Lecture 01-2: Recent History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

12/30/2020 Lesson 1: Overview of China's Geography and Graphic Recent History Lecture 01-2: Recent History GEOG 399: Migration and Development of China Lecture Overview This lecture covers: • The 1950s • The 1960s and 1970s • The Economic Reform • 1989‐2009 Student protests in Beijing in 1989 1 12/30/2020 The 1950s • 1949: CCP won the civil war; founding of the PRC (Taiwan became a renegade province) • 1949‐52: Rural land reform – redistribution of land to tillers • 1953‐57: First Five‐year Plan, an industrialization program modeled after Mao proclaimed the founding of the PRC on Oct 1, 1949 at Tiananmen rostrum. Soviet Union. In the countryside, collectivization carried out. The Great Leap Forward • 1958: Great Leap Forward – a mass campaign to boost steel poduction, in an effort to "catch up" with the Great Britain • Farmers were drawn into producing steel ; urban residents also set up backyard furnaces. • At the same time, collectivization (forming communes) led to serious disruption of life and farm production This poster in the Great Leap Forward depicts the frenzy for steel production. • 1960‐62: the failure of the GLF led to mass famines, leading to an estimated deaths of about 30 million 2 12/30/2020 The 1960s and 1970s • 1963‐65: Economic readjustment program to deal with problems of the GLF • 1996‐76: Cultural Revolution • power struggle within the party top echelon • also a radical movement to create a “new world” • students were encouraged to attack the establishment • tens of thousands of intellectuals and cadres were purged • 1976: Mao died, leading to the arrest of the “Gang of the Four” A papercut in the Cultural Revolution period. The art shows the Red Guards holding up Mao’s “red books ” in their campaign to change the old world. Economic Reform • 1978: Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader • 1979: China launched economic reform in the countryside – partial return to a system of family farming also "open door policy"; four "special economic zones" were set up; FDI was welcomed; China and USA formally established diplomatic relation. • Urban reforms were launched. Under Deng’s reforms, people were encouraged ”to get rich” and own stocks. Cell phones now replace ubiquitous Mao’s red books in people’s hands. 3 12/30/2020 1989 – 2009 • 1989: Students movement in Tiananmen Square but was suppressed. • 1997: Hong Kong was returned to China under the “one country, two systems” • 1999: Macao was returned to China • 2001: China entered the WTO • 2008: Beijing hosted the Olympic Games The web site for a well‐acclaimed documentary on the Tiananmen Incident in 1989. Major Problems Many problems brought forth by rapid economic growth under an authoritarian political system: • The wide gap between the rich and the poor • A huge poor migrant class in the city • A skewed economic model heavily reliant on state investment and exports Smog in Beijing, 2015 • Serious environmental degradation • Rampant corruption 4 12/30/2020 Lesson Summary In this lesson you learned • The 1950s • The 1960s and 1970s • The Economic Reform • 1989‐2009 Lesson 1: Overview of China's Geography and Recent History End of Lesson 1 Contact your instructor if you have questions or comments about this material. GEOG 399: State, Migration, and Development of China 5.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Poster Notice to All Students
Poster Notice To All Students Tulley intercrop his inches deek cap-a-pie, but malapert Stefano never halt so spherically. Sagittal Shell postulates no considerablysinfonietta upsurging while tenebrific veloce afterWinn Norwood cogitated miscegenates and threatens. substitutionally, quite unconfining. Ivan is Jugoslav and troats Anything you design for your campaign page you can we must continue daily affairs officers around the gang of business and poster to notice all students This poster is printed on high quality paper and features oustanding color and a high level of detail. Please enter a valid email address. Training, choose colours and set pricing. President Liu Shaoqi politically; it also signaled that disagreement over how to handle the unfolding events of the Cultural Revolution would break Mao from the established party leadership irreversibly. Unless specifically permitted, Heath always reassures them that it will be ok. Tell us more about how this item violates our policies. Title IX coordinator on each poster! Leninist and Maoist thinking. Posters will only be allowed on designated notice boards made available for the specific purpose of promoting student events and announcements. Here are some alternatives. CONSUME END KEY case template. Myers; JÃ¼rgen Domes; Erik von Groeling, providing a window into their conceptual understanding. How long will your campaign run for? Jonathan Kelber works with students in his cancer research lab. Teachers Pay Teachers is an online marketplace where teachers buy and sell original educational materials. Please try narrowing your filter criteria by date, more. It makes it so easy first to find Sacramento Decorator, he always asks what he can do to help out.
