purposes, sleepers, fencing materials and firewood. Most early sawmills were ‘spot’ mills, i.e. temporary. In the 1930s the Forests Commission of Victoria commenced a program designed to increase the productivity of the messmate forests (Land Conservation Council 1981). Archaeological evidence of the early forestry industry includes timber structures, saw pits, log yards, etc.

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Government-sponsored soldier-settler schemes set in place after World Wars I and II led to the acquisition and partitioning of many of the larger estates to enable large numbers of small farmers to establish themselves.

A review of the database of non-Indigenous sites maintained by Heritage Victoria indicated that there are no sites within the study area. The closest sites include the Content Track Sawmill (H7123-0003), located near Poolaijelo (Antony Waites Road), the Memorial hall and State School sites in Poolaijelo township, and the Dorodong Town Hall. There are no non-Indigenous sites on the Register of the National Estate in the study region.

Field surveys of the proposed route and alternative options were undertaken by archaeologist Vivienne Wood on Thursday 7 October and Monday 15 November 2004. No non-Indigenous heritage sites were found during the survey.

South Australia

The Penola area was first settled by Europeans in the 1830s and was highly regarded for sheep breeding as far back as 1836 (Jackson 1981:4). In 1850 the Scotsman Alexander Cameron applied formally for a lease of 80 acres to establish a private township to be called Penola. By 1852 Penola consisted of one hotel, one store, a blacksmith shop and four slab huts, with the local stringy bark trees provided building materials (Jackson 1981:4, Balnaves 1990:22). There was substantial growth in the town over the next 25 years and many of the major public buildings and institutions in the town were established during this period.

The gold rush, which began in the mid 1850s, considerably influenced the economy of Penola. As one of the main routes to the goldfields was through Penola, the town underwent considerable growth and there was a great demand for horses and cattle which led ultimately to property improvement and better stock breeding (Balnaves 1990:5).

John Riddoch, another Scotsman, is the man who is considered to have influenced the direction of the development of Penola. He purchased Yallum Park station in 1861 whereupon he built the large sandstone mansion ‘Yallum Park’ in 1880. John Riddoch’s daughter Mary, was married from Yallum in 1902 to Robert Rymill, the oldest son of Frank Rymill, who had bought the adjoining property, Old Penola Station, in 1899. It is said that John Riddoch’s greatest achievement was the development of the ‘Coonawarra Fruit Colony’ venture. Riddoch went on to build the first winery at Coonawarra (now owned by Wynns), where the first vintage was crushed and processed in 1898 (Jackson 1981:49).

A number of other well-known names are associated with Penola including the well-known poets Adam Lindsay Gordon (who was a police officer at Penola for nine months in 1855), Will Ogilvie and John Shaw Nielson (who was born at Penola in 1872). Mother Mary MacKillop, who has recently been recognised by the Pope as having led a life of heroic virtue, is also associated with Penola.

While there are numerous places on the State Heritage Register within the township of Penola itself, there are no sites on the database that are located within the study area itself, nor are there any sites on the Register of the National Estate on or adjacent to the proposed alignment.

No non-Indigenous heritage sites were found during the surveys of the route conducted by archaeologist Vivienne Wood on 8 and 9 October and 14 November 2004.

Potential Impacts

The following activities have the potential to impact historical heritage values within close proximity to the pipeline: creation of construction access clear-and-grade operations trenching, and horizontal directional drilling.

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Impacts to historical heritage are not considered likely. There were no items of historical heritage significance identified on or near the route, and the majority of items of historical heritage significance are readily identifiable; sites such as buildings, structures and cemeteries. As such, unintentional damage is less likely than for indigenous heritage items.

Items of historical heritage significance are protected under the Victorian Heritage Act 1995 and the South Australian Heritage Act 1993.

Impact Mitigation

To avoid impacts to historical heritage, Origin will: complete the heritage survey of the final alignment prior to construction to identify any heritage sites in areas not currently surveyed install flagging, protective fencing or erosion control measures to protect any sites detected near the easement which will not be directly affected by construction in the unlikely case that sites are detected on the alignment and cannot be avoided, obtain appropriate authorisation for unavoidable site disturbances necessary to permit the construction of the pipeline include basic instruction for historical heritage site identification and protection in the induction course. 5.6 Emissions

5.6.1 Noise

Existing Environment

The existing noise environment in the region is generally typical of rural areas, with generally low levels of background noise dominated by natural sources (e.g. frogs and crickets) and intermittent noise from vehicular traffic, agriculture and forestry activities. The area is not densely settled, with only two residences within 80-120 m of the alignment and approximately six residences between 300 m and 600 m from the alignment.

At Katnook and Ladbroke Grove, the noise environment is dominated by the operation of the Ladbroke Grove Power Station and gas compression and processing operations at the Katnook Gas Plant. The nearest residence is approximately 1100 m from Ladbroke Grove. Noise levels at this and other nearby residences have been measured at approximately 30 – 35 dB(A) depending on turbine loading and meteorological conditions (Bassett 2000, Sonus 2004). Recent estimates under varying load have indicated that noise levels at nearby residences attributable to the power station may reach 37 dB(A) under worst-case loading and meteorological conditions, but these were confounded by high background noise contributions from frogs and crickets of 40 – 50 dB(A) (Sonus 2004).

Potential Impacts

Construction

Pipeline construction activity will result in a temporary increase in noise levels within the immediate vicinity of the alignment, associated with the operation of vehicles and equipment such as excavators, graders, bulldozers and boring equipment. However, this impact is expected to be of short duration and intensity. Blasting is extremely unlikely to be carried out.

The Victorian EPA publication TG302/92 (Noise Control Guidelines) provides guidance for acceptable noise levels from construction sites near residential premises. Under these Guidelines typical daytime hours for undertaking noisy construction site activities are considered to be 0700 – 1800 Mondays to Fridays and 0700 – 1300 hours on Saturdays. In South Australia, noisy construction activities at stationary and long-term work sites near residential areas is

55 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR permitted between 7.00am and 7.00pm, Monday to Saturday and between 9.00am and 7.00pm on Sunday (EPA Information 425/04 Sheet Construction Noise – October 2004).

It should be noted that these noise guidelines have been developed to be applicable to stationary and longer term work sites, and are not the most suitable requirement for pipeline construction projects which tend to move rapidly past any given location (with the construction front moving at 2 km per day or more). Pipeline construction activities may occur outside these times in order to reduce the length of time the construction phase will be in any one particular area. However, as there are very few residences near the alignment, this is not expected to significantly impact the noise environment at any residences.

Operation

The normal operation of the pipeline is silent along the right of way and will not generally involve significant noise impact. Once the pipeline has been constructed and commissioned there should not be any requirement for the movement of large plant or equipment on the pipeline corridor (except in an emergency) and noise levels along the easement will return to pre-existing levels.

Continuous noise will be emitted at the meter station and gas delivery station as a result of pressure reduction within the pipe work. Resulting noise levels from such stations are typically less than 30 dB(A) within a few hundred metres of the source. The location of the stations at sufficient distances from nearby residences and noise attenuation (if required) will ensure that resultant noise levels at nearby residences meet the EPA requirements outlined below.

In an emergency high pressure gas venting may occur at the meter station, the gas delivery station or at the site of a pipeline rupture.

Victorian EPA Publication N3/89 (Interim Guidelines for Control of Noise from industry in country Victoria) provides guidance for acceptable noise limits in provincial rural areas. Table 5-5 presents noise guidelines for areas where background sound levels are very low (i.e. less than 25 dB(A) at night or 30 dB(A) during the day or evening period).

Table 5-5: EPA Guidelines for Noise from Industry – Country Victoria

Period Noise Guideline

Day 45 dB(A) Evening 37dB(A) Night 32 dB(A) Measured at residential premises

While acceptable daytime noise levels are higher, the night-time level of 32 dB(A) will be used as the design criterion as the Poolaijelo metering station will operate 24 hours a day and so must meet the more stringent night-time requirements.

Noise from industrial premises in South Australia is controlled by the Environment Protection (Industrial Noise) Policy 1994. This states that the allowable noise level is the maximum of: 5 dB(A) greater than the background noise level the maximum allowable noise level scheduled for the particular area.

In rural areas, the maximum allowable noise level under the policy is 47 dB(A) in the daytime, and 40 dB(A) at night (10 pm – 7 am). Maximum allowable levels for other land uses are higher. Because the policy is used to assess noise from existing situations and is not strictly applicable for planning new developments, the EPA suggests that an environmental noise design criterion of 5 dB(A) lower than the noise level set out in the policy be used for assessing environmental noise

56 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR in a planning context. This results in a rural planning criterion of 35 dB(A) which will be adopted for design of the gas delivery station at Katnook and Ladbroke Grove.

Impact Mitigation

To mitigate potential noise impacts, Origin will: schedule normal construction near residences in accordance with respective state EPA recommendations as far as practicable (for South Australia, EPA Information Sheet 425/04; for Victoria, EPA publication TG302/92) where practicable, restrict noisy activities to normal working hours consult with local residents when unavoidable out-of-hours work is required select appropriate equipment fit and maintain appropriate mufflers on earth-moving equipment and other vehicles on the site use drilling equipment with noise ratings suitable for use on public roads undertake assessment of noise emissions from pressure reduction and meter stations and locate and design these accordingly to meet EPA noise criteria.

5.6.2 Air Quality

Existing Environment

The air quality in the vicinity of the right of way is expected to be typical of a rural environment and influenced by a range of activities such as: Dust from forestry and agricultural activities including ploughing, harvesting, stock and vehicle movements Seed, pollen and smoke from forestry, farm and domestic activities Vehicle and equipment exhaust fumes.

Potential Impacts

Atmospheric dust will be the main component of air emissions during the construction phase of the proposed development, principally from clearing and grading, trenching, backfill and reinstatement and vehicle movement. The impacts of dust generation will be short term.

Other minor sources of air emissions include exhaust fumes from earthmoving and transport equipment. However, these sources are likely to be negligible in the context of existing farming, transport and residential land uses of the Project area. No measurable impact is likely.

Once the proposed development is in its operational phase, the impact on air quality during operations is expected to be negligible. Minor emissions from the pipeline are likely at the metering station or gas delivery station during maintenance operations. Minor dust generation from light vehicles and activities associated with the maintenance and monitoring of the pipeline will also occur.

Minor gas emissions from mainline valves at the metering station or gas delivery station will occur during remote valve operation, as gas pressure is used to drive the valve actuators. The valves are only operated in the event of damage or programmed maintenance. Minor emissions from scraper stations will occur during loading and removal of the pipe pig, which would normally occur once every ten to fifteen years during intelligent pigging.

Fugitive emissions are extremely low from pipeline operations. As discussed in Section 5.8.4, the risk of pipeline ruptures or leaks is also extremely low. As such, air emissions associated with such events are unlikely.

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Impact Mitigation

To minimise the impacts, the mitigation measures shall include the following: minimise the extent and period of exposed soil surfaces use of water trucks and sprayers to dampen down the soil during construction rehabilitate exposed surfaces as rapidly as practicable lay blue stone aggregate in the above ground facilities where appropriate to reduce dust keep all construction vehicles and equipment well maintained and comply with vehicle emission standards monitor operations to ensure compliance with design requirements implement a program of regular monitoring, inspection and maintenance during operations to prevent pipeline rupture and reduce the occurrence of minor leaks from pipeline infrastructure.

5.6.3 Greenhouse Gas

During pipeline construction greenhouse gases will be emitted by transport (namely light vehicle and pipeline trucks) and the use of construction machinery and equipment. Greenhouse gases emitted during the pipeline operations would predominantly arise from very small amounts of natural gas (namely methane) venting during routine maintenance.

The quantity of greenhouse gases emitted during all these activities is considered to be very small and will not have a significant greenhouse impact.

The gas transmitted through the pipeline will replace an existing supply of natural gas, and consumption of this gas does not represent an increase in greenhouse gas production. The Ladbroke Grove Power Station will be able to continue operation as a gas fired power facility through the use of natural gas, which can substitute for more greenhouse intensive fossil fuels such as coal in coal-fired power stations and thus may contribute to minimising greenhouse gas emissions. The conversion of the Ladbroke Grove Power Station from local gas with high inerts content (approximately 35% CO2) to sales quality gas will also result in an estimated reduction of 0.28 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per MWh. 5.7 Land Use

5.7.1 Existing Environment

Agriculture and forestry are the major land uses in the region. Plantation forestry dominates along the Victorian section of the proposed pipeline route and large plantations of Tasmanian Blue Gums and pine trees are present. Ten landowners are present along the preferred alignment in Victoria, with the majority (six) being forestry holdings. The route traverses three farming properties and Glenelg Shire owns one strip of land crossed by the route.

The South Australian section of the route passes through some pine plantation forestry areas near the border (KP 21.5 to 26.0) but the bulk of the route traverses agricultural land. Dryland grazing with some cropping is the dominant agricultural activity and irrigated dairy farming also occurs near the proposed pipeline. Some landowners have indicated a possibility of introducing centre-pivot irrigation in the future in paddocks traversed by the pipeline. The extensive viticultural areas of the Coonawarra lie to the north of the route. There are recent and proposed grapevine plantings in the vicinity of the route near Penola but the route does not traverse any areas currently planted to vines. There are 20 landowners on the preferred route in South Australia.

Table 5-6 shows the land use zoning and areas of special significance outlined in Planning Schemes (Vic) and Development Plans (SA) along the pipeline route.

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Table 5-6: Planning Scheme and Development Plan Areas on the Pipeline Route

State Shire / Zone or Name Description Council Overlay

Vic West RUZ Rural Zone Extensive animal husbandry (including dairying and grazing) and Wimmera crop raising (including horticulture and timber production). Shire Council ES02 Environmental Red-tailed Black Cockatoo habitat areas. Permit required to Significance remove, destroy or lop any hollow or hollow bearing dead Overlay eucalypt trees with diameter 60 cm or greater. Schedule 2 Covers the entire Victorian section of the route. SA Wattle Range PIn2 Primary Industry Horticulture, commercial forestry, viticulture and general Council 2 Zone farming on large property holdings

There are no conservation reserves on the route. The closest is Dergholm State Park, located approximately 1.2 km east of the start of the pipeline near Poolaijelo in Victoria. In South Australia, the route is adjacent to a property protected by a Heritage Agreement under the Native Vegetation Act. The pipeline will be located on the opposite side of Penola-Dorodong Road to this property and it will not be impacted.

There are no sites listed on the Register of the National Estate on or near the proposed route.

5.7.2 Potential Impacts

Pipeline construction has the potential to temporarily disrupt land use activities as a result of the disturbance of land on the right-of-way and the presence of vehicles and machinery. In particular the following construction activities have the potential to affect land use activities within the Project area: construction access earthworks welding materials transport and storage the storage and handling of small quantities of fuel and chemicals.

The potential impacts on land use as a result of pipeline construction activity include: temporary loss of land utilisation for cropping/grazing temporary loss of agricultural produce/crop reduction in long-term productivity due to soil compaction, inversion, contamination or erosion introduction, spread or colonisation of weeds, pathogens and/or agricultural diseases restriction in stock movement and possible stress to livestock impeded property access wildfire from welding activities increase in local traffic numbers and use of roads (see Section 5.8.3).

These impacts can be successfully managed to avoid significant impact. Aside from the construction of above ground infrastructure, such as metering stations, these impacts are generally temporary in nature and cease once the construction phase of the Project has been completed and the easement has been rehabilitated. However, poor soil management or the introduction of weeds and diseases can impair long-term productivity.

Weeds, pathogens and agricultural diseases of potential concern include: Phytophthora. This dieback causing fungus could be introduced into plantations or native vegetation if equipment or machinery operating in infected areas are brought onto the site without appropriate washdown. There are no known infected areas within the Project region.

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Phylloxera. The risk of transfer of this insect pest of grapevines is negligible as there are no vineyards on the pipeline route and construction machinery is not likely to be at risk of transferring Phylloxera (i.e. not likely to have been operating in vineyards immediately prior to Project commencement). Ovine/Bovine Johne’s Disease (OJD or BJD). The risk of transfer throughout the study area is negligible as there are no known outbreaks in the area from which the disease could spread.

A small infestation (less than 5 m2 in area) of the noxious weed Paterson’s Curse (Echium plantagineum) occurs on the alignment in a plantation firebreak (KP 4.3). This weed is classified as regionally controlled, meaning that reasonable measures must be taken to control and prevent its spread.

Following ecological survey and landholder consultation, no agricultural diseases or weed infestations of a high level of concern have been identified on the route to date. Consultation with landowners and regional land management officers will be ongoing to ensure that any such issues are detected and managed appropriately. Weeds of ecological significance are discussed further in Section 5.4.

The operation of the gas pipeline will generally not impact existing land use, as the pipeline will be buried and the construction corridor rehabilitated to as near as practicable to the pre- construction state. Existing land use activities will generally not be restricted over the pipeline except for those that will potentially cause harm to the pipeline or the public (for example, water bore installation, blasting, fence post installation, deep ripping in areas where it has not been specifically approved and planned for and planting of deep rooted plants such as blue gums or pines). Development over the pipeline (e.g. sheds or houses) will generally not be allowed and future plantings of vineyards will need to consult Origin and take into account the location of the pipeline.

5.7.3 Impact Mitigation

The final pipeline route and construction methods for key areas (e.g. vehicle and stock access routes) will be selected in consultation with landowners, in order to minimise disturbance to farming and forestry activities. Origin has voluntarily adopted the APIA/VFF Pipeline Easement Guidelines to ensure impacts to land use and landowners are appropriately managed and minimised.

