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Museum Quarter As an Urban Formative Core the Urban Planning Aspects of Its Development and 1 Berlin

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Museum Quarter As an Urban Formative Core the Urban Planning Aspects of Its Development and 1 Berlin VÝSKUM NAVRHOVANIA MUSEUM QUARTER AS AN URBAN FORMative CORE MUSEUM QUARTER AS AN URBAN FORMative CORE THE URBAN PLANNING ASPECTS OF ITS DEVelopMENT AND 1 Berlin. Museum Island. Map with the Palace of the Republic, 2006. Electronic resource: http://mapsof. net/berlin/karte-berlin-museumsinsel. Request from POSITION IN THE CITY GRID culture, some kind of “museum models” of around the whole world and, especially, in the 01.02.2016 perception and interpretation of the world. USA and Western Europe. Presenting a huge The very postmodernism culture becomes scale of cultural area and combining usually (A CASE STUDY OF BERLIN, 4 a museum.” the most popular and valuable city museums, This new type of cultural thinking results MQ affects different branches of social, cul- VIENNA AND BUDAPEST in creation of some kind of virtual–spatial tural and urban development. The overview museum or an artistic medium, which usual- of pre-requirements of MQ shows that such ly doesn’t fit in a box of traditional museum a process is not an accident. The necessity of spatial MODELS) buildings and requires new principles of or- creation of Museum Quarter is a logical result ganization and functionality of museum ins- of several parallel tendencies: Ekaterina Kochergina titution. Exactly such principles lead to appe- – An outcome of long-term museum arance of Museum Quarters as new types of development, “In a contemporary This statement was announced in 1984 as a long time considered as elitist and conserva- socio-cultural environment. Here should be – The result of the development of modern world which attempts to a part of the “Quebec Declaration – Basic tive, museums nowadays became accessible also mentioned, not considered previously, society, integrate all means of Principles of New Museology” and nowadays for a wide range of society, presenting devel- the playful, eventful character of contempora- – The result of the development of art and development, Museology it has incredibly versatile influence conside- opment of innovations in architecture, creat- ry museum activity, with frequently changed culture, should strive to broaden ring the worldwide spread of the concept of ing vivid expositions and memorable exhibi- expositions, offers a high level of openness – Finally, MQ is, definitely, a modern respon- its traditional attribu- Museum Quarters. The urban planning fea- tions, developing system of communication, and necessity of interaction– all factors which se to the current requirements for the urban tions and functions of tures of such quarters and their possible so- consistently implementing social mission. demand absolutely new spatial concept. structure and infrastructure, local socio-cul- identification, preserva- cio-cultural and economic impact will be dis- The museum world is evolving, steadily be- Consequently, analysis of the status and tural climate and needs of tourist and eco- tion and education to cussed in this article based on the overview coming more open to society and focused on prospects of modern museums suggests the nomic city development encompass wider practi- of the current situation, historical prerequisi- the visitor”.2 And further: “The definition of allocation of certain urban development ces than these objectives tes and the requirements of vibrant cultural postmodernism of the 20th century as a “mu- trend. This trend is expressed in the union Such complexes have the potential of be- so as to better include in landscape. seumificative” type of culture based not only of several museums into one spatial structu- coming independent multi-level systems. Ho- its action those related As an additional proof, those principles of on the unprecedented expansion of the area re and in the appearance of specific cultural wever, located in the already existing urban to the human and physi- new museology today receive a strong support of real museumification3, expressed in fast clusters as big urban complexes of intensive fabric, these systems work like a kind of “city cal environment.” 1 by the specific tendency of the “museumifica- increase of the number of new museums, in artistic environment. within a city”, which requires the fundamen- tion” of urban environment, which took place museumification of big cultural landscapes, in tal decision for development – soft interpe- particularly in the last third of the 20th centu- restoration of old cities, in systematic collec- MUSEUM QUARTER FENOMENA netration or conscious confrontation. In this ry. Thus, the process of “museumification” re- tion and representation of all and any compo- Since the last decade of the 20th century the case, the principles of spatial organization, quires significant expansion of the museum, nents of culture etc. Much more such a defini- creation of Museum Quarter(MQ) became an the planning structure, semiotic and herme- as an institution, and quantified changes of tion is based on the phenomena and approval official issue and one of the most popular ten- neutic interpretation of space become the first the character of its social activity. “Being for of “museumificative psyho-gestur” of the dencies in the cultural policy of modern cities issue. 