Conservation Management Zones of Australia

Prepared by the Department of the Environment Acknowledgements This project and its associated products are the result of collaboration between the Department of the Environment’s Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE; Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (DoA), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO researchers Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns underpinned identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

Image Credits Front Cover: Dergholm State Park, Victoria – Bill Doyle Page 4: Glenelg river, Lower Glenelg National Park – Parks Victoria Page 10: Painted Burrowing Frog (Neobatrachus pictus) – Matt Clancy Page 14: Swamp Wallaby (Wallabia bicolor) – Toby Hudson Page 16: Murray River Estuary Coorong National Park – Allan Fox Page 18: Wimmera Bottlebrush (Callistemon wimmerensis) – Reiner Richter Page 21: Southern Brown Bandicoot, Quenda (Isoodon obesulus) – Dave Watts Page 22: Orange-bellied Parrots (Neophema chrysogaster) – Chris Tzaros Page 23: South-eastern Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii graptogyne) – Peter Campbell Page 26: Coorong – Rene Kisselbach Photography Page 28: Gang-gang Cockatoo (Callocephalon fimbriatum) – Benjamint444 Page 29: Sugar Gliders (Petaurus breviceps) – Viper76 Page 33: Lake Monibeong, Discovery Bay Coastal Park – Parks Victoria Page 34: Eucalyptus woodlands with tussock grass, near Naracoorte – Dragi Markovic Page 35: Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey, Brown Stringybark (Eucalyptus baxteri) – Bill Doyle Page 36: Casuarina and Allocasuarina forests and woodlands – Natural Resources South East Page 37: Mallee with tussock grass – Murray Fagg Back Cover: Dergholm State Park, Victoria – Bill Doyle

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

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Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Contents

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country ��2 Introduction ��2 Zone at a glance ��3 Population characteristics ��6 Employment, volunteering and incomes ��9 Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice ��11 Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas �� 13 Zone vegetation characteristics �� 15 Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands ��17 World and National Heritage �� 18 Major National Reserve System properties �� 19 EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities �� 20 EPBC Act (1999) threatened species �� 21 EPBC Act (1999) migratory species �� 27 Threatened endemic species �� 29 Invasive species �� 31 Vegetation profiles and management recommendations �� 33

Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country The Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

2 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Zone at a glance

Area of zone: Population density: 4,862,805 hectares

% of Australia: 2.26 people 0.63% per square kilometre

Zone population characteristics Zone employment characteristics 120,000

3.8% 100,000 108,936

80,000

60,000 Number of people 40,000

20,000

0 otal T er 65 Ov a second language English as

ndigenous 96.2% I outh (15–24) Y

Employed Unemployed

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

3 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Major cities and towns Population Top five agricultural commodities Value (millions)

Horsham 15,260 Lamb $328 Mount Gambier 25,207 Beef $259 Victor Harbour-Goolwa 8,039 Wool $226 Cereals for grain $221 Regional centres Population Dairy $176 Donald 1,355 Total value of agricultural Kingston 1,613 commodities (including other $1,791 commodities not listed here) Millicent 4,802 Naracoorte 4,903 Climate characteristics* Penola 1,330 Mean annual temperature 14.2 Celsius Portland 3,387 Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 27.4 Celsius Robe 1,021 Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 4.4 Celsius Mean Annual Rainfall 549.2 mm Natural Resource Management (NRM) regions Dominant rainfall season Winter Natural Resources SA Murray Darling Basin SA * The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) Natural Resources South East SA representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Glenelg Hopkins Catchment Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? VIC Management Authority International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 North Central Catchment VIC for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package). Management Authority For future climate projections please refer to: Wimmera Catchment http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/ VIC Management Authority

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

4 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Native Title area National Reserve System area

5.7% 9.6%

94.3% 90.4%

Native Title area Other area NRS area Other area

Native vegetation clearance level Number of threatened species by class

5 8 26% 1 1 1 13 1 2

76 32

74%

Cleared (ha) Uncleared (ha) Plants Birds Mammals Fish Reptiles Sharks Insects Crustaceans Frogs Other

Status of EPBC Act listed threatened species, communities and migratory species

Vulnerable species 77

Endangered species 50

Critically endangered species 11

Conservation dependent 2

Migratory species 65

Threatened ecological 10 communities

01632486480

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

5 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Population characteristics

Population

Population by age group Indigenous population by age group

19% 19%

23%

42% 11%

16% 35% 16%

16%

0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 0–14 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Farmer and farm managers by age group Gender of farmers and farm managers

21% 18% 1,581

4,340

57%

15–24 years 25–39 years Male Female 40–64 years 65 years and over

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

6 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Languages spoken at home English 93.38% Other languages 2.99% Not stated 3.58%

Non-English languages spoken at home* Indigenous languages spoken at home**

4.27% 3% 3.47% 19.13% 7.15% 0.37% 1.11%

18.64%

25.18%

8.14%

7.15% 5.40% 97%

Northern European Torres Strait Island Languages (including Scandinavia, Celtic, Germanic, Dutch) Other unspeci ed Australian Indigenous Languages Southern European Eastern European ** Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census Central Asian, Turkic, Iranic and Semitic that they spoke an Indigenous language at home. Southern Asian, Dravidan and Indo-Ayran South-East Asian East Asian Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander African Paci c / Oceanic Sign language

