DOCSLIB.ORG

Prevalence of Herpes -, Measles Morbillivirus-, Parvovirus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Prevalence of Herpes -, Measles Morbillivirus-, Parvovirus Prevalence of herpes -, measles morbillivirus-, parvovirus B19 - and rubella viruses immunoglobulin G among women with chronic hepatitis B of reproductive age in Denmark A cross-sectional study Bergløv, Anne; Hallager, Sofie; Panum, Inge; Weis, Nina Published in: International Journal of Infectious Diseases DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1477 Publication date: 2020 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Bergløv, A., Hallager, S., Panum, I., & Weis, N. (2020). Prevalence of herpes -, measles morbillivirus-, parvovirus B19 - and rubella viruses immunoglobulin G among women with chronic hepatitis B of reproductive age in Denmark: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 101, 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1477 Download date: 01. Oct. 2021 International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (2020) 269–275 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal of Infectious Diseases journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijid Prevalence of herpes -, measles morbillivirus-, parvovirus B19 - and rubella viruses immunoglobulin G among women with chronic hepatitis B of reproductive age in Denmark: A cross-sectional study a a b a,c, Anne Bergløv , Sofie Hallager , Inge Panum , Nina Weis * a Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark b Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark c Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against Received 20 August 2020 seven viruses (cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus 1&2, measles morbillivirus, parvovirus B19, rubella, Received in revised form 25 September 2020 and varicella-zoster virus), which can potentially compromise maternal and fetal wellbeing, differs based Accepted 27 September 2020 on country of origin among women with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Method: This study was a single-center, hospital-based cross-sectional study. The study included women Keywords: with CHB 15–45 years of age, included in the Danish Database for Hepatitis B and C. Seroprevalence Seroprevalence estimates were calculated with a 95% confidence interval and were compared between age groups, Chronic hepatitis B regions of origin, and to the general population. Herpes viruses Morbillivirus Results: 177 women were included in the study. Overall, the seroprevalences of antibodies were similar Parvovirus B19 rubella among women with CHB with origin outside Denmark and compared to the general population in Pregnancy Denmark, but there was a notable difference in the seroprevalence of antibodies against herpes simplex 2 between women from Africa (37.1% CI 95% 22.0;55.1) and women from the Middle East (2.5% CI 95% 0.1;14.7). Conclusion: Women with CHB whose origin is outside Denmark do not appear to differ, based on origin, or be at greater risk of acquiring these viruses during pregnancy than their Danish counterparts. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc- nd/4.0/). Introduction first two trimesters of pregnancy can lead to congenital malformation or fetal death (MMWR 2001; Tan and Koren Vertical transmission of viral infections during pregnancy is a 2006; Ornoy and Ergaz 2017). Viral infection towards the end of significant cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. the pregnancy can lead to preterm birth or neonatal morbidity and The clinical manifestations vary depending on the viral agent and mortality (Brown et al. 2003; Rasmussen and Jamieson 2015; De the gestational age of pregnancy at infection. A viral infection in the Paschale and Clerici 2016). Further, primary infection with varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the last trimester of pregnancy may lead to varicella pneumonia in the mother; this is associated with a mortality as high as 14% (Tan and Koren 2006). In this study, Abbreviations: CMV, Cytomegalovirus; CHB, chronic hepatitis B; CRS, Congenital we have chosen to focus on the following seven viruses due to their Rubella Syndrome; CSV, Congenital Varicella Syndrome; DANHEP, Danish Database potential harm caused during pregnancy: cytomegalovirus (CMV), for Hepatitis B and C; HBV, Hepatitis B virus; HSV1, Herpes Simplex virus 1; HSV2, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2), measles Herpes Simplex virus 2; MMR, Measles, mumps, and rubella; VZV, Varicella-zoster virus; Morbillivirus, Measles morbillivirus. morbillivirus (morbillivirus), parvovirus B19, rubella virus, and * Corresponding author at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen VZV. University Hospital, Hvidovre, Kettegaard Alle 30, DK 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. Due to differences in exposure and different immunization E-mail addresses: [email protected] (A. Bergløv), schedules, women of childbearing age born outside Denmark sofi[email protected] (S. Hallager), [email protected] (I. Panum), might not be immune to the same viruses as women born and [email protected] (N. Weis). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1477 1201-9712/© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Downloaded for Anonymous User (n/a) at BS - University of Copenhagen from ClinicalKey.com by Elsevier on November 17, 2020. For personal use only. No other uses without permission. Copyright ©2020. Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. A. Bergløv, S. Hallager, I. Panum et al. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (2020) 269–275 raised in Denmark. Consequently, in our clinical practice, the HSV 1&2, morbillivirus, parvovirus B19, rubella virus, and VZV) question is often raised whether pregnant women born outside differs based on country of origin in women with CHB, 15–45 years Denmark have the same risk of acquiring any of the viruses of age, with origin outside Denmark, and to compare these to mentioned above during pregnancy compared to women born in official seroprevalence estimates from the Danish population. Denmark. Patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV, CHB) Method living in Denmark are typically immigrants from Africa or Asia (Weis 2009), making them a target population for this study. As well, all This study was conducted as a single-center, hospital-based pregnant women have since 2005been tested for HBV infection early cross-sectional study. in pregnancy (Knigge and Fouchard 2010); only if a woman is exposed to other viruses during pregnancy do the Danish guidelines Study population recommend testing the woman's level of specific antibodies to guide further treatment, clinical follow-up, and counseling. Women with CHB living in Denmark were used as a Among adults in Denmark, the prevalence of immunoglobulin G convenient sample to serve as a proxy for immigrants in antibodies (IgG) against CMV is 80%; HSV1 and HSV2 80% and 33%, Denmark. Hence potential subjects for inclusion were required respectively; parvovirus B19 65% and against VZV 98% (Sundheds- to have CHB (HBsAg positive >6 months) and be aged 15–45 styrelsen 2019; Statens Serum Institut 2019a, 2019b; Agner et al. years of age at enrollment in the Danish Database for Hepatitis 2020). The varicella vaccine is not a part of the Danish childhood B and C (DANHEP) (Weis 2009). Women eligible for inclusion vaccination program. In 2017, 94% of infants in Denmark were were referred to the Department of Infectious Diseases at vaccinated with the first dose of the measles, mumps, and rubella Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, between Jan 1, (MMR) vaccine, and 88% received the second dose (Sundheds- 2005, and Dec 31, 2016. DANHEP is a nationwide clinical styrelsen 2017). However, there is no knowledge about the database of patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, 15 years prevalence of antibodies against these viral infections in women of age, admitted or referred to a hospital in Denmark. The currently living in Denmark, but with an origin outside Denmark database contains demographic, clinical and paraclinical from countries with varying immunization coverage. According to information, and includes a biobank. In Denmark, all patients the World Health Organization (WHO), the lowest coverage of with chronic hepatitis B and C exclusively attend hospital measles immunization is found in South-East Asia (75%) and Africa departments of infectious diseases, or gastroenterology. (73%), and the highest coverage is found in Europe (94%) (WHO). Seroprevalence estimates from the Danish population were Women born outside Denmark might therefore be at higher risk of obtained from official Danish sources. contracting one or more of these viral infections during pregnancy, if they do not have protection from vaccination or previous Blood samples infections. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether the The blood samples used in this study were collected from the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against these seven viruses (CMV, preexisting DANHEP biobank. Blood samples
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ICTV Code Assigned: 2011.001Ag Officers)
    This form should be used for all taxonomic proposals. Please complete all those modules that are applicable (and then delete the unwanted sections). For guidance, see the notes written in blue and the separate document “Help with completing a taxonomic proposal” Please try to keep related proposals within a single document; you can copy the modules to create more than one genus within a new family, for example. MODULE 1: TITLE, AUTHORS, etc (to be completed by ICTV Code assigned: 2011.001aG officers) Short title: Change existing virus species names to non-Latinized binomials (e.g. 6 new species in the genus Zetavirus) Modules attached 1 2 3 4 5 (modules 1 and 9 are required) 6 7 8 9 Author(s) with e-mail address(es) of the proposer: Van Regenmortel Marc, [email protected] Burke Donald, [email protected] Calisher Charles, [email protected] Dietzgen Ralf, [email protected] Fauquet Claude, [email protected] Ghabrial Said, [email protected] Jahrling Peter, [email protected] Johnson Karl, [email protected] Holbrook Michael, [email protected] Horzinek Marian, [email protected] Keil Guenther, [email protected] Kuhn Jens, [email protected] Mahy Brian, [email protected] Martelli Giovanni, [email protected] Pringle Craig, [email protected] Rybicki Ed, [email protected] Skern Tim, [email protected] Tesh Robert, [email protected] Wahl-Jensen Victoria, [email protected] Walker Peter, [email protected] Weaver Scott, [email protected] List the ICTV study group(s) that have seen this proposal: A list of study groups and contacts is provided at http://www.ictvonline.org/subcommittees.asp .
