Sequence Stratigraphy and Its Application to Developing Robust Conceptual Site Models and Remedial Strategies
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Holocene Progradation and Retrogradation of the Central Texas Coast Regulated by Alongshore and Cross-Shore Sediment Flux Variability
Received: 4 May 2020 | Revised: 8 October 2020 | Accepted: 15 October 2020 DOI: 10.1002/dep2.130 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Holocene progradation and retrogradation of the Central Texas Coast regulated by alongshore and cross-shore sediment flux variability Christopher I. Odezulu1 | Travis Swanson2 | John B. Anderson1 1Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Rice University, Abstract Houston, TX, USA Fifteen transects of sediment cores located off the central Texas coast between 2Department of Geology and Geography, Matagorda Peninsula and North Padre Island were investigated to examine the off- Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, shore record of Holocene evolution of the central Texas coast. The transects extend GA, USA from near the modern shoreline to beyond the toe of the shoreface. Lithology, grain *Correspondence size and fossil content were used to identify upper shoreface, lower shoreface, ebb- Christopher I. Odezulu, Department tidal delta and marine mud lithofacies. Interpretations of these core transects show of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Science, Rice University, Houston, TX, a general stratigraphic pattern across the study area that indicates three major epi- USA. sodes of shoreface displacement. First, there was an episode of shoreface prograda- Email: [email protected] tion that extended up to 5 km seaward. Second, an episode of landward shoreline Funding information displacement is indicated by 3–4 km of marine mud onlap. Third, the marine muds Rice University Shell Center for Sustainability. are overlain by shoreface sands, which indicates another episode of shoreface pro- gradation of up to 5 km seaward. Radiocarbon ages constrain the onset of the first episode of progradation to ca 6.5 ka, ending at ca 5.0 ka when the rate of sea-level rise slowed from an average rate of 1.6–0.5 mm/yr. -
Formal Power Series - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Formal power series - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_power_series Formal power series From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In mathematics, formal power series are a generalization of polynomials as formal objects, where the number of terms is allowed to be infinite; this implies giving up the possibility to substitute arbitrary values for indeterminates. This perspective contrasts with that of power series, whose variables designate numerical values, and which series therefore only have a definite value if convergence can be established. Formal power series are often used merely to represent the whole collection of their coefficients. In combinatorics, they provide representations of numerical sequences and of multisets, and for instance allow giving concise expressions for recursively defined sequences regardless of whether the recursion can be explicitly solved; this is known as the method of generating functions. Contents 1 Introduction 2 The ring of formal power series 2.1 Definition of the formal power series ring 2.1.1 Ring structure 2.1.2 Topological structure 2.1.3 Alternative topologies 2.2 Universal property 3 Operations on formal power series 3.1 Multiplying series 3.2 Power series raised to powers 3.3 Inverting series 3.4 Dividing series 3.5 Extracting coefficients 3.6 Composition of series 3.6.1 Example 3.7 Composition inverse 3.8 Formal differentiation of series 4 Properties 4.1 Algebraic properties of the formal power series ring 4.2 Topological properties of the formal power series -
Sequence Rules
SEQUENCE RULES A connected series of five of the same colored chip either up or THE JACKS down, across or diagonally on the playing surface. There are 8 Jacks in the card deck. The 4 Jacks with TWO EYES are wild. To play a two-eyed Jack, place it on your discard pile and place NOTE: There are printed chips in the four corners of the game board. one of your marker chips on any open space on the game board. The All players must use them as though their color marker chip is in 4 jacks with ONE EYE are anti-wild. To play a one-eyed Jack, place the corner. When using a corner, only four of your marker chips are it on your discard pile and remove one marker chip from the game needed to complete a Sequence. More than one player may use the board belonging to your opponent. That completes your turn. You same corner as part of a Sequence. cannot place one of your marker chips on that same space during this turn. You cannot remove a marker chip that is already part of a OBJECT OF THE GAME: completed SEQUENCE. Once a SEQUENCE is achieved by a player For 2 players or 2 teams: One player or team must score TWO SE- or a team, it cannot be broken. You may play either one of the Jacks QUENCES before their opponents. whenever they work best for your strategy, during your turn. For 3 players or 3 teams: One player or team must score ONE SE- DEAD CARD QUENCE before their opponents. -
Resilience of River Deltas in the Anthropocene
