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The Circassian: a Life of Esref Bey, Late Ottoman Insurgent and Special Agent
The Circassian: A Life of Esref Bey, Late Ottoman Insurgent and Special Agent By Benjamin C. Fortna London: Hurst Publishers, 2016, 341 pages, £25.00, ISBN: 9781849045780. Reviewed by İrem Gündüz-Polat, İstanbul Şehir University Kuşçubaşızade Eşref (d. 1964) is as a traitor to his country because probably one of the most com- he did not follow the orders of Mus- plicated and elusive figures in the tafa Kemal and the new parliament transformation period spanning in Ankara. These two extremes are the end of the Ottoman Empire and due in part to the paucity of infor- the beginning of the Republic of mation about and misinterpreta- Turkey. Today, he has a controver- tions of his missions and the Special sial reputation within the country. Organization (Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa) Some view him as a heroic figure for of which he was a part. In his new his pan-Islamist and pan-Turkic operations book, The Circassian: A Life of Esref Bey, Late to save the Ottoman state. Others view him Ottoman Insurgent and Special Agent, Benja- 2017 Summer 265 BOOK REVIEWS min Fortna considers the controversy about ment of gold for the Ottoman army. During Eşref’s life misleading; he therefore tries to this mission, Eşref was ambushed, captured, objectively describe and contextualize Bey’s and sent to Cairo. Chapter seven describes story. Fortna contributes not only to Eşref’s Eşref’s brief internment in the British pris- biography, but also to current knowledge con- oner-of-war camp at Malta. Upon Eşref’s re- cerning the groundbreaking events and insti- turn to Anatolia, Mustafa Kemal tasked him tutions of the first decades of the twentieth to raise local Circassian leaders against the century. -
Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: the Zor Al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective
Theoretical Inquiries in Law 4.2 (2003) Colonialism, Colonization, and Land Law in Mandate Palestine: The Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya Land Disputes in Historical Perspective Geremy Forman & Alexandre Kedar* This articlefocuses on land rights, land law, and land administration within a multilayered colonial setting by examining a major land dispute in British-ruled Palestine (1917-1948). Our research reveals that the Mandate legal system extinguished indigenous rights to much land in the Zor al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya regions through its use of "colonial law"- the interpretation of Ottoman law by colonial officials, the use of foreign legal concepts, and the transformation of Ottoman law through supplementary legislation.However the colonial legal system was also the site of local resistance by some Palestinian Arabs attempting to remain on their land in the face of the pressure of the Mandate authorities and Jewish colonization officials. This article sheds light on the dynamics of the Mandate legal system and colonial law in the realm of land tenure relations.It also suggests that the joint efforts of Mandate and Jewish colonization officials to appropriate Geremy Forman is a Ph.D. candidate in the University of Haifa's Department of Land of Israel Studies. Alexandre (Sandy) Kedar is a Lecturer in the University of Haifa's Faculty of Law. Names of authors by alphabetical order. We would like to thank Oren Yiftachel for his contribution to this article and Michael Fischbach for his insightful remarks and suggestions. We are also grateful to Assaf Likhovsky for his feedback and constructive criticism, to Anat Fainstein for her research assistance, and to Dana Rothman of Theoretical Inquiries in Law for her expert editorial advice. -
Israel's Rights As a Nation-State in International Diplomacy
Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs Institute for Research and Policy המרכז הירושלמי לענייני ציבור ומדינה )ע"ר( ISRAEl’s RiGHTS as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy Israel’s Rights as a Nation-State in International Diplomacy © 2011 Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs – World Jewish Congress Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 13 Tel Hai Street, Jerusalem, Israel Tel. 972-2-561-9281 Fax. 972-2-561-9112 Email: [email protected] www.jcpa.org World Jewish Congress 9A Diskin Street, 5th Floor Kiryat Wolfson, Jerusalem 96440 Phone : +972 2 633 3000 Fax: +972 2 659 8100 Email: [email protected] www.worldjewishcongress.com Academic Editor: Ambassador Alan Baker Production Director: Ahuva Volk Graphic Design: Studio Rami & Jaki • www.ramijaki.co.il Cover Photos: Results from the United Nations vote, with signatures, November 29, 1947 (Israel State Archive) UN General Assembly Proclaims Establishment of the State of Israel, November 29, 1947 (Israel National Photo Collection) ISBN: 978-965-218-100-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction and Overview Ambassador Alan Baker .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 The National Rights of Jews Professor Ruth Gavison ........................................................................................................................................................................... 9 “An Overwhelmingly Jewish State” - From the Balfour Declaration to the Palestine Mandate -
Selected Bibliography
SELECTED BIbLIOGRApHY PRIMARY SOURCEs IRIsH ARCHIVEs The National Archives of Ireland, Dublin • Royal Irish Constabulary: registers of service • Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary: registers of service • Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA series) • Department Taoiseach (TSCH series) Trinity College Dublin Archives • MUN/V/5, MUN/V/6, MUN/V/24 • MSS 2723-2724, Eric G. Hart collection • Dublin University Calendars Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, Dublin • TCPK/5/3/9, Kirkpatrick Newspaper Archive Irish Franciscan Archive, Dublin • Eugene Hoade collection Military Archives, Dublin • Bureau of Military History: Witness statements, 1913-21 Kilkenny County Archives, Kilkenny • Maidenhall-Laviston collection © The Author(s) 2019 269 S. W. Gannon, The Irish Imperial Service, Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96394-5 270 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Erasmus Smith Trust Archive, Dublin • Dublin High School archive Police Service of Northern Ireland: Police Museum, Belfast • Royal Ulster Constabulary service record card collection • Michael O’Rorke collection PRONI • D1581 James Pollock papers BRITISH ARCHIVES The National Archives, Kew • Cabinet papers: CAB/24. • Colonial Office series: CO/429; CO/430; CO/537; CO/733; CO/762; CO/850; CO/877; CO/904; CO/919. • Home Office series: HO/45; HO/144; HO/351. • Treasury series: T/160; T/161; T/172. • War Office series: WO/35; WO/100; WO/363; WO/364; WO/372. The Middle East Centre Archive, St Antony’s College, Oxford • GB165-0365 Palestine -
Then with the Civilian Administration up Until Britain Lence And
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF MichaelA.Earl-Taylor for the degree of Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies in History, Anthropology and English presented on May 30, 1989. Title:British Policies Towards Palestine 1917-1922. q. Abstract approved: ?A Ku Phi This study traces British government policies with regard to Palestine from the time the British Expedition- ary Forces under General Allenbyinvested Jerusalem in December 1917 to the imposition of the Mandatewith Britain as the Mandatory power, which came into effect on July 22,1922. The first chapter provides an historical introduction and examines the sequence of events leading to the Balfour Declaration of November 1917. The subsequent chapters deal with British policies during the MilitaryAdministration,which lasted from 1917-1920, and then with the Civilian Administration up until Britain formally assumed the Mandate of the Covenant ofthe League of Nations. Perhaps no policies ever pursued by successive British governments have been more fraught with ambiva- lence and contradiction than those of the Palestine mandate.British interests were defined not only by moral concerns with regard to the position of the Jewish people, but strategic considerations of Palestine and its geo- graphic location as a buffer zone to the lifeline of the empire--the Suez Canal.In this respect, the government of India, the source of the British military power in the Near East exerted as much, and sometimes more, influence over British Middle East policy as theForeign Office, and later, the Colonial Office combined. The inclusion of the Balfour Declaration in the Man- date placed the British government in an extraordinary and difficultposition. -