To mitigate potential impacts to land use during the construction and operation of the pipeline, Origin will: enter into formal easement agreements outlining the legal responsibilities of both Origin and the landowner work closely with landowners and managers to minimise conflict with existing land use activities where possible, avoid construction activities during key periods (e.g. peak lambing periods) or, if not practicable, consult with landholders to coordinate activities such as lambing beyond proposed construction paddocks implement appropriate quarantine measures and weed, pest and disease control and management protocols during construction and operations, in consultation with landowners and relevant management authorities. These will include: washdown / decontamination of vehicles and machinery before Project commencement decontamination and certification of any machinery at risk of Phylloxera transfer (i.e. if operated in a vineyard within two weeks prior to Project commencement) screening of imported material (e.g. padding) or extraction sites for weeds and pathogens not grading topsoil over property boundaries implementing hygiene procedures (e.g. washdown) at property boundaries if required post-construction weed control if required

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rehabilitate the construction right-of-way in consultation with landholders implement appropriate erosion and sediment control measures develop and implement appropriate traffic management procedures ensure fire prevention and response equipment is present on-site for relevant activities (e.g. welding) consult Country Fire Authority/Service and obtain relevant permits to work on fire ban days consult Country Fire Authority/Service and other emergency service agencies to develop alternative summer fire access response plans to be applied when existing fire access trails in forestry areas are being used.

The cost of potential impacts for landholders (e.g. loss of production on the easement) will be compensated by Origin. Origin will also undertake and fund pasture and crop reinstatement and restoration. 5.8 Other Issues

5.8.1 Socio-econonic

The proposed pipeline route runs through two local government municipalities: West Wimmera Shire, Victoria and Wattle Range Council, South Australia. The major regional industries are agriculture, viticulture, horticulture, forestry, natural gas production and tourism.

Penola is the major town in the region of the proposed pipeline route and is located approximately 390 km south of Adelaide and 424 km west of Melbourne, in the east of the Wattle Range Council area. Penola has a population of approximately 1250 people.

Potential impacts on the community are likely to be short-term and minimal. The broader community will most likely benefit both directly and indirectly due to local expenditure during construction. The construction workforce will be housed in local motels or caravan parks if possible, although it may be necessary to establish a construction camp if sufficient accommodation is not available.

There are likely to be local employment opportunities during both construction and operation of the pipeline, while in broader terms the Project enhances security of gas supply to the south east region of South Australia and provides significant capacity for growth in local gas demand.

Once the pipeline is operational there will be no significant adverse social impacts.

5.8.2 Visual Amenity

Buried pipelines, by their very nature, have a low level of impact on visual amenity. Generally this is restricted to short term disturbances associated with construction earthworks and localised impacts associated with the presence of above ground facilities. Origin is confident that with the application of appropriate design and mitigation strategies, there will be no significant long term impacts to the visual amenity of the Project area.

The majority of the pipeline corridor is considered to have low visual sensitivity as it is removed from general viewing, or already has been significantly modified by development (such as vegetation clearing, plantation forestry and infrastructure and roads). Agricultural and forestry activities dominate the pipeline corridor.

Potential Impacts

Potential impacts to visual amenity are generally described as a visual or aesthetic disturbance to landholders, residents and tourists, where the Project may be perceived to contrast significantly with existing landscape settings and aesthetic values.

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The following Project activities have the potential to affect the visual attributes of the Project area: vegetation clearing and earthworks during construction the success of easement reinstatement and rehabilitation works the presence of above ground facilities.

The construction of the pipeline will result in minor and short term disturbance to the visual amenity of the local environment. Key issues include the potential to create new breaks in vegetation corridors, line-of-sight along the linear easement and the presence of construction vehicles, equipment and stockpiles. As outlined below, all such issues can be avoided or successfully mitigated.

The bare appearance of the easement after construction and prior to revegetation will create local short term reduction to visual amenity in areas accessible to the public. However this is temporary and considered to be of low potential impact. In areas where the route follows cleared firebreaks it will be consistent with the current appearance of these firebreaks. There will be no substantial, significant or long-term change to the aesthetic appearance of the natural environs associated with the pipeline route due to rehabilitation measures post construction.

During operations, cleared gaps in trees and shrubs may be maintained to allow access for pipeline inspection and maintenance. The corridor has been selected to minimise vegetation and fragmentation of vegetation corridors, therefore the potential impacts will be minimal.

Above ground facilities such as the meter stations and marker signs will impact local amenity in a more permanent manner. Mitigation measures, associated with site selection and screening are expected to reduce the potential impact to acceptable level. Pipeline markers, which are designed to be seen, will not result in a significant visual impact.

Mitigation Measures

To reduce the effects of the pipeline on visual amenity, Origin will: select the alignment to: avoid areas of high visual impact reduce the line of sight clearances along the easement in areas of high sensitivity minimise the extent of vegetation clearing stockpile material and equipment in areas away from general public view, where practicable maintain all working areas in a neat and orderly manner adopt appropriate waste management practices restore, reinstate and rehabilitate the easement as soon as practicable following backfill plant screening vegetation around above ground infrastructure, where necessary use suitable paint colours on above-ground facilities where appropriate.

5.8.3 Third-party Infrastructure

Impacts to third party infrastructure can be mitigated through careful pre-construction planning and appropriate consultation with relevant regulatory authorities, public utility service companies and landholders. With adequate management the following impacts can be prevented: disruption or damage to road and other transport infrastructure or networks disruption or damage to utility services disruption or damage to private third party property.

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Existing Environment

Transport Networks

The existing road network will be used wherever practicable as access to the easement and associated pipeline construction sites and for moving equipment and personnel.

The SESA pipeline corridor will cross a number of roads, ranging from main roads to secondary, minor and local roads (both sealed and unsealed) and farm access tracks. Many of these roads and tracks will also be used for access to the pipeline corridor by vehicles associated with pipeline construction activities.

It is planned that all main highways will be crossed by boring. Dependent on usage and other considerations such as environmental or safety, other roads will be crossed using standard open cut construction techniques. Details of each road crossing on the pipeline easement are provided in Table 5-7.

Table 5-7: Road Crossings on the SESA Pipeline Route

Road Name Road Surface Method of Crossing KP Hennigs Road Sealed Open cut 0 Rippons Road Sealed Open cut 11.3 Dorodong – Comaum Road Unsealed Open cut 15.4 Waterloo Road Unsealed Open cut 18.1 Penola – Dorodong Road Sealed Bored 18.3, 23.5, 26.0 Unnamed lane Unsealed / undeveloped Open cut 30.5 Shepherds Lane Unsealed Open cut 31.7 Penola – Casterton Road (Robert Rymill Drive) Sealed Bored 33.3 Riddoch Highway (Penola-Mount Gambier Road) Sealed Bored 36.7 Miller Road Unsealed Open cut 42.8 Argyle Road Unsealed Open cut 44.3

The corridor also crosses the Wolseley – Mount Gambier Railway (KP 41.6). At this crossing the pipeline will be installed below the railway with a minimum two metres of cover by boring or HDD.

Gas Pipelines

Gathering lines from the Katnook gas wells to the Katnook plant will be crossed in the vicinity of the gas plant.

Telecommunications

The installation of telecommunication cables and associated infrastructure has increased dramatically over the preceding five-year period, primarily due to the increase in demand for improved and expanded communication capacity and coverage to regional and isolated centres. This expansion has occurred over a large scale across Australia, and as a result, any new linear Project is likely to cross or to be within close proximity to a number of telecommunication cables.

Aside from regular private residential housing cables and infrastructure, the pipeline will be within close proximity to one telecommunications cable, and will cross several other cables.

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Water Utilities

The pipeline will cross residential and irrigation water pipes at various locations.

Power

The pipeline corridor will cross several high-voltage powerlines 11 – 33 kV in capacity. The pipeline will be constructed parallel to an 11 kV single wire earth return (SWER) line from KP 9 to 10, KP 11.5 to 11.7 and KP 13.9 to 20.3.

Private Property

A variety of private infrastructure is present on or near the pipeline alignment. Common types include gates, fences, sheds and dams.

Potential Impacts

Transport Networks

The following Project activities may disrupt or damage transport networks: use of roads during construction by extendable semi trailers delivering stockpiles of pipe to worksites use of roads by low loaders mobilising construction equipment between worksites transporting of construction personnel to worksites open cut crossings of unsealed roads pipeline surveillance and maintenance activities.

With adequate management the following potential impacts to the transport network can be avoided or adequately managed: loss of road integrity localised traffic congestion or disruptions.

During construction it is estimated that up to 2600 pipe sections will be delivered to various locations along the easement. Based on this requirement, it has been estimated that approximately 200 deliveries will be required for the SESA Pipeline, transported by extendable semi trailers. Impacts of pipe and equipment transportation during the construction period include slow moving traffic on roads and subsequent disturbance to local traffic and motorists.

It is anticipated that there may be some localised traffic disruptions associated with road crossings as standard open cut road-crossings can typically take up to six hours.

Heavy vehicle and equipment movement may result in localised damage to the integrity of the road pavement or surface (that is through wear-and-tear). Boring beneath sealed roads will not cause damage to road integrity.

Inspection of the easement will be required during pipeline operations. However, it is expected that inspections will be undertaken by four wheel drive vehicles and by aerial inspection. Impacts to roads or traffic conditions are considered negligible.

Public Utilities

The SESA Pipeline will not result in significant impacts to public utility services. Utilities will be identified prior to construction and incorporated into construction line lists and appropriately flagged, earthed, protected and avoided during construction. Should the construction of the pipeline perforate, rupture or incise cables, pipes or other utility infrastructure, short term disruptions to services such as electricity, water and telecommunication networks may occur.

Utility infrastructure may also pose safety risks to personnel during construction, in particular induced current and direct contact with ‘live’ wires arising from placement and movement of

64 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR construction equipment and large metal objects in parallel and close proximity to power lines. Arcing between transmission lines and construction plant equipment and vehicles may also occur if required separation distances are violated.

Private Property

Impacts to private property will be necessary as part of the normal construction process, but will occur with the prior knowledge and approval of the landholder. Such impacts include cutting fences and installing temporary gates, and modifications to existing gates or driveways. Damage will be avoided where practicable and made good on Project completion if unavoidable.

Mitigation Measures

Transport

To reduce the effects of transport network disturbances, Origin will implement the following mitigation measures: plan equipment and material transport routes and storage areas in consultation with local and state authorities to minimise disruption to residents and industry deliver Project related equipment during daylight hours, where practicable implement a traffic safety management plan reinstate open cut roads to the satisfaction of the local authorities address any damage caused to roads or bridges caused by construction or associated activities where practicable, use shuttle buses to transport personnel to worksites install temporary gates across easements at all roads to reduce illegal entry.

Public Utilities

To reduce the effects of disturbances to public utilities, Origin will: maintain close liaison with utility companies to identify existing overhead and buried cables, lines, pipes and water mains obtain standard clearance for services from various authorities incorporate services onto “line lists” (see Section 6.2.9) use preventative flagging to mark the location of services and infrastructure appropriately earth equipment and pipe at established intervals where possible, cross transmission easements at or near 90 degrees and well away from structures.

Private Property

To reduce impacts to private property, Origin will: maintain close liaison with all affected landowners appropriately note agreed impacts or modifications on the line list obtain pre-construction agreement on the type and extent of impact to occur obtain pre-construction agreement regarding strategies and responsibilities for rectification of, or compensation for, damage.

5.8.4 Public Safety and Risk

Pipelines are recognised as a safe and efficient means of transporting natural gas. However, all developments present some level of risk.

A detailed risk assessment will be carried out in accordance with AS 2885.1 and will result in the application of a combination of physical and procedural measures to ensure that the pipeline design, construction, operation and maintenance and management meet appropriate safety standards.

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The risk assessment will involve the identification of all credible threats to the pipeline at all locations along its length. A credible threat to the pipeline can be assumed to include any element which can plausibly cause pipeline failure, including threats due to location (including crossing and land use segments) and general threats common to the entire system (for example, corrosion). The location analysis will consider land use related activities (for example, irrigated grazing, forestry, heavy industrial, vineyards, recreation) and crossing segments (for example, main sealed roads, rail crossings, utilities and waterways).

All identified threats presenting an unacceptable level of risk will be mitigated through the adoption of the requirements under AS2885.1. Mitigation considers threats due to external interference (deliberate and accidental) as well as threats due to unsatisfactory design, construction, materials and operations. Threats due to natural events such as erosion and lightning are also considered.

The protection methods available to Origin are broadly described in Table 5-8.

Table 5-8: Pipeline Protection Safety Measures

Methods Measures Description

Physical Burial The entire pipeline will be buried at depth in accordance with AS2885.1. Measure Barrier/Slab Crash barriers and concrete slabs will be adopted where risks are not sufficiently mitigated (e.g. within railway easements). Exclusion Fences will be installed where necessary to limit access by unauthorised personnel. Wall thickness Wall thickness is increased where higher levels of risk to pipeline integrity exists or the consequences of rupture is considered unacceptable (e.g. populous centres). Barrier to Penetration Other physical barriers may be used to protect the pipeline such as coating or encasing. Procedural Liaison – Contractors Organisations, such as councils, utility or major agriculture/community groups Measure that may present a threat to the pipeline will be contacted. Marker Signs Pipeline signs will be posted in accordance with AS 2885.1 (Clause 4.2.5.4. (a)(ii). Marker Tape Buried marker tape will be installed above the pipe in accordance with the risk assessment under AS 2885.1. Liaison – Landholders Landowners will be contacted on an ongoing basis throughout Project development, construction and operation. One-call Pipeline incorporated in a one call network for efficient processing of public inquiries and enabling an effective pipeline reporting mechanism. Patrolling Quarterly patrolling of the entire route throughout the life of the pipeline.

5.8.5 Waste Management

Relatively small amounts of domestic and industrial wastes will be generated during the construction and operation of the SESA Pipeline.

Specific mitigation and procedural measures to be adopted by Origin include: develop specific waste management strategies for each waste stream prior to the commencement of any waste producing activities, based on the principles of “Reduce, Reuse, Recycle” and appropriate disposal inform site personnel of the required waste management procedures during the workforce induction program manage hazardous wastes, such as solvents, rust proofing agents and primer, in accordance with the requirements of relevant legislation and industry standards instruct all personnel in Project waste management practices as a component of the environmental induction process

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dispose of all hydrotest water in accordance with the Construction Environmental Management Plan place a high emphasis on housekeeping and cleanliness at the site . All work areas will be maintained in a neat and orderly manner collect hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off-site for reuse, recycling, treatment or disposal at approved locations store and handle chemicals in accordance with Section 5.8.6 remove all waste material from the worksite on completion of each section of the pipeline.

5.8.6 Hazardous Storage, Spill and Emergency Response

A variety of chemicals may be required on-site for the construction of the SESA Pipeline. These include fuel, lube oils, solvents, rust proofing agents and primer. Potential impacts include contamination to soils and water resources and other environmentally sensitive values. Such impacts have been detailed in Sections 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4 respectively.

Mitigation measures undertaken by Origin to reduce the effects of hazardous substances and spill events to the environment and third parties will include: hazardous material will be securely stored and handled to ensure it cannot drain onto the ground or to watercourses or floodplains appropriate storage (e.g. bunding as per regulatory guidelines) of all fuels and hazardous materials used on-site materials and equipment required to respond to a hazardous spill will be readily available development of procedures for emergency response appropriate implementation of cleanup/spill response procedures if the event of a spill Material Safety Data Sheets will be kept for each chemical used on-site and at a location that is easily accessible 24 hrs per day all Project personnel on will be instructed on prevention, safety and response practices as a component of the environmental induction process.

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68 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 6 Environmental Management Framework

6.1 Environmental Objectives

A number of environmental objectives have been developed for this Project, based on the information and issues identified in this document. These objectives have been designed to provide a clear guide for the management of environmental issues during the construction of the pipeline. The objectives are contained in the SESA Pipeline Statement of Environmental Objectives and listed in Appendix 2. 6.2 Environmental Management System

The feasibility, planning and assessment of the SESA Pipeline has been undertaken under the Origin Energy Generation Business Unit Health Safety and Environment Management System and Origin Energy’s Health, Safety and Environment Policy (Appendix 1).

The Generation EMS is based on the principles of ISO14001: Environmental Management Systems. In addition to the EMS a number of Project specific documents will be prepared including a Construction Environmental Management Plan, the Statement of Environmental Objectives and a training, induction and auditing program. Information on these components is provided in the following sections.

6.2.1 Construction Environmental Management Plan

A Construction Environmental Management Plan (CEMP) will be developed for the construction phase of the SESA Pipeline Project. This CEMP will be consistent with the Australian Pipeline Industry Association (APIA) Code of Environmental Practice (APIA 1998) and will provide guidance on the environmental aspects and management of the environmental impacts of the Project. It will also provide a summary of legal and community requirements and the responsibilities of all levels of personnel involved with the Project.

The CEMP will include the following information: Project overview Environmental commitment Statutory requirements and environmental legislation Environmental aspects and impacts Environmental objectives Environmental responsibilities Training requirements Reporting Auditing Environmental Work Procedures Environmental Line List.

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Environmental Work Procedures

Environmental work procedures (EWP) will be contained in the CEMP. They prescribe the technical specifications and procedures for construction with relation to environmental aspects. They are designed to provide information on how specific tasks are to be carried out in a manner that minimises environmental impacts.

Environmental Line List

The Environmental Line List (ELL) details site specific environmental management requirements for construction, including the location of specific environmental features (e.g. remnant vegetation, watercourses, weed management areas, heritage sites) and associated management measures.

