DOCSLIB.ORG

Relationship Between Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea-Level Changes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Relationship Between Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea-Level Changes ISSN : 2579-5821 (Cetak) ISSN : 2579-5546 (Online) Alamat URL : http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/geocelebes Jurnal Geocelebes Vol. 1 No. 2, Oktober 2017, 38 – 42 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY AND RELATIVE SEA-LEVEL CHANGES Jamaluddin1, K. K. Romuald Sohores1, Muhammad Fawzy Ismullah M.2* 1Geological Engineering Department, School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China 2Geophysics Department, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia *Penulis koresponden. Alamat email: [email protected] Abstract The continuous sea-level rise will result in conditions where the level of accommodation space is greater than that of sediment supply produced under transgression conditions. When the sea level reaches its maximum point, the sedimentation rate will exceed the sea level rise and aggrades becomes more dominant progradation will result in new High-Stand System Tract (HST) condition. Keywords: Accommodation, Sea level changes, Sedimentation, Sequence, Stratigraphy Introduction level change. Accommodation space is the space or volume available and allows for A concept introduced in the mid 70’s by a the accumulation of sediment (Jervey, pioneer like Peter Vail, Sequence 1988). The accommodation space of the Stratigraphy appears to be a recent marine environment lies between sea level methodology in geology domain for and the seafloor where the formation and stratigraphic interpretations. It can also be change of space is a direct function of defined as a study of stratigraphic relative sea level change. Relative sea sequences in time and space which consist level change is a function of sea level of repetitively organized facies changes due to eustatic and tectonic. assemblages and strata, bounded by Changes in sea level occur over a broad unconformable or/ and conformable range of temporal and spatial scales, with surfaces. The sequence of stratigraphy is the many contributing factors making it an the study of the relationship between rocks integral measure of climate change (Milne in a recurrent chronostratigraphic et al., 2009). framework and composed by units of rock stratigraphy associated with a genetic scare The primary contributors to contemporary limited by a plane of erosion or a non- sea level change are the expansion of the deposition or a correlative whole plane. ocean as it warms and the transfer of water The basic unit of the stratigraphic currently stored on land to the ocean, sequence is the sequence, which is limited particularly from land ice (glaciers and ice by its unrelatedness and correlative sheets) (Church et al., 2011). alignment. The rationale for this research is The relative sea-level is measured from the accommodation space and relative sea sea level to a local datum that can vary its position, e.g. the upper limit of the 38 Relationship between Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea-Level Changes basement or a plane in the seabed sediment Data collection method pile (Posamentier et al. 1988). Sea level st, change is the influence of a combination of We started our data collection on April 1 eustasy, a decrease of the basin (tectonic, 2017 at 2.50 pm and it took us one month charge, and compaction) and sediment to gather all our data. Therefore, during supply. Typically, a relative change occurs that period, at the same time, every day, on a local or regional scale, but never in a we were supposed to be at the seashore to global scale. Subsidence, removal of measure the sea level and collect also other bedrock, sedimentary compaction data like sea temperature, the ambient involving the relative sea level reference temperature, wind speed, wind direction plane, and tectonic changes, all may cause and the humidity. relative sea level change. Sea water levels can relatively rise due to subsidence, We have some stairs built at the seashore. compaction and/ or decreased frustration; We took our initial point at the bottom of Sea level can be relatively decreased due the stairs cause the first day all the stairs were visible. The tide was so low that we to the lifting and/ or raising of eustation. can even see the sediment deposited at the bottom of the stairs. There were 26 stairs: Therefore, for a better understanding, ideas 25 stairs of 14 cm each and the last one at like systems tracts, para-sequence and the bottom was 9.5cm as shown in Figure sequence boundaries were developed. 2. So in total, our maximal height at the However, sequence stratigraphy is sea shore corresponding to the maximal sometimes associated with some Earth value that the sea can reach when it rises phenomena like global sea level changes was 359.5 cm or about 3.60 m ((25x14) (eustasy) and global tectonic process +9.5). (subsidence) allowing to explain the filling up of the sedimentary basin (accommodation space) by sediments. Figure 1. Stairs at the sea shore 39 Jamaluddin, dkk/ Jurnal Geocelebes Vol. 1 No. 2, Oktober 2017, 38 - 42 Results and discussions From day 25 to day 30 As the sea level is dropping again that part Sea Level Curve can be seen as a start of the third sequence, As we can see on the sea level curve, the starting with the third low-stand system first day the level of the sea was at his tract (LST3). lowest level. It started a rise up from day 2 to day 8 where it reached the highest Low-stand systems tract forms a