* Please note, these gures are based on the proportion of the population who indicated in the 2011 ABS Census that they spoke a language other than English at home.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

7 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Education

Highest level of educational attainment Highest level of educational attainment – total population – Indigenous community

45% 45%

40% 40%

35% 35%

30% 30%

25% 25%

20% 20%

15% 15%

10% 10%

5% 5%

0% 0% l l e e e e w w ve ve Le Le ti cat ti cat /Not stated /Not stated ti cate ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 ears 11 and 12 Y Y Cer Cer ears 10 or belo ears 10 or belo Y Y Diploma and Diploma and School School nadequately described nadequately described I I School School No Educational Attainment No Educational Attainment Bachelor Degr Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer Diploma & Graduate Cer P P 15–24 years 25–39 years 15–24 years 25–39 years 40–64 years 65 years and over 40–64 years 65 years and over

Highest level of educational attainment Post-school qualication types* – farmers and farm managers 4,500 60% 4,000

50% 3,500 3,000 40% 2,500

30% 2,000 1,500 20% 1,000

10% 500 0 0% l e e w ve 65 years Le ti cat and above /Not stated 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old ti cate ee/Graduat ee/Advanced ears 11 and 12 Y Cer ears 10 or belo Y Natural and Physical Sciences Diploma and School

nadequately described Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies I School

No Educational Attainment Health and education Bachelor Degr ostgraduate Degr Diploma & Graduate Cer

P Architecture, building, society and culture and creative arts 15–24 years 25–39 years Information Technology, Management 40–64 years 65 years and over and Commerce and service industries

* Please note, this table omits quali cations of mixed eld, quali cations that are not adequately described, and information relating to census respondents who have not stated their quali cation or are not applicable (i.e. Not of age to have post-school quali cation). Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

8 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Employment status of general population* Employment by industry 100%

7% 80% 17% 2% 12% 60% 1%

40% 11%

20% 15%

0% 13% 4% 65 years

and above 18% 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old

Employed Agriculture, forestry and sheries Unemployed Mining Not in labour force or not stated Manufacturing Utilities, construction and transport Employment* Please note the %status gures are of relative general to each population* of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are Employmentaggregates of the following status Au ofstra Indigenouslian Bureau of Statis population*tics categories: Employed = Employed full-time;Health, Employed Social par Assistance,t-time; Education and training and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time 100%100% Public administration and safety work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the populationWholesale that is not and of r etail trade 80% working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for Serthisvices report, 80%as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population. Food, accommodation, arts and recreation Unknown/not stated 60%60%

40%40%

20%20%

0% 0% 65 years 65 years and above and above ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous ndigenous I I I I 15–24 years old 25–39 years old 40–64 years old 15–24 years old 40–64 years old 25–39 years old

EmployeEmployed d UnemployeUnemployed d Not Notin labour in labour force fo orrce not or statednot stated * Please note the % gures are relative to each of the age groupings of the population. The categories above are aggregates of the following Australian Bureau of Statistics categories: Employed = Employed full-time; Employed part-time; and Employed away from work. Unemployed = Unemployed looking for full-time work; and Unemployed looking for part-time work. Not in the Labour Force or Not Stated = Not in the Labour Force; and Not Stated. Please note the ‘not applicable’ category has been omitted from the analysis. Not applicable applies to the proportion of the population that is not of working age (e.g. 0–15 year olds and retired). ABS 2011 Census Labour Force data has been utilised for this report, as the national quarterly employment gures are derived from a relatively small sample of the population.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

9 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Volunteering Income

Volunteering rates Total household income (% of households)*

70%

10.2% 60%

50% 26.6% 8.3% 2.2% 40%

30%

20%

10%

0% 65 years

and above 52.8% 40–64 years old 25–39 years old 15–24 years old

Not a volunteer Under $20,800 $20,800–64,999 $65,000–$103,999 Volunteer Over $104,000 Not Stated/Partially Stated Not stated or not applicable * Please note these gures have been derived from the ABS Equivalised Total Household Income (HIED)Census 2011 data. ABS data categories have been aggregated for the purposes of this report. For more information see: http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome. nsf/home/statementsdwellinghied?opendocument&navpos=430 In the 2011–12 nancial year, persons who earned $67,500 or less were eligible for Low Income Tax Oset. Human Services applied the following de nitions of “low income” as eligibility criteria for the Low Income Supplement in the 2012–13 nancial year: Income below $30,000 for singles, $45,000 combined for couples, or $60,000 combined for couples or singles with a dependent child.