The ELL is derived from information collected during surveys and specialist studies of the alignment. It is used by construction personnel to identify special management areas on the alignment as work progresses and can be used to create and update alignment drawings. Requirements to check and comply with the ELL will be included in the EWPs and in the Alignment Drawings.

Associated Documentation

The CEMP will be accompanied by a number of documents which are also used for environmental management.

Alignment Sheets show the pipeline alignment with landholder, engineering and environmental information attached at the relevant KPs. They are designed to be used in the field by construction supervisors.

The alignment sheets will contain: details on engineering requirements, such as the type of pipe, degree of bend and depth of cover landholder information, which enables reference to the Property Line List environmental information, which indicates where specific management for various aspects of the environment must be carried out (e.g. narrow right-of-way, trees to be retained) and enables reference to the Environmental Line List.

The pipeline alignment and Alignment Sheets will be prepared by Origin’s surveying contractor. The construction contractor will be required to follow the requirements they specify. Approval from Origin will be required to move the pipeline centreline more than two pipe diameters from the specified location.

The Property Line List (PLL) is a database that is used to record and advise construction personnel of the landowners/occupiers requirements for matters such as access, stock management, pasture protection and soil conservation. The database is established using property title searches and easement investigations. The list contains contact information and notification details for each property or utility intersected along the route. It is regularly updated to reflect new information as it comes to hand.

Technical Drawings include details of standard and specific construction procedures and are designed by engineers based on contractual and technical requirements of building a pipeline. These drawings are distributed to the relevant construction personnel prior to the commencement of construction.

Technical drawings provide a visual interpretation of the engineering specifications, work procedures or work method statements for the Project. They include environmental considerations in the technical notes, where appropriate, and may cover a range of design aspects. For example they may provide information on typical construction situations, such as sediment fence installation, or they may address site-specific construction issues such as the

70 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR open trenching of a specific watercourse. The drawings will be cross-referenced in all of the relevant EWPs.

6.2.2 Responsibilities

Environmental management and compliance will be the responsibility of all personnel and a contractual obligation for all contractors involved with the Project.

The proposed organisation and responsibilities for personnel overseeing environmental management during construction are detailed in Table 6-1. Although it is not the current intention, one or more of these positions may be amalgamated or the responsibilities shared under a modified arrangement.

Table 6-1: Roles and Responsibilities for Pipeline Construction

Role Responsibility Origin Executive Management Licence holders. Therefore hold overall responsibility for Project and environmental management Project Director Responsible for overall implementation of EMS / CEMP Reports directly to Origin Executive Management Project Manager Directly responsible for the management of the Project, including all environmental aspects Reports directly to Origin Project Director Construction Manager Directly responsible for the overseeing and fulfilling of commitments contained in Construction Environmental Management Plan Assesses compliance with the CEMP through regular inspection Reports to the Project Manager and Project Director regarding the Project’s environmental performance and due diligence Lands Manager Field based employee responsible for landowner consultation Reports to the Construction Manager Environment Manager Oversees CEMP implementation Monitors the activities of construction contractors and assesses compliance with the CEMP Coordinates Aboriginal heritage monitors Coordinates Origin’s environmental supervision of clear-and-grade and other key activities Coordinates the monitoring and audit program Represents the Project on environmental matters with stakeholders Reports to the Project Manager and Project Director Construction Contractors Responsible for ensuring that works comply with the contractual agreements, meet regulatory requirements and that all environmental objectives contained in the contracts are attained Will be required to have a designated and appropriately experienced/qualified environmental officer Environmental Consultant(s) External auditors contracted periodically to audit the Project against the Pipeline Licence and the CEMP External consultants used in the field to provide specialist advice on specific issues on an “as needs” basis Cultural Heritage Monitors Aboriginal community representatives engaged to identify aboriginal cultural sites in nominated areas during construction and advise on site management of identified cultural sites

The overall responsibility for environmental compliance lies with Origin. Origin will maintain a high level of on-site supervision of the construction contractor and the environmental performance of potential contractors will be reviewed as part of construction tender evaluation. The construction contractor(s) and individuals will also be responsible and accountable through their conditions of employment or contract. The training of all personnel involved in the pipeline construction will ensure that each individual is aware of their environmental responsibility.

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6.2.3 Induction and Training

All personnel involved with the construction and operation of the SESA Pipeline will be required to complete environmental induction and training prior to commencing work. The objective of the training will be to provide Project personnel with the necessary training to allow them to recognise and effectively manage the environmental aspects of the Project.

The environmental training program will involve the discussion of a variety of issues including: relevant legislation and legislative requirements roles and responsibilities environmental issues for the Project, including: management of sensitive areas erosion and sediment control protection of water quality vegetation and habit management weed and pathogen control heritage management protecting existing utilities, infrastructure and the amenity of landholders traffic and access waste management emergency response Project documentation (including the CEMP, EWP, ELL, alignment sheets, technical drawings and other associated documents) incident reporting.

An environmental training register will be maintained to ensure that all personnel are trained prior to access to the Project right-of-way. All personnel will complete a training verification test, which will be reviewed and assessed by the trainer prior to signing of the training register.

6.2.4 Environmental Inspection

During construction the pipeline route and construction activities will regularly be inspected and reported upon to ensure compliance with the Construction Environmental Management Plan and other environmental requirements. Origin will have a representative on site to supervise flagging of environmental features on the ROW (e.g. trees) and clear-and-grade operations, as well as other key activities. The construction contractor environmental person will also be required to implement and inspect and report on compliance with environmental requirements.

6.2.5 Monitoring

Photographic environmental monitoring points will be installed at a number of locations along the pipeline route. Photographs will be taken at each of these sites prior to the commencement of various stages of the construction cycle and after reinstatement, to provide a visual record of the progress of construction and compliance with environmental objectives.

6.2.6 Auditing

It is proposed that two environmental audits will be undertaken during the construction of the SESA Pipeline.

The first audit will be undertaken during the first construction cycle in order to check compliance with the CEMP, the Statement of Environmental Objectives and legislative requirements. This will enable non-conformances to be identified and preventative action implemented to prevent repetition. The audit will include all work areas.

The second audit will be conducted prior to completion of reinstatement and will focus predominately on the success of reinstatement and rehabilitation activities.

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Regular audits will also be undertaken during the operation of the pipeline, with the first occurring 12 months after the completion of construction .

6.2.7 Records and Reporting

During all phases of the Project an appropriate and auditable record system will be maintained. Environmental reporting will be conducted in accordance with licence conditions.

Environmental records will include: non-conformance reports remedial actions taken following incident reports inspection reports training and induction attendance consultation records and meeting notes audit reports monitoring results.

Environmental incidents and identified instances of non-compliance will be recorded and reported on a non-conformance report proforma.

6.2.8 Preventative and Corrective Action

The purpose of the Project EMS and CEMP is to identify and manage environmental risks and impacts. This will be achieved through the elements described above. If unforeseen events or system failures occur, the CEMP will provide for prompt identification, review and response, to minimise impacts and prevent reoccurrence. Formal reporting and corrective action will include the use of non-conformance reports and corrective action requests.

6.2.9 Operations Environmental Management Plan

An Operations Environmental Management Plan (OEMP) will be developed for the operations phase of the SESA Pipeline Project. This OEMP will provide guidance on the environmental aspects and management of the environmental impacts of the Project. It will also provide a summary of legal and community requirements and the responsibilities of all levels of personnel involved with the Project.

The OEMP will be similar in structure to the CEMP but will focus on the aspects and impacts associated with the daily operation of a gas pipeline.

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74 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 7 Consultation

Origin has established a program of consultation to ensure relevant parties are provided with adequate information during Project development and implementation. Origin is actively engaging relevant stakeholders using a variety of formats and forums, including: meetings site visits telephone calls letters information brochure(s) detailed landholder information packs.

A small number of stakeholders will be directly affected and Origin intends to deal with them all individually.

Origin considers that effective consultation with stakeholders during the planning phase of a Project is essential, as it allows for early assessment of potential impacts and assists in the development of appropriate mitigation measures and further route refinement. The consultative process allows for an exchange of information and provides an opportunity to promote understanding and resolution of competing interests.

Origin is committed to maintaining effective communication and good relations with stakeholders throughout all phases of the Project, from planning to operation. 7.1 Key Stakeholders

The following stakeholders have been identified as having a direct interest in the construction and operation of the SESA Pipeline: State regulatory agencies local government landowners/occupiers and utilities operators non-government organisations Aboriginal heritage groups.

Stakeholder consultation being carried out for the SESA Pipeline is summarised in Table 7-1. Where stakeholder consultation is planned but had not been undertaken at the time of writing the entry has been left blank. Issues raised by stakeholders have been addressed within this EER/EIR where appropriate.

Table 7-1: Stakeholder Consultation

Stakeholder Category Organisation/Agency Consultation / Issues Raised Victoria Regulatory Authorities Department of Primary Industries (DPI) Ongoing liaison regarding licensing, approvals, environment, safety, risk assessment etc Department of Sustainability & Environment Ongoing liaison regarding approvals and (DSE) environmental issues/management Environment Protection Authority (EPA) Other State Government Vic Roads Office of Gas Safety

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Stakeholder Category Organisation/Agency Consultation / Issues Raised Local Government West Wimmera Shire Project, road crossings Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Watercourse crossings and permits Authority Country Fire Authority Heritage/Native Title Department for Victorian Communities – AAV Site Register, permission to conduct Aboriginal Affairs (Aboriginal Affairs Victoria) survey Kerrup-Jmara Elders Aboriginal Corporation Heritage issues & heritage survey Utility Operators SEA Gas SEA Gas connection, commercial and technical issues Powercorp Use of powerline easements Telstra Interest Groups Victorian Farmers Federation Project, landowner impacts South Australia Regulatory Authorities Department of Primary Industries & Resources Ongoing liaison regarding licensing, (PIRSA) approvals, environment, safety etc EPA State Government Depts Department for Environment & Heritage (DEH) Regional flora / fauna issues – National Parks & Wildlife Department for Environment & Heritage (DEH) Heritage Register – Heritage Branch Department of Water, Land & Biodiversity Conservation (DWLBC) – Native Vegetation Group Department of Water, Land & Biodiversity No issues identified to date; will review Conservation (DWLBC) – Water Resources EER/EIR Transport SA (Dept. Transport & Urban Awaiting response Planning) Department for Aboriginal Affairs & DAARE Heritage Database, relevant Reconciliation (DAARE) Aboriginal heritage groups to consult Other Government Wattle Range Council Project, construction on council land, road crossings etc South East Catchment Water Management Board Country Fire Service Wattle Range Animal & Plant Control Board Lower South East Soil Conservation Board Heritage/Native Title State Aboriginal Heritage Committee Relevant Aboriginal heritage groups to consult Kungari Aboriginal Association Heritage issues & heritage survey Tattyara Aboriginal Heritage Consultancy Heritage issues & heritage survey Crown Solicitor Native Title Utility Operators Epic Energy ETSA Telstra Interest Groups South Australian Farmers Federation Project, landowner impacts

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7.2 Landowners/occupiers

Landowners/occupiers on the pipeline route have been informed of the proposed Project and negotiations for easement acquisition are well advanced. Origin will continue to work closely with landowners/occupiers as the Project progresses.

A complete list of landholders on the pipeline easement is provided in Appendix 5 for regulatory approval but has been removed from the publicly available document. 7.3 Ongoing Consultation

Origin aims to directly involve stakeholders from the planning stage right through to construction to ensure that all potential concerns are identified and appropriately addressed. Stakeholder correspondence will be registered and documented to ensure that issues are appropriately addressed.

During construction a number of methods shall be employed to ensure that communications with key stakeholders are maintained. These methods shall include: signage identifying the pipeline route a 24 hour telephone contact line a complaints register and follow-up procedure landholder consultation Aboriginal heritage monitors in sensitive areas.

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78 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 8 Conclusions

This Environmental Effects Report / Environmental Impact Report has identified and assessed the relevant environmental impacts associated with the construction and operation of the proposed SESA Pipeline which will transmit gas from the SEA Gas pipeline near Poolaijelo to Origin’s Katnook gas plant and Ladbroke Grove Power Station.

Overall, the SESA Pipeline route has been selected in a manner which facilitates the conservation of remaining local intrinsic environmental values. The existing environment will not be subject to substantial or significant change and following construction, existing agricultural and forestry practices will be able to continue.

The route predominantly traverses cleared plantation firebreaks or open grazing land with scattered trees and generally avoids areas of remnant vegetation. Although some significant vegetation and fauna habitats are present adjacent to or near the pipeline route, ecological studies have confirmed that, with the implementation of appropriate management measures, the proposed pipeline construction is not likely to have a significant impact on flora and fauna values.

It is considered that potential impacts can either be avoided or successfully mitigated with the adoption of appropriate management strategies. If such strategies are effectively implemented it is expected that: there will be no off-site impact on local soils

adverse effects on water resources and ephemeral watercourse quality will be minimal and short term

there will be minimal removal of remnant native vegetation during construction and significant impacts to fauna will be avoided

impacts to cultural and non-indigenous heritage will be avoided

changes to noise levels and air quality in the local area will be minor and insignificant during construction and negligible during operations

impacts to land use will be temporary, within agreed areas and landowners will be suitably compensated for any unavoidable impact

public amenity will not be significantly affected by the construction and operation of the pipeline

disruptions to local traffic during the construction of the pipeline will be minor.

Origin has developed specific environmental objectives for the Project, and will prepare a detailed Construction Environmental Management Plan to outline the roles and responsibilities for environmental management, site specific environmental management procedures, training programs and monitoring, auditing and reporting systems.

The construction of the SESA Pipeline is essential to provide continued gas delivery to Katnook and Ladbroke Grove and ensure continuity of supply in the region. Origin firmly believes that the environmental impact of the Project can be appropriately managed and is committed to ensuring that potential environmental impacts are minimised.

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80 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 9 References

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NPWC (2003). 2003 review of the status of threatened species in South Australia. Proposed schedules under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. Discussion paper. National Parks & Wildlife Council/Department of Environment& Heritage, Adelaide.

Origin Energy (2004). SESA Pipeline Statement of Environmental Objectives.

PIRSA (2001). South East Land Resource Information CD. Primary Industries and Resources, Adelaide.

Rhoads, J.W. (1992). Significant sites and non-site archaeology: a case-study from south-east Australia. World Archaeology 24(2):198-217.

Rhoads, J.W. and Bird, C.F.M. (2000). An archaeological survey of the south-west Wimmera. A report to Aboriginal Affairs Victoria, Melbourne.

Rosengren, N. (2001). Proposed pipeline route - Port Campbell to Torrens Island. Geology, geomorphology, soils, land systems. Unpublished report to Ecos Consulting (Aust).

Smith, Mrs James (1880). The Booandik Tribe of South Australian Aborigines. Government Printer, Adelaide.

Sonus (2004). Ladbroke Grove Environmental Noise Assessment. Unpublished report to Origin Energy. Sonus Pty Ltd, Adelaide.

Spreadborough, R. and Anderson, H. (1983). Victorian squatters. Register of runs. Red Rooster Press, Melbourne.

Standards Australia / Standards New Zealand (1996). AS/NZS ISO14001: 1996. Environmental management systems – Specification with guidance for use. Standards Australia, Homebush / Standards New Zealand, Wellington.

Tindale, N.B. (1974). Aboriginal tribes of Australia – their terrain, environmental controls, distribution limits and proper names. Australian National University Press, Canberra.

Twidale, C.R., Campbell, E.M. and Bourne, J.A. (1983). Granite Forms, Karst and Lunettes. In: Tyler, M.J., Twidale, C.R., Likng, J.K. and Holmes, J.W. (1983) Natural History of the South East. Royal Society of South Australia, Adelaide.

Victorian Water Resources Data Warehouse (2004). Accessed at http://www.vicwaterdata.net, October 2004.

Wood, V. (1992). An archaeological survey of the proposed Casterton – Chetwynd – Edenhope Telecom optical fibre cable. A report to Telecom Australia, Melbourne.

Wood, V. (1994). SAGASCO Haselgrove 2 – proposed gas drill site: An archaeological site inspection. A report to SAGASCO, Adelaide.

Wood, V. (1995). South East site recording project: a survey of the Aboriginal archaeological sites in South Australia, south of Kingston and Naracoorte. A report to the South East Nungas Community Organisation and the Australian Heritage Commission.

Wood, V. (1995a). An archaeological survey of the proposed Telecom optical fibre cable between Casterton- Dunrobin – Dergholm – Dorodong, western Victoria. A report to Telecom Australia, Melbourne.

Wood, V. (1995b). An archaeological survey of the proposed Telecom optical fibre cables between: 1) Edenhope – Bringalbert South; 2) Bringalbert South – Apsely – Benayeo; 3) Apsley – Bringalbert; 4) Apsley – Langkoop – Poolaijelo; 5) Edenhope – Wombelano – Douglas; and 6) Kadnook – Harrow – Balmoral, western Victoria. A report to Telecom Australia, Melbourne.

83 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Wood, V. (1996). Investigations into the Aboriginal and European cultural heritage of the proposed heavy vehicle by-pass at Penola, in the South East of South Australia. A report to Kinhill Engineers Pty Ltd And the Department of Transport, Adelaide.

Wood, V. (1997). An archaeological survey of two proposed Telstra optical fibre cables: Casterton – Lake Mundi and Mt. Richmond – Gorae West, southwestern Victoria. A report to Telstra Australia, Melbourne.

Wood, V. (2001). A study of the Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultural heritage along the proposed SEA Gas pipeline from Iona, Victoria, to Adelaide, South Australia. A report to Ecos Consulting (Aust), Adelaide.

