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The Political Economy of Monetary Institutions an International Organization Reader Edited by William T
T he Political Economy of Monetary Institutions he Political The Political Economy of Monetary Institutions An International Organization Reader edited by William T. Bernhard, J. Lawrence Broz, and William Roberts Clark Recent analysis by political economists of monetary institution determi- nants in different countries has been limited by the fact that exchange rate regimes and central bank institutions are studied in isolation from each other, without examining how one institution affects the costs and benefits of the other. By contrast, the contributors to this volume analyze the choice of exchange rate regime and level of central bank independence together; the articles (originally published in a special issue of International Organization) constitute a second generation of research on the determi- nants of monetary institutions. The contributors consider both economic and political factors to explain a country’s choice of monetary institutions, and examine the effect of political processes in democracies, including interest group pressure, on the balance between economic and distribu- tional policy. William Bernhard is Associate Professor of Political Science at the The Political University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. J. Lawrence Broz is Assistant Professor in the Department of Political Science at the University of California, San Diego. William Roberts Clark is Assistant Professor in the Department of Politics at New York University. Economy of Bernhard, Monetary Broz, and Clark, Institutions editors IO International Organization Reader An International Organization Reader edited by William T. Bernhard, The MIT Press 0-262-52414-7 J. Lawrence Broz, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 http://mitpress.mit.edu ,!7IA2G2-fcebei!:t;K;k;K;k William Roberts Clark The Political Economy of Monetary Institutions THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF MONETARY INSTITUTIONS edited by William Bernhard, J. -
Kidnapped and Sold Into Marriage on the Lewis and Clark Expedition
Fact or Fiction? Name: _________________________ Below is a passage on Sacagawea. On the following page is a chart with ten statements. Indicate whether each statement is fact or fiction. Sacagawea was born sometime around 1790. She is best known for her role in assisting the Lewis and Clark expedition. She and her husband were guides from the Great Plains to the Pacific Ocean and back. Kidnapped and Sold into Marriage Sacagawea was kidnapped from her Shoshone village by Hidatsa Indians when she was twelve years old. She was promptly sold into slavery. She was then sold to a French fur trapper by the name of Toussaint Charbonneau. The pair became married and had a son named Jean-Baptiste. On the Lewis and Clark Expedition Although there are conflicting opinions concerning how important Sacagawea was to the Lewis and Clark expedition, she did serve as the interpreter and negotiator to the Shoshone tribe - that was led by her brother Cameahwait. She helped them obtain essential supplies and horses while she carried her infant son on her back. Furthermore, Sacagawea helped identify edible plants and herbs and prevented hostile relations with other tribes simply by being with the expedition. She was even more important on the return trip because she was familiar with the areas in which the expedition was traveling. Lewis and Clark received credit for discovering hundreds of animals and plants that Sacagawea had probably seen for years. Although she received no payment for her help, her husband was rewarded with cash and land. Death and Adoption of her Children Six years after the journey, Sacagawea died after giving birth to her daughter Lisette. -
NORMAN K Denzin Sacagawea's Nickname1, Or the Sacagawea
NORMAN K DENZIN Sacagawea’s Nickname1, or The Sacagawea Problem The tropical emotion that has created a legendary Sacajawea awaits study...Few others have had so much sentimental fantasy expended on them. A good many men who have written about her...have obviously fallen in love with her. Almost every woman who has written about her has become Sacajawea in her inner reverie (DeVoto, 195, p. 618; see also Waldo, 1978, p. xii). Anyway, what it all comes down to is this: the story of Sacagawea...can be told a lot of different ways (Allen, 1984, p. 4). Many millions of Native American women have lived and died...and yet, until quite recently, only two – Pocahantas and Sacagawea – have left even faint tracings of their personalities on history (McMurtry, 001, p. 155). PROLOGUE 1 THE CAMERA EYE (1) 2: Introduction: Voice 1: Narrator-as-Dramatist This essay3 is a co-performance text, a four-act play – with act one and four presented here – that builds on and extends the performance texts presented in Denzin (004, 005).4 “Sacagawea’s Nickname, or the Sacagawea Problem” enacts a critical cultural politics concerning Native American women and their presence in the Lewis and Clark Journals. It is another telling of how critical race theory and critical pedagogy meet popular history. The revisionist history at hand is the history of Sacagawea and the representation of Native American women in two cultural and symbolic landscapes: the expedition journals, and Montana’s most famous novel, A B Guthrie, Jr.’s mid-century novel (1947), Big Sky (Blew, 1988, p. -
