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The Fauna of Papago-Springs Cave, Arizona, and a Study of Stockoceros; with Three New Antilocaprines from Nebraska and Arizona

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The Fauna of Papago-Springs Cave, Arizona, and a Study of Stockoceros; with Three New Antilocaprines from Nebraska and Arizona THE FAUNA OF PAPAGO-SPRINGS CAVE, ARIZONA, AND A STUDY OF STOCKOCEROS; WITH THREE NEW ANTILOCAPRINES FROM NEBRASKA AND ARIZONA By, MoltRRIS F. SKINNER - BY MORISTORY-INE VO LXX ART.VI p. 14-2 I,VOL. LXue NQemeAR VI 6,Kp19421320 . ~~ ~ e York ,- .~'s e Novmbe 6.192 ,~1,,- -'' I- ~1' i ..",)~,I'T ' ' A! ~ ~ I. IAI.,1,t'-, ttt A j 4 ~ -,''A, " 'K.,.A' ~ ,st' K,- -1't$A'1'~, 1" '> /4/ 5 _,1,'/4k 44'' ½ >4 A ~ " " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~,' 5 "'' ~ ' At-~. ,~",,I~ ,`, .! t 'k I ,;,~. ~I'~ ,_\ 1.4',~~~~~~~~~~I \ ~ ~ ~ ,-1 " I,½ 1. /4 K~~ li, , .1 37 I' '1~:.;:'' a "' -1I '- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~, s' ,~~~~~~~~ ~~~ A'~,1;. ~ ,7 N "' _,K '4 1 .I~ ,~ ;~_ ~ ,~, , ,~~'` /4. ,' 44" :", li, ,,,:,,7 i,''>-1, V.4 ~,¾' <`p< 5 "\' A",VIJ ,~ .~~~~ ,.1~~~,~'t4< / ~ (4~1 ',I"'A 4( '/4 4"It'\24K6`A-,,." 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SKINNER' TEXT FIGURES 1 TO 19; TABLES I TO XVI CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION ................................................................. 145 DESCRIPTION OF THE CAVE AND ITS DEPOSITS ..................................... 146 Human artifacts associated only with Recent fauna............................... 149 LATE PLEISTOCENE FAUNA ...................................................... 152 Invertebrata ................................................................ 152 Vertebrata .................................................................. 153 Aves................................................................... 154 Mammalia................................................................ 154 Rodentia ................................................................ 154 Lagomorpha ............................................................. 158 Chiroptera .............................................................. 159 Carnivora ............................................................... 159 Perissodactyla ........................................................... 170 Artiodactyla ............................................................. 172 Stockoceros onusrosagris (Roosevelt and Burden) ............................ 183 Morphology .......................................................... 189 APPENDIX.-NEW ANTILOCAPRINE HORN-CORES FROM THE PLEISTOCENE OF NEBRASKA AND ARIZONA ............................................................... 214 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS FIG. SCALE PAGE 1. Map of Papago Springs Cave...................................... 1" 35' 147 2. Cave hill, showing tilted limestone beds forming the cave 148 3. Artifacts from Recent dust of the cave..................... (approx.) 4 151 4. Marmota flaviventris (Audubon and Bachman), ref. skulls and mandibles 1 156,157 5. Ursus americanus gentryi, n.subsp., holotype skull and ref. ramus . 160,161 6. Canis caneloensis, n.sp., holotype skull, and comparative dentition of C. estor Merriam . 165 Taxidea taxus papagoensis, n.subsp., holotype skull . 2 165 :7. Bassariscus sonoitensis, n.sp., holotype skull and superior dentition, and comparative dentition of B. astutus (Lichtenstein).1 & 2 168 8. Equus conversidens Owen, ref. skull .. 1 171 9. Platygonus alemanii Duges, ref. skull . 173 10. Stockoceros onusrosagris (Roosevelt and Burden), ref. skulls, mandible and immature cranium . 180,181 1 Field Associate of the Frick Laboratory, American Museum of Natural History. 143 144 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LXXX Restoration ...... (approx.) * 181 11. Stockoceros, ref. skulls .... .. ....... 182 12. Key to cranial measurements of Stockoceros . ............. 4 190,191 13. Comparisons of nasal and rostral regions of Stockoceros and Antilocapra 2 193 14. Variations in horn-cores of Antilocapra ................ 