    [Show full text]
  • Validation and Annotation of Virus Sequence Submissions to Genbank Alejandro A
    Schäffer et al. BMC Bioinformatics (2020) 21:211 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-020-3537-3 SOFTWARE Open Access VADR: validation and annotation of virus sequence submissions to GenBank Alejandro A. Schäffer1,2, Eneida L. Hatcher2, Linda Yankie2, Lara Shonkwiler2,3,J.RodneyBrister2, Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi2 and Eric P. Nawrocki2* *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 2National Center for Biotechnology Background: GenBank contains over 3 million viral sequences. The National Center Information, National Library of for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) previously made available a tool for validating Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA and annotating influenza virus sequences that is used to check submissions to Full list of author information is GenBank. Before this project, there was no analogous tool in use for non-influenza viral available at the end of the article sequence submissions. Results: We developed a system called VADR (Viral Annotation DefineR) that validates and annotates viral sequences in GenBank submissions. The annotation system is based on the analysis of the input nucleotide sequence using models built from curated RefSeqs. Hidden Markov models are used to classify sequences by determining the RefSeq they are most similar to, and feature annotation from the RefSeq is mapped based on a nucleotide alignment of the full sequence to a covariance model. Predicted proteins encoded by the sequence are validated with nucleotide-to-protein alignments using BLAST. The system identifies 43 types of “alerts” that (unlike the previous BLAST-based system) provide deterministic and rigorous feedback to researchers who submit sequences with unexpected characteristics. VADR has been integrated into GenBank’s submission processing pipeline allowing for viral submissions passing all tests to be accepted and annotated automatically, without the need for any human (GenBank indexer) intervention.
    [Show full text]
  • Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts of Emerging Viruses
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease Wildlife Disease and Zoonotics 2006 Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts of Emerging Viruses Charles H. Calisher Colorado State University James E. Childs Yale University School of Medicine, [email protected] Hume E. Field Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Brisbane, Queensland Tony Schountz University of Northern Colorado Kathryn V. Holmes University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zoonoticspub Part of the Veterinary Infectious Diseases Commons Calisher, Charles H.; Childs, James E.; Field, Hume E.; Schountz, Tony; and Holmes, Kathryn V., "Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts of Emerging Viruses" (2006). Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease. 60. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/zoonoticspub/60 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Disease and Zoonotics at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Other Publications in Zoonotics and Wildlife Disease by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, July 2006, p. 531–545 Vol. 19, No. 3 0893-8512/06/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/CMR.00017-06 Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Bats: Important Reservoir Hosts of Emerging Viruses Charles H. Calisher,1* James E. Childs,2 Hume E. Field,3 Kathryn V. Holmes,4
    [Show full text]
  • Virusscope – Inside a Virus Testing Lab
    VirusSCOPE – Inside a virus testing lab Viruses are too small to be seen. There are different kinds of tests to find out whether someone has a virus in their body. These tests are carried out in specialized laboratories. One kind of test uses so-called antibodies. Antibodies are tiny recognition tools, which our body uses to recognize and fight viruses. Each antibody has a different shape, which makes it recognize a certain virus. In the lab, such antibodies are used to find and distinguish viruses in patients. Now, this is your task! Can you find out, which viruses are in your patients' bodies? Here’s what you’ll learn: In the lab, people find out which virus someone has by using antibodies. The shape of these antibodies matches perfectly with one specific virus. Antibodies have several parts. Material for print-out (4 pages): - Viruses (16 purple fields) - Antibodies (4 red and 4 blue parts with QR-Codes and letters) – cut these out! - Samples from 9 patients (green flasks with QR-Codes and numbers) - Laboratory report You can play this game on your own or in pairs. If you play this game in pairs, one person can find the matching parts, while the other documents your findings in the laboratory report. Alternatively, print out the materials twice and compete against each other to diagnose all patients correctly as quickly as possible! Note: The QR-Codes are not needed in this game. If you have access to a 3D-printer you can also 3D-print the parts of this game: https://www.prusaprinters.org/prints/28554-virusscope-educational-game-about-covid-19- diagnos 1st step: Assign antibodies to viruses Each antibody consists of two pieces, a „light chain“ (red) and a „heavy chain” (red).