73 Custer, Wash., 9(1)
Custer: The Life of General George Armstrong the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Daily Life on the Nineteenth-Century Custer, by Jay Monaghan, review, Century, 66(1):36-37; rev. of Voyages American Frontier, by Mary Ellen 52(2):73 and Adventures of La Pérouse, 62(1):35 Jones, review, 91(1):48-49 Custer, Wash., 9(1):62 Cutter, Kirtland Kelsey, 86(4):169, 174-75 Daily News (Tacoma). See Tacoma Daily News Custer County (Idaho), 31(2):203-204, Cutting, George, 68(4):180-82 Daily Olympian (Wash. Terr.). See Olympia 47(3):80 Cutts, William, 64(1):15-17 Daily Olympian Custer Died for Your Sins: An Indian A Cycle of the West, by John G. Neihardt, Daily Pacific Tribune (Olympia). See Olympia Manifesto, by Vine Deloria, Jr., essay review, 40(4):342 Daily Pacific Tribune review, 61(3):162-64 Cyrus Walker (tugboat), 5(1):28, 42(4):304- dairy industry, 49(2):77-81, 87(3):130, 133, Custer Lives! by James Patrick Dowd, review, 306, 312-13 135-36 74(2):93 Daisy, Tyrone J., 103(2):61-63 The Custer Semi-Centennial Ceremonies, Daisy, Wash., 22(3):181 1876-1926, by A. B. Ostrander et al., Dakota (ship), 64(1):8-9, 11 18(2):149 D Dakota Territory, 44(2):81, 56(3):114-24, Custer’s Gold: The United States Cavalry 60(3):145-53 Expedition of 1874, by Donald Jackson, D. B. Cooper: The Real McCoy, by Bernie Dakota Territory, 1861-1889: A Study of review, 57(4):191 Rhodes, with Russell P. -
The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Columbia Magazine, Fall 1999: Vol
History Commentary - The Sacagawea Mystique: Her Age, Name, Role and Final Destiny Columbia Magazine, Fall 1999: Vol. 13, No. 3 By Irving W. Anderson EDITOR'S NOTE The United States Mint has announced the design for a new dollar coin bearing a conceptual likeness of Sacagawea on the front and the American eagle on the back. It will replace and be about the same size as the current Susan B. Anthony dollar but will be colored gold and have an edge distinct from the quarter. Irving W. Anderson has provided this biographical essay on Sacagawea, the Shoshoni Indian woman member of the Lewis and Clark expedition, as background information prefacing the issuance of the new dollar. THE RECORD OF the 1804-06 "Corps of Volunteers on an Expedition of North Western Discovery" (the title Lewis and Clark used) is our nation's "living history" legacy of documented exploration across our fledgling republic's pristine western frontier. It is a story written in inspired spelling and with an urgent sense of purpose by ordinary people who accomplished extraordinary deeds. Unfortunately, much 20th-century secondary literature has created lasting though inaccurate versions of expedition events and the roles of its members. Among the most divergent of these are contributions to the exploring enterprise made by its Shoshoni Indian woman member, Sacagawea, and her destiny afterward. The intent of this text is to correct America's popular but erroneous public image of Sacagawea by relating excerpts of her actual life story as recorded in the writings of her contemporaries, people who actually knew her, two centuries ago. -
Toussaint Charbonneau (1767- C
Toussaint Charbonneau (1767- c. 1839-1843) By William L. Lang Toussaint Charbonneau played a brief role in Oregon’s past as part of the Corps of Discovery, the historic expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in 1804-1806. He is one of the most recognizable among members of the Corps of Discovery, principally as the husband of Sacagawea and father of Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau, the infant who accompanied the expedition. The captains hired Charbonneau as an interpreter on April 7, 1805, at Fort Mandan in present-day North Dakota and severed his employment on August 17, 1806, on their return journey. Charbonneau was born on March 22, 1767, in Boucherville, Quebec, a present-day suburb of Montreal, to parents Jean-Baptiste Charbonneau and Marguerite Deniau. In his youth, he worked for the North West Company, and by the time Lewis and Clark encountered him in late 1804, he was an independent trader living at a Minnetaree village on the Knife River, a tributary to the Missouri near present-day Stanton, North Dakota. Charbonneau lived in the village with his Shoshoni wife Sacagawea, who had been captured by Hidatsas in present-day Idaho four years earlier and may have been sold to Charbonneau as a slave. On November 4, William Clark wrote in his journal that “a Mr. Chaubonée [Charbonneau], interpreter for the Gros Ventre nation Came to See us…this man wished to hire as an interpreter.” Lewis and Clark made a contract with him, but not with Sacagawea, although it is clear that the captains saw Sacagawea’s great benefit to the expedition, because she could aid them when they traveled through her former homeland. -