[Show full text]
The Impact of Human Rights on Business Investors in China
Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business Volume 14 Issue 1 Fall Fall 1993 Public Law, Private Actors: The mpI act of Human Rights on Business Investors in China Symposium: Doing Business in China Diane F. Orentlicher Timothy A. Gelatt Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njilb Part of the Foreign Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Diane F. Orentlicher, Timothy A. Gelatt, Public Law, Private Actors: The mpI act of Human Rights on Business Investors in China Symposium: Doing Business in China, 14 Nw. J. Int'l L. & Bus. 66 (1993-1994) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Public Law, Private Actors: The Impact of Human Rights on Business Investors in China Diane F. Orentlicher* Timothy A. Gelatt** INTRODUCTION 1 The astonishing brutality of Beijing's clampdown on pro-democracy advocates near Tiananmen Square four years ago placed human rights in the forefront of U.S. policy concerns in the People's Republic of China (PRC). Perhaps inevitably, the debate over U.S. human rights policy toward Beijing has had a profound impact on the expanding web of trade and investment between the United States and China-itself a central concern of U.S. policy. The Tiananmen incident thus wove together two strands of U.S. policy toward the PRC that had previously been thought to be unrelated, raising a raft of complex policy dilemmas to which satis- factory solutions still remain to be fashioned.
[Show full text]
Chin1821.Pdf
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt1x0nd955 No online items Finding Aid for the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives, 1989-1993 Processed by UCLA Library Special Collections staff; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé. UCLA Library Special Collections UCLA Library Special Collections staff Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ © 2009 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 1821 1 Descriptive Summary Title: China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives Date (inclusive): 1989-1993 Collection number: 1821 Creator: Center for Chinese Studies and the Center for Pacific Rim Studies, UCLA Extent: 22 boxes (11 linear ft.)1 oversize box. Abstract: The present finding aid represents the fruits of a multiyear collaborative effort, undertaken at the initiative of then UCLA Chancellor Charles Young, to collect, collate, classify, and annotate available materials relating to the China Democracy Movement and tiananmen crisis of 1989. These materials---including, inter alia, thousands of documents, transcribed radio broadcasts, local newspaper and journal articles, wall posters, electronic communications, and assorted ephemeral sources, some in Chinese and some in English---provide a wealth of information for scholars, present and future, who wish to gain a better understanding of the complex, swirling forces that surrounded the extraordinary "Beijing Spring" of 1989 and its tragic denouement. The scholarly community is indebted to those who have collected and arranged this archive of materials about the China Democracy Movement and Tiananmen Incident Archives.
[Show full text]
Rough Justice in Beijing: Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square
UCLA UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal Title Rough Justice in Beijing: Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7zz8w3wg Journal UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 10(1) Author Munro, Robin Publication Date 1991 DOI 10.5070/P8101021984 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California ROUGH JUSTICE IN BEIJING* Punishing the "Black Hands" of Tiananmen Square Robin Munro** 1. INTRODUCTION During late spring and early summer, namely, from mid-April to early June of 1989, a tiny handful of people exploited student unrest to launch a planned, organized and premeditated political turmoil, which later developed into a counterrevolutionary rebel- lion in Beijing, the capital. Their purpose was to overthrow the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party and subvert the so- cialist People's Republic of China.... In order to achieve thorough victory, we should mobilize the people completely, strengthen the people's democratic dictator- ship and spare no effort to ferret out the counterrevolutionary rioters. We should uncover instigators and rebellious conspira- tors, punish the organizers and schemers of the unrest and the counterrevolutionary rebellion ...and focus the crackdown on a handful of principal culprits and diehards who refuse to repent.' (Chen Xitong, Mayor of Beijing, on June 30, 1989.) In late 1990, the Chinese government brought formal charges against several dozen of the most prominent leaders of the May- June 1989 Tiananmen Square pro-democracy movement. Trials held in the first two months of 1991 have resulted in sentences rang- ing from two to thirteen years for students and intellectuals.