    [Show full text]
  • Vero Cell Upstream Bioprocess Development for the Production of Viral Vectors and Vaccines T ⁎ Sascha Kiesslich, Amine A
    Biotechnology Advances 44 (2020) 107608 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biotechnology Advances journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Vero cell upstream bioprocess development for the production of viral vectors and vaccines T ⁎ Sascha Kiesslich, Amine A. Kamen Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The Vero cell line is considered the most used continuous cell line for the production of viral vectors and Vero vaccines. Historically, it is the first cell line that was approved by the WHO for the production of human vac- Cell culture cines. Comprehensive experimental data on the production of many viruses using the Vero cell line can be found Process development in the literature. However, the vast majority of these processes is relying on the microcarrier technology. While Virus production this system is established for the large-scale manufacturing of viral vaccine, it is still quite complex and labor Optimization intensive. Moreover, scale-up remains difficult and is limited by the surface area given by the carriers. To Vaccines ffi Bioreactor overcome these and other drawbacks and to establish more e cient manufacturing processes, it is a priority to Microcarrier further develop the Vero cell platform by applying novel bioprocess technologies. Especially in times like the Suspension culture current COVID-19 pandemic, advanced and scalable platform technologies could provide more efficient and cost-effective solutions to meet the global vaccine demand. Herein, we review the prevailing literature on Vero cell bioprocess development for the production of viral vectors and vaccines with the aim to assess the recent advances in bioprocess development.
    [Show full text]
  • Emerging Issues in Virus Taxonomy Marc H.V
    PERSPECTIVES Emerging Issues in Virus Taxonomy Marc H.V. van Regenmortel* and Brian W.J. Mahy† Viruses occupy a unique position in biology. Although are nonliving infectious entities that can be said, at best, to they possess some of the properties of living systems such lead a kind of borrowed life. as having a genome, they are actually nonliving infectious entities and should not be considered microorganisms. A Viruses versus Virus Particles or Virions clear distinction should be drawn between the terms virus, A virus is a general term which denotes any number of virion, and virus species. Species is the most fundamental taxonomic category used in all biological classification. In concrete objects that possess various relational properties 1991, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (for instance, its host, vector, and infectivity) that arise by (ICTV) decided that the category of virus species should be virtue of a relation with other objects. These relational used in virus classification together with the categories of properties, also called emergent properties, are characteris- genus and family. More than 50 ICTV study groups were tic of the viral biosystem as a whole and are not present in given the task of demarcating the 1,550 viral species that its constituent parts. When a virus undergoes its so-called were recognized in the 7th ICTV report, which was pub- life cycle, it takes on various forms and manifestations, for lished in 2000. We briefly describe the changes in virus instance, as a replicating nucleic acid in the host cell or classification that were introduced in that report.
