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rinuARY FISHERIES AND OCEANS 240 SPARYS ST., 8th FLOM WEST . OTTAWA, ONTARIO, CANADA', e KiA 0E6.

Being the Eighty-Second Annual Fisherieeeport of the Dominion.

+e3-- (N1 cO c\I

To His Excellency Field-Marshal the Right Honourable Viscount Alexander of Tunis, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.S.I., D.S.O., M.G., LL.D., A.D.C., Governor-General and Cotranander-in-Chief of Canada.

May It Please Your Excellency: I have the honour herewith, for the information of Your Excellency and the Parliament of Canada, to present the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Department of Fisheries, being the Eighty-Second Annual Fisheries Report Respectfully submitted,

Minister of Fisheries. To The Honourable Robert W. Mayhew, M.P., Minister of Fisheries, Ottawa, Ont.

I have the honour to submit herewith the Nineteenth Annual Report of the Department of Fisheries, which covers the fiscal year 1948-49 and is the Eighty-Second Annual Report on the fisheries of Canada. Your obedient servant,

Deputy Minister. CONTENTS Page The Fisheries in 1948-1949 7 A Review of the Department .... 12 The Western Division 15 The Inland Division 33 The Eastern Division 37 Fish Culture Development 44 Fish Inspection Laboratories 54 Pribilof Sealing Operations 59 Fisheries Research Board of Canada 60 Fisheries Prices Support Board 67 International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission 69 International Fisheries Commission 73

APPENDICES Appendix I: Financial Statements 77 Appendix II: Western Division 94 Appendix III: Fish Culture Development 114

THE FISHERIES IN 1948-49 HE fishing industry of Canada as a whole had a very successful year Tin 1948 despite unfavourable factors that were developing in overseas export marketing. The world food shortage was easing, for in every major region of the world except the U.S. and Canada the supply of food in 1948-9 was larger than in the previous year. Fish landings in Europe in 1948 were about 700,000 metric tons greater than in 1947 and about 1.1 million metric tons above the pre-war average. Although the general food supply was still below pre-war levels in Europe and the Far East, the requirements of reconstruction created a shortage of dollars which reflected itself in declining commercial purchases of food products from the hard currency areas. The drastic curtailment of exports of Canadian canned fish to the sterling area which began in 1947, was extended to South Africa late in 1948, thereby cutting off a market which had absorbed considerable volumes of sahnon and sardines denied access to former important markets such as the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. . However, despite these unfavourable developments, the necessary market- ing adjustments were made possible by a strengthening of the North American markets for fishery products. Domestic consumption rose from 11.5 lbs. (edible weight basis) per person in 1947 to 12.2 lbs. in 1948, and the domestic market absorbed $48.6 million worth of all types of fishery products (including oils, etc.) as compared with $40 million worth in 1947. The United States increased its purchases by $16.5 million, enabling total exports to reach a new peak of $89.8 million. This export total surpassed the former record value of $89 million in 1946, and was well above the 1947 figure of $84 million. The increase in exports over 1947 was achieved without any substantial aid from E.C.A. financing, although it did include some relief shipments in the early months of 1948 under the post-UNRRA scheme of distribution of foods to European countries. . Thus the total marketed value of 1948 production added up to 8138.5 million as compared with $125 million in 1947. This increase of over 10 per cent was partially due to the increased landings described below, and in part to a higher price structure. The wholesale price index (1935-39.100) for fishery products stood at 243 for the first quarter of the year, then declined to 230 in June, followed by a jump to 258 in the fall months, and ending the year at 264. In general, prices were 10-15 per cent higher than in the comparable seasons of 1947.