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

10 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice Australian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Number of people employed in agriculture, shing, forestry and downstream industries

Agriculture industries (production) 7,362

Agriculture downstream industries, including 1,915 services, food and beverage

Fishing industry, including production and downstream 386 seafood processing and wholesaling Forestry industry, including production, logging, sawmilling 2,431 and downstream wood and paper product manufacturing

Agricultural commodity values

Value of agricultural commodities^ $350

$300

$250

$200 illions M $150

$100

$50

$0 y y y ts rk ool ruit ops Ha Po F Beef Nuts Eggs W Dair Lamb Goats oultr oduc P e cr or seed or grain Oilseeds oadacr Cereals for grain egume f or consumption L egetables f ther meat pr V ther br O O Nurseries and cut owers egetables f V

^ Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Value of Agricultural Commodities Produced. The value estimates in this publication are derived by the multiplication of price and quantity estimates of agricultural commodities. Price information is estimated based on the average unit value of a given commodity realised in the market place. For more information please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/7503.0Explanatory%20Notes12010-11?OpenDocument

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

11 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

Feral animal control*^ Native vegetation protection and regeneration* (% of agricultural holdings) (% of agricultural holdings) 100% 6% 90% 5% 80%

70% 4% 60%

50% 3% 40% 2% 30%

20% 1% 10% 0% 0% e ol tio n ther O essur eral goats F eral animals cluding stock of f No management ther (unspeci ed) Managing weeds eral animal contr f O Stopping mechanical or chemical destruc Reducing grazing pr encing o /ex F

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

Sought advice when adopting Sources of advice**^ native vegetation management**

36.81%

63.19% s s s s s s s No No No No No No No Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye Ye oup oup gion nment ch and ver tion gr e or farmer rmer gr Go Resear Fa A/NRM re tension o cer oduc ex CM pr ivate consultant or agribusiness agent eers or neighbours Landcar employed facilitator P Pr

Yes No elopment Corporation Dev

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only. ^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice. For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-practice-change.pdf

12 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Land tenure Land use

4.80% 3% 13.69% 5% 4% 3.45% 0.2% 2%

15% 45%

26% 78.06%

Crown Land – Public Grazing Native Vegetation Crown Land – Unknown – Leased Cropping and horticulture Freehold – Unknown Conservation and Natural Environments No Data/Unknown Water (natural) Plantation Forestry Industry, Residential, Services and Mining Production from Irrigated Agriculture and Plantations Other Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/Pages/Default.aspx

Indigenous Land Councils South Australian Native Title Services: http://www.nativetitlesa.org Barengi Gadjin Land Council: www.bglc.com.au Native Title Services Victoria: http://ntsv.com.au

Native Title and Traditional Owners Traditional Owners Registered Native Title Body Corporate Hectares % of zone Barengi Gadjin Land Council Aboriginal Wotjobaluk People 201,953 4.15 Corporation RNTBC Gunditj Mirring Traditional Owners Aboriginal Gunditjmara People 77,289 1.59 Corporation RNTBC Source: The Native Title Tribunal Register, October 2013. For more information please refer to: http://www.nntt.gov.au/Pages/Searchportal.aspx

13 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Local Government Areas Local Government Areas Alexandrina Council SA Ararat Rural City VIC City Of Mount Gambier SA Buloke Shire VIC Coorong Dc SA Glenelg Shire VIC Dc Of Robe SA Hindmarsh Shire VIC Kingston Dc SA Horsham Rural City VIC Naracoorte Lucindale Council SA Northern Grampians Shire VIC Tatiara Dc SA Pyrenees Shire VIC The Dc Of Grant SA West Wimmera Shire VIC The Rural City Of Murray Bridge SA Yarriambiack Shire VIC Wattle Range Council SA

14 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Zone vegetation characteristics

Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVS) with >1% original distribution within zone 45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

0% , s, ey ey ey ey ey ey ey es rn fe , lak , rushes or Heathlands , dams ther shrublands open shrublands O , sedges ests and woodlands ests and woodlands r r eshwater wet tussock grassland a shrubby understor fo fo ther tussock grasslands Fr herbs O lagoons or aquatic plants with a grassy understor Melaleuca shrublands and a tussock grass understor a tussock grass understor Eucalyptus woodlands with Eucalyptus woodlands with Casuarina and Allocasuarina Eucalyptus open woodlands emperate tussock grasslands Open mallee woodlands and Open mallee woodlands and a dense shrubby understor T sparse mallee shrublands with sparse mallee shrublands with Eucalyptus woodlands with ther Acacia O Mallee with a tussock grass understor Mallee with a denseshrubby understor Pre 1750 percentage of CMZ area Present day percentage of CMZ area

15 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

16 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands

Ramsar wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares The Coorong, and Lakes SA 141327.68 Alexandrina and Albert Wetland For more information on Ramsar please refer to: Bool and Hacks Lagoons SA 3303.08 http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our- environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