    [Show full text]
  • S41598-020-77835-Z.Pdf
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Specifc capture and whole‑genome phylogeography of Dolphin morbillivirus Francesco Cerutti1, Federica Giorda1,2, Carla Grattarola1, Walter Mignone1, Chiara Beltramo1, Nicolas Keck3, Alessio Lorusso4, Gabriella Di Francesco4, Ludovica Di Renzo4, Giovanni Di Guardo5, Mariella Goria1, Loretta Masoero1, Pier Luigi Acutis1, Cristina Casalone1 & Simone Peletto1* Dolphin morbillivirus (DMV) is considered an emerging threat having caused several epidemics worldwide. Only few DMV genomes are publicly available. Here, we report the use of target enrichment directly from cetacean tissues to obtain novel DMV genome sequences, with sequence comparison and phylodynamic analysis. RNA from 15 tissue samples of cetaceans stranded along the Italian and French coasts (2008–2017) was purifed and processed using custom probes (by bait hybridization) for target enrichment and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq. Data were mapped against the reference genome, and the novel sequences were aligned to the available genome sequences. The alignment was then used for phylogenetic and phylogeographic analysis using MrBayes and BEAST. We herein report that target enrichment by specifc capture may be a successful strategy for whole‑genome sequencing of DMV directly from feld samples. By this strategy, 14 complete and one partially complete genomes were obtained, with reads mapping to the virus up to 98% and coverage up to 7800X. The phylogenetic tree well discriminated the Mediterranean and the NE‑Atlantic strains, circulating in the Mediterranean Sea and causing two diferent epidemics (2008–2015 and 2014–2017, respectively), with a limited time overlap of the two strains, sharing a common ancestor approximately in 1998. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) is a member of the genus Morbillivirus (family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Orthoparamyxovirinae), which includes also the Canine morbillivirus, Feline morbillivirus, Measles morbillivi- rus, Phocine morbillivirus, Rinderpest morbillivirus, and Small ruminant morbillivirus 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Viral-Mediated Pathogenic Mechanisms In
    Briefings in Bioinformatics, 00(00), 2021, 1–27 doi: 10.1093/bib/bbab141 Problem Solving Protocol Identification of viral-mediated pathogenic Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bib/advance-article/doi/10.1093/bib/bbab141/6272000 by guest on 27 September 2021 mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases using network-based approaches Anna Onisiforou and George M. Spyrou Corresponding author. George M. Spyrou, Bioinformatics Department, Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Nicosia, Cyprus. Tel.: +35722392852; E-mail: [email protected] Abstract During the course of a viral infection, virus–host protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a critical role in allowing viruses to replicate and survive within the host. These interspecies molecular interactions can lead to viral-mediated perturbations of the human interactome causing the generation of various complex diseases. Evidences suggest that viral-mediated perturbations are a possible pathogenic etiology in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). These diseases are characterized by chronic progressive degeneration of neurons, and current therapeutic approaches provide only mild symptomatic relief; therefore, there is unmet need for the discovery of novel therapeutic interventions. In this paper, we initially review databases and tools that can be utilized to investigate viral-mediated perturbations in complex NDs using network-based analysis by examining the interaction between the ND-related PPI disease networks and the virus–host PPI network. Afterwards, we present our theoretical-driven integrative network-based bioinformatics approach that accounts for pathogen–genes–disease-related PPIs with the aim to identify viral-mediated pathogenic mechanisms focusing in multiple sclerosis (MS) disease. We identified seven high centrality nodes that can act as disease communicator nodes and exert systemic effects in the MS-enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways network.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Measles: from a 1912 Genome to an Antique Origin
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.29.889667; this version posted December 30, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. The history of measles: from a 1912 genome to an antique origin Authors: Ariane Düx1,2†, Sebastian Lequime3†, Livia Victoria Patrono1,2, Bram Vrancken3, Sengül Boral4, Jan F. Gogarten1,2, Antonia Hilbig1, David Horst4, Kevin Merkel1,2, Baptiste Prepoint2, Sabine Santibanez5, Jasmin Schlotterbeck2, Marc A. Suchard6, Markus Ulrich1, Navena Widulin7, Annette Mankertz5, Fabian H. Leendertz1, Kyle Harper8, Thomas Schnalke7, Philippe Lemey3‡, Sébastien Calvignac-Spencer1,2‡* Affiliations: 1 Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany 2 Viral Evolution, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany 3 KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Clinical and Evolutionary Virology, Leuven, Belgium 4 Institute for Pathology, Charité, Berlin, Germany 5 National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany 6 Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health and Departments of Biomathematics and of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA 7 Berlin Museum of Medical History at the Charité, Berlin, Germany 8 Department of Classics and Letters, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA *Correspondence to: [email protected] † Equal contributions. ‡ Equal contributions. 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.29.889667; this version posted December 30, 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Arch Virol 142/3
    Arch Virol 146/8 (2001) Virology Division News Perspectives on binomial names of virus species M. H. V. Van Regenmortel École Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France In recent years, the ICTV has been criticized [3, 4, 6] for its unwillingness to turn the unofficial binomial names of plant virus species used by many plant virologists into official names. It seems timely, therefore, to spell out the implications of such a binomial system if it were used for all the official species names that appeared in the 7th ICTV Report [11]. Only if this is done, will it be possible for virologists to assess both the advantages and disadvantages of a binomial system. It is hoped that the present note will elicit many responses from individual virologists. In the proposed binomial system, the word virus appearing at the end of the current official species name is replaced by the genus name, which also ends in «-virus». For example, Tobacco mosaic virus becomes Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus Plumpox virus becomes Plumpox potyvirus Rice dwarf virus becomes Rice dwarf phytoreovirus Potato virus X becomes Potato X potexvirus The obvious advantage of such a system is that inclusion of the genus name in the species name indicates relationships with other viruses and thus provides additional information about the properties of the virus. Plant virologists have been careful to coin genus names in accordance with the ICTV International Code and as a result, the binomial system is readily applicable to plant viruses. For viruses infecting vertebrates, the system could also be useful since binomials would be more informative than the current names.
