Multiple Maternal Origins and Weak Phylogeographic Structure in Domestic Goats
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Tell Abu Suwwan, a Neolithic Site in Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 2005 and 2006 Field Seasons
Tell Abu Suwwan, A Neolithic Site in Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 2005 and 2006 Field Seasons Maysoon al-Nahar Department of Archaeology Institute of Archaeology University of Jordan Amman 11942, Jordan [email protected] Tell Abu Suwwan is the only Neolithic site excavated north of the Zarqa River in Jordan. Its architectural characteristics and the diagnostic lithic artifacts discovered at the site during the University of Jordan 2005 and 2006 field seasons, directed by the author, suggest that the site was occupied continually from the Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic Phase B (MPPNB) to the Yarmoukian (Pottery Neolithic) period. The site was divided by the excavator into two areas—A and B. Area A yielded a few walls, plaster floors, and orange clay. Area B yielded a large square or rectangular building with three clear types of plaster floors and an orange clay area. Both Areas A and B include numerous lithics, bones, and some small finds. Based on a recent survey outward from the excavated area, the probable size of Abu Suwwan is 10.5 ha (26 acres), and it contains complex architecture with a long chronological sequence. These attributes suggest that Tell Abu Suwwan is one of the Jordanian Neolithic megasites. introduction though the site contains a distinctive architecture, it shares various similarities with several other Levan- ell Abu Suwwan is a large Neolithic site in tine Pre-Pottery Neolithic (PPN) sites, e.g., Jericho T north Jordan; it is on the east side of the old (Kenyon 1956: 69–77; 1969), Tell Ramad (de Con- Jarash–Amman highway, immediately before tenson 1971: 278–85), Tell Abu Hureyra (Moore, the turn west to Ajlun (fig. -
Ch. 4. NEOLITHIC PERIOD in JORDAN 25 4.1
Borsa di studio finanziata da: Ministero degli Affari Esteri di Italia Thanks all …………. I will be glad to give my theses with all my love to my father and mother, all my brothers for their helps since I came to Italy until I got this degree. I am glad because I am one of Dr. Ursula Thun Hohenstein students. I would like to thanks her to her help and support during my research. I would like to thanks Dr.. Maysoon AlNahar and the Museum of the University of Jordan stuff for their help during my work in Jordan. I would like to thank all of Prof. Perreto Carlo and Prof. Benedetto Sala, Dr. Arzarello Marta and all my professors in the University of Ferrara for their support and help during my Phd Research. During my study in Italy I met a lot of friends and specially my colleges in the University of Ferrara. I would like to thanks all for their help and support during these years. Finally I would like to thanks the Minister of Fournier of Italy, Embassy of Italy in Jordan and the University of Ferrara institute for higher studies (IUSS) to fund my PhD research. CONTENTS Ch. 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Ch. 2. AIMS OF THE RESEARCH 3 Ch. 3. NEOLITHIC PERIOD IN NEAR EAST 5 3.1. Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) in Near east 5 3.2. Pre-pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) in Near east 10 3.2.A. Early PPNB 10 3.2.B. Middle PPNB 13 3.2.C. Late PPNB 15 3.3. -
The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, C. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons University of Pennsylvania Museum of University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Papers Archaeology and Anthropology 1997 The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, c. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C. Naomi F. Miller University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/penn_museum_papers Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Miller, N. F. (1997). The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, c. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C.. Paléorient, 23 (2), 197-207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1997.4661 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/penn_museum_papers/36 For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Macrobotanical Evidence for Vegetation in the Near East, c. 18 000/16 000 B.C to 4 000 B.C. Abstract Vegetation during the glacial period, post-glacial warming and the Younger Dryas does not seem to have been affected by human activities to any appreciable extent. Forest expansion at the beginning of the Holocene occurred independently of human agency, though early Neolithic farmers were able to take advantage of improved climatic conditions. Absence of macrobotanical remains precludes discussion of possible drought from 6,000 to 5,500 ВС. By farming, herding, and fuel-cutting, human populations began to have an impact on the landscape at different times and places. Deleterious effects of these activities became evident in the Tigris-Euphrates drainage during the third millennium ВС based on macrobotanical evidence from archaeological sites. -
Preliminary Studies on the Etiology of Keratoconjunctivitis in Reindeer (Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus) Calves in Alaska
