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Aquincumi Füzetek 3. Ásatások 1996-Ban Budapest, 1997

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Aquincumi Füzetek 3. Ásatások 1996-Ban Budapest, 1997 Bevezető az 1996. évi Introduction to prelimi­ ásatások előzetes jelen­ nary reports on the 1996 téseihez excavations Az Aquincumi Múzeum 1996. évi Similarly to previous periods, exca­ ásatási és leletmentési feladatai ez vation and rescue work carried out évben is - a korábbi időszaknak by the Aquincum Museum in 1996 megfelelően - elsősorban a régé­ were primarily defined by the szetileg védett területeken folyó development of archaeologically építési tevékenységhez kapcsolód­ protected areas. This repertoir, how­ tak. A sort azonban ebben az év­ ever, was again expanded to ben is kibővítették a többnyire include smaller, non-planned pro­ közműfektetések alkalmával vélet­ jects that emerged during the con­ lenszerűen előkerült leletek. Új struction of public works. elemként kell értékelnünk mun­ A new element in our activity is kánkban, bár az igény már régen relevant to precisely mapping previ­ megfogalmazódott, hogy az egyes, ously less researched areas which az antik topográfiában jelentős, de had been important in Antiquity. kevéssé kutatott területek most ké­ Satisfying a long existing necessity, szülő részletes rendezési tervének both test excavations and geophysi­ (RRT) véglegesítése előtt szondázó cal surveys were carried out before jellegű kutatásra, s kiegészítő geo­ drafting a comprehensive final plan. fizikai méréses kutatásra is sor ke­ Using conventional terminology, a rült. A BTM Aquincumi Múzeu­ single so-called "planned excava­ mának illetékességi és kutatási te­ tion" was carried out within the rületén (Budapest főváros területe) activity radius of the Aquincum egyetlen helyszínen történt a ko­ Museum of the Budapest History rábbi terminológia szerinti ún. Museum, i. e. the Budapest munici­ „tervásatás". Az évtizedekkel ko­ pal area: verifying excavations, rábban Fülep Ferenc által, a Ma­ directed by the Hungarian National gyar Nemzeti Múzeum képvisele­ Museum took place in Nagytétény tében ásatott nagytétényi (Campona) with financial support (Campona) római tábor hitelesítő by the local government. They con­ feltárását végezte a Magyar Nem­ centrated on the research area that zeti Múzeum, a helyi önkormány- had been investigated decades ago zat pénzügyi támogatásával. A by the late Ferenc Fülep of the múzeum munkatársai közremű­ Hungarian National Museum. ködtek a Gellérthegyen lévő kelta Employees of our museum also oppidum ez évi, francia, svájci, cooperated in the 1996 test excava­ magyar együttműködéssel megva­ tions of the Gellérthegy Celtic lósított szondázó jellegű feltárásá­ oppidum carried out within the ban is. A programban a Lou- framework of a joint French-Swiss- sannne-i Egyetem, az ELTE Régé­ Hungarian project. Participants of szeti Tanszéke és a Budapesti Tör­ this program included the University téneti Múzeum vett részt. of Lausanne, the Institute of A régészeti leletmentő munka el­ Archaeological Sciences of the sősorban azokon a területeken folyt Loránd Eötvös University (Budapest) ütemesen és zökkenőmentesen, and the Budapest History Museum. amely kerületekben a helyi önkor­ Archaeological rescue operations mányzatok is fontosnak, támoga­ was conducted most vigorously and tandónak tartják a régészeti örökség smoothly in areas where local gov­ védelmét. Kiemelendő e tekintetben ernments had also realized the sig­ a Óbuda-Békásmegyer Önkormány­ nificance of archaeological heritage zatának támogató közbenjárása és and considered supporting it impor­ áldozatvállalása. tant. In this regard, the lobbying, sac­ A leletmentések finanszírozása rifice and support by the local gov­ ez évben is beruházói forrásból ernment in District III of Budapest történt, de a legnagyobb problé­ (Óbuda-Békásmegyer) must be men­ mát a továbbra is bizonytalan jogi tioned with special emphasis. háttér, valamint a gyakran igen Most rescue excavations during szűkös határidők jelentették. A ko­ this year were again financed from rábbi évek során szerzett admi­ the developers' budget. Problems nisztrációs és szervezési gyakor­ were posed by the sometimes poorly lattal, a megbízást követően általá­ defined legal background and fre­ ban 5-10 napon belül meg tudjuk quently crashing deadlines. Having kezdeni a munkát, s az esetek utilized the administrative and orga­ többségében a vállalt határidőre nizational experience accumulated elvégezzük a leletmentést. A ru­ during the few previous years, field galmas, gyors munkavégzés, s a - work could be started usually 5-10 beruházó számára is nyilvánvaló - days after relevant negotiations and régészeti érdekek előtérbe helye- it could be accomplished in time in zése segítettek abban, hogy a ko­ most cases by the deadline. Flexible rábbi években gyakran hosszadal­ and fast archaeological