Download Our AIA Magazine 2015
WHO WE ARE FOUNDER COUNCIL The Late Brigadier General Lady Sainsbury (Chairman) Sir Wyndham Deedes, CMG, DSO Lady Anderson Sir Andrew Burns, KCMG HON PRESIDENT The Earl of Balfour contents HE The Ambassador of Israel Mrs E Corob Dame Vivien Duffield, DBE 5. HON VICE-PRESIDENTS Mr JM Greenwood CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE Mr M Green Mrs M Park 6. ISRAAID Mrs L Hochhauser The Marquess of Reading Mr J Marshall Mr D Sumberg 8. WITH NO SOLUTION IN SIGHT: BETWEEN TWO NATIONAL MOVEMENTS - SHLOMO AVINERI Mr GR Pinto The Lord Weidenfeld Lady Sainsbury The Rt Hon The Lord Woolf, PC 12. A WAKE UP CALL TO THE WEST - BENNY MORRIS Mr A Yablon 17. ISRAEL’S PEOPLE WANT PEACE TOO. PRESSURE DOESN’T HELP – DANIEL TAUB EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (TRUSTEES) The Lord Bew (Chairman) DINNER COMMITTEE 18. BDS AND UK CHARITIES Mrs J Atkin Lady Baker (Co Chairman) Mr R Bolchover (Co-Deputy Chairman) Mr A Reeve (Co Chairman) 22. I AM A ZIONIST Miss B Dingle Ms L Diamond 24. AMBASSADOR MATTHEW GOULD Professor D Hochhauser (Co-Deputy Chairman) Mr B Streather Mr D Kessler Mrs E Tarling 25. SPEECH MADE BY AMBASSADOR DANIEL TAUB AT THE “WE STAND BY ISRAEL CONFERENCE” Mr H Lewis FCA (Hon Treasurer) Ms O Polizzi EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 26. IN THE NEWS Mr A Reeve Mrs Ruth Saunders Dr A Sher 30. ISRAELI INNOVATIONS Mr B Streather 42. SUZANNE PERLMAN - A VISIONARY EXPRESSIONIST. Mrs E Tarling Mr T Vince 46. WAS THIS THE SITE OF JESUS’S TRIAL? 48. ISRAEL GETS ITS NINTH UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE SITE 50. -
From the Balfour Declaration to the Palestine Mandate
“AN OVERWHELMINGLY JEWISH STATE” - FROM THE BALFOUR DECLARATION TO THE PALESTINE MANDATE Martin Gilbert On 22 July 1922, when the League of Nations announced the terms of Britain’s Mandate for Palestine, it gave prominence to the Balfour Declaration. ‘The Mandatory should be responsible,’ the preamble stated, ‘for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917, by the Government of His Britannic Majesty…in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people…’1 The preamble of the Mandate included the precise wording of the Balfour Declaration. Nothing in the Balfour Declaration dealt with Jewish statehood, immigration, land purchase or the boundaries of Palestine. This essay examines how British policy with regard to the ‘national home for the Jewish people’ evolved between November 1917 and July 1922, and the stages by which the Mandate commitments were reached. In the discussions on the eve of the Balfour Declaration, the British War Cabinet, desperate to persuade the Jews of Russia to urge their government to renew Russia’s war effort, saw Palestine as a Jewish rallying cry. To this end, those advising the War Cabinet, and the Foreign Secretary himself, A.J. Balfour, encouraged at least the possibility of an eventual Jewish majority, even if it might – with the settled population of Palestine then being some 600,000 Arabs and 60,000 Jews – be many years before such a majority emerged. On 31 October 1917, Balfour had told the War Cabinet that while the words ‘national home…did -
The Anglo-Israel Association November 2019