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 44(4), 2008, pp. 1051–1055 # Wildlife Disease Association 2008 Preliminary Studies on the Etiology of Keratoconjunctivitis in Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) Calves in Alaska Alina L. Evans,1,5 Russell F. Bey,1 James V. Schoster,2 James E. Gaarder,3 and Gregory L. Finstad4 1 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA; 2 Animal Eye Consultants of Minnesota, Roseville, Minnesota 55113, USA; 3 Veterinary Eye Specialists, 1921 W Diamond Blvd., Suite 108, Anchorage, Alaska, 99515, USA; 4 Reindeer Research Program, University of Alaska, PO Box 757200, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775; 5 Corresponding author (email: [email protected]) ABSTRACT: Keratoconjunctivitis outbreaks oc- and possibly contagious eye disease that cur each summer in reindeer (Rangifer tar- can leave animals blind or with impaired andus tarandus) herds in western Alaska, USA. vision. Keratoconjunctivitis is seen annu- This condition has not been well characterized nor has a definitive primary etiologic agent ally during the summer reindeer handlings been identified. We evaluated the eyes of 660 on the Seward Peninsula (Reindeer Re- calves near Nome, Alaska, between 29 June and search Program, University of Alaska 14 July 2005. Clinical signs of keratoconjuncti- Fairbanks, unpubl. data). vitis were observed in 26/660 calves (3.9%). Infectious keratoconjunctivitis has been Samples were collected from the conjunctival studied in numerous other species. In sac of both affected (n522) and unaffected (n524) animals for bacterial culture, enzyme- cattle, the primary pathogen has been linked immunosorbent assay testing for Chla- identified to be the piliated form of mydophila psittaci, and for polymerase chain Moraxella bovis (Ruehl et al., 1988). -
The European Fallow Deer (Dama Dama Dama)
Heredity (2017) 119, 16–26 OPEN Official journal of the Genetics Society www.nature.com/hdy ORIGINAL ARTICLE Strong population structure in a species manipulated by humans since the Neolithic: the European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) KH Baker1, HWI Gray1, V Ramovs1, D Mertzanidou2,ÇAkın Pekşen3,4, CC Bilgin3, N Sykes5 and AR Hoelzel1 Species that have been translocated and otherwise manipulated by humans may show patterns of population structure that reflect those interactions. At the same time, natural processes shape populations, including behavioural characteristics like dispersal potential and breeding system. In Europe, a key factor is the geography and history of climate change through the Pleistocene. During glacial maxima throughout that period, species in Europe with temperate distributions were forced south, becoming distributed among the isolated peninsulas represented by Anatolia, Italy and Iberia. Understanding modern patterns of diversity depends on understanding these historical population dynamics. Traditionally, European fallow deer (Dama dama dama) are thought to have been restricted to refugia in Anatolia and possibly Sicily and the Balkans. However, the distribution of this species was also greatly influenced by human-mediated translocations. We focus on fallow deer to better understand the relative influence of these natural and anthropogenic processes. We compared modern fallow deer putative populations across a broad geographic range using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA loci. The results revealed highly insular populations, depauperate of genetic variation and significantly differentiated from each other. This is consistent with the expectations of drift acting on populations founded by small numbers of individuals, and reflects known founder populations in the north. -
Acoustic Divergence in the Rut Vocalizations of Persian and European Fallow Deer J
bs_bs_bannerJournal of Zoology Journal of Zoology. Print ISSN 0952-8369 Acoustic divergence in the rut vocalizations of Persian and European fallow deer J. B. Stachowicz1, E. Vannoni2, B. J. Pitcher3, E. F. Briefer3,5, E. Geffen4 & A. G. McElligott3 1 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 2 Institute of Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland 3 Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK 4 Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 5 Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland Keywords Abstract Dama dama; Dama mesopotamica; fundamental frequency; formant frequency; We conducted a study of the male rut vocalizations (groans) of two closely related phylogeny; sexual selection; source–filter species, Persian and European fallow deer. Persian fallow deer are endangered, theory; vocal communication. restricted to Iran and Israel, and their rut vocalizations have never been studied. By contrast, European fallow deer are one of the most common deer species in the Correspondence world, and have been the subject of numerous detailed studies. Persian bucks are Alan G. McElligott, Biological and approximately 16% larger than European bucks, and this can have important Experimental Psychology, School of implications for vocalizations. Persian bucks were recorded in Israel, and Euro- Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen pean bucks were recorded in the UK and Ireland. We measured temporal, funda- Mary University of London, Mile End Road, mental frequency-related and formant-related parameters of groans and London E1 4NS, UK determined which acoustic parameters differed among species and populations. -