manuscript submitted to JGR: Earth Surface 1 Resilience of river deltas in the Anthropocene 1 2 3 4 2 A.J.F. Hoitink , J.A. Nittrouer , P. Passalacqua , J.B. Shaw , E.J. 5 6 6 3 Langendoen , Y. Huismans & D.S. van Maren 1 4 Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2 5 Rice University, Houston, Texas USA 3 6 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas USA 4 7 Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas USA 5 8 National Sedimentation Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Oxford, Mississippi USA 6 9 Deltares, Delft, The Netherlands 10 Key Points: 11 • The predictive capacity of morphodynamic models needs to improve to better an- 12 ticipate global change impacts on deltas 13 • Information theory and dynamical system theory offer complementary analysis frame- 14 works to improve understanding of delta resilience 15 • The sediment balance in a delta channel network needs to be closed such that pre- 16 dictions match with independent observations Corresponding author: Ton Hoitink, [email protected] {1{ manuscript submitted to JGR: Earth Surface 17 Abstract 18 At a global scale, delta morphologies are subject to rapid change as a result of direct and 19 indirect effects of human activity. This jeopardizes the ecosystem services of deltas, in- 20 cluding protection against flood hazards, facilitation of navigation and biodiversity. Di- 21 rect manifestations of delta morphological instability include river bank failure, which 22 may lead to avulsion, persistent channel incision or aggregation, and a change of the sed- 23 imentary regime to hyperturbid conditions. Notwithstanding the in-depth knowledge de- 24 veloped over the past decades about those topics, existing understanding is fragmented, 25 and the predictive capacity of morphodynamic models is limited. -
Sequence Stratigraphy Basics, Concepts & Applications
Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Sequence Stratigraphy Basics, Concepts & Applications 07.-09.03.2016 Dr. Hartmut Jäger Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Books Posamen(er , H.W. & Weimer, P . (eds), 1994: Siliciclas/c Sequence Stragraphy: Recent Developments and Applicaons. (AAPG Memoir) Loucks, R.G. & Sarg, J.F., 1994: Carbonate Sequence Stragraphy: Recent Developments and Applicaons. (AAPG Memoir) Emery, D. & Myers, K., 1996: Sequence Stragraphy. Blackwell Science Catuneanu, O., 2006: Principles of Sequence Stragraphy (Developments in Sedimentology). Elsevier Haq, B.U., 2013: Sequence Stragraphy and Deposi/onal Response to Eustac, Tectonic and Climac Forcing. (Coastal Systems and Con/nental Margins). Springer Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Stragraphy “the science of strafied (layered) rocks in terms of /me and space” (Oxford Dic/onary of Earth Sciences, 2003) Sequence "A chronologic succession of sedimentary rocks from older below to younger above, essen/ally without interrup/on, bounded by unconformi/es.” (Glossary of Geology, 1987) Sequence Stragraphy - Basics, Concepts & Applicaons Introduction Sequence stratigraphy is one type of lithostratigraphy • used for subdivision of the sedimentary basin fll by a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces • creates units of contemporaneous accumulated strata bounded by these surfaces (=sequences) • developed for clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins and -
The Stratigraphic Architecture and Evolution of the Burdigalian Carbonate—Siliciclastic Sedimentary Systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey
The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate—siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey P. Bassanta,*, F.S.P. Van Buchema, A. Strasserb,N.Gfru¨rc aInstitut Franc¸ais du Pe´trole, Rueil-Malmaison, France bUniversity of Fribourg, Switzerland cIstanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Received 17 February 2003; received in revised form 18 November 2003; accepted 21 January 2004 Abstract This study describes the coeval development of the depositional environments in three areas across the Mut Basin (Southern Turkey) throughout the Late Burdigalian (early Miocene). Antecedent topography and rapid high-amplitude sea-level change are the main controlling factors on stratigraphic architecture and sediment type. Stratigraphic evidence is observed for two high- amplitude (100–150 m) sea-level cycles in the Late Burdigalian to Langhian. These cycles are interpreted to be eustatic in nature and driven by the long-term 400-Ka orbital eccentricity-cycle-changing ice volumes in the nascent Antarctic icecap. We propose that the Mut Basin is an exemplary case study area for guiding lithostratigraphic predictions in early Miocene shallow- marine carbonate and mixed environments elsewhere in the world. The Late Burdigalian in the Mut Basin was a time of relative tectonic quiescence, during which a complex relict basin topography was flooded by a rapid marine transgression. This area was chosen for study because it presents extraordinary large- scale 3D outcrops and a large diversity of depositional environments throughout the basin. Three study transects were constructed by combining stratal geometries and facies observations into a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. 3346 m of section were logged, 400 thin sections were studied, and 145 biostratigraphic samples were analysed for nannoplankton dates (Bassant, P., 1999. -
Lithostratigraphic Mapping Through Saprolitic Regolith Using Soil Geochemistry and High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Surveys
