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QUATERNARY ANTELOPE REMAINS from a SECOND CAVE DEPOSIT in the ORGAN MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO by CHESTER STOCK

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QUATERNARY ANTELOPE REMAINS from a SECOND CAVE DEPOSIT in the ORGAN MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO by CHESTER STOCK Los Angeles Museum Publication No. 2 QUATERNARY ANTELOPE REMAINS FROM A SECOND CAVE DEPOSIT IN THE ORGAN MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO by CHESTER STOCK Science Series No. 2 Paleontology No. 2 PP. 1-18, 3 Figs. in Text Los Angeles, California May 29, 1930 List of Illustrations Introduction . Tetrameryx(?) conk/ingi Description of Materia' Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeletc Conclusions LI Fig. 1. Tetrameryx (?) NOTICE holotype, No. Reference to or citations from this 175; fig. 1 c, n publication should be made by x 1.0. Los A page and publication number only. deposits, Shelt Fig. 2. Tetrameryx (?) No. 179, ante1 No. 180, anter Museum Col Cave, Organ I\. Fig. 3. Tetrameryx (?) cannon bone, r 3 b1, posterior c views; x 1.0. nary deposits, CONTENTS PAGE List of Illustrations 3 Introduction . 5 Tetrameryx(?) conklingi, n. sp. 6 Description of Material Axial Skeleton 6 Appendicular Skeleton 13 Conclusions 18 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1. Tetrameryx (.?) conklingi, n. sp. Fig. la, left horn cores, holotype, No. 174; fig. 1 b, right anterior horn core, No. this 175; fig. 1 c, ramus of mandible, No. 176; lateral views, ' by x 1.0. Los Angeles Museum Collection. Quaternary mlj. deposits, Shelter Cave, Organ Mts., New Mexico 7 1 Fig. 2. Tetrameryx (?) conklingi, n. sp. Fig. 2a, 2a , humerus, No. 179, anterior and distal views; fig. 2b, 2b1, radius, No. 180, anterior and distal views; x 1.0. Los Angeles Museum Collection. Quaternary deposits, Shelter Cave, Organ Mts., New Mexico. 11 Fig. 3. Tetrameryx (.?) conklingi, n. sp. Fig. 3a, 3a1, anterior cannon bone, No. 185, anterior and lateral views; fig. 3 b, 3b1, posterior cannon bone, No. 187, anterior and lateral . views; x 1.0. Los Angeles Museum Collection. Quater- nary deposits, Shelter Cave, Organ Mts., New Mexico. 15 QUATERNARY ANTELOPE REMAINS FROM A SECOND CAVE DEPOSIT IN THE ORGAN MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO by CHESTER STOCK INTRODUCTION Explorations conducted by Mr. Roscoe P. Conkling during the past two years in the Organ Mountains of southern New Mexico have led to the discovery of two limestone caverns in the lower spurs of this 1 range. Attention has been directed to the deposits of Conkling Cave • The second occurrence is that of Shelter Cave, situated in Paleozoic limestones exposed on the west flank of Bishop's Cap (Pyramid) Peak, approximately two and one-half miles west and south of Conkling Cave. In the course of preliminary excavations in this cavern a vertebrate assemblage was collected including among other forms a horse (Equus), the ground sloth Nothrotherium, and a peculiar type of antelope. The remains of these mammals were all found, according to Mr. Conkling, within 48 inches of the present floor of the cave and imbedded in a gray ash deposit. The presep.ce of the horse, ground sloth and antelope indicates a Quaternary age of the cave deposits. No less than three i~dividuals of the new antelope are recorded. A second type of antelope, larger in size than the first and approaching more closely the modern prong­ horn in several characters, is represented by fragmentary specimens in the collection. Whether or not the two forms were contemporaneous has not been definitely determined. The preservation of the jaw and limb material of the larger antelope is somewhat unlike that of the specimens referred to the new species and is perhaps indicative of later age. The interest which attaches to a group so distinctively North American as the Antilocapridae and the unique characters presented by the small antelope from Shelter Cave inake a description of the remains desirable in advance of a more detailed investigation of the deposit and fauna. 1Bryan, Wm. Alanson, The recent bone-cavern find at Bishop's Cap, New Mexico, Scicncr, N. S., vol. 70, pp. 39-41. 1929. 6 Los ANGELES MusEUM PUBLICATION No. 2 STOCK: QUATERNARY TETRAMERYX(?) CONKLING!, N. SP. Holotype.- A fragment of the orbital portion of the frontal with horn cores of the left side, No. 174, Los Angeles Museum Collection, Vertebrate Paleontology. Paratype.- A single (anterior) horn core, No. 175, L.A. Mus. Coll. Vert. Pale. ~·\: :~ : ...t: Referred material.- Right ramus of mandible, No. 176; vertebrae, ~ ., . c Nos. 191, 192, 201; mesosternal segments, No. 189; scapula, No. 198; ~ :,~;',_.;/· I' ' humerus, No. 179; radii, Nos. 180, 182, 183; anterior cannon bones, I Nos. i84, 185; posterior cannon bone, No. 187; L. A. Mus. Coll. Vert. \ Pale. O' './, Locality.-Shelter Cave, Organ Mts., Dona Ana County, New Mexico. L. A. Mus. Loe. No. 1010. Specific characters.