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Tell Abu Suwwan, a Neolithic Site in Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 2005 and 2006 Field Seasons
Tell Abu Suwwan, A Neolithic Site in Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 2005 and 2006 Field Seasons Maysoon al-Nahar Department of Archaeology Institute of Archaeology University of Jordan Amman 11942, Jordan [email protected] Tell Abu Suwwan is the only Neolithic site excavated north of the Zarqa River in Jordan. Its architectural characteristics and the diagnostic lithic artifacts discovered at the site during the University of Jordan 2005 and 2006 field seasons, directed by the author, suggest that the site was occupied continually from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic Phase B (MPPNB) to the Yarmoukian (Pottery Neolithic) period. The site was divided by the excavator into two areas—A and B. Area A yielded a few walls, plaster floors, and orange clay. Area B yielded a large square or rectangular building with three clear types of plaster floors and an orange clay area. Both Areas A and B include numerous lithics, bones, and some small finds. Based on a recent survey outward from the excavated area, the probable size of Abu Suwwan is 10.5 ha (26 acres), and it contains complex architecture with a long chronological sequence. These attributes suggest that Tell Abu Suwwan is one of the Jordanian Neolithic megasites. introduction though the site contains a distinctive architecture, it shares various similarities with several other Levan- ell Abu Suwwan is a large Neolithic site in tine Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) sites, e.g., Jericho T north Jordan; it is on the east side of the old (Kenyon 1956: 69–77; 1969), Tell Ramad (de Con- Jarash–Amman highway, immediately before tenson 1971: 278–85), Tell Abu Hureyra (Moore, the turn west to Ajlun (fig. -
Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500–1100 BC
Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81, 2015, pp. 361–392 © The Prehistoric Society doi:10.1017/ppr.2015.17 Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500–1100 BC By KRISTIAN KRISTIANSEN1 and PAULINA SUCHOWSKA-DUCKE2 The Bronze Age was the first epoch in which societies became irreversibly linked in their co-dependence on ores and metallurgical skills that were unevenly distributed in geographical space. Access to these critical resources was secured not only via long-distance physical trade routes, making use of landscape features such as river networks, as well as built roads, but also by creating immaterial social networks, consisting of interpersonal relations and diplomatic alliances, established and maintained through the exchange of extraordinary objects (gifts). In this article, we reason about Bronze Age communication networks and apply the results of use-wear analysis to create robust indicators of the rise and fall of political and commercial networks. In conclusion, we discuss some of the historical forces behind the phenomena and processes observable in the archaeological record of the Bronze Age in Europe and beyond. Keywords: Bronze Age communication networks, agents, temperate Europe, Mediterranean Basin THE EUROPEAN BRONZE AGE AS A COMMUNICATION by small variations in ornaments and weapons NETWORK: HISTORICAL & THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK (Kristiansen 2014). Among the characteristics that might compel archaeo- Initially driven by the necessity to gain access to logists to label the Bronze Age a ‘formative epoch’ in remote resources and technological skills, Bronze Age European history, the density and extent of the era’s societies established communication links that ranged exchange and communication networks should per- from the Baltic to the Mediterranean and from haps be regarded as the most significant. -
Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1
Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3. -
The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, C. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons University of Pennsylvania Museum of University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Papers Archaeology and Anthropology 1997 The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, c. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C. Naomi F. Miller University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/penn_museum_papers Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Miller, N. F. (1997). The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, c. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C.. Paléorient, 23 (2), 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1997.4661 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/penn_museum_papers/36 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, c. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C. Abstract Vegetation during the glacial period, post-glacial warming and the Younger Dryas does not seem to have been affected by human activities to any appreciable extent. Forest expansion at the beginning of the Holocene occurred independently of human agency, though early Neolithic farmers were able to take advantage of improved climatic conditions. Absence of macrobotanical remains precludes discussion of possible drought from 6,000 to 5,500 ВС. By farming, herding, and fuel-cutting, human populations began to have an impact on the landscape at different times and places. Deleterious effects of these activities became evident in the Tigris-Euphrates drainage during the third millennium ВС based on macrobotanical evidence from archaeological sites. -