Wood, V. (2003). An Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultural heritage study of the proposed SEAGas natural gas pipeline: Macarthur to the South Australian border, Victoria. A report to Ecos Consulting (Aust), Adelaide.

Wood, V. (2004a). An Indigenous and Non-Indigenous cultural heritage study of the proposed SESA gas pipeline between the SEA Gas pipeline near Poolaijelo in South Western Victoria, to the Ladbroke Grove gas meter station, south of Penola, South East, South Australia: Poolaijelo to the Border. Unpublished report to Ecos Consulting (Aust), Adelaide.

Wood, V. (2004b). An Indigenous and Non-Indigenous cultural heritage study of the proposed SESA gas pipeline between the SEA Gas pipeline near Poolaijelo in South Western Victoria, to the Ladbroke Grove gas meter station, south of Penola, South East, South Australia: The Victorian Border to Ladbroke Grove. Unpublished report to Ecos Consulting (Aust), Adelaide.

84 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 10 Abbreviations

ºC Degrees Centigrade % Percentage AAV Department of Aboriginal Affairs Victoria ANZECC Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council APIA Australian Pipeline Industry Association Inc bbls Barrels BOM Bureau of Meteorology CEMP Construction Environmental Management Plan CMA Catchment Management Authority DAARE Department of Aboriginal Affairs and Reconciliation (South Australia) dB(A) Decibels A-weighted DEH Department for Environment and Heritage (South Australia) DEH Department of the Environment and Heritage (Commonwealth) DPI Department of Primary Industries (Victoria) DSE Department of Sustainability and Environment (Victoria) DWLBC Department of Water, Land & Biodiversity Conservation (South Australia) EA Environment Australia (now DEH) Ecos Ecos Consulting (Aust) Pty Ltd EER Environment Effects Report EES Environmental Effects Statement EIR Environmental Impact Report prepared in accordance with Section 97 of the South Australian Petroleum Act 2000 and Regulation 10 ELL Environmental Line List EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental Management System EPA Environment Protection Authority EPBC Act Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Commonwealth) ERP Emergency Response Plan EVC Ecological Vegetation Class EWP Environmental Work Procedure FFG Act Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (Victoria) GHCMA Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Management Authority GJ Gigajoule (109 Joules) h hours ha hectares HDD Horizontal directional drilling ILUA Indigenous Land Use Agreement kg kilogram km kilometre KP Kilometre Point

85 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

kPa kilopascal kPag kilopascals gauge km/h kilometres per hour kV kilovolt kW kilowatt l litre LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas m metre m2 Square metres mg/l milligrams per litre mm millimetre MW Megawatt MWh Megawatt hour NASAA National Association for Sustainable Agriculture

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide NPW National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 (South Australia) NPWS National Parks and Wildlife Service (South Australia) NVG Native Vegetation Group (SA Department of Water, Land and Biodiversity Conservation) OEMP Operations Environmental Management Plan PEL Petroleum Exploration Licence PIRSA Primary Industries and Resources, South Australia PJ Petajoules (1015 Joules) PLL Property Line List ppm Parts per million RTU Remote Telemetry Unit ROW Right of way s Seconds SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCB Soil Conservation Board SEA Gas South East Australia Gas Pty Ltd; owners and operators of the 680 km SEA Gas high pressure natural gas transmission pipeline from Port Campbell to Adelaide SEO Statement of Environmental Objectives SMYS Specified minimum yield stress SWER Single Wire Earth Return syn. Synonymous TJ Terajoules (1012 Joules) TSA Transport SA µS/cm micro Siemens per centimetre (a unit of electrical conductivity which is used to measure salinity) VFF Victorian Farmers Federation

86 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR 11 Glossary

acid sulphate soil Soils which form when sulphate rich soils or sediment are exposed to oxygen. Drainage or other disturbance which causes oxidation results in the release of highly acidic leachates from the soil. battered Recontoured to provide a stable angle of slope. bellhole An enlarged area of trench. berms Banks of soil placed on slopes to prevent erosion. borrow pit Surface excavation for the extraction of materials such as sand or clay. bund An earth, rock or concrete wall constructed to prevent the inflow or outflow of liquids. cathodic protection Application of an electrical current to the pipeline exterior to prevent the system electrochemical process of corrosion occurring. clear-and-grade The preparation of the right of way for vehicular movement, trenching and other construction activities, involving clearing vegetation and other obstacles from the right of way, grading topsoil to the edge of the right of way, and creating a safe working surface (and slope) for construction. easement A right held by the proponent to make use of the land for the installation and operation of a pipeline. Also referred to as a right of way. fugitive emissions Substances that escape to air from a source not associated with a particular process, such as leaks from equipment. geofabric Fabric for placing on ground surfaces to minimise erosion. gathering line A pipeline used to relay raw gas, condensate or oil from a well to a processing plant. grading Levelling of the right of way using graders, backhoes and bulldozers. ground level Measured or estimated concentration of a pollutant at ground level. concentration horizontal directional One method by which a pipeline trench is drilled at a shallow angle under a crossing drilling (e.g. a stream bed, major road, railway) through which the pipe is threaded. hydrostatic testing (or A means to check the pipeline for strength and leaks prior to operation in which the hydrotesting) pipeline is filled with water and the pressure increased and monitored under controlled conditions. intelligent pig Electronic device inserted into the pipeline at regular intervals (for example, every ten years) to clean and check the integrity of the line. karst depression A depression formed by groundwater dissolving underlying limestone in regions where it is exposed at or near the surface. kilometre point The approximate distance along the proposed alignment from the beginning of the pipeline. line list A document for construction contractors which itemises the management procedures to be undertaken and which gives site specific information for field operators. lunette A crescent-shaped dune formed on the shore-line of a lake or playa (ephemeral lake) by the interaction of wind, waves and currents. odorant Mercaptans, chemicals added to the naturally odourless natural gas to give it an odour and enable detection during leaks.. mainline valves Valves located in a pipeline at intervals along its length. meter stations Facility where the flow of gas is measured, particularly where gas is to be reticulated or transferred to local gas users. Native Vegetation Council A council established under the South Australian Native Vegetation Act 1991 to assess vegetation clearance applications. off-take valve Valves located on a pipeline to allow lateral pipeline connections. padding Fine grained soil placed in the trench to protect the pipeline coating from rock damage.

87 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

pig A tool which is inserted into the pipeline and carried by the gas flow to clean the pipe wall, separate the gas, or inspect the pipeline. pipeline alignment The exact position of the pipeline (or easement) within the corridor. purging Removing all air from the pipeline, using gas. radiography Non-destructive examination of pipeline welds using X-ray to detect any defects. Ramsar wetland A Wetland of International Importance listed under the Ramsar Convention (held in Ramsar, Iran 1971). right of way A cleared area approximately 25 metres wide required to install the pipeline. Also referred to as an easement. scraper station An above ground facility used to launch and receive pigs which have been inserted into the pipeline system. shading Fine grained soil placed in the trench after the pipe has been lowered in the trench to protect the sides and top of the pipe from abrasion. shore To reinforce the sides of the trench to prevent collapse. skids Timber blocks similar to railway sleepers used to keep the pipeline off the ground. stringing Laying the pipe adjacent the pipeline trench. trench or sack breakers Sandbags placed in the trench to prevent the longitudinal flow of water, which may cause subsidence over the pipeline. trench plug Short section of trench left unexcavated to allow passage of stock or wildlife across the trench. trench spoil Soil from the pipeline trench. trench water Water (usually shallow groundwater) in the pipeline trench. turbidity Interference with the passage of light through water caused by suspended matter.

88 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Appendix 1: Origin Energy HS&E Policy

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Policy

Health, Safety & Environment Origin Energy is an integrated explorer, producer, generator, distributor and retailer that offers natural gas, electricity, LPG and related products and services. Origin’s operations span Australia, New Zealand and coun- tries in the near Pacific. This Policy applies to all of Origin’s activities.

We at Origin Energy are committed to Eliminating or managing risks and practices in our business that could cause accident, injury or illness to people, damage to property or unacceptable impacts on the environment or community. Assisting all employees to meet their Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) obligations. Contributing to the sustainable development of our communities and conducting our activities based on decisions that recognise both short and long-term economic, environmental and social considerations. Complying with relevant HSE legislation and conditions of licences under which we operate our business.

We will demonstrate this commitment by Integrating HSE management into the planning and operation of all Origin Energy businesses. Accountability for implementing this policy will be clearly defined and the principles by which we operate will be effectively communicated. Providing adequate resources, including appropriately trained, qualified and supervised personnel, to enable us, through documented systems and work procedures, to identify, manage, and control HSE risks in our business that assists in the prevention of HSE related incidents. Seeking economic ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and minimise the environmental impact of our operations while increasing the efficiency of our energy production, providing cleaner energy choices and information on how to reduce the carbon intensity of energy use, taking all viable opportunities to reduce waste and recycle materials and providing customers with information on how to use energy safely. Communicating and consulting to ensure employees, authorities, communities, customers, suppliers, contractors and other stakeholders are informed on relevant HSE issues. Employee committees and other appropriate mechanisms will ensure involvement of all personnel is possible. Measuring, monitoring and reviewing HSE performance, as part of our normal management reporting and Board review processes, ensuring that the opportunity is taken to learn from our own performance and from external developments so that we can continuously improve HSE management, with results and progress on improvement initiatives reported to our people, relevant authorities and other stakeholders. Establishing systems for the purchase, supply and contracting of goods or services that are consistent with these management principles. Applying proper incident management practice to HSE related incidents and supporting the full recovery of employees in the event of work related injury or illness through prompt treatment and active rehabilitation programs. Taking those steps necessary to minimise the impact of any environmental harm or nuisance.

ty and En fe vi a ro Grant King S n h m t Managing Director l e

a n

December 2002 e

• • M a m n te Review date December 2004 ag s ement Sy Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Appendix 2: Environmental Objectives

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Environmental Objectives

The following Environmental Objectives and Goals have been developed for the SESA Pipeline. They are taken from the SESA Pipeline Statement of Environmental Objectives.

Construction

OBJECTIVE GOAL 1. To avoid or minimise adverse 1.1 To minimise soil erosion and sedimentation as a result of pipeline impacts on soils and terrain construction 1.2 To prevent soil inversion 1.3 To mitigate soil compaction if necessary by remedial action 1.4 To mitigate impacts of exposing potential acid sulphate soils (ASS) 1.5 To reinstate soil and terrain to pre-construction contours and conditions 2. To minimise and manage impacts 2.1 To minimise short term, and prevent long-term, interruption or modification to water resources to surface drainage patterns 2.2 To minimise the amount of sediment entering surface water features 2.3 Minimise disruption to third party use of surface waters 3. To avoid land or water 3.1 To prevent spills occurring contamination 3.2 To ensure that rubbish and waste material are disposed of in an appropriate manner 3.3 To prevent adverse impacts as a result of hydrotest water, trench water and waste water (washdown water) disposal 4. To minimise adverse impacts to 4.1 To minimise and where practicable avoid clearing of remnant vegetation vegetation and fauna 4.2 To minimise disturbance to fauna 4.3 To appropriately rehabilitate the easement to pre-construction condition, as reasonably practical 5. To avoid the introduction or 5.1 To avoid the spread of environmental/proclaimed weeds and animal and dispersal of weeds and pathogens plant pathogens and undertake control where required 6. To minimise and manage impacts 6.1 To ensure that identified heritage sites are not disturbed, including to heritage sites and values during archaeological heritage, built heritage and culturally significant vegetation construction 7. To minimise noise due to 7.1 To minimise noise impacts associated with the movement and operation of construction construction vehicles and equipment 8. To minimise atmospheric 8.1 To minimise the generation of dust emissions 9. To minimise disturbance to third 9.1 To minimise disturbance or damage to infrastructure / land use and party infrastructure, landholders remediate where disturbance cannot be avoided and land use 9.2 To minimise disturbance to landholders 9.3 To appropriately reinstate and rehabilitate the easement to allow continuation of current land use activities post-construction 10. To minimise the risk to public 10.1 To adequately protect public safety during construction health and safety 10.2 To avoid fires associated with pipeline construction activities

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Operation

OBJECTIVE GOAL 11. To maintain soil stability / 11.1 To remediate erosion or subsidence as a result of pipeline operations in a integrity on the easement timely manner 11.2 To prevent soil inversion 11.3 To mitigate soil compaction if necessary by remedial action 12. To minimise and manage 12.1 To maintain current surface drainage patterns impacts to water resources 12.2 Minimise disruption to third party use of surface waters 13. To avoid land or water 13.1 To prevent spills occurring, and if they occur minimise their impact contamination 13.2 To ensure that rubbish and waste material are disposed of in an appropriate manner 13.3 To prevent impacts as a result of hydrotest water, trench water and waste water (washdown water) disposal 14. To promote and maintain native 14.1 To promote and maintain regrowth in native vegetation areas on the vegetation cover on the easement easement to be consistent with surrounding area 14.2 To minimise additional clearing of native vegetation as part of operational activities 14.3 To ensure maintenance activities are planned and conducted in a manner that minimises impacts on native fauna 15. To prevent the spread of weeds 15.1 To ensure that weeds and pathogens are controlled at a level that is at least and pathogens consistent with adjacent land 16. To adequately protect heritage 16.1 To ensure that identified heritage sites are not disturbed sites and values during operations and maintenance 17. To minimise noise due to 17.1 To ensure operations comply with noise standards operations 18. To minimise atmospheric 18.1 To eliminate uncontrolled atmospheric emissions emissions 18.2 To minimise the generation of dust 19. To avoid unnecessary 19.1 To minimise disturbance or damage to infrastructure / land use and disturbance to third party remediate where disturbance cannot be avoided infrastructure, landholders or landuse 19.2 To minimise disturbance to landholders 20. To minimise the risk to public 20.1 To adequately protect public safety health and safety 20.2 To avoid fires associated with pipeline maintenance activities 20.3 To prevent unauthorised activity on the easement that may adversely impact on the pipeline integrity

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Appendix 3: Summary of Potential Environmental Impacts from Construction and Operation Activities

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRIMARY IMPACTS & EIR REFERENCE *

EMISSIONS SOIL WATER RESOURCES FLORA & FAUNA CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDUSE / LANDHOLDERS PUBLIC RISK & SAFETY # ACTIVITY WHAT IS DONE SIZE FREQUENCY / DURATION (Air & Noise) (Section 5.2) (Section 5.3) (Section 5.4) (Section 5.5) (Section 5.7) (Section 5.8.5) (Section 5.6) Construction 1 Access Access to ROW and work sites via roads and Entire length of ROW. Vehicle movements will Soil compaction is not considered none Access will involve minimal none Minor air and noise emissions will Impacts to landuse are limited to Access to the construction ROW tracks as well as the construction ROW. Existing access roads and predominantly be related to a major issue as formed tracks vegetation removal as existig be associated with construction the construction ROW and agreed does not impact on public safety. tracks will be used wherever daily personnel movements to are generally used and access is tracks or previously cleared areas vehicles. Emissions will be limited access or workspace. Origin will use public roads but possible and all project and from the ROW & short term. Any compacted areas will be utilised where possible. to the immediate vicinity of the Fences will be cut and temporary these vehicles create no greater related movements will be deliveries. In general, major not required for future access by Where possible, trees and activity. gates installed to allow risk than other vehicles on the restricted to approved access construction vehicles and landholders will be ripped or vegetation will be trimmed rather temporary access. roads. tracks and the ROW. equipment will remain on the scarified to remediate than removed. Any impacts to landholders and ROW for the duration of compaction. Construction vehicles accessing land use are generally restricted construction. the site have the potential for to the duration of the occasional road kill (stock or construction activity. native animals).