7 Production:

Preliminary figures of Canadian landings in 1948 indicated a substantial increase over those of the preceding year. The total landings of the sea fisheries reached 1,285 million lbs. compared with 1,153 million lbs. in 1947. Most significant, compared with the preceding year, were the increases in the landings of herring on the Pacific Coast and of cod and haddock on the Atlantic Coast. The catch of herring in B.C. was exceptionally high in the first month of the winter fishery of 1948-49; consequently the amount caught in the calendar year 1948 reached 386 million lbs., surpassing the 1947 figure by 130 million lbs. The combined catch of cod and haddock on the Atlantic Coast, at 301.5 million lbs., was 40 million lbs. greater than in 1947. It should be noted, however, that the landings of cod and haddock in 1947 were artificially lowered by a labor dispute in the early months of the year and by restricted fishing operations due to market conditions. In 1948, the Pacific Coast witnessed the revival of a whale fishery. A total of 184 whales were captured, which was higher than in 1942 and 1943, the last two years before the whaling operations came to a halt. The tuna fisheries expanded substantially in 1948. On the other hand, the landings of salmon and halibut, although satisfactory, were substantiall y below those of the preceding year. The total catch of fish in British Columbia reached 578 million lbs. compared with 480.6 million lbs. in 1947. On the Atlantic Coast the landings in general were at a high level in 1948. However, the herring and "sardine" fisheries registered a drop from the previous year's level. The herring scarcity, especially in the fall, brought about a shortage of bait, and herring had to be procured from B.C. for bait purposes. The pack of canned sardines was also substantially below that of 1947. The total landings for the East Coast reached 707 million lbs. compared with 672.2 million in 1947. According to preliminary figures the landed value of seafish—i.e., value to fishermen—reached a record of $63.1 million. The landed value on the West Coast, at $32.2 million, surpassed that of any previous year and was $10 million dreater than in 1947. The higher price level on salmon was the main factor contributing to the increased value to fishermen in this recrion. The 1943-49 price agreements for herring also established higher prices than in the previous winter season. The East Coast fisheries were valued at $30.9 million, i.e., $5.5 million more than in 1947. due mainly to higher landings of cod, haddock and lobster and to firmer prices .-enerally. Final returns on landings and landed value of the freshwater fisheries for 1948 were not obtainable at time of writing. However, it is certain that they were at a higher level than in 19'17 when the landings were 80 million lbs. valued at $9.7 million as landed.

8 Disposition of Catch:

As to the disposition of the catch, the most significant development was the drop in the production of canned fish due to changed market conditions. The production of canned herring on the Pacific Coast dropped from 1,406,000 cases in 1947 to 415,500 cases in the subsequent year. On the other hand, the production of herring meal reached the unpre,cedented figure of 29,650 tons and that of herring oil 24,480,000 lbs. On the Atlantic Coast, the pack of canned cod and related species dropped from 193,200 cases in 1947 to 95,000 cases in the following year. A total of 25,000 cases of mackerel were canned in 1948 as compared with 60,800 cases in the previous year. The pack of canned herring was also substantially reduced. Preliminary figures indicated a production of 115 million lbs. (net weightl of canned products compared with 185 million lbs. in 1947. Still, the 1948 production was well above normal market demand, the surplus being handled through the canned fish purchasing programme of the Fisheries Prices Support Board. The latter purchased about 151,000 cases of canned fish in 1948. This was intended to cushion the impact upon the industry of the loss of their special outlets during the transition from a wartime and relief demand to that of a normal market. On the East Coast the production of fresh or frozen fillets from cod and haddock was well above that of the preceding year. Preliminary figures indicated a production of 48.2 million lbs. of fillets. The output of dried salted fish also surpassed that of 1947 by about 5 million lbs. On the Pacific Coast, except for the above mentioned shift in the disposition of herring away from canning to the production of meal and oil, the disposition of fish followed approximately the saine pattern as in the preceding year.

Exports:

The increase in exports over 1947 came as a result of an accelerated flow of fresh and frozen, cured and miscellaneous forms such as oils and meals, which more than made up for a retardation in shipments of the canned form. Fresh and frozen fish exports (almost exclusively to the U.S.) rose from $29.5 million in 1947 to $35.3 million in 1948, due to a $2.8 inillion increase in sales of whole or dressed fish and a $3 million increase in the filleted forms. Salted, dried, smoked and other cured fish sales abroad increased from $12.3 million in 1947 to $14.9 million as European production of this form fell off. Canned fish, however, dropped from $29 million to $18.7 million due to growing import restrictions and the termination of relief shipments. Exports of shellfish in all forms rose on a firm market, from $11 million in 1947 to $12.4 million. All other fishery products jumped from $2.2 million in the previous year to $8.7 million as the oil market experienced a boom and as the restrictions on meal exports were lifted. The United States, the big sustaining market, purchased $61.9 million worth of fishery products in 1948, as compared with $45.4 million in the

9 previous year. Before restrictions were imposed in November, South Africa was also purchasing more than in 1947, and the total imports for the year were $3.5 million compared to $2.9 million in 1947, and nothing in 1946. Latin America bought $4.7 million worth compared with $3.1 million in 1947, as the market in the Greater Antilles remained strong and alternate food supplies were short. On the other hand, the United Kingdom cut back its Canadian fish imports from $13.3 million in 1946 to $6.8 million in 1947 iE and further to $1.8 million in 1948. The U.K. Dependent Areas (chiefly the B.W.I.) reduced purchases from $6.5 million in 1947 to $4.2 million. The other sterling countries such as Australia and New Zealand virtually eliminated this trade as purchases dropped drastically from the $3.2 million level of 1947 to $158,000 in 1948. The value of Canadian fishery products going to Western Europe and its Colonies was $10.1 million of which about one-half comprised relief shipments; the remainder, shipments of salmon to Belgium and other simi- larly financially strong countries. The American Dependencies, such as Puerto Rico purchased $2.3 million worth, and all other countries took $1.3 million worth, whereas these two groups had purchased or received $7 million worth in 1947. Thus it may be seen that the export marketing pattern experienced some extensive readjustments during 1948. However, by selling more on the domestic and in available export markets, the industry reached a high total market value despite retractions in certain other markets. The industry as a whole became relatively more dependent on North American demand, and the various readjustments involved, such as concentration on the effort to raise domestic consumption, were being partially carried through on a private basis. The full success of such a programme with its concomitant assurance of continued and even improved levels of income in the producing regions, raised problems of Departmental organization to aid in achieving these objectives.