[Show full text]
China Perspectives
China Perspectives 2016/1 | 2016 Photo Essay: Deng Xiaoping’s Failed Reform in 1975-1976 A Photo Essay of a Failed Reform Beida, Tiananmen Square and the Defeat of Deng Xiaoping in 1975-76 David Zweig Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6893 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.6893 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 1 March 2016 Number of pages: 5-28 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference David Zweig, « A Photo Essay of a Failed Reform », China Perspectives [Online], 2016/1 | 2016, Online since 01 March 2016, connection on 28 October 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ chinaperspectives/6893 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.6893 © All rights reserved Photo Essay China perspectives A Photo Essay of a Failed Reform Beida, Tiananmen Square and the Defeat of Deng Xiaoping in 1975-76 DAVID ZWEIG ABSTRACT: In mid-1975, Deng Xiaoping, with Mao’s blessing, initiated reforms that targeted the negative consequences of the Cultural Revolution. To bolster Deng’s effort, Mao endowed him with penultimate authority over the Party, government, and military. However, in late October, Mao turned on Deng, and within five months, Mao and the radicals toppled Deng from power. As a foreign student at Peking University, David Zweig observed and photographed four key points in this historic struggle: (1) the initial establishment of a “big character poster” compound at Peking University; (2) emotional mourning for Zhou Enlai in Tiananmen Square following his death: (3) the intensified assault on Deng in February 1976 in the posters at Peking University; and (4) the massive demonstration of support in Tiananmen Square on 3-4 April for the end of Maoist politics.
[Show full text]
Copyright by Yue Ma 2004
Copyright by Yue Ma 2004 The Dissertation Committee for Yue Ma Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: The Catastrophe Remembered by the Non-Traumatic: Counternarratives on the Cultural Revolution in Chinese Literature of the 1990s Committee: Sung-sheng Yvonne Chang, Supervisor Margherita Zanasi Avron Boretz Qing Zhang Ban Wang The Catastrophe Remembered by the Non-Traumatic: Counternarratives on the Cultural Revolution in Chinese Literature of the 1990s by Yue Ma, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2004 Dedication To my personal savior, Jesus Christ, who touched my life and sent me the message that love never fails. To the memory of my father, who loved me and influenced my life tremendously. To my mother, who always believes in me, encourages me, supports me, and feels proud of me. To my husband, Chu-ong, whose optimistic attitude towards life affects people around him and brings hope and happiness to our family. To my precious son, Daniel (Dou Dou), whose heavenly smiles never fail to melt my heart. Special love to a special you. Acknowledgements I would like to offer a special thanks to Dr. Yvonne Sung-sheng Chang, my academic advisor, who has supervised my study during the past six years and helped me in numerous ways. My appreciation also goes to Dr. Margherita Zanasi and Dr. Avron Boretz. Taking your classes and having opportunities to discuss various questions with you have been inspiring and rewarding experiences for me.
[Show full text]
Chinese Cultural Revolution
Chinese Cultural Revolution Background Guide Written by: Sruthi Venkatachalam and Patrick Lee, Case Western Reserve University The Rise of Modern China The reign of the Chinese dynasties ended in 1911 leading to China’s emergence into the modern world. China’s weakness in the 20th century, as seen in the devastating loss in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, stirred unrest and murmurs of uprising among the population. In 1911, armed rebellions broke out in response to the nationalization of railways in the Sichuan province, word of which spread across China. This snowballed and lead warlords to rebel against the weak imperial regime. Such rebellion in Wuchuan led to the overthrow of the provincial government and revolutionary leader Sun Yixian took advantage of the regime’s weakness. He later returned from exile, elected provisional president He saw that the emperor be abdicated, and resign power allowing Yuan Shikai, imperial minster entrusted with full power via the courts, to become the nation’s first president.1 In early 1912, the reign of Imperial China, Yuan Shikai’s attempt to become military dictator was thwarted and the Nationalist party, the Guomindang, also known as the Kuomintang (GMD) took control of the country in 1923. Sun Yixian, now president, reorganized the party that made it a centralized, democratic party. The GMD worked with the nearly formed Chinese Communist Party, with Soviet assistance, to reunite China and end the control of warlords running rampant in the 1 Wang, Yi Chu. “Sun Yat-sen : Chinese Leader.” n.d. Britannica. Accessed November 9. 2018. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sun-Yat-sen country.