level registered during our measurement regression arrangement containing campaign (276 cm). From that day, the sea sediment deposits during the relative sea level started dropping again until day 16 level decline, continuous still stand, and up and reached (36.5 cm). From day 16 to day to relatively slow sea level rise during 25 it went up again until 270.5 cm before regression on the shoreline can still be going down until the day 30 where the maintained. Low-stand systems tract is water level registered was 18 cm. located above the sequence boundary, According to that result, we can easily which is the visible unevenness of the divide the sea level curve into 3 parts surface of the shelf and correlative corresponding to 3 sequences. conformity toward the sea. Low-stand System Tract (LST) is formed when the From day 1 to day 8 sea level rises rapidly and steadily at the We have the end of the first low stand maximum sea level decrease and when the system tract (LST 1), the first transgressive sea water begins to rise slowly. This system tract (TST 1) and the first high- system will produce precipitated deposits stand system tract (HST 1). In general, we on the beach and delta and river deposits can say that this first part shows us the that fill the incised valley. complete transgressive and high-stand system tract where the sea level was rising High-stand systems tract is a sequence of rapidly until the highest level (276 cm). sediment when sea level improvement is relatively reduced to less than settling rate. From day 8 to day 16 The high-stand systems tract is limited by We registered a fast drop of the sea level the maximum flooding surface below and which can show the end of the first high- the upper limit of the elbow. During the stand system tract because, at day 8, the initial high-stand systems, tract sea level was at its highest level and accommodation increased rapidly and the started dropping rapidly until day 16 at deposition was more gradational, while at 36.5 cm which is the second low-stand the end of high-stand systems tract the system tract (LST 2). acceleration of accommodation decreased as relative sea level decline and more From day 16 to day 25 progradation deposition, so that at the end The sea level restarted to rise again until of high-stand systems tract is more sand 270.5 cm. That part contains the end of than in the early high-stand systems tract. LST 2 and the second transgressive system In seismic, the beginning of high stand tract (TST 2) followed by the second high- systems tract is recognized by the form of stand system tract (HST 2). progradation off-lap, while at the end of high-stand systems tract is recognized by oblique. 40 Relationship between Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea-Level Changes LST1 TST1 HST1 LST2 TST2 HST2 LST3 SEA LEVEL CHANGES CURVE sqce 1 sqce 2 sqce 3 Height of water water of(cm) Height Days 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sequence boundary 1 Sequence boundary 2 Figure 2 Below show us the different sequence divisions. The continuous sea level rise results in a level height. Until now, we know that the condition where the level of main causes of rising and dropping of the accommodation space is greater than the tide are: sediment supply produced under 1. Change of the volume of ocean water, transgression conditions. The deposition 2. Change of the volume of ocean basin, area of the sedimentation change towards 3. Attraction forces by the moon and the the terrain results in retro-gradation para- sun on the Earth. sequence. Transgressive surface will be characterized by more marine sediments Therefore, we will correlate the data of the compared with non-marine sediment. other collected with the sea level data. Sediments deposited under these conditions result in a transgressive system tract. The transgressive system tract will consist of alluvial and coastal deposits, shallow marine deposits, offshore marine deposits, but excluding submarine-fan sediments. When sea level reaches its maximum point, sedimentation rate will exceed sea level rise and aggradation becomes more dominant progradation will result in new high-stand system tract Figure 3 Sea level and temperatures (ambient & condition.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sequence Stratigraphy Basics, Concepts & Applications
    Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Sequence Stratigraphy Basics, Concepts & Applications 07.-09.03.2016 Dr. Hartmut Jäger Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Books Posamen(er , H.W. & Weimer, P . (eds), 1994: Siliciclas/c Sequence Stragraphy: Recent Developments and Applicaons. (AAPG Memoir) Loucks, R.G. & Sarg, J.F., 1994: Carbonate Sequence Stragraphy: Recent Developments and Applicaons. (AAPG Memoir) Emery, D. & Myers, K., 1996: Sequence Stragraphy. Blackwell Science Catuneanu, O., 2006: Principles of Sequence Stragraphy (Developments in Sedimentology). Elsevier Haq, B.U., 2013: Sequence Stragraphy and Deposi/onal Response to Eustac, Tectonic and Climac Forcing. (Coastal Systems and Con/nental Margins). Springer Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Stragraphy “the science of strafied (layered) rocks in terms of /me and space” (Oxford Dic/onary of Earth Sciences, 2003) Sequence "A chronologic succession of sedimentary rocks from older below to younger above, essen/ally without interrup/on, bounded by unconformi/es.” (Glossary of Geology, 1987) Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Sequence stratigraphy is one type of lithostratigraphy • used for subdivision of the sedimentary basin fll by a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces • creates units of contemporaneous accumulated strata bounded by these surfaces (=sequences) • developed for clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins and