Imports: The total value of all types of fishery products imported into Canada in 1948 reached $11.8 million, a slight decline from the $13.2 million level of the previous year. Imports from Newfoundland rose to $5.1 million, an increase of $350,000 over those of 1947. Imports from the U.S. were down slightly ($2.1 million compared with $2.5 million in the previous year) due to restrictions on imports of oysters, etc., on account of our shortage of U.S. dollars. Shipments from the U.K. were up sharply due to a large purchase of marine oils. On the other hand, imports from Norway were down to $820,000 due to the absence of any large scale purchase of oils which would compare with the ones made in 1947. In terms of commodities, the imports of fresh and frozen fish were up by $500,000, amounting to $1,800,000. Cured fish imports were higher by 50 per cent, standing at about $900,000 as Canadian supplies were not

10 adequate for the market demand. Canned fish imports also rose, though only slightly, from $1.15 million to $1.32 million. The principal reason was the increased shipments of European sardines, anchovies, etc., though canned tuna imports declined as West Coast production became sigriificant. Shellfish imports were down from $1.07 million in 1947 to $0.60 million in 1948, due to restrictions on imports of oysters and canned crabs, clams and shrimps. Marine oils, of which $7.2 million worth were imported in 1947, declined to $5.7 million. Imports of other fishery products also dropped, from $1.8 million in 1947 to $1.5 million in 1948, due mainly to a decline in imports of undressed marine fur skins, oyster shells and fish meal.

11 À REVIEW OF THE DEPARTMENT

HE fiscal year 1948-49 saw further progress in the programme initiated Ttwo years ago for strengthening the Department's existing services and for setting in motion new activities in the interest of fisheries development. There was a marked increase in the work of the branches dealing with conservation and development of fishery resources, inspection, education and information, and in economic studies and surveys. A major change during this period took place in the Departmenes work in the fish cultural field which formerly embraced wholly the operation of a number of hatcheries and subsidiary establishments. A broader programme of fish culture development as distinguished from hatchery operation was put into effect to include stream improvement and management, fertilization of waters and predator control. On the Pacific Coast, engineering teams surveyed water levels, obstruc- tions and other conditions in the salmon streams and plans are being made to extend this work. Water level surveys are intended to provide a basis for measures to facilitate the migration of salmon. On the Atlantic Coast, investigations in co-operation with the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, were begun into the problems of rearing fish in small bodies of water, the effects of removing coarse fish by poisoning, and the behaviour of certain species in inland waters. In the freshwater fisheries, steps were taken, through meetings with provincial government officials of the four inland provinces, to improve the quality of fish products from these areas. Discus- sions were held on the acceleration of research on whitefish, and a move was made to provide basic research in stocks and their utilization. Increased activity in the work of conservation and development of resources was also marked by meetings in Ottawa with the International Fisheries (Hàlibut) Commission and the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. During the three-day sessions, plans were reviewed affecting the Pacific halibut fishery and the sockeye fishery of the Fraser River. Resulting from the Salmon Commission sessions was the resolution on the power development at Chilko Lake and on the Chilcotin River system ur.inc g the federal and provincial governments to conduct a complete and impartial investigation "before any interference whatever be permitted with Fraser River salmon runs, and before any direct or indirect commitments be authorized for any such interferences". A significant advance was also made toward the conservation of the Northwest Atlantic fisheries. Discussions on this subject were held in St.