Lewis & Clark Timeline
LEWIS & CLARK TIMELINE The following time line provides an overview of the incredible journey of the Lewis & Clark Expedition. Beginning with preparations for the journey in 1803, it highlights the Expedition’s exploration of the west and concludes with its return to St. Louis in 1806. For a more detailed time line, please see www.monticello.org and follow the Lewis & Clark links. 1803 JANUARY 18, 1803 JULY 6, 1803 President Thomas Jefferson sends a secret letter to Lewis stops in Harpers Ferry (in present-day West Virginia) Congress asking for $2,500 to finance an expedition to and purchases supplies and equipment. explore the Missouri River. The funding is approved JULY–AUGUST, 1803 February 28. Lewis spends over a month in Pittsburgh overseeing APRIL–MAY, 1803 construction of a 55-foot keelboat. He and 11 men head Meriwether Lewis is sent to Philadelphia to be tutored down the Ohio River on August 31. by some of the nation’s leading scientists (including OCTOBER 14, 1803 Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Smith Barton, Robert Patterson, and Caspar Wistar). He also purchases supplies that will Lewis arrives at Clarksville, across the Ohio River from be needed on the journey. present-day Louisville, Kentucky, and soon meets up with William Clark. Clark’s African-American slave York JULY 4, 1803 and nine men from Kentucky are added to the party. The United States’s purchase of the 820,000-square mile DECEMBER 8–9, 1803 Louisiana territory from France for $15 million is announced. Lewis leaves Washington the next day. Lewis and Clark arrive in St. -
3Rd Grade Day 1
3rd Grade Day 1 Language Arts: Read your A.R. book for 20 minutes. Write 3 words that were new to you or 3 words of which you weren’t completely sure of the definition. Look up the definitions of those 3 words and write them on a piece of loose leaf paper; be sure to include the part of speech. Social Studies: Read the biography on Bruno Mars (attached) Write down 5 things you learned from the article. Day 2 3rd Grade Language Arts: Read your A.R. book for 20 minutes. Write 5 bullet points explaining what you read. EXAMPLE: The Munchkins told Dorothy and Toto followed the Yellow Brick Road to see the Wizard of Oz. Social Studies: Read the biography on Military Leaders: Geronimo (attached) Write down 5 things you learned from the article. Day 3 3rd Grade Language Arts: Read your A.R. book 20 minutes. Write 3 words that were new to you or 3 words of which you weren’t completely sure of the definition. Look up the definitions of those 3 words and write them on a piece of paper; be sure to include the part of speech. Social Studies: Read the biography on Jane Goodall (attached) Write down 5 things you learned from the article. Day 4 3rd Grade Language Arts: Read your A.R. book 30 minutes. Write 5 bullet points explaining what you read. EXAMPLE: The Munchkins told Dorothy and Toto followed the Yellow Brick Road to see the Wizard of Oz. Social Studies: Read the biography on Anne Frank (attached) Write down 5 things you learned from the article. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E750 HON
E750 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks May 8, 2001 of the 1950s. The less-stable post-Cold War this week as the Regional Subcontractor of smuggling operations, while staying out of the world, with the addition of such nations as the Year. She is the first in our region to re- host nation’s respective internal affairs and Northern Korea, Iraq and Iran to the list of ceive this award. chain of command. Although an innovative ap- potential nuclear threats, adds to that. (In fairness, though, Ms. Hillburst’s father started the Commercial proach to drug policy, this helping-hand policy The ABM treaty is a sticking point, of Printing Company in Rockford in 1948. She is in obvious need of review, especially with sorts, but that doesn’t mean a new document assumed the helm of the company in 1989. respect to Peru. can’t be crafted to take its place. Contrary, The business performs customized and com- Mr. Speaker, as you know, Section 1012 of perhaps, to common perception, there is a mercial printing jobs. Rebecca Hillburst and the 1995 Defense Authorization Act requires provision for withdrawing from it. Either her four employees, George, Lars and Eleanor Russia or the United States can get out on Hillburst and Darcie Powelson are symbolic of that U.S. intelligence and related assets can six months’ notice by explaining that its the small entrepreneurial enterprise that only be used if the President determines ‘‘supreme interests’’ have been jeopardized whether drug smuggling comprise an ‘‘extraor- by events relating to the treaty. makes America great. -
History of North Dakota Chapter 3