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphy, Sedimentary Structures, and Textures of the Late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Cap Carbonate in South China
    Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006, v. 76, 978–995 Research Article DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2006.086 STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES, AND TEXTURES OF THE LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC DOUSHANTUO CAP CARBONATE IN SOUTH CHINA 1 2 3 4 4 GANQING JIANG, MARTIN J. KENNEDY, NICHOLAS CHRISTIE-BLICK, HUAICHUN WU, AND SHIHONG ZHANG 1Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4010, U.S.A. , 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, U.S.A. , 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, U.S.A. 4School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The 3- to 5-m-thick Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China overlies the glaciogenic Nantuo Formation (ca. 635 Ma) and consists of laterally persistent, thinly laminated and normally graded dolomite and limestone indicative of relatively deep-water deposition, most likely below storm wave base. The basal portion of this carbonate contains a distinctive suite of closely associated tepee-like structures, stromatactis-like cavities, layer-parallel sheet cracks, and cemented breccias. The cores of tepees are composed of stacked cavities lined by cements and brecciated host dolomicrite. Onlap by laminated sediment indicates synsedimentary disruption of bedding that resulted in a positive seafloor expression. Cavities and sheet cracks contain internal sediments, and they are lined by originally aragonitic isopachous botryoidal cements with acicular radiating needles, now replaced by dolomite and silica. Pyrite and barite are common, and calcite is locally retained as a primary mineral.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Interval in Badlands National Park, South Dakota
    The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Interval in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Philip W. Stoffer1 Paula Messina John A. Chamberlain, Jr. Dennis O. Terry, Jr. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 01-56 2001 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Gale A. Norton, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Charles G. Groat, Director The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K-T) boundary study interval at the Rainbow Colors Overlook along Badlands Loop Road, North Unit of Badlands National Park. This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 1345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025 http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/open-file/of01-056/ ABSTRACT A marine K-T boundary interval has been identified throughout the Badlands National Park region of South Dakota. Data from marine sediments suggest that deposits from two asteroid impacts (one close, one far away) may be preserved in the Badlands. These impact- generated deposits may represent late Maestrichtian events or possibly the terminal K-T event. Interpretation is supported by paleontological correlation, sequence stratigraphy, magnetostratigraphy, and strontium isotope geochronology. This research is founded on nearly a decade of NPS approved field work in Badlands National Park and a foundation of previously published data and interpretations. The K-T boundary occurs within
    [Show full text]
  • Carbonates Versus Siliciclastics in Sequence Stratigraphy
    SEDIMENTOLOGY AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORMS A Short Course by Wolfgang Schlager Free University, Amsterdam Continuing Education Course Note Series #34 Published by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa, Oklahoma U.S.A. PREFACE Classical sequence stratigraphy has been developed primarily from siliciclastic systems. Application of the concept to carbonates has not been as straightforward as was originally expected even though the basic tenets of sequence stratigraphy are supposed to be applicable to all depositional systems. Rather than force carbonate platforms into the straightjacket of a concept derived from another sediment family, this course takes a different tack. It starts out from the premise that sequence stratigraphy is a modern and sophisticated version of lithostratigraphy and as such is a sedimentologic concept. "More sedimentology into sequence stratigraphy" is the motto of the course and the red line that runs through the chapters of this booklet. The course sets out with a review of sedimentologic principles governing the large-scale anatomy of reefs and platforms. It then looks at sequences and systems tracts from a sedimentologic point of view, assesses the differences between siliciclastics and carbonates in their response to sea level, evaluates processes that compete with sea level for control on carbonate sequences, and finally presents a set of guidelines for application of sequence stratigraphy to reefs and carbonate platforms. In compiling these notes, I have drawn not only on literature but also on as yet unpublished materials from my associates in the sedimentology group at the Free University, Amsterdam. I acknowledge in particular Hemmo Bosscher, Ewan Campbell, Juul Everaars, Arnout Everts, Jeroen Kenter, Henk van de Poel, John Reijmer, Jan Stafleu, and Flora Vijn.