Nationally Important Wetlands Jurisdiction Hectares Criteria Bitter Swamp VIC 31.66 1, 3 Boiler Swamp System VIC 528.12 1, 2 Bool and Hacks Lagoon SA 3,303.27 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 Bunguluke Wetlands, Tyrrell Creek & Lalbert Creek Floodplain VIC 3,223.22 1, 2 Butchers & Salt Lakes SA 116.98 1, 3, 5 Creswick Swamp VIC 20.81 1, 3, 5 Deadmans Swamp SA 124.25 1, 3 Dergholm (Youpayang) Wetlands VIC 164.99 1, 3 Ewens Ponds SA 10.19 1, 5, 6 Friedman’s Salt Lake VIC 61.97 1, Glenelg Estuary VIC 111.94 1, 2, 3, 5, 6 The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification Glenelg River VIC 2,726.17 1, 3, 4 system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and Grass Flat (Telfer’s) Swamp VIC 116.44 1, 3 Hately’s Lake (Swamp) VIC 265.85 1, 3 distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape. Heards Lake VIC 148.97 4 Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation Honans Scrub SA 232.63 1, 5 distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. Lake Buloke Wetlands VIC 8,307.77 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Lake Frome & Mullins Swamp SA 1,292.83 1, 2, 3 Lindsay-Werrikoo Wetlands VIC 2,311.51 1, 2, 3 Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums Long Swamp VIC 1,045.65 1, 3, 5, 6 (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type Marshes Swamp SA 308.09 1, 3, 5 occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present Mitre Lake VIC 511.09 1, 2, 3, 4 are therefore not represented. Mundi-Selkirk Wetlands VIC 4,047.36 1, 2, 3 Naen Naen Swamp & Gum Lagoon SA 182.87 3, 5 It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is Natimuk Lake, Natimuk Creek & Lake Wyn Wyn VIC 1,098.50 1, 3, 4 of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, Oliver’s Swamp (Lake) VIC 375.88 1, 3, 4 and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy. Piccaninnie Ponds SA 187.87 1, 5, 6 Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater Poocher & Mundulla Swamps SA 200.76 2, 6 discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. Saint Marys Lake VIC 144.26 3 South East Coastal Salt Lakes SA 14,692.40 1, 3, 6 For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. The Coorong, Lake Alexandrina & Lake Albert SA 138,835.62 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory Watervalley Wetlands SA 8,164.04 1, 3, 4 originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of White Lake VIC 585.76 2, 3, 4 this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, Wimmera River VIC 1,087.15 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria: (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication 1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia. 2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex. of change in extent, and not vegetation condition. 3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail. For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: 4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa. 5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level. http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system 6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance. Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

17 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands World and National Heritage

Heritage Heritage values World or National type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone Australian Fossil Mammal World and National Natural SA 297.16 0.01 Sites (Naracoorte) Grampians National National Natural VIC 941.19 0.02 Park (Gariwerd) Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

18 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Major National Reserve System properties

Major National Reserve System properties IUCN Name Property type Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone category Little Desert National Park II VIC 131,406 2.70 Coorong National Park II SA 48,124 0.99 Ngarkat Conservation Park IA SA 26,968 0.55 Lower Glenelg National Park II VIC 21,409 0.44 Jilpanger N.C.R. Natural Features Reserve IA VIC 12,252 0.25 Messent Conservation Park III SA 11,581 0.24 Discovery Bay Conservation Park III VIC 10,410 0.21 Coastal Park Dergholm State Park II VIC 10,128 0.21 Canunda National Park VI SA 9,573 0.20 Gum Lagoon Conservation Park VI SA 8,900 0.18 Mount Arapiles-Tooan State Park II VIC 7,057 0.15 Cobboboonee National Park II VIC 6,473 0.13 Tooloy-Lake Mundi W.R. Natural Features Reserve VI VIC 4,122 0.08 Mount Boothby Conservation Park IA SA 4,094 0.08 Tallageira N.C.R. Natural Features Reserve IA VIC 3,751 0.08 Wilkin F.F.R. Nature Conservation Reserve IA VIC 3,233 0.07 Lake Hawdon South Conservation Park VI SA 3,174 0.07 Bool Lagoon Game Reserve VI SA 3,093 0.06 Unnamed (No.HA459) Heritage Agreement III SA 2,850 0.06 Martin Washpool Conservation Park III SA 2,850 0.06

The IUCN categories are as follows: Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories Ib Wilderness Area classify protected areas according to their II National Park management objectives. The categories are III Natural Monument or Feature recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many IV Habitat/Species Management Area national governments, including the Australian V Protected Landscape/Seascape Government, as the global standard for VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources defining and recording protected areas. Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/ For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

19 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities

Threatened ecological communities Name Listing status % of total distribution* % of zone** Swamps of the Fleurieu Peninsula Critically Endangered 29.25 0.01 Seasonal Herbaceous Wetlands (Freshwater) Critically Endangered 16.14 0.13 of the Temperate Lowland Plains Natural Grasslands of the Murray Valley Plains Critically Endangered 8.53 0.41 Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodlands and Derived Native Endangered 4.33 1.55 Grasslands of South-eastern Australia White Box-Yellow Box-Blakely’s Red Gum Grassy Woodland Critically Endangered 3.8 1.81 and Derived Native Grassland Buloke Woodlands of the Riverina and Endangered 0.98 0.00 Murray-Darling Depression Bioregions Grassy Eucalypt Woodland of Critically Endangered 0.11 0.06 the Victorian Volcanic Plain Peppermint Box (Eucalyptus odorata) Critically Endangered 0.44 0.25 Grassy Woodland of South Australia Natural Temperate Grassland Critically Endangered 0.85 0.58 of the Victorian Volcanic Plain Giant Kelp Marine Forests Endangered n/a n/a of South East Australia * % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed underThe Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

20 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands EPBC Act (1999) threatened species