work as well mas tárgyalási folyamat egyre in­ as the appreciation of archaeological kább lerövidüljön. priorities by developers, were of Az 1996. évben a múzeum 7 ré­ great help in short-cutting the negoti­ gésze mintegy 16 helyszínen vég­ ation process that had been painstak­ zett régészeti „beavatkozást" Bu­ ingly long during previous years. dapest területén, melynek során During 1996, seven archaeologists mintegy 10000 darabbal gyarapo­ of our museum carried out archaeo­ dott gyűjteményünk. A leletek zö­ logical "intervention" at 16 sites with­ me kerámia, az egyedi leletek ki­ in the area of Budapest. This work sebb számban fordulnak elő, mint enriched our collections by approxi­ az előző évben. Említésre méltóak mately 10,000 new objects. The major­ azonban a helytartói palota­ ity of these artifacts were ceramic együttes területén végzett kutatás sherds, individual finds, however, során előkerült belső épületdeko­ were not as common as had been in rációk, az összefüggő felületeket is previous years. Pieces of inner archi­ kiadó falfestményrészletek. Az tectural decoration recovered during alábbi torográfiai kutatási progra­ the course of research carried out mokhoz kapcsolódtak feltárásaink within the area of the complex known az 1996. évben: as the Governor's Palace. These frag­ ments of a wall pamting could be - Az albertfalvi tábor és vicus compiled into adjacent sections of the (Szirmai Krisztina) original picture. The 1996 excavations XI. ker., Hunyadi János út were associated with the following XI. ker., Hunyadi János út 18. le­ programs of the RAT: letmentés - Az aquincumi katonai territóri­ - Albertfalva fort and vicus um déli része (Il.ker. Budaújlak) (Krisztina Szirmai) (Facsády Annamária) District XI. Hunyadi János Street II. ker. Bécsi út - Ürömi út District XI. 18 Hunyadi János II. ker., Szépvölgyi út 42. Street, rescue excavation - Az aquincumi katonai territórium - Aquincumi military territory, beépítettsége a katonai amfiteát­ Southern section (District II., rumtól délre (III. ker Budaújlak) Budaújlak) III. ker. Bécsi út 38-42. (Annamária Facsády) (Bertin, Patrice) District II. Bécsi Street - III. ker., Szépvölgyi út 39. Ürömi Street (R. Facsády Annamária) District II. 42 Szépvölgyi Street - Az aquincumi katonaváros dél­ - Aquincum military territory, keleti régiója South of the military amphithe­ III. ker., Kiskorona utca atre (District III., Budaújlak) (Hable Tibor) District III. 38-42 Bécsi Street (Patrice Berlin) - Az aquincumi helytartói palota­ District III. 39 Szépvölgyi Street együttes (Annamária R. Facsády) III. ker. Hajógyár-sziget (H. Kérdő Katalin) - Southeastern section of the Aquincum military region - A katonaváros északnyugati be­ District III. Kiskorona Street építettsége, a 2-4. századi insu- (Tibor Hable) larendszer (Madarassy Orsolya) - Aquincum Governor's Palace III. ker., Vályog utca 3. complex III. ker., Vályog utca 13. District III. Hajógyár-island III. ker., Bécsi út 167. (Katalin H. Kérdő) - A katonaváros és a polgárváros - Aquincum Military Town, közötti terület római kori telepü­ Northwestern section - 2nd-4th lésszerkezete insula system (Zsidi Paula) (Orsolya Madarassy) III. ker., Szentendrei út 59. District III. 3 Vályog Street III. ker., Szőlőkert utca 1. District III. 13 Vályog Street District m. 167 Bécsi Street - Az aquincumi polgárváros és körzete - Roman Period settlement struc­ (Zsidi Paula) ture of the area between the III. ker., Óbudai Gázgyár Military and Civil Towns (Paula Zsidi) - Az aquincumi municipium ter­ District III. 59 Szentendrei Street ritóriuma District III. 1 Szőlőkert Street III. ker., Batthyány utca - Region of the Aquincum Civil Town (Hable Tibor) (Paula Zsidi) III. ker., Csúcshegy, Harsánylejtő District III. Óbudai Gas Factory (Zsidi Paula) - Territory of the Aquincumi Az új feltárások sok új adattal, municipium részlettel egészítették ki korábbi is­ District III. Batthyány Street mereteinket az aquincumi topográ­ (Tibor Hable) fiáról és a településtörténetről. Ezek District III. Csúcshegy, Harsánylejtő a kis megfigyelésekből leszűrhető (Paula Zsidi) összefüggések lassan kezdenek egy­ séges képpé összeállni. Ez vonatko­ These new excavations contributed zik elsősorban a katonaváros nyu­ quantities of new data and detail to gati szegélyének kutatására, az our previous knowledge concerning albertfalvi vicus településtörténeté­ the layout and settlement history of re. Ugyancsak kezd kirajzolódni az Aquincum. Small but related obser­ aquincumi municipiumtól nyugatra vations start slowly providing a uni­ fekvő terület településtörténete a fied picture. Moreover, thanks to the Csúcshegy-Harsány lejtői feltárás excavations at Csúcshegy - Harsány­ nyomán. Itt a terület római kori lejtő, the settlement history of areas használatának háromszori, alapvető west of the Aquincum Municipium is átalakítását lehetett megfigyelni.
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