2 Survey Once the preferred pipeline route has been Occurs along the entire Depending on the property Access to the pipeline corridor none Construction vehicles have the none Minor air and noise emissions will Construction vehicles have the none determined, then the centreline is surveyed. length of ROW, but generally size, survey should be will occur via existing tracks or potential to spread be associated with construction potential to spread This involves survey vehicles being driven only at one location / completed within on day on over cleared paddocks and not on weeds/diseases, although there is vehicles. Emissions will be limited weeds/diseases. Origin will along the pipeline route and the installation property at any given time. each property. a continuous basis. little intact vegetation on the to the immediate vicinity of the impement control measures to of markers (pegs) to identify the pipeline route that could be impacted. activity. ensure that this risk is minimised route and ROW. Origin will impement control (refer Section 5.7.3). No weeds measures to ensure that this risk or diseases of significant concern 3 Fencing Fences are severed and replaced with Depending on the property Access to the pipeline corridor none is minimised (refer Section 5.7.3). none Minor air and noise emissions will have been identified to date. none construction gates. This involves the fencing size, fencing should be will only occur via existig tracks Construction vehicles accessing be associated with construction Construction vehicles accessing crew and associated vehicles being driven completed within on day on or over cleared paddocks and not the site have the potential for vehicles. Emissions will be limited the site have the potential for along the surveyed pipeline route and each property. on a continuous basis. occasional road kill (stock or to the immediate vicinity of the occasional road kill (stock or associated access tracks. native animals). activity. native animals). 4 Clear & Grade Graders and bulldozers are used to clear the Occurs along the entire An average construction Topsoil and subsoil are disturbed Temporary disturbance to surface Vegetation clearance will be No known sites on the route. Temporary minor impacts from Short term access to land May be undertaken on or ROW of vegetation and topsoil ready for length of ROW, but activity speed is 3km per day. by clear and grade. There is the drainage patterns over the ROW limited to the ROW and There is limited potential for dust generation, vehicle emissions required which will cause adjacent to roadsides but unlikely construction to commence. Vegetation and generally only occurs in one However, there may be potential for loss of topsoil, soil for the duration of clear & grade, designated storage and stockpile accidental discovery of previously and noise. These will be limited temporary impact to landholders to impact public risk & safety. topsoil is stockpiled separately on the ROW. area / a small number of delays between on activity erosion on the easement or of trenching and backfill activities. areas. The area of disturbance unknown sites to the immediate area of the and land use within the Topsoil is graded to a depth of 100 to 150 properties at any given time. ceasing and another activity stockpiled soil and soil inversion. Where required, surface water will be limited to that required Origin will develop procedures in construction activity. immediate area of the mm for a blade-width over either the trench The entire ROW is likely to be commencing. Impacts to soil are minimised (creeks and watercourses) may be for the safe conduct of the the Construction EMP to address constructiion ROW. line, the entire non-working side or the full cleared before restoration On average it is expected through the implementation of temporarily dammed and activity. Trees will be trimmed accidental exposure/discovery. Construction vehicles have the ROW, depending on factors such as the soil and rehabilitiation begin, due that all construction activity management measures. diverted. No permanently flowing rather than removed where potential to spread type, terrain, construction requirements and to the length of the pipeline, (over a 3km section) will last Mitigation measures include creeks are encountered on the possible. weeds/diseases. Origin will weather conditions. the speed of construction and for approximately 10 days, separating topsoil and subsoil ROW. These are restored as part Cleared vegetation will be impement control measures to the spacing between spread over a 2 month period. upon excavation to allow the of the reinstatement activities. respread as part of restoration. ensure that this risk is minimised activities. For most locations on the subsequent backfilling soil in the Primary mitigation is avoiding Fauna impacts are primarily (refer Section 5.7.3). ROW, at any given time correct horizons. such areas when wet. associated with vegetation during the construction Some silt may be generated clearance. period, there is likely to be during temporary diversions Very little vegetation will be little or no activity. however sediment traps will be cleared. The extent of clearring Removal of mature trees over installed as part of standard of vegetation is detailed in the pipe will be permanent, management measures. Section 5.4 and Appendix 4. but shrubs and ground cover will be able to regrow over the ROW.

5 Trenching A trench is dug for the pipeline either by a Occurs along the entire Maximum length of open Subsoil is disturbed by trenching. No impacts for aquifers greater There is potential for fauna No known sites on the route. Temporary minor impacts from Short term access to land May be undertaken on or trenching machine or excavator in length of ROW, but generally trench will be specified in There is the potential for soil than 2 metres deep occur. entrapment but this is rare and There is limited potential for dust generation, vehicle emissions required which will cause adjacent to roadsides but unlikely accordance with pre-defined depths of only in one area / a small CEMP; may be up to 10-15 km erosion on the easement or of Where required, surface water ramps are placed at regular accidental discovery of previously and noise. These will be limited temporary impact to landholders to impact public risk & safety. burial. Trench distances covered each day number of properties at any or more. stockpiled soil. (creeks and watercourses) may be intervals in the trech to assist unknown sites to the immediate area of the and land use within the can vary from 200 – 2000 m or more, given time. Impacts to soil minimised through temporarily dammed and reptile/mammal escape. Refer to Origin will develop procedures in construction activity. immediate area of the dependent on terrain type, equipment and Refer also to Activity #4 Clear management measures, including diverted for excavations. No Section 5.4 for additional the Construction EMP to address constructiion ROW. weather conditions. Trench spoil is stockpiled & Grade separating topsoil and subsoil permanently flowing creeks are mitigation measures. accidental exposure/discovery. Construction vehicles have the on the ROW, usually on the non-working side. upon excavation to allow the encountered on the easement. potential to spread Trench spoil is stockpiled separately to subsequent backfilling of soil in Some silt may be generated weeds/diseases. Origin will topsoil. the correct horizon. during the dewatering of the impement control measures to There is potential for acid trench however sediment traps ensure that this risk is minimised sulphate soils at locations are usually installed as part of (refer Section 5.7.3). between KP 27 and 44. Exposure standard management measures. of these soils to air can result in production of acid leachate. Soil sampling will determine if these sols are present, and if they occur, control measures detailed in Section 5.2 will be implemented.

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 1 of 4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRIMARY IMPACTS & EIR REFERENCE *

7 Bending Where required, pipe sections placed on the Refer to Activity #4 Clear & none none none none Temporary minor impacts from Short term access to land none ROW are bent to match changes either in Grade dust generation, vehicle emissions required which will cause elevation or direction of the route. and noise. These will be limited temporary impact to landholders to the immediate area of the and land use within the construction activity. immediate area of the constructiion ROW.

8 Welding, Radiography Pipe sections are welded together in lengths Refer to Activity #4 Clear & Potential for minor contamination Potential for minor contamination The risk of bushfire as a result of none Minor air emissions will be Short term access to land May be undertaken on or and Joint Coating typically up to one kilometre. Each weld is Grade from overspray and cleaning from overspray and cleaning welding is minimised through the associated with welding and required which will cause adjacent to roadsides but unlikely inspected using x-ray or ultrasonic agents during painting. agents during painting. implementation of strict coating activities. Emissions will temporary impact to landholders to impact public risk & safety. equipment. The area around the weld is grit Minor contamination from excess Minor contamination from excess management measures refer be limited to the immediate and land use within the blasted and then coated with a protective sand, the majority of which is sand, the majority of which is Section 5.7. vicinity of the activity. immediate area of the coating to prevent corrosion. usually captured within the usually captured within the constructiion ROW. trench. trench.

9 Lowering-in and Sidebooms (bulldozers with cranes) or Occurs along the entire Refer to Activity #4 Clear & There is the potential for soil Refer Activity #4 Clear & Grade The introduction of additional none Temporary minor impacts from Soil impacts (refer soil column) none Backfill excavators are used to lower the welded length of ROW, but generally Grade inversion and loss of topsoil padding material for lowing-in dust generation, vehicle emissions may result in reduced pipe into the trench and interconnecting only at one location at any during backill activities when activities has the potential to and noise. These will be limited productivity. Topsoil will be sections of pipe welded. Where required, given time. spoil is returned to the trench. result in the introduction of to the immediate area of the conserved and respread to padding machines are used to sift the Impacts to soil are minimised weeds to the ROW. Origin will construction activity. mitigate this impact. excavated subsoil to remove coarse materials through the implementation of ensure that management to protect the pipe coating. The remaining management measures including: measures are implemented fine material is used to pad beneath and on separating topsoil and subsoil concening the importation of top of the buried pipe. In some instances upon excavation and backfilling additional padding material (e.g. (e.g. very rocky soils) imported sand or foam soil in the correct horizons. inspection of source for weeds). pillows are used for padding. Trench spoil is returned to the trench and material compacted to minimise the likelihood of subsidence of material over the pipe.

10 Pressure Testing Pipeline integrity is verified using hydrostatic Pipeline is likely to be tested Refer to Activity #4 Clear & Impacts to soil will be minimal. Low potential for contamination Nil or minimal none none Impacts to soil or crops will be none testing. During hydrostatic testing the in several sections. Grade Water quality will be tested prior of groundwater as hydrotest minimal as water will be tested pipeline is capped with test manifolds, filled Epuipment and piping for to disposal to determine suitable water of unacceptable quality and discharged onto areas agreed with water and pressurised for a minimum of pumping, testing, and water disposal options. If water is of will not be discharged. with landholders. If water two hours. A 24-hour leak test then follows. disposal or transfer to next acceptable quality it will be Little potential contamination of contains significant contaminants, Fresh water is preferred for hydrotesting, section will be located at discharged onto a suitable area of surface water as water will be it will be treated or disposed of but hydrotest water may be treated with either end of the test section. ground (stable or stabilised discharged onto solid ground off-site as required by the chemicals such as biocide, oxygen scavengers Water will be before discharge) and erosion and away from waterways. Construction EMP. and corrosion inhibitors prior to testing. sediment controls used where Providing it meets water quality guidelines there is the potential for and has landholder approval, hydrotest water sedimentation to occur. is discharged to the surrounding environment.

11 Restoration and All waste materials are removed from the Occurs along the entire Refer to Activity #4 Clear & Topsoil and subsoil will be Potential for temporary and none none Temporary minor impacts from Short term access to land none Rehabilitation work area and disposed of appropriately. length of ROW, but generally Grade replaced during restoration minor disturbance of surface dust generation, vehicle emissions required which will cause As soon as practical after pipe laying and only in one area / a small activities. To reduce potential drainage patterns over the ROW and noise. These will be limited temporary impact to landholders backfill, the easement is re-contoured to number of properties at any long-term impacts to soil, soil until reinstatement is completed to the immediate area of the and land use within the match surrounding landform and erosion given time. stockpiles will be respread in the and drainage lines and surface construction activity. immediate area of the controls constructed where necessary. correct soil horizons.There is the contours have been reformed. constructiion ROW. Separately stockpiled topsoil is then respread potential for loss of topsoil, soil No impact to groundwater. evenly across the easement and any cleared erosion on the easement or of vegetation placed across the easement, to stockpiled soil and soil inversion if assist in soil retention and provision of seed soil is not apprpriately managed. stock. Where necessary compacted Reseeding or revegetation of the easement, areas will be ripped or scarified using appropriate species (i.e. crops/pasture to reduce compaction. or indigenous native species) is undertaken to restore vegetation cover.

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 2 of 4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRIMARY IMPACTS & EIR REFERENCE *

13 Watercourse Crossing Watercourse crossings are usually Six watercourses are crossed The installation of the pipe Topsoil and subsoil in the This technique is used for dry or Vegetation clearance will be No known sites. Temporary minor impacts from Short term access to land none constructed using a open cut trench. in Victoria, none in South across a small watercourse watercourse bed and banks are low-flow conditions. If water is limited to the ROW and There is limited potential for dust generation, vehicle emissions required which will cause The open cut method involves establishing a Australia. Construction would typically be completed disturbed by trenching activities. present, flow diversion designated storage and stockpile accidental discovery of previously and noise. These will be limited temporary impact to landholders stable working platform either side of the scheduling will aim for dry within 1-2 days from clearing There is the potential to techniques may be employed. areas. The area of disturbance unknown sites to the immediate area of the and land use within the watercourse and creating a trench using conditions (e.g. summer / to lowering and backfill. accelerate the erosion of the Potential for temporary will be limited to that required Origin will develop procedures in construction activity. immediate area of the excavators. The trench is not completed autumn) Clearing of watercourses is watercouse or to increase disturbance to watercourse flow for the safe conduct of the the Construction EMP to address constructiion ROW. through the banks until immediately prior to not undertaken until additional sediment to the during excavations and minor activity. Trees will be trimmed accidental exposure/discovery. No impacts to water flows are pipe installation. Tie-in points are located immediately before watercourse via soil stockpiles. increase in turbidity.. rather than removed where expected. on high ground well away from the banks. constructing the crossing, in Impacts to soil will be minimised No permanently flowing possible. Watercourse bed and bank material and order to minimise time of through the implementation of watercourses on the route. Cleared vegetation will be trench spoil are stockpiled separately, away exposure of soil (refer Section management measures including respread as part of restoration. from banks. Pipe string welding and 5.3) stockpiling watercourse bed and Most watercourses crossed have concrete coating is undertaken prior to bank material and trench spoil no native vegetation present, and placement in the trench. The pipe may be separately, away from banks to none have substantially intact concrete-wrapped at watercourse crossings, reduce the likelihood of vegetation (refer Section 5.4). to protect the external coating and to sedimentation from surface run- Fauna impacts are primarily prevent the pipe “floating” once in place. off. associated with vegetation This technique is used for dry or low flow Bed and banks will be reinstated clearance and the disturance of conditions. If water is present, flow and stabilised where required in-stream habitat. diversion techniques may be employed. following construction.

14 Boring Boring involves the use of a rig to bore short Activities generally confined A bored crossing may take Topsoil and subsoil are disturbed No impacts for aquifers greater Minimal impact associated with No impact to known sites due to Temporary minor impacts from Short term access to land Usually undertaken on or distances underneath infrastructure such as to ROW; typical bell holes several days to complete. when 'bell holes' are excavated. than 2 metres deep occur. loss of habitat in areas of the implementation of effective dust generation, vehicle emissions required which will cause adjacent to roadsides where it roads, railways, buried utilities and in some approx. 3 m x 3m. There is the potential for loss of Some sediment may be generated excavations. management measures. and noise. These will be limited temporary impact to landholders may be a temporary issue. circumstances for watercourse crossings. It topsoil, soil erosion and soil during the dewatering of the Construction vehicles have the There is limited potential for to the immediate area of the and land use within the is a low impact technique that requires an inversion. excavations however sediment potential to spread accidental discovery of previously construction activity. immediate area of the enlarged trench area, or bellhole, at either Impacts to soil are minimised traps are usually installed as part weeds/diseases. Origin will unknown sites constructiion ROW. side of the drill point. These bell holes are through the implementation of of standard management impement control measures to Origin will develop procedures in Construction vehicles have the located inside the construction easement. management measures. measures. ensure that this risk is minimised the Construction EMP to address potential to spread Mitigation measures include (refer Section 5.7.3). accidental exposure/discovery. weeds/diseases. Origin will separating topsoil and subsoil impement control measures to upon excavation to allow the ensure that this risk is minimised subsequent backfilling soil in the (refer Section 5.7.3). correct horizons.

15 Horizontal Directional Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is The size of a drill pad for HDD is not likely to be carried Although horizontal directional Although horizontal directional Potential impact associated with No impact to known sites due to Temporary noise impacts Short term access to land none Drilling generally used to cross major watercourses HDD varies depending on the out. Short HDD crossings can drilling may reduce above ground drilling may reduce above ground loss of habitat in areas designated the implementation of effective associated with the drill rig for required which will cause where standard open cut methods are not length of the drill, but may be completed in a few days, impacts, the technique introduces impacts, the technique introduces for drill pad. management measures. the duration of drilling. Noise temporary impact to landholders feasible. be 40m x 40m or more. while longer crossings may additional environmental additional environmental Drilling vehicles have the There is limited potential for emissions will be limited to the and land use within the HDD involves seting up a drill rig and take several days to weeks to considerations such as drill site considerations such as drill site potential to spread accidental discovery of previously immediate area of the drill site. immediate area of the drill pad. associated equipment (including water sumps complete. sediment control, waste sediment control, waste weeds/diseases. Origin will unknown sites and mud pits, drill rods, compessors, management, noise and increased management, noise and increased impement control measures to Origin will develop procedures in generators and portable buildings), on a duration of construction and duration of construction and ensure that this risk is minimised the Construction EMP to address cleared pad and drilling a hole at a shallow workforce numbers. To address workforce numbers. To address (refer Section 5.7.3). accidental exposure/discovery. angle beneath the surface through which the these issues, site specific these issues, site specific pipe is threaded. Drilling is conducted by a management procedures are management procedures are specially designed drill rig, operated by a prepared prior to drilling. prepared prior to drilling. specialist contractor.

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 3 of 4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM CONSTRUCTION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRIMARY IMPACTS & EIR REFERENCE *

EMISSIONS SOIL WATER RESOURCES FLORA & FAUNA CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDUSE / LANDHOLDERS PUBLIC RISK & SAFETY # ACTIVITY WHAT IS DONE SIZE FREQUENCY / DURATION (Air & Noise) (Section 5.2) (Section 5.3) (Section 5.4) (Section 5.5) (Section 5.7) (Section 5.8.5) (Section 5.6) 16 Trench water disposal In some areas , shallow groundwater or Dependent upon groundwater As and where required. Impacts to soil will be minimal. Potential for some contamination Nil or minimal none none Impacts to soil or crops will be none rainfall may accumulate in the pipeline flows, rainfall events and Water quality will be tested prior of groundwater. minimal as water will be tested trench or bell holes. This water must be duration of required access to to disposal to determine suitable Little potential contamination of and discharged onto areas agreed removed to allow access to the trench. trench. disposal options. If water is of surface water as water will be with landholders. If water Water is usually pumped from the trench acceptable quality it will be discharged onto solid ground contains significant contaminants, onto stable ground where erosion and discharged onto a suitable area of away from waterways. it will be treated or disposed of sediment containment measures are in place. ground (stable or stabilised off-site as required by the If trenchwater has been contaminated by before discharge) and erosion and Construction EMP. hyper-saline water, acid sulphate leachate or sediment controls used where other contaminents, alternate methods of there is the potential for disposal will be investigated to ensure sedimentation to occur. compliance with EPA standards & ANZECC criteria.

17 Waste management Pipeline construction generates very little Materials produced, stored none none none none none none none waste, and usually includes pipe offcuts, and disposed of for duration rope spacers and timber skids. of pipeline construction 18 Refuelling Refuelling of machinery from fuel trucks will Refuelling occurs along entire For duration of pipeline Low potential for soil See comments under Soil Impacts minimal. Low potential none none Soil impacts if a spill occurs (refer none be caried out on the ROW. This will not length of ROW. construction contamination from spills. No refuelling near watercourses for impact as little native soil column) may result in occur close to watercourses and drip Appropriate storage & handling (specified in CEMP). vegetation present. Spill reduced productivity or trays/spill mats will be used. Refer Section (e.g. bunded areas where affecting watercourse may impact restrictions on land use. Spills 5.2 and 5.3 for more details. appropriate, drip trays & spill native flora & fauna. would be cleaned up and mats for refuelling) will minimise remediated to mitigate this risk. impact. If a refuelling spill occurs, it is likely to be small and localised. If spills occur they will be contained, cleaned up and reported.