Threatened mammals % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Miniopterus schreibersii Critically Southern Bent-wing Bat 53.26 4.06 bassanii Endangered Dayang, Heath Rat Pseudomys shortridgei Vulnerable 27.06 5.51 Southern Brown Bandicoot (Eastern) Isoodon obesulus obesulus Endangered 19.85 15.61 Spot-tailed Quoll, Spotted-tail Quoll, Tiger Quoll (southeastern Dasyurus maculatus maculatus Endangered 0.04 0.15 mainland population) May be May be Long-nosed Potoroo (SE mainland) Potorous tridactylus tridactylus Vulnerable present present May be May be Konoom, Smoky Mouse Pseudomys fumeus Endangered present present May be May be Grey-headed Flying-fox Pteropus poliocephalus Vulnerable present present May be May be Brush-tailed Rock-wallaby Petrogale penicillata Vulnerable present present May be May be South-eastern Long-eared Bat Nyctophilus corbeni Vulnerable present present Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea Vulnerable n/a n/a Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a

21 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Threatened birds % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Calyptorhynchus Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo (south-eastern) Endangered 89.76 26.34 banksii graptogyne Psophodes Western Whipbird (eastern) Vulnerable 18.21 8.03 nigrogularis leucogaster Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 12.71 15.06 Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 9.43 71.87 Critically Orange-bellied Parrot Neophema chrysogaster 7.72 10.06 Endangered Swift Parrot Lathamus discolor Endangered 7.16 26.43 Plains-wanderer Pedionomus torquatus Vulnerable 2.26 3.31 Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 1.25 4.99 Southern Emu-wren (Fleurieu Peninsula), Stipiturus Endangered 1.03 0.02 Mount Lofty Southern Emu-wren malachurus intermedius Mallee Emu-wren Stipiturus mallee Endangered 1 0.29 Red-lored Whistler Pachycephala rufogularis Vulnerable 0.62 0.35 Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.38 8.38 Regent Honeyeater Anthochaera phrygia Endangered 0.09 0.47 Polytelis Regent Parrot (eastern) Vulnerable 0.04 0.07 anthopeplus monarchoides May be Slender-billed Thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Vulnerable n/a present

22 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Threatened birds % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Glossy Black-Cockatoo (Kangaroo Calyptorhynchus May be Island), Glossy Black-Cockatoo Endangered n/a lathami halmaturinus present (South Australian) White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable n/a n/a Diomedea Southern Royal Albatross Vulnerable n/a n/a epomophora epomophora Diomedea Northern Royal Albatross Endangered n/a n/a epomophora sanfordi Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable n/a n/a Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche cauta salvini Vulnerable n/a n/a Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered n/a n/a Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a Antipodean Albatross Diomedea exulans antipodensis Vulnerable n/a n/a Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a Thalassarche Campbell Albatross Vulnerable n/a n/a melanophris impavida Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Endangered n/a n/a Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Vulnerable n/a n/a Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered n/a n/a Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

23 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Threatened reptiles % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Striped Legless Lizard Delma impar Vulnerable 15.63 21.13 Pink-tailed Worm-lizard, Aprasia parapulchella Vulnerable 0.01 0.01 Pink-tailed Legless Lizard Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered n/a n/a Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered n/a n/a

Other threatened fauna % of total % of Common name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Ewens Pygmy Perch, Golden Pygmy Nannoperca variegata Vulnerable 32.23 0.20 Perch, Variegated Pygmy Perch Murray Cod Maccullochella peelii Vulnerable 22.44 0.07 Glenelg Spiny Freshwater Crayfish, Euastacus bispinosus Endangered 20.96 0.57 Pricklyback Eastern Dwarf Galaxias, Dwarf Galaxias Galaxiella pusilla Vulnerable 19.79 3.64 Yarra Pygmy Perch Nannoperca obscura Vulnerable 12.83 0.28 Murray Hardyhead Craterocephalus fluviatilis Endangered 12.50 3.03 Growling Grass Frog, Southern Bell Frog, Green and Golden Frog, Litoria raniformis Vulnerable 10.16 45.46 Warty Swamp Frog Australian Grayling Prototroctes maraena Vulnerable 0.20 0.04 May be May be Macquarie Perch Macquaria australasica Endangered present present Critically May be May be Golden Sun Moth Synemon plana Endangered present present May be May be Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable present present School Shark, Eastern School Shark, Conservation Galeorhinus galeus n/a n/a Snapper Shark, Tope, Soupfin Shark Dependent Conservation Southern Bluefin Tuna Thunnus maccoyii n/a n/a Dependent