34 History of North Dakota CHAPTER 3 A Struggle for the Indian Trade THE D ISCOVERY OF AMERICA set in motion great events. For one thing, it added millions of square miles of land to the territorial resources which Europeans could use. For another, it provided a new source of potential income for the European economy. A golden opportunity was at hand, and the nations of Europe responded by staking out colonial empires. As the wealth of the New World poured in, it brought about a 400-year boom and transformed European institutions. Rivalry for empire brought nations into conflict over the globe. It reached North Dakota when fur traders of three nationalities struggled to control the Upper Missouri country. First the British, coming from Hudson Bay and Montreal, dominated trade with the Knife River villages. Then the Spanish, working out of St. Louis, tried to dislodge the British, but distance and the hostility of Indians along the Missouri A Struggle for the Indian Trade 35 caused them to fail. After the Louisiana Purchase, Lewis and Clark claimed the Upper Missouri for the United States, and Americans from St. Louis began to seek trade there. They encountered the same obstacles which had stopped the Spanish, however, and with the War of 18l 2, they withdrew from North Dakota, leaving it still in British hands. THE ARRIVAL OF BRITISH TRADERS When the British captured Montreal in 1760, the French abandoned their posts in the Indian country and the Indians were compelled to carry all of their furs to Hudson Bay. Before long, however, British traders from both the Bay and Montreal began to venture into the region west of Lake Superior, and by 1780 they had forts on the Assiniboine River. -
ORPHEUM BISBEE Crats Would No Doubt Come to It from and Race Suicide Become Iise Bisbee, Arizona
PAGE FOUR THE BISBEE DAILY REVIEW, BtSBEE, ARIZONA, FRIDAY MORING, JULY 31, 1908. DEMOCRATIC BARBECUE tackle any one of the numerous sub- - MAKING BEAUTY c- isSMtfiaMMSMisiswisissjiatsewisMwesMisisieMsieisisissiiiesMWSMisisiew THE BISBEE DAILY REVIEW FOR RATIFICATION concerning which one so well In- - A CRIME The Warren Democratic. Club has formed may write without leg work. What is in effect a bill to abolish1 -- All the News That's Fit to Print." already determined upon a grand bar There would always be the uudiscov- - matrimony has been introduced in the; Published at Bisbee, Arizona, the bocuo to be gives at Lewis Spiinus ered north pole ai which to dash and (leorgia legislature by Assemblyman est Mining City In the West, at the - anthropoid to Review Building, corner O. K. Street sometime after the territorial conven- our ancestor, the ujie, Glenn. The measure provides that Bank Bisboe mo Review Avenue. ,o August wilds, and If any woman, maid or of on The tion be held at Prescott studv in his native the' whether i i 8th. It is the purpose of the club to Andes and the Alps and the nioun- - widow, shall betray into matrimony, BISBEE, ARIZONA CONSOLIDATED PRINTING k PUB- ? climb write any unsuspecting the1 LISHING COMPANY. arrange to have Hon. Man Smith as tains of the moon to and male subject of W. H. BROPHY, President M. J. CUNNINGHAM, Cashier the principal orator and it is pro- - from. The mine of material Is inex- - state by scents, paints, powder or J. 8. DOUGLAS, H. A. SCHWARTZ, Ass't. Cashier CO. H. KELLY President W. -
Voyageur Discourse and the Absence of Fur Trade Pidgin
VOYAGEUR DISCOURSE AND THE ABSENCE OF FUR TRADE PIDGIN George Lang fiKE OTHER CULTURAL renegades, the coureur de bois or L 1 voyageur is an often neglected figure, in part because he falls between stools. His transgression of civilized values, plus his willingness to adapt and/or to be adopted into native cultures, inspired both the contempt of his fellow whites and the mistrust of French and British colonial authorities. Within a generation or two the voyageur was as likely as not to be blood relative with natives. Yet his objectives remained distinct. Surviving, indeed prospering along an interface, he did not fit into either of the worlds he wedded. When the relative autonomy of those worlds ceased, the voyageur himself vanished. In one regard, though, the voyageur is unlike other Überläufer (cultural turn- coats, like the Dunbar of the recent American film, Dances with Wolves) : he has had the misfortune to be co-opted retrospectively into the very roles he fled. "[L]es Québécois, en quête de racines françaises, effacent dans le personnage tout ce qui peut rappeler l'amiguïté du coureur de bois, ils le transforment en pionnier d'une colonisation civilisatrice et catholique." (Jacquin 240) So sanitized, the voyageur is expunged of the function that best defined and sustained him economically for over two centuries — that as intermediary between cultures, not forerunner of a single one. English-language writers have also tended to focus softly on the voyageur, though differently. Popular images proliferate of the sturdy but irrepressibly Gallic side- kicks of the dour Scots factors who laid the foundations of Canada, their "little French chansons .