19 Facility Construction A Metering Station and a Gas Delivery Station Station compounds are likely The construction of the Topsoil and subsoil will be No impacts for aquifers greater Minimal impact as no significant No known sites. Temporary minor impacts from Dependent upon site, previous none will be constructed at the SEA Gas off-take to be approximately 60 x 70 facilities will take disturbed to accomodate than 2 metres deep occur. habitat in areas of There is limited potential for dust generation, vehicle emissions land uses such as cropping or south of Poolaijelo and adjacent to the m in size. approximately 2-3 months. earthworks at the facility excavations/construction. accidental discovery of previously and noise. These will be limited grazing will not be able to occur Katnook and Ladbroke Grove plants Both compounds will be construction site. Impacts to soil Construction vehicles have the unknown sites to the immediate area of the on the new facilities sites due to respectively. The metering station will permanent for the duration of will be long-term as a result of potential to spread Origin will develop procedures in construction activity. the construction of permanent involve the construction of a station limit the lifetime of the pipeline. the construction of permanent weeds/diseases. Origin will the Construction EMP to address facilities and fenced compounds. valve, metering and gas analysis and a facilities. impement control measures to accidental exposure/discovery. pressure reducing station consisting of Impacts to soil are minimised ensure that this risk is minimised pressure regulation and scraper launch through the implementation of (refer Section 5.7.3). station. The gas delivery station will involve management measures. the construction of a station limit valve, Mitigation measures include scraper receiver, gas filters, gas heaters and separating topsoil and subsoil pressure regulator. upon excavation to allow the Both stations will be constructed within subsequent backfilling soil in the cleared, fenced compounds. correct horizons.

20 Construction Depot A construction depot will be established for Located in a compound with The construction depot will Potential impacts to soil include Potential impacts to surface and Minimal impact as no likely No known sites. Minor air and noise emissions will Temporary impact to existing none the duration of construction and is expected portable offices/buidlings, be required for the duration clearing of topsoil on the site to ground water include soil clearance of vegetation to There is limited potential for be associated with construction landuse for duration of to be located on an existing industrial area. temporary workshop, of construction activities. accommodate depot or contamination associated with accomodate the camp site. accidental discovery of previously vehicles. Emissions will be limited construction period. Land will be The construction depot will be primarily used material and waste storage excavation of sumps/construction the spillage of fuels and Construction vehicles have the unknown sites to the immediate vicinity of the restored (including repreading of for equipment storage, vehicle lay-down, site facilities and associated of bunds. chemicals at the site. Origin will potential to spread Origin will develop procedures in activity. topsoil) following closure of camp office and administration centre, training construction equipment and There is also the potential for soil minimise this risk through the weeds/diseases. Origin will the Construction EMP to address tp allow resumption of previous depot, and a rendezvous point for the crew. vehicles. contamination associated with adoption of appropriate fuel, impement control measures to accidental exposure/discovery. land use. the spillage of fuels and chemical and liquid waste storage ensure that this risk is minimised chemicals at the site. Origin will and handling management (refer Section 5.7.3). minimise this risk through the practices. adoption of appropriate fuel, chemical and liquid waste storage and handling management practices.

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 4 of 4 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM OPERATION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

2 Line-of-sight clearance Clearance of the right-of-way to maintain line-If required, likely to be very May be required every 5-10 none none Permanent removal of any none Minor air and noise emissions from Short term access to land required May be undertaken on roadsides, of-sight is generally not required as it is small areas (e.g. isolated road years. regenerating trees within 2m of vehicles. Noise also associated which may cause minor temporary but unlikely to impact public risk predominantly in cleared agricultural or crossings) the pipeline centreline at the with machinery used to clear impact to landholders and land & safety forestry land. small number of sites with native vegetation (e.g. chainsaws). use within the immediate area of Trees retained on the easement during vegetation. Undergrowth is Impacts are minor and temporary the activity. construction will not be removed, however it allowed to revegetate across the and occur for the duration of the may be necessary to remove trees that ROW. activity only. regenerate within 2m of the pipeline as they pose a threat to pipeline integrity.

3 Patrolling / inspections Traveling along ROW, on private/public roads Entire length of ROW Easement inspections can be Soil compaction is not considered none Patrolling has the potential to none Temporary minor impacts from Temporary disturbance while Access and patrolling the - easement access or over cleared paddocks. Involves access to carried out on a weekly to an issue as formed tracks are spread weeds/diseases. Origin dust generation, vehicle emissions Origin personnel traverse easement does not impact on private property and use of private tracks. monthly basis. This frequency generally used. will implement a range of control and noise. These are limited to properties. public safety. Public roads will be is increased where a measures in the Operations EMP the immediate are of the activity. used but these vehicles create no particular issue exists on a to ensure that this risk is greater risk than other vehicles property that may require minimised. on the roads. maintenance or monitoring. Access to pipeline over cleared paddocks only occurs when access to a particular pipeline section is required (e.g. for maintenance) and not on a continuous basis.

4 Aerial inspection of Aerial inspections Entire length of ROW Aerial inspections typically none none none none Temporary and minor noise Potential for temporary none easement carried out every 1-3 months disturbance from passing aircraft. disturbance of stock. Aircraft and take 1/2 day to complete travels at a safe distance to prevent significant disturbance. Pipeline Operations 5 Cathodic Protection Traveling ROW, stopping to inspect CP points Cathodic Protection inspection Typically conducted twice per As per Activity # 3 Patrolling. none As per Activity # 3 Patrolling none As per Activity #3 Patrolling. As per Activity # 3 Patrolling As per Activity # 3 Patrolling. Surveys (above-ground post) on foot. posts are located year May involve repairs - see activity #10 approximately every 2 km Excavations along the entire length of ROW, usually on fence lines to reduce impact to land use.

6 Testing and Inspection Involves the controlled venting of minimal Relief valves are located at Relief valves are tested at none none None none Minor volume of methane gas none none of Relief Valves quantities of gas to atmosphere each meter station least once per year. Air and emitted when each valve is noise emissions are limited to tested. Discharge of gas also the duration of the test, results in noise generation, which is generally limited to although duration generally 30 seconds. limited to less than 30 seconds. All impacts are considered to be minor and temporary. Refer also to Activity #8 Emissions.

7 Erosion events Following major rainfall events creek lines or If it occurs, likely to be May occur in first year of Erosion events may result in the Erosion events have the potential Potential impact to vegetation Erosion events tend to occur on none none none run-off areas on ROW can experience soil restricted to short sections of operation, although erosion loss of topsoil and exposure of to increase sediment load of may occur in association with the easement and therefore erosion. Repairs effected immediately ROW near creeklines or on control structures will be in subsoil in the impacted area. adjacent watercourses. erosion and sedimentation. As unlikely to impact on known following erosion event and include the slopes (note: these are very place. Unlikely to occur once Origin will undertake field stated, this risk is minimised cultural heritage sites (these are replacement of similar materials and re- few) easement is fully stabilised by inspections following significant through control structures and located off the easement). profiling. vegetation, particularly as the rainfall events to ensure that effective detection and repair. Erosion events may uncovered terrain is relatively flat. erosion events are detected and previously unidentified cultural repaired. material.

8 Emissions Methane gas is released to atmosphere as a Small volumes of of gas Occurs for the duration of None none none none Controlled release of small none none result of pipeline and facility maintenance released per year during operational life volumes of gas per year during operations (i.e.. Unit blow downs/ venting, blow downs. unit blow downs. valve opening/testing). Minor noise associated with venting/release of gas. 9 Pipeline Incident The main threats to public safety from the Origin has completed a risk assessment under AS2885.1 to The actual impact of a potential pipeline incident would be dependent on the nature and scale of the incident. In addition to the potential to create a public safety risk, incidents have the potential to disturb and destroy vegetation, disturb operation and maintenance are fire, ensure that the pipeline design has reduced the risk wildlife, cause soil disturbance and erosion and result in significant air and noise emissions. Origin will have procedures in place to ensure that once the emergency situation has ceased and access to the area is available, remediation measures explosion or radiation exposure as a result of associated with the operation of the pipeline (e.g. risk of a would be put in place to restore the area. pipeline rupture. The risk assessment of the pipeline incident occurring) to As Low As Reasonably Practical pipeline indicates that the threats are (ALARP). associated with factors such as third party or external interference to the pipeline and pipeline corrosion.

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin Energy to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 1 of 3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM OPERATION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION PRIMARY IMPACTS & EIR REFERENCE * EMISSIONS SOIL WATER RESOURCES FLORA & FAUNA CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDUSE / LANDHOLDERS PUBLIC RISK & SAFETY # ACTIVITY WHAT IS DONE SIZE FREQUENCY / DURATION (Air & Noise) (Section 5.2) (Section 5.3) (Section 5.4) (Section 5.5) (Section 5.7) (Section 5.8.5) (Section 5.6) Pipeline Maintenance 10 Excavations Vegetation is cleared. Pipeline excavations typically Some excavations may be Topsoil and subsoil are disturbed No impacts for aquifers greater Crop / pasture / vegetation No impact to known sites due to Minor air and noise emissions from Impacts to landuse are limited to Only an issue if carried out on or - coating Topsoil is stockpiled. 4 metres wide by 5 metres required within the first year by excavation. There is the than 2 metres deep occur. clearance is generally confined to the implementation of effective vehicles. Noise also associated the area of disturbance. near public roads or near houses. refurbishment Excavation performed and spoil stockpiled. long and 2 metres deep, after construction to rectify potential for loss of topsoil and For very near surface the easement and limited to the management measures. with machinery used for clearing In some instances fences are cut - installation of anode Pipeline maintenance performed (may include located entirely on the defects, but following this it is soil inversion. Impacts to soil are groundwater, typically an area of area of excavation and 5-10m There is limited potential for and excavation. Impacts are to allow temporary access. beds welding, painting, sand blasting). easement. expected that they will be minimised through the 4 by 5 by 2m is disturbed (i.e.. beyond for storage and stockpile accidental discovery of previously minor and temporary and occur Any impacts to landholders and - emergency response Backfill of trench spoil. In extreme cases, excavations very rare for most of the life implementation of management volume less than 40 m3). areas. Excavations are unlikely to unknown sites for the duration of the activity land use are generally restricted exercises Topsoil replaced. can be 50m metres long. of the pipeline. measures. Mitigation measures Where required, surface water be required in the extremely Origin will develop procedures in only. to the duration of the activity. - new tie-ins Surface re-contoured. include: Separating topsoil and (creeks and watercourses) may be limited areas of native vegetation the Operations EMP to address Rip compacted areas. subsoil upon excavation and temporarily dammed and diverted on the route. Area of disturbance accidental exposure/discovery. Respread of vegetation. backfilling soil in the correct for excavations. No permanently is limited to that required for the Seeding / planting if necessary. horizons. flowing creeks are encountered safe conduct of the activity. on the ROW. Cleared vegetation is respread as Primary mitigation is avoiding part of restoration. such areas when wet. Regrowth is ultimately dependent Some silt may be generated on seasonal conditions. Seed and during temporary diversions fertiliser (where appropriate) will however sediment traps will be be spread to assist regrowth. installed as part of standard Fauna impacts are primarily management measures. associated with vegetation clearance and noise of activities.

11 Hydrotest Hydrotesting involves filling a section of pipe Hydrotesting is usually only Carried out on an as -required Impacts to soil are minimal as None - water is discharged onto Nil or minimal none none Impacts to soil are minimal as none with water under pressure to test the occurs on new or repaired basis. Tests normally take water is discharged onto a stable ground away from water is discharged onto areas integrity of the pipe. Sometimes an inhibitor sections of pipe. between 4 and 24 hours to suitable area of ground (stable or waterways. agreed with landholders. If water is added to the water to prevent organisms complete. stabilised before discharge) and contains significant contaminants, colonising the pipe but this usually only erosion and sediment controls are it will be treated or disposed of happens on very long sections of pipe (eg used where there is the potential off-site as required by the 100km). or sedimentation to occur. Operations EMP. Depending upon the location of the testing If water contains significant water is usually sourced locally from mains, contaminants, it will be treated or dams, bores or trucked in. disposed of off-site as required by Water is usually discharged from the pipe the Operations EMP. onto a suitable area of ground away from water bodies. Erosion and sedimentation controls are used where required.

12 Pigging Pipeline 'pig' placed in the pipe via a launch Confined to meter stations. Major intelligent pigging Pigs are removed within a None none Minor controlled release of none none bay. Pig travels along inside pipe before programs (to monitor pipeline contained area, therefore methane upon removal of the pig. being removed at a pig exit site. Removal of integrity) typically conducted contamination from debris and Refer also to Activity #8 pig from pipeline results in minor venting of every 10-15years. oily sludge is unlikely. Emissions. gas to atmosphere and collection of some oil sludge and debris. 13 Welding Welding usually required when undertaking Dependant upon length of Ongoing as required none none The risk of bushfire as a result of none none none none repairs of pipeline or making modifications to pipeline under repair welding is minimised through the existing infrastructure. Pipeline welding implementation of strict usually occurs following the excavation of the management measures. pipeline. 14 Coating Sleeves or tape are expected to be used to Dependant upon length of Completed as required, Potential for minor contamination Potential for minor contamination None none Minor noise emissions associated none none coat welds or repair areas of pipeline or pipeline under repair activity duration is less than 2 from cleaning agents (and from cleaning agents (and with operation of paint above ground pipeline. Epoxy painting hours. overspray if epoxy paint used) overspray if epoxy paint used) compressor if epoxy paint used (spray) may be used 15 Sand Blasting High-pressure abrasive surface blasting of Area of exposed pipe Sand blasting completed as Minor contamination from excess Minor contamination from excess None none Dust generation from blasting none none pipe work prior to painting. Undertaken for required, activity duration is sand, the majority of which is sand, the majority of which is activity. pipeline inspection or for pipeline coating less than 2 hours. usually captured within the usually captured within the Minor noise emissions associated systems trench. trench. with blasting. This is restricted to the duration of the activity.

16 Replacement of Section of pipeline is isolated and controlled Generally less than 100m Expected to be very Refer to Activity #10 Excavations Refer to Activity #10 Excavations Refer to Activity #10 Excavations Refer to Activity #10 Excavations Controlled release of methane to Refer to Activity #10 Excavations Refer to Activity #10 Excavations pipeline section release of gas undertaken from affected section of pipe excavated infrequent. Activity usually atmosphere occurs upon isolation section. Affected area then excavated, old lasts for approximately 2 of the pipeline section. pipeline removed and replaced (includes weeks Minor noise is associated with welding, blasting, coating). Excavation then venting/release of gas. Impact is reinstated. temporary only.

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin Energy to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 2 of 3 POTENTIAL IMPACTS FROM OPERATION OF THE SESA PIPELINE

18 Weed Control Spray pack used to spray weeds in and around Conducted within compounds Weed control typically occurs none none Death of target weed species. none Refer to Activity # 1 Weed none none compounds at metering and gas delivery twice per year for 1 day Weed species of concern is Control. statations duration (additional control as targeted. Minor temporary required) impact to non-target species may occur within the immediate vicinity. 19 Production of Hazardous Waste hydrocarbons generated from Small amounts Materials continually None - pig receiver and gas none None none none none none Waste maintenance/ pigging operations (ex produced, stored and disposed delivery station designed to pipeline/product) during the operation of the prevent spill of hydrocarbons / Liquids and heavy metals (e.g. mercury) not pipeline. waste to ground expected in product, but if present would be trapped in coalescing filters Contaminated filters from maintenance change-overs Contaminated waste and oils removed from site for disposal by a licensed contractor.

20 Waste disposal Waste collected on site and removed to n/a Materials produced, stored None None None none none none none licensed facilities and disposed of for duration of pipeline operation 21 Station blow downs Uncontrolled venting as a result of equipment Refer to Activity #8 Emissions Dependent upon type and None None None None Release of gas to atmosphere. None Risk to public safety is considered failure eg regulator failure duration of failure. Noise associated with release of As Low as Reasonable Practicable gas (ALARP).