24 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Spyridium sp. Little Desert Forked Spyridium Endangered 100.00 0.03 (N.G.Walsh 4767) Critically Avenue Cassinia Cassinia tegulata 100.00 6.68 Endangered Critically Wimmera Bottlebrush Callistemon wimmerensis 100.00 0.07 Endangered Little Dip Spider-orchid Caladenia richardsiorum Endangered 99.83 0.34 Hibbertia humifusa Dergholm Guinea-flower Vulnerable 98.29 0.02 subsp. debilis Limestone Spider-orchid Caladenia calcicola Vulnerable 96.72 0.14 Ixodia achillaeoides Sand Ixodia, Ixodia Vulnerable 95.87 2.90 subsp. arenicola Critically Fleurieu Leek Orchid Prasophyllum murfetii 95.09 1.24 Endangered Elegant Spider-orchid, Caladenia formosa Vulnerable 93.67 2.37 Blood-red Spider-orchid Pimelea spinescens Critically Wimmera Rice-flower 91.29 0.88 subsp. pubiflora Endangered Melblom’s Spider-orchid Caladenia hastata Endangered 90.03 0.21 Wrinkled Cassinia Cassinia rugata Vulnerable 82.15 0.09 Coloured Spider-orchid, Small Western Caladenia colorata Endangered 81.43 23.26 Spider-orchid, Painted Spider-orchid Austral Pipewort, Southern Pipewort Eriocaulon australasicum Endangered 75.11 0.15 Floodplain Rustyhood Pterostylis cheraphila Vulnerable 73.03 9.36 Sandhill Greenhood Orchid Pterostylis arenicola Vulnerable 72.27 10.53 Whipstick Westringia Westringia crassifolia Endangered 68.85 0.36 Metallic Sun-orchid Thelymitra epipactoides Endangered 61.43 76.48 None Aphanes pentamera Vulnerable 51.99 10.99 Dwarf Yellow-heads Trichanthodium baracchianum Vulnerable 51.08 0.55 Coast Spider-orchid Caladenia conferta Endangered 49.37 0.03 Wimmera Spider-orchid Caladenia lowanensis Endangered 47.52 0.15 Turnip Copperbur Sclerolaena napiformis Endangered 45.68 3.72 Swamp Fireweed, Senecio psilocarpus Vulnerable 45.65 0.83 Smooth-fruited Groundsel Western Water-starwort Callitriche cyclocarpa Vulnerable 40.06 5.97 Large-fruit Fireweed, Senecio macrocarpus Vulnerable 39.08 6.98 Large-fruit Groundsel Leafy Greenhood Pterostylis cucullata Vulnerable 38.45 9.10 Yellow-lip Spider-orchid Caladenia xanthochila Endangered 36.39 0.10 Downy Star-bush Asterolasia phebalioides Vulnerable 34.20 3.65 Swamp Greenhood, Pterostylis tenuissima Vulnerable 33.99 0.26 Dainty Swamp Orchid

25 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Threatened flora % of total % of Common Name Scientific name Status distribution* zone** Candy Spider-orchid Caladenia versicolor Vulnerable 30.75 0.84 Hairy-pod Wattle Acacia glandulicarpa Vulnerable 30.40 4.80

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone. ** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone. The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

26 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands EPBC Act (1999) migratory species

Migratory birds Migratory birds Common name Scientific name Common name Scientific name Oriental Plover, Antipodean Albatross Diomedea antipodensis Charadrius veredus Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica Oriental Dotterel Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Rostratula benghalensis Painted Snipe Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa (sensu lato) Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus Buller’s Albatross Thalassarche bulleri Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Red-tailed Calyptorhynchus Black-Cockatoo Cattle Egret Ardea ibis banksii graptogyne (south-eastern) Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus Salvin’s Albatross Thalassarche salvini Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis Sanderling Calidris alba Flesh-footed Shearwater, Puffinus carneipes Fleshy-footed Shearwater Satin Flycatcher Myiagra cyanoleuca Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata Great Egret, Short-tailed Shearwater Puffinus tenuirostris Ardea alba White Egret Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris Tasmanian Shy Albatross (sensu stricto) Greater Sand Plover, Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Charadrius leschenaultii Large Sand Plover Southern Diomedea epomophora Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola Royal Albatross (sensu stricto) Grey-headed Albatross Thalassarche chrysostoma Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena Latham’s Snipe, Diomedea exulans Gallinago hardwickii Wandering Albatross Japanese Snipe (sensu lato) Lesser Sand Plover, Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus Charadrius mongolus Mongolian Plover White-bellied Little Curlew, Haliaeetus leucogaster Numenius minutus Sea-Eagle Little Whimbrel White-capped Thalassarche steadi Little Tern Sterna albifrons Albatross Marsh Sandpiper, White-throated Tringa stagnatilis Hirundapus caudacutus Little Greenshank Needletail Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Northern Diomedea sanfordi Royal Albatross

27 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Other migratory species Common name Scientific name Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

28 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Threatened endemic species

Threatened endemic species Taxonomic group Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status Mammals Macropus greyi n/a Extinct Extinct Plants Caladenia fulva Recorded in reserves Endangered Plants Caladenia richardsiorum Recorded in reserves Endangered Not recorded Critically Plants Cassinia tegulata in reserves Endangered

29 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands -natural- http://www. The colour grids andnumbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts. Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. moreFor information please refer to: environment.gov.au/topics/ heritage/publications-and- resources/australian heritage-assessment-tool s n s l e de s ce ie d ve ra lu th . rd

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30 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Invasive species

Invasive mammals Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.89 100 House Mouse Mus musculus 1.37 100 Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.79 100 Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.63 100 Brown Hare Lepus capensis 4.78 97.68 Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 3.48 79.49 Goat Capra hircus 1.46 64.19 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 1.34 46.81 Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 5.47 43.05 Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.5 25.83 Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 2.63 10.29 Pig Sus scrofa 0.02 1.59

Other invasive fauna Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 2.25 100 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 1.65 100 Skylark Alauda arvensis 7.53 100 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 5.42 100 Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 5.31 100 Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 1.81 94.90 Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 4.05 69.31 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 4.51 65.58 European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris 6.94 28.15 Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 1.14 12.09 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus 1.27 2.08 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 0.13 0.75