40 ALFA 1 / 2016 ALFA 1 / 2016 41 VÝSKUM NAVRHOVANIA MUSEUM QUARTER AS AN URBAN FORMative CORE 2 Berlin. Museum Island. Visualization of the site 3 Berlin. Museum Island. View from the Palace of the with Humboldt-Forum (place of former Palace of the Republic to the Unter den Linden as the main urban Republic and Schlossplatz). Electronic resource: https:// axis. Electronic resource: https://commons.wikimedia. www.museumsinsel-berlin.de/en/masterplan/projection- org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R0821-400,_ into-the-future/. Request from 01.02.2016 Berlin,_Palast_der_Republik_cropped.jpg. Request from 01.02.2016 URBAN PLANNING ASPECTS transport arteries, important urban axis or BERLIN is aimed to complete the whole historical squares in the city centre one might find po- Combining different levels of development cores. Very often it is due to the presence on The creation of the Museum Island started in site. (→ 2) litical demonstrations, marches and popular and physical placing on the big territories, the particular site of one or few historical the 19th century with the construction of the Geographically the Museum Island located celebrations held on festival day. Squares and MQ becomes the challenge not only of cul- museums, which were consciously placed on first museum institution on the site - The Al- on the central part of Berlin - district Mitte, plazas shall serve as the structural basis for tural policy, but also of spatial planning and important urban planning spots in the begin- tes Museum (Old Museum), 1830. Located in gaps of Monbijoubrucke in the North, Sch- the planning of the city and for its overall ar- complex urban strategy. It has an incredibly ning of the city grid formation. In such case, in the Spree Island (originally an residential lossplatz on the south and both banks of the chitectural composition.”6 Literally following high socio-cultural influence and strong tou- advantageous position of the MQ from the area), this museum became the first strong river Spree embankment. this idea, Walter Ulbricht (German Commu- rist attractiveness, providing sustainability point of urban planning is historically cau- and encouraging reason for transformation The main urban axis – Unter den Linden - is nist Leader) in summer 1950s proclaimed: in the cultural sector and boosting economic sed and accepted as natural. At the same time, of the North-West part of the island into the crossing the MQ directly between Lustgarten “The center of our capital, the Lustgarten and rise both for the territory of the MQ and the Museum Quarters, created during last few official cultural area in 1841, gratefully to the and Humboldt-Forum on the Schlossplatz and the area around the Palace ruins, must beco- surrounding districts. The high quality level decades from “zero” tend to the same urban King of Prussia Frederick William IV. (→ 1) goes through the whole city, Brandenburger me a grand demonstration square where the of events and exhibitions, contemporary ar- behavior. The most typical urban trend in pla- Institutionally the quarter was finally for- Tor and Tiergarten to the west and through people’s will to fight and to develop can find chitecture and individually landscaped public cement MQ in the city planning structure will med and has got its official status after 1918 Alexanderplatz and Bahnhof to the noth-east, expression.”7 The implementation of socia- spaces provide the citizens the best place for be discussed further in examples of three Eu- and currently it is a part of the big organiza- transforming into the main suburban highwa- listic attitude for urban planning resulted in rest and free time activities. For tourists such ropean capitals: Berlin Museum Island, Vien- tion - Berlin State Museums, under the Prus- ys. (→ 3) Along this formative axis are situated immediate dismantling of the historical City areas are incredibly favorable as the most in- na Museums-Quartier, and Budapest Muse- sian Cultural Heritage Foundation. Today, several urban cores such as: Theodor-Heuss- Palace complex, which free field together with tensive, complex and compact cultural desti- um Quarter in the City Park - “Liget Budapest Berliner Museum Quarter consists of one of Platz in the Westend, Ernst-Reuter-Platz, Lustgarten provided the hugest open space nation with an easy transport access – “everyt- Project”. the strongest world’s museums such as Neues Grosser Stern in Tiergarten and Pariser Platz in the city for public demonstration and mass hing in one”. For local people – a cheap and Just prior the beginning, the used met- Museum (New Museum), 2009 (constructed with Brandenburger Tor. This line continues events. Such forced conversion was aimed to easy way to discover advanced events, the cul- hodology of the current research should be in 1859 and almost totally destroyed during further to the north by Karl-Liebknecht-Stras- replace urban core into the territory of the tural face of the city (or even country) in one described.
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