    [Show full text]
  • Sequence Stratigraphy of a Mesozoic Carbonate Platform-To-Basin System in Western Sicily
    Cent. Eur. J. Geosci. • 1(3) • 2009 • 251-273 DOI: 10.2478/v10085-009-0021-8 Central European Journal of Geosciences Sequence stratigraphy of a Mesozoic carbonate platform-to-basin system in western Sicily Research Article Luca Basilone∗ Dipartimento di Geologia e Geodesia, Palermo University, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy Received 15 April 2009; accepted 9 June 2009 Abstract: Sequence stratigraphic studies of the Triassic through Paleogene carbonate successions of platform, slope and basin in western Sicily (Palermo and Termini Imerese Mountains) have identified a sedimentary cyclicity mostly caused by relative oscillations of sea level. The stratigraphic successions of the Imerese and Panormide palaeo- geographic domains of the southern Tethyan continental margin were studied with physical-stratigraphy and facies analysis to reconstruct the sedimentary evolution of this platform-to-basin system. The Imerese Basin is characterized by a carbonate and siliceous-calcareous succession, 1200-1400 m thick, Late Triassic to Eocene in age. The strata display a typical example of a carbonate platform margin, characterized by resedimented facies with progradational stacking patterns. The Panormide Carbonate Platform is characterized by a carbonate succession, 1000-1200 m thick, Late Triassic to Late Eocene, mostly consisting of shallow-water facies with periodic subaerial exposure. The cyclic arrangement has been obtained by the study of the stratigraphic signatures (unconformities, facies sequences, erosional surfaces and stratal geometries) found in the slope successions. The recognized pattern has been compared with coeval facies of the shelf. This correlation provided evidence of sedimentary evolution, influenced by progradation and backstepping of the shelf deposits. The stratigraphic architecture of the platform-to-basin system is characterized by four major transgres- sive/regressive cycles during the late Triassic to late Eocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Mid-Depth Calcareous Contourites in the Latest Cretaceous of Caravaca (Subbetic Zone, SE Spain)
    Mid-depth calcareous contourites in the latest Cretaceous of Caravaca (Subbetic Zone, SE Spain). Origin and palaeohydrological significance Javier Martin-Chivelet*, Maria Antonia Fregenal-Martinez, Beatriz Chac6n Departamento de 8stratigrajia. institute de Geologia Economica (CSiC-UCM). Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas. Universidad Complutense. 28040 Madrid, Spain Abstract Deep marine carbonates of Late Campanian to Early Maastrichtian age that crop out in the Subbetic Zone near Caravaca (SE Spain) contain a thick succession of dm-scale levels of calcareous contourites, alternating with fine-grained pelagitesl hemipelagites. These contourites, characterised by an abundance and variety of traction structures, internal erosive surfaces and inverse and nOlmal grading at various scales, were interpreted as having been deposited under the influence of relatively deep ocean CUlTents. Based on these contourites, a new facies model is proposed. The subsurface currents that generated the contourites of Caravaca were probably related to the broad circumglobal, equatorial current system, the strongest oceanic feature of Cretaceous times. These deposits were formed in the mid-depth (200-600 m), hemipelagic environments at the ancient southern margin of Iberia. This palaeogeographic setting was susceptible to the effects of these currents because of its position close to the narrowest oceanic passage, through which the broad equatorial cun'ent system flowed in the westemmost area of the Tethys Seaway. Regional uplift, related to the onset of convergence between Iberia and Africa, probably favoured the generation of the contourites during the Late Campanian to the Early Maastrichtian. Keyword\': Contourites; Palaeoceanography; Late Cretaceous; Caravaca; Betics; SE Spain 1. Introduction aI., 1996; Stow and Faugeres, 1993, 1998; Stow and Mayall, 2000a; Shanmugam, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous Methane Cold-Seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 10-2014 Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous methane cold-seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota Kimberly Cynthia Handle Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/355 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous methane cold-seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota by Kimberly Cynthia Handle A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2014 i © 2014 Kimberly Cynthia Handle All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Neil H. Landman____________________________ __________________ __________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee Harold C. Connolly, Jr.___ ____________________ __________________ __________________________________________ Date Deputy - Executive Officer Supervising Committee Harold C. Connolly, Jr John A. Chamberlain Robert F. Rockwell The City University of New York iii ABSTRACT The Paleoecology of Late Cretaceous methane cold-seeps of the Pierre Shale, South Dakota By Kimberly Cynthia Handle Adviser: Neil H. Landman Most investigations of ancient methane seeps focus on either the geologic or paleontological aspects of these extreme environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Depositional Controls and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lacustrine to Marine