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

31 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Invasive flora Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone** Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Asparagus asparagoides 5.85 98.83 Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus Chrysanthemoides Boneseed 11.41 74.65 monilifera subsp. monilifera Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 4.16 71.25 Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea 22.04 65.53 African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 5.71 61.79 Gorse, Furze Ulex europaeus 7.28 59.62 Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 5 58.05 Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua 1.39 34.00 Salix spp. except S.babylonica, Willows except Weeping Willow, S.x calodendron & 2.42 32.85 Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow S.x reichardtii Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Solanum elaeagnifolium 6.67 20.49 Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Pinus radiata 73.32 16.97 Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine Serrated Tussock, Yass River Tussock, Nassella trichotoma 2.48 14.78 Yass Tussock, Nassella Tussock (NZ) Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 1.68 13.14 Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, Genista monspessulana 2.95 9.05 French Broom, Soft Broom Mesquite, Algaroba Prosopis spp. 0.65 8.08 Chilean Needle grass Nassella neesiana 0.91 4.89 Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0.05 3.66 Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Anredera cordifolia 1.86 3.56 Heartleaf Madeiravine, Potato Vine Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus declinatus 21.28 2.51 Asparagus Fern, South African Creeper Broom, English Broom, Scotch Broom, Common Broom, Cytisus scoparius 0.39 1.93 Scottish Broom, Spanish Broom Asparagus Fern, Climbing Asparagus Fern Asparagus scandens 4.63 1.83 Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 0.85 1.65 Flax-leaved Broom, Genista linifolia 1.95 1.64 Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarix aphylla 0.07 1.08 Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress, Salt Cedar Prickly Pears Austrocylindropuntia spp. 3.24 0.82 * % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone. ** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone. For more information on invasive species please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

32 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

33 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Eucalyptus woodlands with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

43.7%

5.84% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus melliodora; Eucalyptus microcarpa; Pimelea curviflora; Melicytus 2.6% dentatus; Acacia paradoxa; Acacia genistifolia; y

Austrodanthonia racemosa; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; -1750 Pre

Neurachne alopecuroidea; Pentapogon quadrifidus; esent da Daucus glochidiatus; Elymus scaber; Dianella revoluta; Pr Poa sieberiana; Austrodanthonia setacea; tussock grass.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Retain and replant Exclude stock Fence off remnants Small scale mosaic Monitor and manage Monitor and Manage rabbits and native vegetation during spring and to allow natural burning may native herbivore eradicate new foxes simultaneously to protect against early summer regeneration. If no be appropriate, populations. weed invasions. to avoid foxes dryland salinity. when understorey regeneration occurs, and assist with Spot spraying, hand switching to may be flowering. plant tube stock from weed removal, Add coarse woody pulling and chipping predation on native Purchase high locally sourced seed. but seek advice debris to provide are preferable species, or increases quality remnants Do not continuous from your local habitat. Recycled removal methods. in rabbit populations. into reservation. set stock. 3 days Use hand broadcast, NRM organisation timbers are fine, but Stagger removal so on; 28 days rest brush mulching, and SA Country should be untreated. as to not leave large Encourage uptake is appropriate. niche seeding, node Fire Service prior areas of bare ground of conservation In remnants with seeding, direct drill to proceeding. as weed cover may agreements Manage total and hand planting few hollow-bearing be providing habitat and covenants grazing pressure to reestablish trees, provide for native fauna. on private land. (including from ferals vegetation strata. nesting boxes. Slashing and mowing and kangaroos). Monitor boxes may be appropriate Protect from Maintain a minimum Reestablishment of regularly for weed control infrastructure sward height of indigenous species invasive species. methods, but should and development 5cm at all times. is best undertaken be timed to avoid activities. following control Fencing should not breeding season of Avoid cultivation of exotic plants, adversely affect ground-dwelling Ban firewood and soil disturbance. fire or after rain in native fauna. No birds. and bush rock electric fencing warmer months. Prevent soil harvesting. Retain Do not apply as bottom strand, fallen timber, leaf fertiliser and avoid disturbance in and no barbed wire. around remnants. litter and standing spray drift from dead trees. adjacent paddocks. Avoid adverse impacts from chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds.

34 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

10.1%

63.43% 6.4% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus leucoxylon; Eucalyptus arenacea; Eucalyptus camaldulensis; Eucalyptus baxteri; Eucalyptus obliqua;

Brachyloma daphnoides; Calytrix tetragona; Leucopogon y

parviflorus; Acacia verticillata; Drosera peltata; -1750 Pre

Lepidosperma carphoides; Microlaena stipoides; Elymus esent da scaber; Neurachne alopecuroidea; sedge; tussock grass. Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Retain and replant Exclude stock Increase connectivity Small scale mosaic Monitor and manage Spot spraying, hand Manage rabbits and native vegetation during spring and between remnants. burning may be native herbivore pulling and chipping foxes simultaneously to protect against early summer appropriate, and populations. are preferable weed to avoid foxes dryland salinity. when understorey Fence off remnants assist with weed removal methods. switching to may be flowering. to allow natural removal, but seek Add coarse woody predation on native Purchase high regeneration. advice from local debris to provide Stagger weed species, or increases quality remnants If possible, exclude If no regeneration NRM organisation habitat. Recycled removal so as to not in rabbit populations. into reservation. stock altogether from occurs, inplant with and SA Country timbers are leave large areas remnants that are tube stock from Fire Service fine, but should of bare ground, Encourage uptake being rehabilitated. locally sourced seed. prior to proceeding. be untreated. as weed cover may of conservation be providing habitat agreements Avoid fertiliser Use hand broadcast, In remnants with few for native fauna. and covenants drift from adjacent brush mulching, hollow-bearing trees, on private land. crops and pastures. niche seeding, node provide nesting seeding, direct drill boxes. Monitor Ban firewood and and hand planting boxes regularly for bush rock harvesting. to reestablish invasive species. Retain fallen timber, vegetation strata. leaf litter and Fencing should standing dead trees. Reestablishment of not adversely indigenous species affect native fauna. is best undertaken No electric fencing following control as bottom strand, of exotic plants, no barbed wire. fire or after rain in warmer months.