NOVEMBER 2019 THE ANGLO-ISRAEL ASSOCIATION WHO WE ARE FOUNDER EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CONTENTS THE LATE BRIGADIER CHAIRMAN GENERAL THE LORD BEW SIR WYNDHAM DEEDES, CMG, DSO VICE-CHAIRMAN MR. R. BOLCHOVER 5 Chairman’s Message HON. PRESIDENT HE THE AMBASSADOR OF ISRAEL 6 COMMITTEE Genesis of AIA and AIA today MRS. J. ATKIN CONTENTS HON. VICE-PRESIDENTS: 16 Amos Oz: My brother, My teacher MISS. B. DINGLE MR. M. GREEN PROF. D. HOCHHAUSER 18 Karl Marx: Philosophy and Revolution MRS. L. HOCHHAUSER CBE MR. S. JAFFE MR. J. MARSHALL MR. D. KESSLER 20 Chronicle of 20 Israeli Election Firsts CONTENTS LADY SAINSBURY MRS. O. POLIZZI 24 Israel’s Information War MR. A. REEVE HON. TREASURER MRS. F. SAUNDERSON MR. H. LEWIS 27 ‘We cannot vote Labour’ CONTENTS MR. B. STREATHER COUNCIL MRS. E. TARLING 29 Israel – Iran Conflict CHAIRMAN MR. T. VINCE 30 ‘Textbook Error by Republic of Ireland’ LADY SAINSBURY DINNER COMMITTEE LADY ANDERSON 32 Tel Aviv launches White City CONTENTS SIR ANDREW BURNS, KCMG MS. E. EMANUEL 34 10th Ambassadors’ Roundtable THE EARL OF BALFOUR MR. A. REEVE MRS. E. COROB MRS. F. SAUNDERSON 36 Innovations from Israel DAME VIVIEN DUFFIELD, DBE MR. B. STREATHER MR. JM GREENWOOD MRS. E. TARLING 53 Israel’s Sustainability Initiative THE MARQUESS OF READING 56 Clergy Study Tour of Israel MR. D. SUMBERG EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR THE RT HON. THE LORD WOOLF, PC CONTENTS MRS R SAUNDERS 58 “The Ladies from Shanghai” MR. A. YABLON 60 Ancient mosaic 62 Tom Cohen and the Arabesque Acre Festival CONTENTS FOLLOW THE ANGLO-ISRAEL ASSOCIATION ON FACEBOOK AND TWITTER AT: 64 Birdlife in Israel 68 Bird experts meet the pope 70 Boutique Hotels of Israel CONTENTS facebook.com/AngloIsraelAssoc/ @AngloIsraelAssn 74 AIA Educational Trusts 76 Future of wine: Very very dry CONTENTS ANGLO-ISRAEL ASSOCIATION PO Box 47819, London NW11 7WD T: 020 8458 1284 F. -
Was Balfour Policy Reversible? the Colonial Office and Palestine, 1921-23
WAS BALFOUR POLICY REVERSIBLE? THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND PALESTINE, 1921-23 SAHAR HUNEIDI This paper focuses on the role played by the Middle East Department of Britain's Colonial Office in shaping Palestine policy from early 1921 to September 1923, when the Mandate for Palestine took effect. It shows the department's efforts to neutralize the growing domestic challenges to the Jewish national home policy and highlights the con- trast between the department's treatment of the successive Arab dele- gations and the privileged access accorded to the Zionists. It concludes that if there were times during this period that the policy could have been overturned, the efforts of the Middle East Department were largely responsible for keeping it on course. DESPITE THE LLOYD GEORGE GOVERNMENT S FIRM EMBRACE of the Balfour Decla- ration as official policy, the first years of British rule in Palestine were marked by a degree of uncertainty. The Jaffa riots of May 1921, after a year of calm, showed the extent to which the Arabs were unreconciled to the "Jew- ish national home" called for in the Balfour Declaration. The British army, which had remained in Palestine as a security force after the establishment of the Civil Administration in July 1920, was openly anti-Zionist. The British press, initially favorable to the Jewish national home policy, had by the early 1920s become increasingly skeptical if not hostile, and a movement opposed to the Balfour Declaration was gaining ground within parliament. When, against this background, a Conservative government came to power at the end of 1922, there seemed a real possibility that the pro-Zionist policy could be reversed, and a spate of government inquiries into that policy continued well into 1923. -
From Empire to Empire
From Empire to Empire Space, Place, and Society John Rennie Short, Series Editor other titles from space, place, and society Frontiers of Femininity: A New Historical Geography of the Nineteenth-Century American West Karen M. Morin Globalizing City: Th e Urban and Economic Transformation of Accra, Ghana Richard Grant Imagined Country—Environment, Culture, and Society John Rennie Short Making Space: Revisioning the World, 1475–1600 John Rennie Short Migrants to the Metropolis: Th e Rise of Immigrant Gateway Cities Marie Price and Lisa Benton-Short, eds. Th e Politics of Landscapes in Singapore: Constructions of “Nation” Lily Kong and Brenda S. A. Yeoh Riverscapes and National Identities Tricia Cusack Tel Aviv: Mythography of a City Maoz Azaryahu Second Nature: Th e History and Implications of Australia as Aboriginal Landscape Lesley Head Women, Religion, and Space: Global Perspectives on Gender and Faith Karen M. Morin and Jeanne