The Neolithic of the Balikh Valley, Northern Syria : a First Assessment
PAt.ÉORIENT, vol. 15/1 19X9 THE NEOLITHIC OF THE BALIKH VALLEY, NORTHERN SYRIA : A FIRST ASSESSMENT P.M.M.G. AKKERMANS ABSTRACT. - This article discusses in short the evidence for Neolithic occupation in the Balikh valley of northern Syria. Recent excavations and surveys in the region have yielded a wealth of new data, allowing a more detailed insight into cultural developments m this little known part of Syria. RESUME - Cet article présente un aperçu des recherches rra-ntrs sur le Néolithique dans la vallée du Balikh (Syrie du Nord) Fouilles et prospections ont livré de nouvelles données qui permettent d'améliorer notre vision île Involution lullurellc de cette région encore mal connue de la Syrie. INTRODUCTION been uncovered (7), but it is expected that future work at the site will yield a continuous sequence of occupation from the 7th into the 6th millennium B.C. In Syrian archaeology, the Balikh valley has A survey undertaken in 1983 gave evidence of a gone unexplored for a long time. In 1938, Mallowan large number of prehistoric sites and suggested a visited the valley and, within a six-week campaign, continuous occupation of the Balikh valley at least laid out trenches at five sites (1). At two of these from the late 8th or early 7th millennium on- mounds, viz. tells Aswad and Ibn es-Shehab, Neoli- wards (8). thic remains were found although at the latter site unfortunately in a disturbed context. Over 30 years This paper intends to give a tentative outline of later, in 1970, Mallowan's Tell Aswad was reexca- Neolithic developments in the Balikh valley vated by J. -
Amplification of Potential Thermogenetic Mechanisms In
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Amplifcation of potential thermogenetic mechanisms in cetacean brains compared to artiodactyl brains Paul R. Manger1*, Nina Patzke1,10, Muhammad A. Spocter1,2, Adhil Bhagwandin1,11, Karl Æ. Karlsson3, Mads F. Bertelsen4, Abdulaziz N. Alagaili5, Nigel C. Bennett5,6, Osama B. Mohammed5, Suzana Herculano‑Houzel7, Patrick R. Hof8 & Kjell Fuxe9 To elucidate factors underlying the evolution of large brains in cetaceans, we examined 16 brains from 14 cetartiodactyl species, with immunohistochemical techniques, for evidence of non‑shivering thermogenesis. We show that, in comparison to the 11 artiodactyl brains studied (from 11 species), the 5 cetacean brains (from 3 species), exhibit an expanded expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1, UCPs being mitochondrial inner membrane proteins that dissipate the proton gradient to generate heat) in cortical neurons, immunolocalization of UCP4 within a substantial proportion of glia throughout the brain, and an increased density of noradrenergic axonal boutons (noradrenaline functioning to control concentrations of and activate UCPs). Thus, cetacean brains studied possess multiple characteristics indicative of intensifed thermogenetic functionality that can be related to their current and historical obligatory aquatic niche. These fndings necessitate reassessment of our concepts regarding the reasons for large brain evolution and associated functional capacities in cetaceans. Cetaceans (whales, dolphins and porpoises) in general have large relative and absolute brain -
Understanding the Behavioural Trade-Offs Made by Blue Wildebeest (Connochaetes Taurinus): the Importance of Resources, Predation and the Landscape
Understanding the behavioural trade-offs made by blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus): the importance of resources, predation and the landscape Rebecca Dannock Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Zoology A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Biological Sciences Abstract Prey individuals must constantly make decisions regarding safety and resource acquisition to ensure that they acquire enough resources without being predated upon. These decisions result in a trade-off between resource acquisition behaviours (such as foraging and drinking) and safety behaviours (such as grouping and vigilance). This trade- off is likely to be affected by the social and environmental factors that an individual experiences, including the individual’s location in the landscape. The overall objective of my PhD was to understand the decisions a migratory ungulate makes in order to acquire enough resources, while not becoming prey, and to understand how these decisions are influenced by social and environmental factors. In order to do this, I studied the behaviour of blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus) in Etosha National Park, Namibia, between 2013 and 2015. I studied wildebeests’ behaviour while they acquired food and water and moved within the landscape. Along with observational studies, I also used lion (Panthera leo) roar playbacks to experimentally manipulate perceived predator presence to test wildebeests’ responses to immediate predation risk. For Chapter 2 I studied the foraging-vigilance trade-off of wildebeest to determine how social and environmental factors, including the location within the landscape, were correlated with wildebeests’ time spent foraging and vigilant as well as their bite rate. -