The Vogelbarke of Medinet Habu
THE VOGELBARKE OF MEDINET HABU A Thesis by KRISTIN ROMEY Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS December 2003 Major Subject: Anthropology THE VOGELBARKE OF MEDINET HABU A Thesis by KRISTIN ROMEY Submitted to Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved as to style and content by: ______________________________ ______________________________ Shelley Wachsmann Luis Vieira-De-Castro (Chair of Committee) (Member) ______________________________ ______________________________ Christoph Konrad David Carlson (Member) (Head of Department) December 2003 Major Subject: Anthropology iii ABSTRACT The Vogelbarke of Medinet Habu. (December 2003) Kristin Romey, A.B., Vassar College Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Shelley Wachsmann The Sea Peoples are generally assumed to be a loose confederation of clans that first appeared in the historical record in the 14th century B.C.E. Over a century of scholarship has puzzled over whether they were responsible for the collapse of several Late Bronze Age civilizations or simply one of several catalysts that put that collapse in motion. Many attempts have also been made to determine the origins of the various groups of Sea Peoples using textual and iconographic evidence, as well as the material culture of the Sea Peoples identified in Cyprus and the Levant. This material culture is characterized foremost by locally made Mycenaean-style pottery; as such, a considerable Aegean or Mycenaean presence has been argued in the multi-ethnic Sea Peoples coalition. The most important visual record that survives of the Sea People documents a land and sea battle against the forces of Ramesses III in the early 12th century B.C.E. -
CONNECTING WORLDS BRONZE-AND IRON AGE DEPOSITIONS in EUROPE Dahlem TH ST Dorf BERLIN 19 -21 APRIL
CONNECTING WORLDS BRONZE-AND IRON AGE DEPOSITIONS IN EUROPE Dahlem TH ST Dorf BERLIN 19 -21 APRIL Ethnologisches Museum Dahlem Ethnologisches Museum Dahlem Lansstraße 8, 14195 Berlin U 3 direction: U Krumme Lanke to U Dahlem Dorf Ethnologisches Museum (Dahlem) Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Eurasien-Abteilung des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Im Dol 2-6, D-14195 Berlin, www.dainst.org, Phone +49 30 187711-311 EURASIEN-ABTEILUNG CONNECTING WORLDS BRONZE-AND IRON AGE DEPOSITIONS IN EUROPE BERLIN 19TH-21ST APRIL Eurasien-Abteilung Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Berlin 2018 WELCOMING ADDRESS Preface On the occasion of the European Cultural Heritage Year (ECHY) 2018, which aims to make the shared European roots visible, the Eurasian Department of the German Ar- chaeological Institute organizes the conference Connecting worlds - Bronze and Iron Age depositions in Europe. Bronze Age and Early Iron Hoards and single depositions in rivers, lakes and bogs but also mountains and along old paths have been discussed over years. Whereas they were still in the 1970s considered as hidden treasures, in the last 30 years a lot of studies showed the regularities of hoard contents, the non-functional treatment of the objects and many other details which speak for ritual deposition. Meanwhile, most specialists would agree that if not all but the great majority of metal hoards was deposited by religious reasons in the broadest sense. This paradigm change makes Bronze Age hoards a cultural phenomenon which links most regions in Europe from the Atlantic to the Urals and to the Caucasus from Scan- dinavia to Greece between 2200 and 500 BC and in many regions also thereafter. -
An Archaeological Analysis of Gender Roles in Ancient Nonliterate Cultures of Eurasia