    DEPOSITIONAL CONTROLS AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF LACUSTRINE TO MARINE TRANSGRESSIVE DEPOSITS IN A RIFT BASIN, LOWER CRETACEOUS BLUFF MESA, INDIO MOUNTAINS, WEST TEXAS ANDREW ANDERSON Master’s Program in Geology APPROVED: Katherine Giles, Ph.D., Chair Richard Langford, Ph.D. Vanessa Lougheed, Ph.D. Charles Ambler, Ph.D. Dean of the Graduate School Copyright © by Andrew Anderson 2017 DEDICATION To my parents for teaching me to be better than I was the day before. DEPOSITIONAL CONTROLS AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF LACUSTRINE TO MARINE TRANSGRESSIVE DEPOSITS IN A RIFT BASIN, LOWER CRETACEOUS BLUFF MESA, INDIO MOUNTAINS, WEST TEXAS by ANDREW ANDERSON, B.S. THESIS Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at El Paso in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Geological Sciences THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT EL PASO December 2017 ProQuest Number:10689125 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ProQuest 10689125 Published by ProQuest LLC ( 2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106 - 1346 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the Fall of 2014, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy
    Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 762 _____________________________ _____________________________ Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy An Integrated Approach to Constrain Evolution of Reservoir Quality in Sandstones BY JOÃO MARCELO MEDINA KETZER ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS UPPSALA 2002 Dissertation for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Mineral Chemistry, Petrology and Tectonics at the Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, 2002 Abstract Ketzer, J. 2002. Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy. an integrated approach to constrain evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 762. 30 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5439-9 Diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy have been formally treated as two separate disciplines in sedimentary petrology. This thesis demonstrates that synergy between these two subjects can be used to constrain evolution of reservoir quality in sandstones. Such integrated approach is possible because sequence stratigraphy provides useful information on parameters such as pore water chemistry, residence time of sediments under certain geochemistry conditions, and detrital composition, which ultimately control diagenesis of sandstones. Evidence from five case studies and from literature, enabled the development of a conceptual model for the spatial and temporal distribution of diagenetic alterations and related evolution of reservoir quality
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Application of Sequence Stratigraphy and Risk Analysis for Stratigraphic Trap Exploration
    t2.o Practical Application of Sequence Stratigraphy and Risk Analysis for Stratigraphic Trap Exploration Takeshi Nakanishi B.Sc. Geology - Osaka City University (Japan) M.Sc. Geology - Osaka Cþ University (Japan) National Centre for Petroleum Geology and Geophysics The University of Adelaide This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science, The Universþ of Adelaide September 2002 THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE AUSTRALIA (Dr. g. llo Çeorge Affen. Table of Contents Table of Contents Abstract .. vllr I)eclaration x Acknowledgments xl Chapter l-Introduction I 1.1 Risk analysis inthe petroleum exploration business ........ 1 1.2 Stratigraphic traps: the targets to diversiff exploration risk .. 5 1.3 Sequence stratigraphy and stratigraphic trap exploration - l5 1.4 Designing an evaluationprocedure for stratigraphic trap exploration . .-...... 18 1.5 Publications t9 Chapter 2 - Methodology 20 2.1 Quantitative geologic risk evaluation and ENPV evaluation in JNOC's projects ... 20 2.1.1 Introduction 20 2.1.2 ENPV: Expected Net Present Value ... 20 2.1.3 Geologic risk evaluation ...... 29 2.1.4 Consistency - the challenge for the future 36 2.2lntegration of sequence stratigraphy and 3D seismic dat¿ visualisation 37 2.2.1 Sequence stratigraphy 37 2.2.2 3D seismic data visualisation ...... 47 2.23lnfegration of sequence stratigraphic concept and 3D seismic data visualisation. 52 Chapter 3 - Case Study Areas and Available Data 55 Chapter 4 - General Geologic Setting and Petroleum Systems of the Southern Cooper-Eromanga Basin 64 4.1 Stratigraphic and tectonic setting 64 4.2 Petroleum systems 68 4.2.1 Source rocks and migration..