* Refer to relevant section of the EIR for control measures applied by Origin Energy to minimise the risk of adverse impacts. Page 3 of 3

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Appendix 4: Flora and Fauna Information

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

A4.1 Flora Species Recorded on the SESA Route

Table A4.1: Flora species recorded on or near the SESA pipeline route

Scientific name Common name Conservation status

National Vic SA

*Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel *Cardamine corymbosa New Zealand Bitter-cress *Cortaderia selloana Pampas Grass *Cupressus sp. Cypress *Cynodon dactylon var. dactylon Couch *Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail *Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot *Ehrharta calycina Perennial Veldt Grass *Ehrharta erecta Panic Veldt Grass *Freesia sp. Freesia *Genista sp. ? Broom *Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog *Hordeum leporinum Barley Grass *Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear *Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hairy Hawkbit *Lupinus sp. Lupin ? *Paspalum distichum Water Couch *Phalaris aquatica Toowoomba Canary-grass *Phalaris sp. Canary Grass *Pinus sp. Pine *Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum *Rumex crispus Curled Dock *Stenopetalum secundatum Buffalo Grass *Trifolium sp. Clover *Typha latifolia Great Reedmace Acacia aculeatissima Thin-leaf Wattle Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Acacia myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle Acacia oxycedrus Spike Wattle Acacia stricta Hop Wattle R Acacia suaveolens Sweet Wattle R Acacia verticillata Prickly Moses Acaena echinata Sheep's Burr Agrostis avenacea Common Blown-grass Allocasuarina paludosa Scrub Sheoak Allocasuarina sp. Sheoak Allocasuarina verticillata Drooping Sheoak

A4-1 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Scientific name Common name Conservation status

National Vic SA

Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Broom Spurge Amphibromus sp. Swamp Wallaby Grass Amyema pendula Drooping Mistletoe Arthropodium strictum Chocolate Lily Astroloma conostephioides Flame Heath Austrostipa sp. Spear Grass Azolla sp. Azolla Banksia marginata Silver Banksia Banksia ornata Desert Banksia Banksia spinulosa var. cunninghamii Hairpin Banksia Baumea rubiginosa Soft Twig-rush Billardiera cymosa Sweet Apple-berry Burchardia umbellata Milkmaids Bossiaea prostrata Creeping Bossiaea Caladenia sp. (cf. carnea) Orchid Carex inversa Knob Sedge Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtle Chamaescilla corymbosa Blue Stars Chrysocephalum apiculatum Common Everlasting Craspedia paludicola Swamp Billy-buttons v V Crassula helmsii Swamp Crassula Daviesia brevifolia Leafless Bitter-pea Dianella admixta Black-anther Flax-lily Dianella revoluta Black Anther-lily Dianella sp. Flax-lily Dianella sp. aff. revoluta Flax-lily Dillwynia sericea Showy Parrot-pea Diuris orientis Wallflower Orchid Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Pale Sundew Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Scented Sundew R Eleocharis acuta Common Spike-sedge Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush Eucalyptus baxteri Brown Stringybark Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red Gum # Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar Gum Eucalyptus fasciculosa Pink Gum v # Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum Eucalyptus ovata var. ovata Swamp Gum Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum Eucalyptus macrorhyncha ? Red Stringybark Gahnia radula Thatch Saw-sedge

A4-2 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Scientific name Common name Conservation status

National Vic SA

Geranium spp. Crane's Bill Glossodia major Wax-lip Orchid Gonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort Grevillea lavandulacea ssp. lavandulacea Lavender Grevillea Hakea rostrata Beaked Hakea Hakea rugosa Dwarf Hakea Hibbertia fasciculata Bundled Guinea-flower Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flower Hibbertia sericea Silky Guinea-flower Hydrocotyle sp. Pennywort Hypolaena fastigiata Austral Ground-fern Hypoxis sp. Hypoxis Isolepis cernua Nodding Club-sedge Juncus amabilis ? Hollow Rush Juncus flavidus ? Yellow Rush Juncus pallidus Pale Rush Juncus subsecundus Finger Rush Juncus usitatus Billabong Rush Lemna sp. Duckweed Lepidosperma carphoides Black Rapier-sedge Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedge Lepidosperma sp. Sword-sedge Lepidozia glaucophylla ? Liverwort Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-tree Leucopogon ericoides Pink Beard-heath Leucopogon virgatus var. virgatus Common Beard-heath Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rush Lythrum hyssopiflora Small loosestrife Marsilea sp. Nardoo Melaleuca brevifolia Mallee Honey-myrtle Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping Grass Microseris sp. Murnong Montia sp. Water Blinks Neopaxia australasica White Purslane Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrel Oxalis perennans Grassland Wood-sorrel Pelargonium australe ? Austral Stork's-bill Pimelea glauca ? Smooth Rice-flower Pimelea humilis Common Rice-flower Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-pea

A4-3 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Scientific name Common name Conservation status

National Vic SA

Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grass Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass Potamogeton tricarinatus Floating Pondweed Pultenaea laxiflora Loose-flower Bush-pea Ranunculus sp. Buttercup Rumex bidens Mud Dock Rumex brownii Slender Dock Rumex spp. Dock Scirpus sp. Club Sedge Tetratheca ciliata Pink Bells Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass Thelymitra carnea ? Pink Sun-orchid Triglochin minutissimum Tiny Arrowgrass r Triglochin striatum Streaked Arrowgrass Xanthorrhoea caespitosa Tufted Grass-tree r Xanthorrhoea minor Small Grasstree

* Denotes introduced species # Denotes planted Australian species, not native to the region

A4-4 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

A4.2 Fauna

Table A4.2: Fauna recorded on or near the SESA pipeline route

Common name Scientific name

Emu Dromaius novaehollandiae Black Swan Cygnus atratus Australian Shelduck Tadorna tadornoides Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata Grey Teal Anas gracilis Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis Hardhead Aythya australis Australasian Grebe Tachybaptus novaehollandiae Hoary-headed Grebe Poliocephalus poliocephalus White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis Yellow-billed Spoonbill Platalea flavipes Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris Whistling Kite Haliastur sphenurus Swamp Harrier Circus approximans Wedge-tailed Eagle Aquila audax Little Eagle Hieraaetus morphnoides Nankeen Kestrel Falco cenchroides Australian Hobby Falco longipennis Brown Falcon Falco berigora Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Brolga Grus rubicunda Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus philippensis Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Dusky Moorhen Gallinula tenebrosa Black-tailed Native-hen Gallinula ventralis Eurasian Coot Fulica atra White-headed Stilt Himantopus leucocephalus Masked Lapwing Vanellus miles Common Bronzewing Phaps chalcoptera Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus Galah Eolophus roseicapilla Long-billed Corella Cacatua tenuirostris Sulphur-crested Cockatoo Cacatua galerita

A4-5 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Common name Scientific name

Rainbow Lorikeet Trichoglossus haematodus Musk Lorikeet Glossopsitta concinna Purple-crowned Lorikeet Glossopsitta porphyrocephala Crimson Rosella Platycercus elegans Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius Red-rumped Parrot Psephotus haematonotus Blue-winged Parrot Neophema chrysostoma Fan-tailed Cuckoo Cacomantis flabelliformis Horsfield's Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx basalis Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Chrysococcyx lucidus Powerful Owl Ninox strenua Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae White-throated Treecreeper Cormobates leucophaeus Superb Fairy-wren Malurus cyaneus Spotted Pardalote Pardalotus punctatus Striated Pardalote Pardalotus striatus White-browed Scrubwren Sericornis frontalis Chestnut-rumped Heathwren Hylacola pyrrhopygia Brown Thornbill Acanthiza pusilla Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Striated Thornbill Acanthiza lineata Western Gerygone Gerygone fusca Yellow-faced Honeyeater Lichenostomus chrysops White-eared Honeyeater Lichenostomus leucotis White-plumed Honeyeater Lichenostomus penicillatus White-naped Honeyeater Melithreptus brevirostris Black-chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus g. gularis Brown-headed Honeyeater Melithreptus lunatus New Holland Honeyeater Phylidonyris novaehollandiae Eastern Spinebill Acanthorhynchus tenuirostris Blue-faced Honeyeater Entomyzon cyanotis Noisy Miner Manorina melanocephala Little Wattlebird Anthochaera chrysoptera Red Wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata Jacky Winter Microeca fascinans Eastern Yellow Robin Eopsaltria australis Varied Sittella Daphoenositta chrysoptera Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora Eastern Shrike-tit Falcunculus frontatus Golden Whistler Pachycephala pectoralis Rufous Whistler Pachycephala rufiventris Grey Shrike-thrush Colluricincla harmonica

A4-6 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Common name Scientific name

Restless Flycatcher Myiagra inquieta Magpie-lark Grallina cyanoleuca Willie Wagtail Rhipidura leucophrys Grey Fantail Rhipidura albiscapa Black-faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae White-winged Triller Lalage tricolor Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen Pied Currawong Strepera graculina Grey Currawong Strepera versicolor Australian Raven Corvus coronoides Little Raven Corvus mellori Forest Raven Corvus tasmanicus *Skylark Alauda arvensis Australian Pipit Anthus australis *House Sparrow Passer domesticus Red-browed Finch Neochmia temporalis *European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Mistletoebird Dicaeum hirundinaceum Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena Tree Martin Hirundo nigricans Fairy Martin Hirundo ariel Rufous Songlark Cincloramphus mathewsi Little Grassbird Megalurus gramineus Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis Silvereye Zosterops lateralis *Common Blackbird Turdus merula *Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris

Western Grey Kangaroo Macropus fuliginosus Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus Swamp Rat Rattus lutreolus *Fox Vulpes vulpes *Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus *Fallow Deer Dama dama

Common Eastern Froglet Crinia signifera Eastern Banjo Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii Brown-striped Frog Limnodynastes peronii Brown Toadlet Pseudophryne bibronii Brown Tree Frog Litoria ewingii Southern Bell Frog Litoria raniformis Eastern Snake-necked Turtle Chelodina longicollis

A4-7 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

A4.3 Threatened Fauna

Table A4.3: Threatened fauna with at least a moderate likelihood of occurrence for the Victorian section of the SESA pipeline route

Common name Scientific name EPBC NAP FFG DSE LRO

Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis M VU C,H Great Egret Ardea alba M L VU H Hardhead Aythya australis M VU C,H Musk Duck Biziura lobata M VU M Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne EN EN EN C,H Brown Treecreeper Climacteris picumnus victoriae NT NT M Latham’s Snipe Gallinago hardwickii M NT M Brolga Grus rubicunda M L VU C,H Chestnut-rumped Heathwren Hylacola pyrrhopygia L VU C,H Hooded Robin Melanodryas cucullata NT L NT H Black-chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus gularis gularis NT NT H Barking Owl Ninox connivens NT L EN M Powerful Owl Ninox strenua L VU C,H Nankeen Night Heron Nyctocorax caledonicus M NT H Blue-billed Duck Oxyura australis M L EN M Royal Spoonbill Platelea regia M VU M Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis VU VU L CR M Diamond Firetail Stagonopleura guttata NT L VU H Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae NT L EN H Silky Mouse Pseudomys apodemoides NT H Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis VU VU L EN C,H Brown Toadlet Pseudophryne bibronii IK EN C,H Striped Worm-lizard Aprasia striolata L NT H

Key

EPBC Commonwealth Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 NAP National action plans FFG Vic Flora & Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 DSE DSE advisory threatened fauna list (DSE 2003) LRO Likelihood of regular occurrence. C = confirmed; H = High; M = Moderate. CR Critically Endangered EN Endangered IK Insufficiently Known L Listed M Migratory/marine-overfly NT Near Threatened RIK Rare or Insufficiently Known VU Vulnerable

A4-8 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Table A4.4: Threatened fauna with at least a moderate likelihood of occurrence for the South Australian section of the SESA pipeline route

Common name Scientific name EPBC NAP NPW LRO

Australasian Shoveler Anas rhynchotis M R C,H Great Egret Ardea alba M H Hardhead Aythya australis M C,H Musk Duck Biziura lobata M R M Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne EN EN E H Yellow-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus funereus V C,H Shining Bronze-Cuckoo Chalcites lucidus M R C,H Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis R C,H Brown Treecreeper Climacteris picumnus victoriae NT H White-bellied Cuckoo-shrike Coracina papuensis R M Brown Quail Coturnix ypsilophora V C,M Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus M R C,H Crested Shrike-tit Falcunculus frontatus V C,H Latham’s Snipe Gallinago hardwickii M V H Brolga Grus rubicunda M V H Chestnut-rumped Heathwren Hylacola pyrrhopygia V M Hooded Robin Melanodryas cucullata NT M Black-chinned Honeyeater Melithreptus gularis gularis NT V C,M Blue-winged Parrot Neophema chrysostoma M V C,H Barking Owl Ninox connivens NT R M Olive Whistler (Glenelg) Pachycephala olivacea hesperus NT V C,L Flame Robin Petroica phoenicea M R M Royal Spoonbill Platelea regia M M Baillon’s Crake Porzana pusilla M R M Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis VU VU R M Southern Emu-wren Stpitirus malachurus R M Painted Button-quail Turnix varia V M Masked Owl Tyto novaehollandiae NT E M Red-necked Wallaby Macropus rufogriseus R H Sugar Glider Petaurus breviceps R H Koala Phascolarctos cinereus NT R M Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus R M Smooth Frog Geocrinia laevis R M Growling Grass Frog Litoria raniformis VU VU V M Jacky Lizard Amphibolurus muricatus R M

Key

EPBC Commonwealth Environment Protection & Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 NAP National action plans NPW SA National Parks & Wildlife Act 1972

A4-9 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

LRO Likelihood of regular occurrence. C = confirmed; H = High; M = Moderate. CR Critically Endangered E Endangered EN Endangered IK Insufficiently Known M Migratory/marine-overfly NT Near Threatened R Rare RIK Rare or Insufficiently Known V Vulnerable VU Vulnerable

A4-10 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

A4.4 Vegetation Impact Sites

The following table summarises the key sites where vegetation impacts are likely to occur on the pipeline route. The information is derived from Ecology Australia (2004a & b). Where the route has been altered according to Ecology Australia’s recommendations for impact mitigation, the likely impacts and mitigation measures have been adjusted to reflect the current alignment.

The vegetation present at sites on the alignment is described using the following: Ecological Vegetation Class (Vic) or Vegetation Community (SA) Bioregional Status – describes bioregional conservation status: E – Endangered, V – Vulnerable, D – Depleted, LC – Least Concern Condition – uses the Ecology Australia 1-5 scale (see Section 5.4) and also transposes this to an estimated habitat score (H) of 0-100 (using 1=90, 2=70, 3=50, 4=30, 5=10). This habitat score can be used to estimate habitat hectares lost and potential Net Gain offsets under Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework. Bioregional Significance – derived by combining the habitat score with the bioregional conservation status of the relevant EVC (derivation defined in Victoria’s Native Vegetation Management Framework). This derivation has also been applied to SA Vegetation Communities, using the bioregional conservation status as defined by Croft et al. (1999).

Table A4.5: Summary of Key Vegetation Impact Sites on Victorian Section of Pipeline Route

EA KP Location Flora / fauna issue(s) Ecological Bioreg. Condition Bioreg. Likely Impacts / Mitigation Ref Vegetation Class Status (est. H) Signif.

PEN 0.8-0.9 Copse of trees at Small copse of River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Plains Grassy E 3(50) High Select alignment to use widest gap. Removal of several small N001 north-east corner of Relatively small tolerance for tree avoidance. Woodland trees may be required. Reduce easement width to minimise tree Dorothy Downs clearing.

0.6 Three watercourse Watercourse in plantation/firebreak; very degraded with Drainage Line (no na na na Construct in dry conditions, CEMP to address sediment and 1.6 crossings in substantially exotic vegetation (Salix, Phalaris). extant EVC) erosion control. 4.0 firebreaks adjacent Moderate likelihood of Growling Grass Frog Litoria Dorothy Downs raniformis (EPBC Vulnerable) occurring in the vicinity.

PEN0 5.7-6.5 Copse of trees Copse of River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Plains Grassy E 3(50) High Construction activities confined to cleared firebreak. 10 adjacent east-west adjacent firebreak. Woodland Trimming of overhanging branches will be required and restricted firebreak in Dorothy to minimum necessary for safe construction and access. Downs

A4-11 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

EA KP Location Flora / fauna issue(s) Ecological Bioreg. Condition Bioreg. Likely Impacts / Mitigation Ref Vegetation Class Status (est. H) Signif.

PEN0 8.3-8.6 Ephemeral wetland River Red Gum ephemeral wetland and ephemeral Red Gum Swamp E 4 (30) Very Pipeline aligned out around wetland (through degraded wetland 07 and diversion behind wetland meadow. high meadow / pasture) and behind abandoned house to pick up PEN0 house on Rippons Area disturbed by previous heavy grazing and dominated powerlines in Blue Gum plantation. Tree removal avoided. 08 Road by exotic species but some regionally significant wetland Construct during dry conditions after meadow has dried out. plants (Yam Daisy Microseris sp.) and mature River Red Possibly use minimal width construction zone. Gums present. Alignment diverts around quality 3 wetland vegetation with dense Presence of pair of Brolgas (FFG listed) with an River Red Gums located closer to Rippons Road. immature suggests nesting of this State vulnerable species may occur locally. Remnant native vegetation understorey in roadside reserve.

PEN0 10.0- Paddock at south Large paddock with scattered copses of Pink Gum and Limestone V 5 (10) Medium Alignment avoids trees in paddock. 10 11.3 end of Rippons Road exotic understorey (improved pasture). High priority for Woodland protection; vulnerable in Victoria.

11.3 Rippons Road Road crossing with degraded understorey including Limestone V 4(30) Medium Road crossing width will be minimised (to approx. 8m), but will crossing Banksia, Allocasuarina. Woodland require removal of degraded understorey, trimming of trees and possibly removal of small Pink Gum(s). Possible removal of threatened flora (small Pink Gum, Yucca).

PEN0 11.7 – Firebreaks through Alignment parallels linear strips of remnant vegetation Limestone V,D 3 (50) High Construction activities confined to cleared firebreaks (~15 m 11 13.9 Blue Gum dominated by vulnerable Pink Gum Eucalyptus Woodland, Heathy wide). Track through adjacent road reserve may be used for plantations fasciculosa and crosses one 20 m wide strip with Pink Herb-rich access past this restricted ROW. Gum and Brown Stringybark. Woodland Extra workspace obtained by clearing planted Blue Gums in some EVCs with Pink Gum are naturally rare in Victoria, and locations. are of high priority for protection. Trimming of overhanging branches will be required and restricted Significant bird species present: Nationally significant to minimum necessary for safe construction and access. Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo , State significant Powerful If access across linear strips paralleling easement are required, Owl, Regionally significant population of Blue-faced will be confined to areas of substantially exotic vegetation as

Honeyeater. agreed with shire and DPI/DSE. Also adjacent open areas with large hollow-bearing Minimal width techniques used for crossing of 20m wide strip trees; suitable habitat for FFG-listed Masked Owl. (KP13.9) but may require removal of few small trees (Pink Gum / Brown Stringybark).