Flinders University of South Australia Department of Archaeology An Archaeological Analysis of Gender Roles in Ancient Nonliterate Cultures of Eurasia Mike Adamson B.A.(Hons) Thesis Archive Submission March 14th 2005 Mike Adamson B.A.(Hons) 2005 The opened burial of a Sarmatian warrior-priestess at Pokrovka, just to the north of the Caspian Sea. The unambiguous evidence of the burial of women with cultic, warrior and high-status goods amongst the steppe cultures, exposed during the 1990s, has provided the material basis for challenging long-held assumptions concerning the universality of the gender norms with which our culture is familiar. Photograph courtesy Jeannine Davis-Kimball, CSEN, Berkeley, California. I Limited Copyright Waiver The Director of Administration and Registrar Flinders University GPO Box 210 ADELAIDE SA 5001 MASTERS THESIS I hereby waive the following restrictions: (a) for three years after the deposit of the thesis, readers other than academic staff and students of the University must obtain the consent of the Author or the Head of the Discipline or the Librarian before consulting a thesis; (b) for three years after the deposit of the thesis, no copy may be made of the thesis or part of it without prior consent of the author. NAME: .......................................................................... SIGNATURE: .......................................................................... Date: .......................................................................... II Declaration The Director of Administration and Registrar Flinders University GPO Box 210 ADELAIDE SA 5001 MASTERS THESIS I certify that this thesis does not incoporate without acknowledgment any material previously submitted for a degree or diploma in any university; and that to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text. -
The Neolithic of the Balikh Valley, Northern Syria : a First Assessment
PAt.ÉORIENT, vol. 15/1 19X9 THE NEOLITHIC OF THE BALIKH VALLEY, NORTHERN SYRIA : A FIRST ASSESSMENT P.M.M.G. AKKERMANS ABSTRACT. - This article discusses in short the evidence for Neolithic occupation in the Balikh valley of northern Syria. Recent excavations and surveys in the region have yielded a wealth of new data, allowing a more detailed insight into cultural developments m this little known part of Syria. RESUME - Cet article présente un aperçu des recherches rra-ntrs sur le Néolithique dans la vallée du Balikh (Syrie du Nord) Fouilles et prospections ont livré de nouvelles données qui permettent d'améliorer notre vision île Involution lullurellc de cette région encore mal connue de la Syrie. INTRODUCTION been uncovered (7), but it is expected that future work at the site will yield a continuous sequence of occupation from the 7th into the 6th millennium B.C. In Syrian archaeology, the Balikh valley has A survey undertaken in 1983 gave evidence of a gone unexplored for a long time. In 1938, Mallowan large number of prehistoric sites and suggested a visited the valley and, within a six-week campaign, continuous occupation of the Balikh valley at least laid out trenches at five sites (1). At two of these from the late 8th or early 7th millennium on- mounds, viz. tells Aswad and Ibn es-Shehab, Neoli- wards (8). thic remains were found although at the latter site unfortunately in a disturbed context. Over 30 years This paper intends to give a tentative outline of later, in 1970, Mallowan's Tell Aswad was reexca- Neolithic developments in the Balikh valley vated by J. -
Europaio: a Brief Grammar of the European Language Reconstruct Than the Individual Groupings
1. Introduction 1.1. The Indo-European 1. The Indo-European languages are a family of several hundred languages and dialects, including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in South Asia. Contemporary languages in this family include English, German, French, Spanish, Countries with IE languages majority in orange. In Portuguese, Hindustani (i.e., mainly yellow, countries in which have official status. [© gfdl] Hindi and Urdu) and Russian. It is the largest family of languages in the world today, being spoken by approximately half the world's population as their mother tongue, while most of the other half speak at least one of them. 2. The classification of modern IE dialects into languages and dialects is controversial, as it depends on many factors, such as the pure linguistic ones (most of the times being the least important of them), the social, economic, political and historical ones. However, there are certain common ancestors, some of them old, well-attested languages (or language systems), as Classic Latin for Romance languages (such as French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Rumanian or Catalan), Classic Sanskrit for the Indo-Aryan languages or Classic Greek for present-day Greek. Furthermore, there are other, still older -some of them well known- dialects from which these old language systems were derived and later systematized, which are, following the above examples, Archaic Latin, Archaic Sanskrit and Archaic Greek, also attested in older compositions and inscriptions. And there are, finally, old related dialects which help develop a Proto-Language, as the Faliscan (and Osco-Umbrian for many scholars) for Latino-Faliscan (Italic for many), the Avestan for Indo-Iranian or the Mycenaean for Proto-Greek. -
Architecture, Style and Structure in the Early Iron Age in Central Europe