    [Show full text]
  • Sedimentological Signatures of Extreme Marine Inundations
    Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Geologia Sedimentological signatures of extreme marine inundations Pedro José Miranda da Costa Doutoramento em Geologia Especialidade em Geologia Económica e do Ambiente 2012 I Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Geologia Sedimentological signatures of extreme marine inundations Pedro José Miranda da Costa Doutoramento em Geologia Especialidade em Geologia Económica e do Ambiente Tese orientada pelo Prof. Doutor César Augusto Canelhas Freire de Andrade e pelo Prof. Doutor Alastair George Dawson, especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de doutor em Geologia, especialidade em Geologia Económica e do Ambiente 2012 II Sedimentological signatures of extreme marine inundations Resumo A identificação e diferenciação de depósitos de invasões marinhas extremas (i.e. tsunamis e tempestades), é essencial para a reconstrução da sua distribuição espacial e para a determinação de tempos de recorrência de eventos desta natureza. As características de depósitos de paleotsunamis podem variar de local para local com as características geomorfológicas e sedimentológicas do sector costeiro em análise, bem como, com a deposição e/ou erosão associadas à inundação e ao retorno das ondas. Estes factores tornam o reconhecimento de paleotsunamis, numa sequência sedimentar, uma tarefa ousada. Além de que, existem também variadíssimas similaridades entre depósitos sedimentares de tsunamis e de tempestades, o que pode restringir de sobremaneira a precisão no seu reconhecimento e, consequentemente, na determinação de períodos de retorno para invasões marinhas extremas. Esta trabalho tem como objectivo fundamental contribur para mitigar estas dificuldades, focando-se sobre a aplicação de análise litoestratigráfica, textural, morfoscópica, microtextural e de composição mineralógica, para identificar depósitos de inundações marinhas extremas e determinar as suas prováveis fontes sedimentares.
    [Show full text]
  • 174Ax Leg Summary: Sequences, Sea Level, Tectonics, and Aquifer Resources: Coastal Plain Drilling1
    Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Browning, J.V., et al. Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Initial Reports Volume 174AX (Suppl.) 174AX LEG SUMMARY: SEQUENCES, SEA LEVEL, TECTONICS, AND AQUIFER RESOURCES: COASTAL PLAIN DRILLING1 Kenneth G. Miller, James V. Browning, Peter J. Sugarman, Peter P. McLaughlin, Michelle A. Kominz, Richard K. Olsson, James D. Wright, Benjamin S. Cramer, Stephen J. Pekar, William Van Sickel2 SUMMARY This chapter provides the background, objectives, and major scien- tific accomplishments of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 174AX/ 174AXS, during which four boreholes were drilled onshore in the New Jersey (NJ) and Delaware (DE) Coastal Plains. These boreholes not only targeted the onshore equivalents of Miocene sequences drilled offshore during Leg 174AX with holes at Ocean View, NJ, and Bethany Beach, DE, but also provided an unprecedented sampling of marine Upper Cre- taceous–Paleogene onshore sequences with holes at Bass River and Ancora, NJ. Major scientific accomplishments of Leg 174AX include evaluating controls on sea level and sequences and global events in Earth history. Sea Level We established that eustasy is the dominant process that determines the template for potential sequences and their general architecture (stacking patterns and preservation of stratal surfaces) on the U.S. Mid- Atlantic margin. Leg 150X and 174AX onshore cores yielded a high- 1Examples of how to reference the resolution (1-m.y. resolution) chronology of ~30 Cenozoic and 11–14 whole or part of this volume. Late Cretaceous sequences by integrating Sr isotopic stratigraphy and 2 Shipboard Scientific Party biostratigraphy. Sequence boundaries (from 42 to 8 Ma) correlate with addresses.
    [Show full text]