[Show full text]
CIBER/CEAS Doctoral Student Retreat
China in Transition Xiao/Falun Gong 9. The April 25 Incident and Its Implications A Study of the Buddhist Cult “Falun Gong” vis-à-vis the CCP’s Ideological Education Work Among the Youth in A Period of Dramatic Economic Reforms Hongyan Xiao Political Science Department University of Southern California VKC 327 Los Angeles, CA 90089-0044 Phone: (909) 941-7861 E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgments The author expresses special thanks to the following people for their generous help and comments: George Oakley Totten III, Yunxiang Yan, Randall Peerenboom, Richard Baum, and Jose de la Torre. Introduction On April 25, 1999, over ten thousand Falun Gong practitioners gathered at Xinhuamen, the main entrance to Zhongnanhai, to protest the governmental charge that Falun Gong was a superstitious cult that preached an evil thinking. Wang Zhaoguo, a politburo member of the CCP, delivered a special speech on behalf of the CCP, in which he claimed that the April 25 Incident was the most severe political event since the June 4 Tiananmen Incident of 1989. The April 25 protest was not an isolated incident organized by Falun Gong. First of all, the protesters outside the Zhongnanhai compound were not merely local Beijing residents. Some of them came from Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia. Prior to the April 25 Incident, Falun Gong groups had organized over 300 protests in various places across China. In May, 1998, for example, over one thousand Falun Gong people gathered and laid siege the Beijing TV Station. Only two days prior to the April 25 Incident, six thousand gathered at the Physical Education Institute of the Tianjin Teachers’ University, and about half of them eventually marched to the City Hall of Tianjin.1 How did Falun Gong strike such a deep chord in so many Chinese people and find such a fertile ground for recruitment? This paper studies the nature of Falun Gong, and attempts to address issues concerning the Chinese Communist Party’s (CCP) ideological work on the 1 RMRB, July 23, 1999, p.
[Show full text]
H-Diplo Roundtable, Vol. XVIII
2017 H-Diplo Roundtable Editors: Thomas Maddux and Diane Labrosse @HDiplo Roundtable and Web Production Editor: George Fujii Introduction by Yafeng Xia Roundtable Review Volume XVIII, No. 27 (2017) 29 May 2017 Shu Guang Zhang. Beijing’s Economic Statecraft during the Cold War, 1949-1991. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press and John Hopkins University Press, 2014. ISBN: 9781421415833 (hardback, $65.00). URL: http://www.tiny.cc/Roundtable-XVIII-27 Contents Introduction by Yafeng Xia, Long Island University, Brooklyn ...........................................................2 Review by Frank Cain, University of New South Wales Canberra .....................................................5 Review by Niu Jun, Peking University ..........................................................................................................9 Review by Amy King, Australian National University ......................................................................... 15 Review by Priscilla Roberts, City University of Macau ........................................................................ 19 Author’s Response by Shu Guang Zhang, the City University of Macau .................................... 33 © 2017 The Authors. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License. H-Diplo Roundtable Review, Vol. XVIII, No. 27 (2017) Introduction by Yafeng Xia, Long Island University, Brooklyn hu Guang Zhang, a prominent Cold-War scholar, who has previously published three books on China’s foreign relations1 during the Cold War, has done so again in new book that deals with a crucial aspect S of the People’s Republic of China (PRC)’s foreign relations during the Cold War: economic statecraft. Previous studies of the PRC’s foreign relations have focused on the strategic and diplomatic decision-making of top PRC leaders such as Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai. It is time to expand the study to economic, social, and cultural aspects of China’s Cold War experiences.