TOMASZ GRALAK ARCHITECTURE, STYLE AND STRUCTURE IN THE EARLY IRON AGE IN CENTRAL EUROPE Wrocław 2017 Reviewers: prof. dr hab. Danuta Minta-Tworzowska prof. dr hab. Andrzej P. Kowalski Technical preparation and computer layout: Natalia Sawicka Cover design: Tomasz Gralak, Nicole Lenkow Translated by Tomasz Borkowski Proofreading Agnes Kerrigan ISBN 978-83-61416-61-6 DOI 10.23734/22.17.001 Uniwersytet Wrocławski Instytut Archeologii © Copyright by Uniwersytet Wrocławski and author Wrocław 2017 Print run: 150 copies Printing and binding: "I-BIS" Usługi Komputerowe, Wydawnictwo S.C. Andrzej Bieroński, Przemysław Bieroński 50-984 Wrocław, ul. Sztabowa 32 Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER I. THE HALLSTATT PERIOD 1. Construction and metrology in the Hallstatt period in Silesia .......................... 13 2. The koine of geometric ornaments ......................................................................... 49 3. Apollo’s journey to the land of the Hyperboreans ............................................... 61 4. The culture of the Hallstatt period or the great loom and scales ....................... 66 CHAPTER II. THE LA TÈNE PERIOD 1. Paradigms of the La Tène style ................................................................................ 71 2. Antigone and the Tyrannicides – the essence of ideological change ................. 101 3. The widespread nature of La Tène style ................................................................ -
Reconstructing Genetic Histories and Social Organisation in Neolithic And
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Reconstructing genetic histories and social organisation in Neolithic and Bronze Age Croatia Suzanne Freilich1,2*, Harald Ringbauer2,3,4,5, Dženi Los6, Mario Novak7, Dinko Tresić Pavičić6, Stephan Schifels2* & Ron Pinhasi1* Ancient DNA studies have revealed how human migrations from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age transformed the social and genetic structure of European societies. Present-day Croatia lies at the heart of ancient migration routes through Europe, yet our knowledge about social and genetic processes here remains sparse. To shed light on these questions, we report new whole-genome data for 28 individuals dated to between ~ 4700 BCE–400 CE from two sites in present-day eastern Croatia. In the Middle Neolithic we evidence frst cousin mating practices and strong genetic continuity from the Early Neolithic. In the Middle Bronze Age community that we studied, we fnd multiple closely related males suggesting a patrilocal social organisation. We also fnd in that community an unexpected genetic ancestry profle distinct from individuals found at contemporaneous sites in the region, due to the addition of hunter-gatherer-related ancestry. These fndings support archaeological evidence for contacts with communities further north in the Carpathian Basin. Finally, an individual dated to Roman times exhibits an ancestry profle that is broadly present in the region today, adding an important data point to the substantial shift in ancestry that occurred in the region between the Bronze Age and today. Croatia in southeast Europe is home to a diverse landscape of contiguous ecoregions, with steep mountains separating the eastern Adriatic coast from the temperate Pannonian Plain in the north. -
Multiple Maternal Origins and Weak Phylogeographic Structure in Domestic Goats
Multiple maternal origins and weak phylogeographic structure in domestic goats Gordon Luikart*†, Ludovic Gielly*, Laurent Excoffier‡§, Jean-Denis Vigne¶, Jean Bouvet*, and Pierre Taberlet* *Laboratoire de Biologie des Populations d’Altitude, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unite´Mixte de Recherche 5553, Universite´Joseph Fourier, B.P. 53, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; ‡Genetics and Biometry Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Geneva, CP511 1211 Geneva 24, Switzerland; and ¶Arche´ozoologie et Histoire des Socie´te´ s, Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS ESA 8045, 55 Rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France Edited by Henry C. Harpending, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, and approved March 8, 2001 (received for review December 13, 2000) Domestic animals have played a key role in human history. Despite addressed in light of recent publications in both archeozoology their importance, however, the origins of most domestic species and molecular genetics of the four main livestock species [cattle remain poorly understood. We assessed the phylogenetic history (9, 10), sheep (11), pigs (12), and goats]. and population structure of domestic goats by sequencing a hypervariable segment (481 bp) of the mtDNA control region from Methods 406 goats representing 88 breeds distributed across the Old World. Sampling and DNA Extraction. Our extensive sampling spanned most Phylogeographic analysis revealed three highly divergent goat of the Old World distribution of goats from Nigeria to Iceland and lineages (estimated divergence >200,000 years ago), with one Mongolia to Malaysia, including potential centers of domestication lineage occurring only in eastern and southern Asia. A remarkably [e.g., Turkey, Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, and Pakistan (see Table 3, which similar pattern exists in cattle, sheep, and pigs.