PEN0 11.9- Dorodong Creek Alignment crosses Dorodong Creek north of large dam. Creek-line Herb- E,D 4 (30) High Alignment will be restricted through creek (approx. 10m width). 12 12.1 Creek is very shallow, vegetation in creek on alignment rich Woodland, Inevitable impact to 200 x 10m of Heathy Herb-rich Woodland is substantially exotic. Heathy Herb-rich west of Dorodong Creek. Understorey heavily disturbed / weedy. Area of Heathy Herb-rich Woodland west of Dorodong Woodland Some clearance of small trees. Clear Brown Stringybark in Creek on/adjacent to alignment (approx 5-10 m width is preference to Pink Gum. currently cleared). Possible removal of threatened flora (small Pink Gum, Yucca). Dorodong Creek and dam to south represent habitat for Crossing is aligned for minimum tree loss either side, and may (EPBC Vulnerable) Growling Grass Frog; high likelihood need specialist construction methods (coffer dam, etc.) to of occurrence. minimise siltation etc. of impoundment if water is present. State significant waterfowl confirmed – Hardhead, Construction carried out during dry conditions. Australasian Shoveler. Implement salvage protocols for Growling Grass Frogs found during construction.

A4-12 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

EA KP Location Flora / fauna issue(s) Ecological Bioreg. Condition Bioreg. Likely Impacts / Mitigation Ref Vegetation Class Status (est. H) Signif.

PEN0 14.9 Creek crossing on Blue Gum plantation firebreak with exotic grass cover Drainage Line (no na na na No significant vegetation impacts. 14 powerline easement (Erharta, Holcus, Dactylus, Phalaris, etc.). extant EVC) Implement standard measures to control erosion and Creek crossing largely degraded with exotic grasses. ?ex-Creek-line sedimentation. Some mature River Red Gum trees upstream and below Herb-rich (off alignment). Woodland

PEN0 15.5 Roadside vegetation Small roadside strip of dense Prickly Tea-tree Limestone V,D 5 (10) Medium Clearance of Leptospermum regrowth in roadside (minimise 13 north of Dorodong Leptospermum continentale, Sweet Wattle Acacia Woodland, width).

Comaum Road suaveolens, etc. Weedy ground layer. Herb-rich Heathy Trees avoided, trimming of small number of trees required.

Dense planting of Pampas-grass Cortaderia sp. Woodland Implement measures to remove/control Pampas grass and prevent Fringing mature Yellow Gum, Brown Stringybark, Manna spread (e.g. clear topsoil to depth of 10-20cm, burn dead Gum E. viminalis. Pampas-grass on site, follow-up control). Otherwise firebreak with exotic grass cover (Erharta, Holcus, Dactylus, Phalaris, etc.).

PEN0 18.0 Wetland north of High quality, relatively permanent wetland; complex Sedge Wetland V 3 (50) Very Alignment avoids crossing the wetland by diverting to the north 15 Penola Dorodong structure of emergent, fringing, floating and submergent High and west through Blue Gums to Waterloo Road. Impacts exotic Road – Waterloo aquatic vegetation. vegetation with some Juncus and Red Gum seedlings. Road intersection Confirmed high quality habitat for Growling Grass Frog Avoid wetland verge and implement sediment control. (EPBC Vulnerable), and other frog species. Preferable timing in late Summer/Autumn to minimise impacts on High quality habitat for migratory wetland (EPBC treaty frogs. birds) birds such as Latham’s Snipe, Australian Painted Implement salvage protocols for Growling Grass Frogs found Snipe. during construction.

PEN0 20.1 Red Gum lined Ephemeral wetland meadow on drainage line; lined with Seasonally E/V 4 (30) High Alignment avoids removal of trees.

16 drainage line mature River Red Gums. inundated Shrubby Pipeline aligned in firebreak between pines and Manna Gums with 20.7- Manna Gums in Mature Manna Gums near pine plantation - high local to Woodland / workspace in Manna Gum paddock (no significant understorey). 20.8 paddock adjacent regional significance by size. Damp Sands Herb- Trimming of Manna Gums restricted to minimum necessary for firebreak rich Woodland safe construction.

KP 20.8- Plantation firebreak Brown Stringybark (Heathy Woodland) Manna Gum Heathy Woodland LC (D) 3 (50) Low Impacts to roadside vegetation avoided by confining easement to 21.2 23.5 parallel to Penola (DSHRW) on roadside / firebreak, threatened plants (small patches of firebreak (approx 20 m wide). - Dorodong Road present (3 - 10 m wide). Damp Sands Herb- Small Brown Stringybark in centre of firebreak near border may 26.0 (south side, Vic and Important linear road reserve. rich Woodland) be cleared. SA) Access across roadside vegetation only using existing tracks or through areas of substantially exotic vegetation as determined by botanist.

A4-13 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Table A4.6: Summary of Key Vegetation Impact Sites on South Australian Section of Pipeline Route

EA KP Location Flora / fauna issue(s) Vegetation Community Bioreg. Condition Bioreg. Potential Impacts / Mitigation Ref Status Signif.

KP 23.5- Plantation firebreak Brown Stringybark Manna Gum on roadside / Eucalyptus V 3 High Impacts to roadside vegetation avoided by confining easement to 21.2 26.0 parallel to Penola firebreak, threatened plants present (3 - 10 m arenacea/baxteri, +/1 E. firebreak (approx 15 m wide). - Dorodong Road wide). obliqua, +/- E. fasciculosa, Trimming of overhanging branches may be required. 26.0 (north side) Important linear road reserve. +/- E. viminalis ssp cygnetensis Open Forest to Access across roadside vegetation only using existing tracks or Woodland through areas of substantially exotic vegetation as determined by botanist.

KP 26.1- Track adjacent 4 ha remnant of woodland, old-growth Manna Eucalyptus V 2 Very Alignment uses existing track and degraded area dominated 26.6 26.3 remnant woodland, Gums, intact understorey. arenacea/baxteri, +/1 E. High almost entirely by exotic vegetation (Ehrharta sp.) along eastern (WP south side of Penola obliqua, +/- E. fasciculosa, edge of remnant. No tree removal or impacts to areas with intact 45) Dorodong Road +/- E. viminalis ssp understorey. cygnetensis Open Forest to Woodland

PEN0 30.5 Crossing on unnamed Widely spaced mature River Red Gums on Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Alignment avoids tree removal.

18 lane roadside and in paddocks either side. ssp camaldulensis Small, significant grassy remnant (of Themeda / Austrostipa Woodland grassland) approx. 300 m N of proposed crossing is avoided.

PEN0 31.7 Shepherds Road Widely spaced mature River Red Gums on Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Alignment avoids tree removal. No understorey present. 17 crossing roadside and in paddocks either side. ssp camaldulensis Woodland

PEN0 33.3 Crossing on Robert Widely spaced mature River Red Gums on Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Alignment avoids tree removal. 19 Rymill Drive (Penola roadside and in paddocks either side. ssp camaldulensis – Casterton Road) Woodland

PEN0 36.7 Crossing on Riddoch Very widely spaced mature River Red Gums on Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Alignment avoids tree removal. 20 Highway (Penola – Mt roadside and in paddocks either side. ssp camaldulensis Gambier Road) Woodland

RYM 37.8 Large redgum on River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis to be Eucalyptus camaldulensis V 5 High Tree could be lost as a consequence of poor lopping practice; 011 (Option council land west of lopped and likely to be bored under. ssp camaldulensis trenching or shallow boring could damage root zone. B) Riddoch Highway Woodland Bore at sufficient depth to avoid root damage; all lopping to be (intersection of the minimum necessary, and to be carried out by qualified, alignment and experienced arborist. If open-trenched, keep as far out from undeveloped road trunk as practicable to avoid root damage (circa ≥10m). reserve)

RYM 38.1 Large redgum in River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis to be Eucalyptus camaldulensis V 5 High Tree could be lost as a consequence of poor lopping practice; 012 (Option undeveloped road lopped and likely to be bored under. ssp camaldulensis trenching or shallow boring could damage root zone. B) reserve, west of Woodland Bore at sufficient depth to avoid root damage; all lopping to be Riddoch Highway the minimum necessary, and to be carried out by qualified, experienced arborist. If open-trenched, keep as far out from trunk as practicable to avoid root damage (circa ≥10m).

A4-14 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

EA KP Location Flora / fauna issue(s) Vegetation Community Bioreg. Condition Bioreg. Potential Impacts / Mitigation Ref Status Signif.

RYM 38.2 Large redgum in River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis to be Eucalyptus camaldulensis V 5 High Tree could be lost as a consequence of poor lopping practice; 013 (Option undeveloped road lopped and likely bored under. ssp camaldulensis shallow boring could damage root zone. B) reserve, west of Woodland Bore at sufficient depth to avoid root damage; all lopping to be Riddoch Highway the minimum necessary, and to be carried out by qualified, experienced arborist. If open-trenched, keep as far out from trunk as practicable to avoid root damage (circa ≥10m).

RYM 38.4 Two large redgums River Red Gums Eucalyptus camaldulensis to be Eucalyptus camaldulensis V 5 High Tree could be lost as a consequence of poor lopping practice; 014 38.5 on edge of lopped. ssp camaldulensis trenching could damage root zone. (Option undeveloped road Woodland Keep as far out from trunk as practicable to avoid root damage; B) reserve, west of all lopping to be the minimum necessary, and to be carried out by Riddoch Highway qualified, experienced arborist.

RYM 40.3 Wetland adjacent Chorizandra wetland; weedy edges. High Baumea juncea, E 3 High Alignment passes close on the east side of this wetland. Avoid 006 (Option alignment (Option B) wetland conservation values. Chorizandra enodis incidental disturbance. Control sediment; stay out of wetland. B) on Old Penola Sedgeland Pastoral

RYM 40.8 Wolseley – Mt Remnant vegetation – Blackwood Acacia Allocasuarina luehmannii E 5/4 High Alignment (Option B) meets rail reserve adjacent to the southern 002 – (Option Gambier railway - melanoxylon, Buloke Allocasuarina luehmannii, (Buloke) Woodland / end of this vegetation. Alignment is outside fenced area - should RYM B) from junction with Kangaroo Grass Themeda triandra. Themeda triandra, miss trees and most Kangaroo Grass inside fenced area in rail 003 Option B northward Austrostipa spp. Tussock reserve. Surface disturbance would damage grassland. Grassland Ensure all surface disturbance stays outside fenced area. If crossing railway at this point on alternate route, avoid locating boring pits in fenced area where native vegetation present (i.e. keep in tree plantation on east side) or select locations of lowest impact as determined with botanist.

RYM 40.8 North of the junction Small stand of large, hollow-bearing River Red Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Not on alignment - alignment is south of here; avoid incidental 004 (Option of the alignment Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Black-chinned ssp camaldulensis disturbance. B) (Option B) with Honeyeater. Woodland No access through this area; no storing of equipment, soil, etc. Wolseley – Mt Gambier railway

- 40.8- Adjacent Wolseley– Tree plantings in unmade road reserve on Planted trees and shrubs – - - - Plantings of Australian plants but not local varieties (or local 41.6 Mt Gambier railway eastern side of railway. including Eucalyptus, species in many cases). Not classed as native vegetation. (Option Acacia, Melaleuca species. Limited biodiversity value. B) Alignment (Option B) follows this road reserve. Most planted trees would be removed. Replace plantings if possible.

RYM - Wetland west of Chorizandra wetland. Eucalyptus camaldulensis V/E 5/3 High Alignment (Option B) crosses railway circa 50-60m south of this 001 (Option Wolseley – Mt Brown Quail (V). ssp camaldulensis wetland. Any alternate alignment coming south down the B Gambier railway Woodland / Baumea fenceline should avoid this wetland. alterna juncea, Chorizandra enodis te) Sedgeland

A4-15 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

EA KP Location Flora / fauna issue(s) Vegetation Community Bioreg. Condition Bioreg. Potential Impacts / Mitigation Ref Status Signif.

- 41.8- Adjacent train line Widely spaced mature River Red Gums on Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Tree removal avoided. 42.8 north of Miller Road roadside and in paddocks either side over exotic ssp camaldulensis (and pasture. Woodland alterna te)

PEN0 42.8- Adjacent Argyle Widely spaced mature River Red Gums on Eucalyptus camaldulensis E 5 High Alignment avoids tree loss 21 44.8 Road roadside and in paddocks either side. ssp camaldulensis Woodland Route aligned along road reserve, close to fence and easement 43.5 Ephemeral wetland meadow on eastern side of Floating Waterplants 4 High restricted to 15 m to avoid traversing ephemeral wetland Argyle Road. Herbland meadow

A4-16 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Appendix 5: Landowners on the SESA Pipeline

Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Parcel Name Type Volume Folio Description

Victoria

Crown Allotment 9 Parish of Kanawinka and TV-01 Not for public disclosure CT 10734 190 Crown Allotment 48A Parish of Mageppa TV-01 CT 10734 191 Lots 1 and 2 on Title Plan 828164P TV-02 CT 8454 345 Crown Allotment 21 Parish of Kanawinka Crown Allotments 22A and 25A Parish of TV-02 CT 8454 344 Kanawinka TV-02 CT 8504 398 Crown Allotment 25B Parish of Kanawinka Lot 1 on Title Plan 615998Y (formerly known as part of Crown Allotment 26 Parish TV-02 CT 7107 368 of Kanawinka TV-02 CT 6824 619 Crown Allotment 26A Parish of Kanawinka TV-03 CT 10168 841 Lot 2 on Plan of Subdivision 330244E TV-04 CT 10168 840 Lot 1 on Plan of Subdivision 330244E TV-05 CT 9671 548 Crown Allotment 27A Parish of Kanawinka Lot 1 on Title Plan 600947B (formerly known as part of Crown Allotment 11A TV-05 CT 9394 108 Parish of Kanawinka) Lot 1 on Title Plan 242920R (formerly known as part of Crown Allotment 11A TV-06 CT 8266 486 Parish of Kanawinka) TV-05 CT 9394 107 Crown Allotment 11 Parish of Kanawinka TV-07 CT 9287 383 Crown Allotment 41 Parish of Kanawinka TV-07 CT 9486 097 Lot 13 on Plan of Subdivision 140898 TV-08 CT 9473 359 Lot 1 on Plan of Subdivision 140465 TV-09 CT 9473 361 Lot 3 on Plan of Subdivision 140465 TV-10 CT 9473 360 Lot 2 Plan of Subdivision 140465 South Australia Sections 92, 93, 94, 101, 102, 126, 130, 131, 135, 136, 208, 209 & 419 Hundred TS-01 Not for public disclosure CL 1382 33 Penola TS-03 CR 5666 422 Section 559 Hundred of Penola Allotment 2 Deposited Plan 48447 Hundred TS-02 CT 5569 507 of Penola Allotment 1 Deposited Plan 48447 Hundred TS-02 CT 5569 506 of Penola TS-02 CT 5569 510 Section 219 Hundred of Penola TS-03 CR 5666 424 Section 463 Hundred of Penola Section 217, Allotment comprising Pieces 1 and 2 Deposited Plan 5640 and Allotment 23 TS-03A CL 618 14 in DP 52642 Hundred of Penola TS-04 CL 910 28 Section 132 Hundred of Penola TS-05 CL 1078 7 Section 540 Hundred of Penola Sections 347 & 348 Hundred of Penola, Allotment 4 Filed Plan 4275 Hundred of TS-07 CT 5515 214 Penola TS-08 CL 1109 32 Section 531, Hundred of Penola TS-09 CL 1078 5 Section 533 Hundred of Penola

A5-1 Origin Energy SESA Pipeline EER/EIR

Parcel Name Type Volume Folio Description

Allotment 2 Deposited Plan 61966 Hundred TS-10 CT 5904 934 of Penola Allotment 102 Deposited Plan 26104 TS-11 CT 5348 815 Hundred of Penola Allotment 101 Deposited Plan 26104 TS-11 CT 5348 760 Hundred of Penola

Allotments 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12, Filed Plan TS-12 CT 5166 418 105775, Hundred of Penola

Allotment 5 Deposited Plan 57733 Hundred TS-20 CT 5870 994 of Penola Allotment 6 Deposited Plan 57733 Hundred TS-13 CT 5870 995 of Penola

Allotments 313, 314, 316, 317 & 318 Filed TS-13 CT 5870 996 Plan 216522 Hundred of Penola Allotments 91, 92, 93, 94 and 95 Filed Plan 216690, Allotment comprising Pieces 96 and 97 Filed Plan 216690, Allotments 2, 4, 5 and 7 Deposited Plan 16217, Allotment 1 Deposited Plan 22701, all Hundred of TS-14 CT 5658 66 Penola Allotments 20, 25, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 & 38 Filed Plan 217897 and Allotment comprising Pieces 21 & 22, Allotment comprising Pieces 23 & 24, Allotment comprising Pieces 26 & 27, and Allotment comprising Pieces 30 & 31 Filed TS-14 CT 5782 371 Plan 217897, all Hundred of Penola Section 525, Allotment 558, Allotment 1 & 3 Deposited Plan 17050, Allotment 15 Deposited Plan 20958, Allotment comprising Pieces 109 & 110 Filed Plan 191480, Allotment 121 Filed Plan 191493, Allotment 124 Filed Plan 191496, Allotment 127 Filed Plan 191499, Allotment comprising Pieces 105 and 106 Filed Plan 217098, all Hundred TS-15 CT 5817 636 of Penola

Section 457 Hundred of Penola and Section TS-11 CL 1243 38 100 Hundred of Monbulla Allotment 2 Deposited Plan 52685 Hundred TS-18 CL 1103 9 of Monbulla TS-19 CT 5812 26 Section 166 Hundred of Monbulla TS-19 CL 327 52 Sections 163 & 165, Hundred of Monbulla

A5-2