EGU2020-20242 https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-20242 EGU General Assembly 2020 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Lithostratigraphic Mapping Through Saprolitic Regolith Using Soil Geochemistry and High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Surveys. Helen Twigg and Murray Hitzman iCRAG, School of Earth Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland The Neoproterozoic Central African Copperbelt located in southern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the northwestern Zambia and contains 48% of the world’s cobalt reserves and significant resources of copper, zinc, nickel and gold. A good understanding of the geology is critical for successful mineral exploration. However, geological mapping is hindered by low topographic relief, limited outcrop, and a generally deep (10-100m) weathering profile developed since the Late Miocene. Multielement soil geochemistry provides a means for conducting geological mapping. Areas with outcrop or containing drill holes and/or trenches were utilized to relate known geological lithologies with soil geochemical results using major element and trace element ratios. The lithostratigraphy within a study area along the DRC-Zambia border can be geochemically sub- divided into three units. Mixed carbonate and siliciclastic lithologies of the lower portion of the local stratigraphy are typically characterised by elevated V, Ti, and Nb. Mudstones and siltstones are dominated by elevated Al, Fe and Ba. The upper portion of the local stratigraphy is geochemically neutral with regards to trace elements. Lithological discrimination through analysis of soil geochemical data is limited in some areas by intense weathering. A A-CNK-FM diagram exhibits how complete weathering of carbonate rocks and carbonate-rich breccias (after evaporites) results in the somewhat counter intuitive outcome that residual soils above carbonate rocks are amongst the most aluminum rich in the study area with >80% Al2O3 (mol%) or >80% combined Al2O3 (mol%) and FeO + MgO (mol%). -
Golden Spikes, Transitions, Boundary Objects, and Anthropogenic Seascapes
sustainability Article A Meaningful Anthropocene?: Golden Spikes, Transitions, Boundary Objects, and Anthropogenic Seascapes Todd J. Braje * and Matthew Lauer Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 27 June 2020; Accepted: 7 August 2020; Published: 11 August 2020 Abstract: As the number of academic manuscripts explicitly referencing the Anthropocene increases, a theme that seems to tie them all together is the general lack of continuity on how we should define the Anthropocene. In an attempt to formalize the concept, the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) is working to identify, in the stratigraphic record, a Global Stratigraphic Section and Point (GSSP) or golden spike for a mid-twentieth century Anthropocene starting point. Rather than clarifying our understanding of the Anthropocene, we argue that the AWG’s effort to provide an authoritative definition undermines the original intent of the concept, as a call-to-arms for future sustainable management of local, regional, and global environments, and weakens the concept’s capacity to fundamentally reconfigure the established boundaries between the social and natural sciences. To sustain the creative and productive power of the Anthropocene concept, we argue that it is best understood as a “boundary object,” where it can be adaptable enough to incorporate multiple viewpoints, but robust enough to be meaningful within different disciplines. Here, we provide two examples from our work on the deep history of anthropogenic seascapes, which demonstrate the power of the Anthropocene to stimulate new thinking about the entanglement of humans and non-humans, and for building interdisciplinary solutions to modern environmental issues. -
Stratigraphy, Sedimentary Structures, and Textures of the Late Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Cap Carbonate in South China
Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006, v. 76, 978–995 Research Article DOI: 10.2110/jsr.2006.086 STRATIGRAPHY, SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES, AND TEXTURES OF THE LATE NEOPROTEROZOIC DOUSHANTUO CAP CARBONATE IN SOUTH CHINA 1 2 3 4 4 GANQING JIANG, MARTIN J. KENNEDY, NICHOLAS CHRISTIE-BLICK, HUAICHUN WU, AND SHIHONG ZHANG 1Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4010, U.S.A. , 2Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, U.S.A. , 3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, U.S.A. 4School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The 3- to 5-m-thick Doushantuo cap carbonate in south China overlies the glaciogenic Nantuo Formation (ca. 635 Ma) and consists of laterally persistent, thinly laminated and normally graded dolomite and limestone indicative of relatively deep-water deposition, most likely below storm wave base. The basal portion of this carbonate contains a distinctive suite of closely associated tepee-like structures, stromatactis-like cavities, layer-parallel sheet cracks, and cemented breccias. The cores of tepees are composed of stacked cavities lined by cements and brecciated host dolomicrite. Onlap by laminated sediment indicates synsedimentary disruption of bedding that resulted in a positive seafloor expression. Cavities and sheet cracks contain internal sediments, and they are lined by originally aragonitic isopachous botryoidal cements with acicular radiating needles, now replaced by dolomite and silica. Pyrite and barite are common, and calcite is locally retained as a primary mineral. -
The Paleontology Synthesis Project and Establishing a Framework for Managing National Park Service Paleontological Resource Archives and Data