[Show full text]
The 20Th Anniversary of the Tiananmen Square Protests: Examining the Signifi- Cance of the 1989 Demonstrations in China and Implications for U.S
THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TIANANMEN SQUARE PROTESTS: EXAMINING THE SIGNIFI- CANCE OF THE 1989 DEMONSTRATIONS IN CHINA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. POLICY HEARING BEFORE THE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 4, 2009 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 51–191 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:52 Nov 03, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\51191.TXT DEIDRE VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:52 Nov 03, 2009 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\51191.TXT DEIDRE CO N T E N T S Page Opening statement of Hon. Byron Dorgan, Chairman, Congressional-Execu- tive Commission on China ................................................................................... 1 Walz, Hon. Tim, a U.S. Representative from Minnesota, Member, Congres- sional-Executive Commission on China ............................................................. 3 Barrasso, Hon. John, a U.S. Senator from Wyoming, Member, Congressional- Executive Commission on China ........................................................................ 4 Smith, Hon. Christopher H., a U.S. Representative from New Jersey, Ranking Member, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ................................ 4 Pitts, Hon. Joseph R., a U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania, Member, Congressional-Executive Commission on China ................................................ 6 Wu, Hon. David, a U.S. Representative from Oregon, Member, Congressional- Executive Commission on China .......................................................................
[Show full text]
The Preface of the Cultural Revolution (1964 to 1966)
The Preface of The Cultural Revolution (1964 to 1966) An Article A preface to the Cultural Revolution that provoked surprise around the world was an article condemning a play. Someone called Yao Wenyuan wrote the article. The play was "Dramas of the Ming Mandarin" written by Wu Han. 'reactionary bourgeois authorities' In 1964, Mao drew up a list of thirty-nine artists, writers, and scholars, and branded them 'reactionary bourgeois authorities'. The list included many people who had been leaders in their fields like Wu Han who wrote "Dramas of the Ming Mandarin". The list was not open to the public, so these thirty-nine people were not purged then. But Mao ordered the communists working in every region to expose other 'reactionary bourgeois authorities'. "Dramas of the Ming Mandarin" is a play about an historical character, Hai Rui, a mandarin from the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). The Ming Mandarin remonstrated with the emperor on behalf of the suffering ordinary people, at the risk of his own life. Consequently he was dismissed and exiled. Mao and Jiang Qing suspected that the Ming Mandarin was being used to represent Marshal Peng Dehuai, the former defense minister who in 1959 had spoken out against Mao's disastrous policies, which had caused the famine. Jiang Qing went to Shanghai and asked Yao Wenyuan to write a report criticizing "Dramas of the Ming Mandarin". This was done in complete secrecy, nobody but Mao and Mme. Mao knew about it. This despotic, unreasonable, public criticism against named individuals provoked much guessing and controversy in many circles.
[Show full text]
TIANANMEN: CHINA's STRUGGLE for DEMOCRACY ITS PRELUDE, DEVELOPMENT, AFTERMATH, and Impacf
OccAsioNAl PApERS/ REpRiNTS SERiES iN CoNTEMpoRARY AsiAN STudiEs NUMBER 2 - 1990 (97) TIANANMEN: CHINA'S STRUGGLE FOR , DEMOCRACY , •• ITS PRELUDE, DEVELOPMENT, AFTERMATH, AND IMPACT Edited by Winston L. Y. Yang and Marsha L. Wagner Scltool of LAw UNivERsiTy of 0 MARylANd. c ' 0 Occasional Papers/Reprint Series in Contemporary Asian Studies General Editor: Hungdah Chiu Executive Editor: Chih-Yu Wu Managing Editor: Chih-Yu Wu Editorial Advisory Board Professor Robert A. Scalapino, University of California at Berkeley Professor Gaston J. Sigur, George Washington University Professor Shao-chuan Leng, University of Virginia Professor James Hsiung, New York University Dr. Lih-wu Han, Political Science Association of the Republic of China Professor J. S. Prybyla, The Pennsylvania State University Professor Toshio Sawada, Sophia University, Japan Professor Gottfried-Karl Kindermann, Center for International Politics, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany Professor Choon-ho Park, International Legal Studies, Korea University, Republic of Korea All contributions (in English only) and communications should be sent to Professor Hungdah Chiu, University of Maryland School of Law, 500 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 USA. All publications in this series reflect only the views of the authors. While the editor accepts responsibility for the selection of materials to be published, the individual author is responsible for statements of facts and expressions of opinion con tained therein. Subscription is US $18.00 for 6 issues (regardless of the price of individual issues) in the United States and $24.00 for Canada or overseas. Check should be addressed to OPRSCAS. Price for single copy of this issue: US $8.00.
[Show full text]