Bison Rewilding Plan 2014–2024 Rewilding Europe’S Contribution to the Comeback of the European Bison
Bison Rewilding Plan 2014–2024 Rewilding Europe’s contribution to the comeback of the European bison Advised by the Zoological Society of London Rewilding Europe This report was made possible by generous grants Bison Rewilding Plan, 2014–2024 by the Swedish Postcode Lottery (Sweden) and the Liberty Wildlife Fund (The Netherlands). Author Joep van de Vlasakker, Rewilding Europe Advised by Dr Jennifer Crees, Zoological Society of London Dr Monika Böhm, Zoological Society of London Peer-reviewed by Prof Jens-Christian Svenning, Aarhus University, Denmark Dr Rafal Kowalczyk, Director Mammal Research Institute / Polish Academy of Sciences / Bialowieza A report by Rewilding Europe Toernooiveld 1 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands www.rewildingeurope.com About Rewilding Europe Founded in 2011, Rewilding Europe (RE) wants to make Europe a wilder place, with much more space for wildlife, wilderness and natural processes, by bringing back a variety of wildlife for all to enjoy and exploring new ways for people to earn a fair living from the wild. RE aims to rewild one million hectares of land by 2022, creating 10 magnificent wildlife and wilderness areas, which together reflect a wide selection of European regions and ecosystems, flora and fauna. Further information: www.rewildingeurope.com About ZSL Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientific, conservation and educational charity whose vision is a world where animals are valued, and their conservation assured. Our mission, to promote and achieve the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats, is realised through our groundbreaking science, our active conservation projects in more than 50 countries and our two Zoos, ZSL London Zoo and ZSL Whipsnade Zoo. -
Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe Sedentism, Architecture, and Practice One World Archaeology
One World Archaeology Daniela Hofmann Jessica Smyth Editors Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe Sedentism, Architecture, and Practice One World Archaeology Series Editors: Heather Burke, Flinders University of South Australia, Australia Gustavo Politis, Universidad Nacionaldel Centro, Buenos Aires, Argentina Gabriel Cooney, University College, Dublin, Ireland For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8606 Daniela Hofmann · Jessica Smyth Editors Tracking the Neolithic House in Europe Sedentism, Architecture and Practice 1 3 Editors Daniela Hofmann Jessica Smyth School of History, Archaeology and Religion School of Chemistry Cardiff University University of Bristol Cardiff Bristol United Kingdom United Kingdom ISBN 978-1-4614-5288-1 ISBN 978-1-4614-5289-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-5289-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2012954540 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recita- tion, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or infor- mation storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar meth- odology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplica- tion of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. -
The Impact of Accelerator Dating at the Early Village of Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates
[RADIOCARBON, VOL. 34, No. 3, 1992, P. 850-858] THE IMPACT OF ACCELERATOR DATING AT THE EARLY VILLAGE OF ABU HUREYRA ON THE EUPHRATES A. M. T. MOORS Yale University, Graduate School, 1504A Yale Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-7425 USA ABSTRACT. The early village of Abu Hureyra is significant because of its great size (ca. 11.5 ha) and long sequence of occupation (ca. 11,500-7000 BP) that spans the transition from late Pleistocene hunting and gathering to early Holocene farming, and the cultural change from Epipaleolithic to Neolithic. The 40 accelerator dates obtained for Abu Hureyra provide new information on the development of agriculture in Southwest Asia. The dates have demonstrated that the site was inhabited for much longer than the few conventional radiocarbon dates for the site had suggested. The gap between the Epipaleolithic and Neolithic villages seems to have been brief. A change in climate and vegetation, dated at ca. 10,600 BP, during the span of occupation of the Epipaleolithic village, precipitated an adjustment in the foraging way of life of its inhabitants just before the inception of agriculture. Dating of individual bones and seeds has shown that the wild progenitors of sheep and several cereals were present near Abu Hureyra in the late Pleistocene and early Holocene, well outside their present areas of distribution. This has implications for where those species may have been domesticated. A rapid switch from exploitation of the gazelle to herding of sheep and goats during the Neolithic occupation occurred ca. 8300 BP. THE SITE AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE Abu Hureyra was a very large prehistoric settlement mound (11.5 ha) in the Euphrates Valley of northern Syria.