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Measles Morbillivirus Morbillivirus Morbillivirus Measles Importance of the extreme N-terminal region Measles morbillivirus morbillivirus of human SLAM to function as SLAM Rinderpest a measles virus receptor morbillivirus Small Seki F, Fukuhara H, Yamamoto Y, Arulmozhiraja S, Ohishi K, ruminant Maruyama T, Tokiwa H, Maenaka K, Takeda M morbillivirus Ribonucleocapsid SLAM Cetacean morbillivirus Envelope Measles virus (Paramyxoviridae). Transmission electron microscopy, ultra thin section. Surface viral glycoproteins: Source: Hans R. Gelderblom, Freya Kaulbars. Hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins Colouring: Andrea SchnartendorFF/RKI Canine morbillivirus 2019年10⽉29⽇ Images from Phocine 第67回⽇本ウイルス学会 MeV, RPV, CDV: PHIL morbillivirus Images: de Swart RL et al. (2007) PLoS Pathog 3:e178. PPRV: Woma TY et al. (2016) Onderstepoort J of Vet Res 83:1035 CeMV: Bressem et al. (2014) Viruses 6:5145-81 Images. Public Health Image Library PDV: BBC NEWS World Edition (2002): http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2164140.stm Image: Wikimedia Commons Images. Public Health Image Library Rinderpest morbillivirus Animal morbilliviruses N Small N Coevolution? 21 23 25 23 A , Y , or T ruminant Animal Signal peptide T25 Y 21 morbillivirus SLAMs SLAM A Signal peptidase Cetacean Signaling lymphocyte V morbillivirus activation molecule V 1st residue G24, 26 Canine Extreme N-terminal C2 morbillivirus C2 22 Phocine Measles morbillivirus S morbillivirus Human 2nd residue SLAM Tyrosine Tyrosine G27 phosphorylation phosphorylation Y23 25 motif F549 M29 motif T Host switch Measles Extreme N-terminal 3rd residue morbillivirus CH/π interaction C C Morbillivirus H SLAM missing missing DSP fusion assay Measles morbillivirus H and F SLAM extreme SLAM extreme 21-29 21-29 N-terminus N-terminus Luciferase 100,000 Measles H 184–607 Marmoset SLAM 30–140 Measles H 184–607 Human SLAM 30–140 Linker Linker 10,000 549F CH/π interaction 29M 1,000 ) - Cow Dog Seal Sheep Human Dolphin SLAM( Hashiguchi T et al. (2011) Nat Struct Mol Biol Modeled by MOE showing an effective interaction of the SLAM N-terminal region. MD simulations confirmed stability of the complex. RMSF was calculated for all residues of hSLAM, and FMO computation analysis revealed a CH-pπ interaction between Met29 (hSLAM) and Phe549 (MV-H). Measles morbillivirus H and F Animal morbillivirusesDolphin morbillivirus H and F Measles morbillivirus H and F Measles morbillivirus H and F Measles(%) morbillivirus (%) (%) SLAMs (%) Human Measles morbillivirus Human SLAM SLAM 100 MV-H SLAM Measles morbillivirus SLAM SLAM 100 Human 100 100 SLAM SLAM MV-H 80 80 80 80 F549S M29 F549S cow Human F549 M29F No interaction Human π/π interaction 60 Dolphin 60 60 F549 M29S 60 No interaction 40 40 40 40 20 20 20 20 Relative ratio to ratio Relative Relative ratio to to ratio Relative 0 0 0 0 hSLAM hSLAM Vector Cow Dog Dolphin Human Vector Relative ratio to hSLAM hSLAM hSLAM Vector Relative ratio to hSLAM hSLAM Vector Dolphin M29S M29F SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM M29S M29S SLAM Measles morbilliviruses Measles morbillivirus H and F Animal Measles morbillivirus H and F Measles morbillivirus H and F SLAMs Human SLAM-using ability (%) (%) (%) Measles morbillivirus Human (%) MV-H MV-H 100 SLAM 100 100 MV-H F549M H SLAM - 100 Measles morbillivirus Human SLAM MV-H SLAM SLAM MV-H 80 80 F549S 80 F549S cow F549M cow 80 M29F cow 60 60 60 CH/π interaction 60 F549 M29 40 40 CH/π interaction 40 40 20 20 MV to ratio Relative 20 20 to ratio Relative Relative ratio to ratio Relative Relative ratio to ratio Relative 0 0 0 Cow hSLAM hSLAM Cow Dog Dolphin Human Vector 0 hSLAM Vector MV-H MV-H MV-H MV-H MV-H MV-H Cow Human Vector SLAM M29S M29F Vector MV-H SLAM SLAM SLAM SLAM F549S F549N F549H F549Q F549V F549I SLAM SLAM Measles morbillivirus H and F Rinderpest morbillivirus H and F Conclusion (%) (%) Measles morbillivirus Human 100 MV-H SLAM 100 PRV-H The extreme N-terminus of hSLAM is important for MV to F549I S549F use hSLAM as a receptor efficiently. SLAM SLAM 80 80 cow F549I M29F Cow 60 No interaction 60 MV may have acquired the CH/π interaction with the extreme N-terminus of hSLAM to adapt to humans 40 40 (although it is not enough). 20 20 Relative ratio to ratio Relative Relative ratio to ratio Relative 0 0 Cow hSLAM hSLAM Cow hSLAM Vector hSLAM Vector SLAM M29S M29F SLAM Image: Wikimedia Commons Images. Public Health Image Library.
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