Kay Guelke, eds. From Empire to Empire Jerusalem Between Ottoman and British Rule Abigail Jacobson Syracuse University Press Copyright © 2011 by Syracuse University Press Syracuse, New York 13244-5290 All Rights Reserved First Edition 2011 11 12 13 14 15 16 6 5 4 3 2 1 ∞ Th e paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. For a listing of books published and distributed by Syracuse University Press, visit our Web site at SyracuseUniversityPress.syr.edu. ISBN: 978-0-8156-3255-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jacobson, Abigail, 1973– From empire to empire : Jerusalem between Ottoman and British rule / Abigail Jacobson. -
Lle(Ijaz Delegation, Paris, March 3 1919 Dear Mr Franlifurter: ...We
On the Land lle(ijaz Delegation, Paris, March 3 1919 Dear Mr Franlifurter: ..... We feel that the Arabs and Jews are cousins in race, suffering similar oppressions at the hands ofpowers stronger than themselves, and by a happy coincidence have been able to take the first step towards the attainment oftheir national ideals together Yours sincerely , Feisal (Quoted by Chaim Weizmann in]rial and Error) In !919 British government of Palestine seemed to many Jews a beacon of light. At the Peace Conference in Paris, Jewish co-existence with Arabs in Palestine looked no less possible than or the transformation of European Jewish tradesmen into farmers, or the reestablishment of Hebrew as a living language. T.E. Lawrence and Brigadier General Wyndham Deedes, both of whom had worked closely with Arabs and knew the situation well, considered the goals of Zionism and Arab nationalism compatible.. Emir Faisal thought "Arab nationalism and Zionism complete one another, and neither can be a real success without the other." Like Chaim Weizmann, and other Zionists, Norman Bentwich had good hopes of British administration and faith in the Balfour Declaration statement that "His Majesty's government looks with favour on the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object." After the Armistice was signed, Norman Bentwich returned to England on leave, and persuaded his wife Mamie to go back to Jerusalem with him. His sister Muriel , ( Budge) , who had worked as a nurse in London hospitals during the war, accepted a job in Jerusalem with Zionist Social Service. -
Armenians in British Intelligence During World War I: a Case Study of Thomas Mugerditchian
ABSTRACT ARMENIANS IN BRITISH INTELLIGENCE DURING WORLD WAR I: A CASE STUDY OF THOMAS MUGERDITCHIAN The role of Armenians in British intelligence has been largely neglected by historians of World War I. My thesis will explore the multifaceted identities of Armenian dragomans, vice-consuls, and intelligence officers in British service through the careers of Thomas Mugerditchian, Thomas Boyajian, and Arshak Safrastian. These Armenian agents inhabited a unique middle-ground between the East and the West as Christians living in an Islamic Empire. They manipulated their identities to navigate both European and Ottoman circles, making them effective as intelligence officers. Before World War I, Armenian dragomans and vice-consuls were important intermediaries between British consulates in the Ottoman Empire and local populations. When the Ottoman Empire joined the war on the side of the Central Powers, Armenian agents remained important to the British Empire as intelligence officers and translators. My thesis will explore the role of Armenian agents in the British war effort and how their service affected their complex identities, both how they perceived themselves and the extent to which different levels of the British government accepted them. Michael John Rettig December 2017 ARMENIANS IN BRITISH INTELLIGENCE DURING WORLD WAR I: A CASE STUDY OF THOMAS MUGERDITCHIAN by Michael John Rettig A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the College of Social Sciences California State University, Fresno December 2017 APPROVED For the Department of History: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following student meets the required standards of scholarship, format, and style of the university and the student's graduate degree program for the awarding of the master's degree.