35 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Casuarina and Allocasuarina forests and woodlands vegetation profile

Change in extent

6.4%

6.18% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Allocasuarina luehmannii; Allocasuarina verticillata; Callitris gracilis subsp. Murrayensis; Bursaria spinosa 0.4% ssp. Spinosa; Eucalyptus diversifolia; Pimelea curviflora; y

Austrostipa scabra; Austrostipa nodosa; Whalleya proluta; -1750 Pre

Thomasia petalocalyx; Pomaderris paniculosa; Helichrysum esent da leucopsideum; Austrostipa elegantissima; Lomandra effusa; Pr tussock grass; forb; rush.

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Purchase key Permanently exclude Replant Manage populations Spot spraying, hand Manage goats remnants heavy grazing woody species of kangaroos to pulling and chipping and rabbits and into reservation. from remnants where appropriate. sustainable levels, are preferable weed protect vegetation with an intact, to ensure they do removal methods. from their impacts. Encourage uptake native ground layer. As far as not adversely affect of conservation possible, restore regeneration of Stagger weed Manage rabbits and agreements Exclude stock from environmental water Buloke Woodlands. removal so as to not foxes simultaneously and covenants remnants or areas flows to maximize leave large areas to avoid foxes on private land. with scattered trees the potential for of bare ground, as from switching for a few years to floodwaters to reach weed cover may be to predation on Establish buffers of allow regeneration, terminal lakes after providing habitat native species, indigenous shrubs then protect the sustained rainfall. for native fauna. and/or increases in around all small young trees if rabbit populations. reserves, to reduce stock need to be aeolian soil and re-introduced. fertilizer drift. Limit eucalyptus Avoid changes plantings in buloke to water tables remnants as this can through protecting encourage noisy existing vegetation. miner invasions.

Protect standing Avoid fertiliser dead trees and herbicide and fallen timber. application.

36 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands Mallee with a tussock grass understorey vegetation profile

Change in extent

0.1% Remaining

Commonly found species within this community Eucalyptus dumosa; Eucalyptus rugosa; Eucalyptus leptophylla; Melaleuca lanceolata; Dianella revoluta; 0%

Danthonia sp; Lasiopetalum baueri; Rhagodia spinescens; y

Austrodanthonia setacea; Austrodanthonia caespitosa; -1750 Pre

Austrostipa scabra; tussock grass; forb; sedge. esent da Pr

Management recommendations

Protection Sustainable Rehabilitation Fire Wildlife Weed Feral Disease Agricultural Management Management Management Animal Management Practice Management

Retain and replant Exclude stock from Undertake Reduce the Protect, and where Actively manage Monitor and manage native vegetation remnants to enable restoration on sites occurrence of large appropriate, fence weeds when feral goats, foxes, to protect against natural regeneration. with few mature fires, and use mosaic important wildlife undertaking rabbits and hares, dryland salinity. overstorey species burning techniques. habitat, including restoration activities especially near Create windbreaks and/or if there for Malleefowl. to ensure weeds habitat for wildlife Close or fence with mallee is no evidence Ensure mosaic burns do not compete such as Malleefowl. artificial sources of species to reduce of regeneration. are targeted at Minimise grain for soil moisture water in conservation the impacts different age classes spillage if with vulnerable Control foxes and reserves as these may of soil erosion. Choose mallee of vegetation, to transporting native replantings. rabbits/hares attract feral species species that occur on ensure age diversity grain through simultaneously Reduce tillage A 1-metre radius and trampling. similar soils and slope between, and within, Malleefowl habitat weed free to avoid foxes in zones aspect. Match the remnant patches. as this attracts buffer should be to switching to Encourage uptake around remnants. relative abundance them onto roads. maintained around predation on native of conservation of different species Discourage species, or increased Avoid creating native woody plants. agreements according to intact broad-scale burning Erect signs in Use spot control rabbit/hare new access and covenants remnant patches. for agricultural Malleefowl habitat to maintain this. populations. on private land. tracks and roads purposes in to warn drivers that through remnants. Manage wildlife Malleefowl habitat. Malleefowl may Apply herbicides Monitor for corridors between be on the road. to actively growing Red-legged earth remnant patches. Avoid clearing weeds and mites. Populations roadsides Monitor and manage avoid spray drift. should be managed Create buffer zones for firebreaks. native herbivore with a soil active Do not leave areas around remnants populations. insecticide. by revegetating of bare ground to avoid wind and previously cleared water erosion of lands with mallee soils. Retain some and ground weed cover and storey species. stagger removal and replacement with native grasses.

37 / Conservation Management Zones of Australia, Naracoorte Woodlands ALC100.0915