Lucas, S.G. and Sullivan, R.M., eds., 2018, Fossil Record 6. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 79. 589 THE PALEONTOLOGY SYNTHESIS PROJECT AND ESTABLISHING A FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING NATIONAL PARK SERVICE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCE ARCHIVES AND DATA VINCENT L. SANTUCCI1, JUSTIN S. TWEET2 and TIMOTHY B. CONNORS3 1National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 1849 “C” Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20240, [email protected]; 2National Park Service, 9149 79th Street S., Cottage Grove, MN 55016, [email protected]; 3National Park Service, Geologic Resources Division, 12795 W. Alameda Parkway, Lakewood, CO 80225, [email protected] Abstract—The National Park Service Paleontology Program maintains an extensive collection of digital and hard copy documents, publications, photographs and other archives associated with the paleontological resources documented in 268 parks. The organization and preservation of the NPS paleontology archives has been the focus of intensive data management activities by a small and dedicated team of NPS staff. The data preservation strategy complemented the NPS servicewide inventories for paleontological resources. The first phase of the data management, referred to as the NPS Paleontology Synthesis Project, compiled servicewide paleontological resource data pertaining to geologic time, taxonomy, museum repositories, holotype fossil specimens, and numerous other topics. In 2015, the second phase of data management was implemented with the creation and organization of a multi-faceted digital data system known as the NPS Paleontology Archives and NPS Paleontology Library. Two components of the NPS Paleontology Archives were designed for the preservation of both park specific and servicewide paleontological resource archives and data. A third component, the NPS Paleontology Library, is a repository for electronic copies of geology and paleontology publications, reports, and other media. -
0.999… = 1 an Infinitesimal Explanation Bryan Dawson
0 1 2 0.9999999999999999 0.999… = 1 An Infinitesimal Explanation Bryan Dawson know the proofs, but I still don’t What exactly does that mean? Just as real num- believe it.” Those words were uttered bers have decimal expansions, with one digit for each to me by a very good undergraduate integer power of 10, so do hyperreal numbers. But the mathematics major regarding hyperreals contain “infinite integers,” so there are digits This fact is possibly the most-argued- representing not just (the 237th digit past “Iabout result of arithmetic, one that can evoke great the decimal point) and (the 12,598th digit), passion. But why? but also (the Yth digit past the decimal point), According to Robert Ely [2] (see also Tall and where is a negative infinite hyperreal integer. Vinner [4]), the answer for some students lies in their We have four 0s followed by a 1 in intuition about the infinitely small: While they may the fifth decimal place, and also where understand that the difference between and 1 is represents zeros, followed by a 1 in the Yth less than any positive real number, they still perceive a decimal place. (Since we’ll see later that not all infinite nonzero but infinitely small difference—an infinitesimal hyperreal integers are equal, a more precise, but also difference—between the two. And it’s not just uglier, notation would be students; most professional mathematicians have not or formally studied infinitesimals and their larger setting, the hyperreal numbers, and as a result sometimes Confused? Perhaps a little background information wonder . -
Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1
Historical Development and Problems Within the Pennsylvanian Nomenclature of Ohio.1 GLENN E. LARSEN, OHIO Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey, Fountain Sq., Bldg. B, Columbus, OH 43224 ABSTRACT. An analysis of the historical development of the Pennsylvanian stratigraphic nomenclature, as used in Ohio, has helped define and clarify problems inherent in Ohio's stratigraphic nomenclature. Resolution of such problems facilitates further development of a useful stratigraphy and philosophy for mapping. Investigations of Pennsylvanian-age rocks in Ohio began as early as 1819- From 1858 to 1893, investigations by Newberry, I. C. White, and Orton established the stratigraphic framework upon which the present-day nomenclature is based. During the 1950s, the cyclothem concept was used to classify and correlate Pennsylvanian lithologic units. This classification led to a proliferation of stratigraphic terms, as almost every lithologic type was named and designated as a member of a cyclothem. By the early 1960s, cyclothems were considered invalid as a lithostratigraphic classification. Currently, Pennsylvanian nomenclature of Ohio, as used by the Ohio Division of Geological Survey, consists of four groups containing 123 named beds, with no formal formations or members. In accordance with the 1983 North American Stratigraphic code, the Ohio Division of Geological Survey considers all nomenclature below group rank as informal. OHIO J. SCI. 91 (1): 69-76, 1991 INTRODUCTION DISCUSSION Understanding the historical development of Pennsyl- The Early 1800s vanian stratigraphy in Ohio is important to the Ohio The earliest known references to Pennsylvanian-age Division of Geological Survey (OGS). Such an under- rocks in Ohio are found in Atwater's (1819) report on standing of Pennsylvanian stratigraphy helps define Belmont County, and an article by Granger (1821) on plant stratigraphic nomenclatural problems in order to make fossils collected near Zanesville, Muskingum County.