    [Show full text]
  • Specific Primer Design for Accurate Detection of SARS-Cov-2 External Link
    Specific Primer Design for Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Deep Learning Alejandro Lopez-Rincon1, Alberto Tonda2, Lucero Mendoza-Maldonado3, Daphne G.J.C. Mulders4, Richard Molenkamp4, Eric Claassen5, Johan Garssen1,6, Aletta D. Kraneveld1 1. Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands 2. UMR 518 MIA-Paris, INRAE, c/o 113 rue Nationale, 75103, Paris, France 3. Hospital Civil de Guadalajara ”Dr. Juan I. Menchaca”. Salvador Quevedo y Zubieta 750, Independencia Oriente, C.P. 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico 4. Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands 5. Athena Institute, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 6. Department Immunology, Danone Nutricia research, Uppsalalaan 12, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands (Submitted: 23 April 2020 – Published online: 27 April 2020) DISCLAIMER This paper was submitted to the Bulletin of the World Health Organization and was posted to the COVID-19 open site, according to the protocol for public health emergencies for international concern as described in Vasee Moorthy et al. (http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.251561). The information herein is available for unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited as indicated by the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Intergovernmental Organizations licence (CC BY IGO 3.0). RECOMMENDED CITATION Lopez-Rincon A, Tonda A, Mendoza-Maldonado L, Mulders D.G.J.C., Molenkamp R, Claassen E, et al. Specific Primer Design for Accurate Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Deep Learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Structures of the Mononegavirales Polymerases
    MINIREVIEW crossm Structures of the Mononegavirales Polymerases Bo Lianga aDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA ABSTRACT Mononegavirales, known as nonsegmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA vi- Downloaded from ruses, are a class of pathogenic and sometimes deadly viruses that include rabies virus (RABV), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), and Ebola virus (EBOV). Unfortunately, no effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics against many Mononegavirales are cur- rently available. Viral polymerases have been attractive and major antiviral therapeutic targets. Therefore, Mononegavirales polymerases have been extensively investigated for their structures and functions. Mononegavirales mimic RNA synthesis of their eukaryotic counterparts by utilizing multifunctional RNA polymerases to replicate entire viral ge- nomes and transcribe viral mRNAs from individual viral genes as well as synthesize http://jvi.asm.org/ 5= methylated cap and 3= poly(A) tail of the transcribed viral mRNAs. The catalytic subunit large protein (L) and cofactor phosphoprotein (P) constitute the Mononega- virales polymerases. In this review, we discuss the shared and unique features of RNA synthesis, the monomeric multifunctional enzyme L, and the oligomeric multi- modular adapter P of Mononegavirales. We outline the structural analyses of the Mononegavirales polymerases since the first structure of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) L protein determined in 2015 and highlight multiple high-resolution cryo- on October 27, 2020 by guest electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the polymerases of Mononegavirales, namely, VSV, RABV, HRSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), and human parainflu- enza virus (HPIV), that have been reported in recent months (2019 to 2020). We compare the structures of those polymerases grouped by virus family, illustrate the similarities and differences among those polymerases, and reveal the potential RNA synthesis mechanisms and models of highly conserved Mononegavirales.
    [Show full text]