199 15. Variations in superior and inferior 3d molars and facial vacuities of Stockoceros and Antilocapra ................... 202 16. Comparisons of maxillary and mandibular dentitions of Stockoceros and Antilocapra ........................... & 1 203 17. Chart of quantitative limb sizes and distributions in Stockoceros 206 18. Stockoceros, ref., indicating points of measurements used in obtaining articular lengths of limbs .................... 207 19. New Antilocaprine horn-cores from the Pleistocene of Nebraska and Ari- zona ............................ ........................... 217 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS OF INSTITUTIONS CITED A.M. = American Museum of Natural History A.M:M. = American Museum, Department of Mammalogy F:A.M. = Frick Collection, American Museum of Natural History F:A.M:I.P. = Frick Collection, American Museum, Invertebrate Paleontology F:A.M:R. = Frick Collection, American Museum, Fossil Reptiles and Birds L.A.M. = Los Angeles Museum M.C.Z. = Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University N.S.M. = Nebraska State Museum S.M.U. = Southern Methodist University U.S.N.M. = U. S. National Museum U.S.B.S. = U. S. Biological Survey INTRODUCTION This report deals with the exploration of Papago Springs Cave, southeast of Sonoita, Arizona, and describes the contained late Pleistocene fauna, including a remarkable series of skulls, jaws and skeletal remains of the extinct Quentin Pronghorn. Descriptions of new Antilocaprine horn-cores from several Pleisto- cene localities in Nebraska and Arizona are appended. In 1934, Messrs. Quentin Roosevelt and J. W. Burden' discovered fossils in Papago Springs Cave and presented their collection to The American Museum of Natural History. In a brief notice they described a new member of the Antilocapridae, "Tetrameryx" onusrosagris. The collection was augmented by additional finds by the same investigators in 1936. No articulated material was reported and examples of associated fauna were rare. In the winter of 1937-38 a party from the Frick Laboratory, American Museum of Natural History, comprised of Howard Scott Gentry, Albert Potter and Morris F. Skinner, sought further evidence at the cave and found unsuspected rich con- centrations of the new antilocaprid, together with a representative associated fauna. In 1940, supplementary comparative material was obtained by Gentry and Skinner. The main entrance to the cave is a narrow, crooked, rubble-filled passage that opens into a high-domed room. Two principal fissures continue back into an inner system of passages. One fissure leads upward to entrance "A," beyond which is a filled passage probably connecting with North Papago Cave. Sixty feet below and 100 feet beyond the main entrance, the second fissure narrows to a passage so small that it was difficult for the workers to wriggle through. Most of the fossils were concentrated in the ceiling of this passage. Collecting was carried on by gas light under very trying conditions, the space permitting chiseling of the overhead matrix only from a sitting or lying position. The two Frick Laboratory expeditions yielded a large series of additional antilocaprid specimens, among which there are 55 skulls or partial skulls, 59 horn-cores, 115 complete and partial mandibular rami, 7 articulated partial skeletons, 627 isolated major limb elements, numerous other unassociated skeletal parts and a large unworked block, suitable for exhibit. In addition to the antilocaprid collection, an associated fauna represented by more than 350 specimens was obtained. The late Pleistocene faunal assemblage from the I Roosevelt, Quentin, and Burden, J. W., 1934, Amer. Mus. Novitates, No. 754. 145 146 Bulletin American Museum of Natural History [Vol. LXXX cave is now represented by 34 genera and 39 species. Human artifacts (Figure 3) were found mingled with remains of the Recent fauna, but not in the late Pleistocene matrix. The writer is particularly indebted to: Mr.
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