- Forked horn cores, arising from a common base, present on each side above and in part slightly behind orbit. Anterior horn core slightly stouter and longer than posterior; hinder not so greatly elongated as in Tetrameryx shuleri Lull. Base of anterior horn core relatively wider than in latter species. Horn cores divergent a as in Tetrameryx, not parallel as in Capromeryx minor Taylor. Size distinctly smaller than T. shuleri and approximately two-thirds that of existing pronghorn. Metapodials relatively heavier than in Antilocapra americana (Ord). DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL AXIAL SKELETON Horn cores.- The most complete material representing these structures is the holotype, No. 174, figure 1 a, presumably of a young adult. That the size of the prongs is subject to some individual var­ iation is indicated by the difference in stoutness of anterior prong between No. 174 and a second specimen, No. 175, fig. 1 b. In the former the anterior prong is slightly stouter than the posterior. A small portion of the tip is broken away and doubtless this horn core was slightly longer than its fellow of the same side. The diverging prongs, arising from a common base make an angle of 25°. Viewed from above the principal axis of each prong is seen to be oblique to the fore and aft axis of the base. An intersection of these axes would Fig. 1. Tetrameryx (?) conkl fig. lb, right anterior horn core occur at a point internal to the base. If the fragment is so oriented x 1.0 Los Angeles Museum C< that the superior margin of the orbit and the supraorbital foramen 'ION No. 2 STOCK: QUATERNARY ANTELOPE REMAINS FROM NEW MEXICO 7 ::il, N. SP. tion of the frontal with :les Museum Collection, fo. 175, L.A. Mus. Coll. ble, No. 176; vertebrae, . 189; scapula, No. 198; anterior cannon bones, ; L. A. Mus. Coll. Vert. Jna Ana County, New msmg from a common · t slightly behind orbit. · than posterior; hinder i Lull. Base of anterior Horn cores divergent yx minor Taylor. Size imately two-thirds that ively heavier than in RIAL ·ial representing these presumably of a young to some individual var­ :ness of anterior prong .. 175, fig. I b. In the than the posterior. A loubtless this horn core e side. The diverging angle of 25°. Viewed s seen to be oblique to ion of these axes would Fig. 1. Tetrameryx (?) conklingi, n. sp. Fig. la, left horn cores, holotype, No. 174; fragment is so oriented fig. lb, right anterior horn core, No. 175; fig. le, ramus of mandible, No. 176; lateral views, x l.O Los Angeles Museum Collection. Quaternary deposits, Shelter Cave, Organ Mts., e supraorbital foramen New Mexico. 8 Los ANGELES MusEuM PUBLICATION No. 2 S'FOCK: QuATERNA.R correspond in position with those of the Pleistocene antelope Capromeryx, 11 or12mm. above the c the anterior prong is seen to arise and to have an upward course similar a porous texture and 1 to the horn cores in the latter genus. Likewise the anterior prong difference in surface tt appears to correspond in position with the horn core of dntilocapra, 2 and the base of the hor in which respect No. 174 is like Tetrameryx shuleri • In tross-section the anterior prong is seen to be rounded, not flattened transversely as in sulcus is marked on ti dntilocapra. While the transverse diameter at the base of this prong extends from the lower differs but slightly from that in the much larger T. shuleri, the margin. Likewise a n anteroposterior diameter is distinctly smaller. external side of the pc In the presence of a posterior prong No. 174 resembles T. shuleri rim. The two sulci co much more closely than does either Capromeryx or dntilocapra. In the Texan species, however, the posterior prong is decidedly longer The supra-orbi ta! j than the anterior and greatly exceeds in length the comparable prong larger than that of C in the form from New Mexico. Possibly the differences noted in the than that of dntilocapi horn cores and the small size warrant a distinct generic recognition of the latter type. That the several individuals occurring at Shelter Mandible.-A sing Cave were of small size, yet apparently had reached an adult stage of development, is suggested by the ramus of the mandible and by vari­ Tetrameryx (?) conk/in ous skeletal elements referred to Tetrameryx (?) conklingi. intermediate in size bet On the other hand it is conceivable that the differences in size dntilocapra americana. of the horn core structures are due to a difference in age, the type possesses, however, a Ii! from Shelter Cave representing presumably a much younger animal of the horizontal ramu than T. shuleri. The presence of a second individual somewhat larger row is sinuous in No. than No. 174 furnishes perhaps a further intimation that this is the in Capromeryx. In sh~ case. Unfortunately the posterior horn core is not preserved in No. 175. In the collection is a terminal section of a horn core, No. 204, angle T. (?) conklingi approximately 50mm. long and lOmm. wide at the broken lower end. In latter character the f, This specimen differs in surface texture from Nos.
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