12 John's, Newfoundland, prior to the International Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Conference in Washington early in 1949, which was attended by a Canadian delegation. As a member of the International Commission formed to further scientific investigations of the Northwest Atlantic resources, Canada will recommend appropriate regulations necessary for the protection of the fisheries if such protection is found necessary through the investigations. In Pacific Coast waters the Department inaugurated test Hula patrols which resulted in the development of a fishery which hitherto had not been profitable to British Columbia fishermen. The discovery of tuna in sufficient quantities for commercial exploitation provided a se,condary fishery which could be pursued to advantage particularly by halibut fishermen whose boats are idle following only a short fishing season each summer. The Department amended regulations to create a more extensive inspec- tion service designed to bring about higher quality fishery products. Inspec- tion of pickled fish 30 days prior to shipment for export, supplementing inspection at point of production or assembly, was begun as a check against deterioration during storage. Authority was obtained by the Department in August, 1948, to enforce inspection of canned fish and shellfish in the Maritime Provinces and Quebec, and higher standards were established for the operation of canning plants and for canned fish products. Of particular concern during the 1948-49 period was the need to expand inspection services to meet the increased duties brought about by new inspection legislation. This was especially true in the inland areas in view of the proposed revision of the Inspection Act to provide quality control over products entering inter-provincial and foreign trade. The urgency was emphasized by institution of compulsory inspection of iced and frozen white- fish for export. Plans were undertaken to augment the present Inland Division fishery staff of a Chief Supervisor and six inspectors with head- quarters at Winnipeg, with an assistant supervisor and 26 inspectors. To facilitate inspection operations, it was also decided to open a regional inspec- tion office in Toronto. Additions were made to the Pacific Division staff and a similar course will be followed on the Atlantic Coast. In February, 1949, contracts were let for two of the four new patrol boats which are to be constructed for use on the Atlantic Coast. The Department's education programme emphasizes efforts to educate the public regarding the significance of the fishing industry in the national life. Toward this end, exhibits were created which were displayed at Ottawa, Toronto and Lunenburg. During the fiscal year, two instructional films, "Better Boneless Cod" and "Cutting and Packaging of Better Boneless Cod" were made, both in English and French. These films constitute the first of a series, both instructional and documentary, to complement this programme. The Department also began a new monthly publication entitled "Trade News". This publication keeps the trade up-to-date on the current work of the Department, and also provides it with an economic account of markets both in Canada and abroad.

13 A broadcasting of the activities of the Department's econornic services took place, and a nuniber of investigations into the production and marketing problems of the Canadian fishing industry and fish trade are under way. Some of the results of these projects have already been published. A report on the consumption of fish food products in Canada, the first of its kind, appeared in October, 1948. Early in 1949 a supplementary study of "regional" consumption of fish in Canada, in addition to a survey of employment in Canada's fisheries were completed. Aids to the fishing industry during the fiscal year of 1948-49 included the adoption of new regulations to encourage the provision of facilities for freezing and storing bait where these are now lacldng or inadequate. During December, 1948, and January, 1949, the Department financed the movement of over 2,000,000 pounds of frozen herring from British Columbia to avert a bait shortage on the Atlantic Coast. The progress accomplished during the period under review does not fully implement the current programme but the net results were that the Depart- ment reached a point where it was in a much better position to perform the duties placed on it by Parliament.

14

THE WESTERN DIVISION ISHERIES production in British Columbia for 1948, in marketed value, F amounted to $58,605,619, not quite equalling' the highest annual valua- tion on record of 1947 ($58,764,950). The continuing high level of prices governing in the landed value for virtually all varieties of fish, and of handling and processing costs, was the main factor in sustaining the over-all marketed valuation of the near record peak. The value of the production of salmon exceeded all previous years with a total of $36,671,140, this being $978,515 greater than that of 1947, the highest valuation of any previous year. The varieties of fish making up the principal items in the Provincial total are:

Salmon $36,671,140 Herring 10,483,990 Halibut 4,654,350 Fish Livers, etc. 2,589,800 Soles 1,170,890 Tuna 990,424

SALMON The total catch of salmon for 1948 was slightly less than that of an average production, in all amounting to 1,451,679 hundredsveights. The pack in canned form of all varieties of salmon totalfed 1,308,137 cases, as compared with 1,505,157 cases in 1947, and an average of 1,399,660 cases for the past five years, as shown in the undernoted table. Of particular interest was the improvement in the pink runs over the light runs experienced in the brood year of 1946; fairly strong runs of chum salmon, with the exception of those to the west coast of Vancouver Island; and a gratifying return of sockeye to the Fraser system under the programme of rehabilitation by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. The Skeena sockeye run showed a satisfactory trend, being substantially superior to either of the brood years of 1943 and 1944: Marketed Value 1929-1933 1,330,365 cases 1934-1938 1,641,996 " 1939-1943 1,674,299 " • 1944-1948 • 1,399,660 "

15

Sockeye—Totalling 260,6421/2 cases, the 1948 pack of sockeye was below the annual average. The fine run to the Skeena River area produced a pack of 101,2671/2 cases. The pack of sockeye derived from the Fraser run amounted to 54,464 cases, this being a reduction from the pack of the brood year resulting from regulatory requirements stemming from the Fraser River Sockeye Treaty in the matter of equal division of the catch as nearly as feasible between Canada and the United States, and special conservation measures to provide for improved escapement for reproduction. After an excellent run in 1947, the return to Rivers Inlet in 1948 was disappointingly light. The pack of the combined catch of sockeye of Rivers and Smiths Inlet was about 48,122 cases as compared with packs of 66,8551/2 cases and 40,8591/2 cases in the brood years of 1943 and 1944. The following table shows the average packs in five-year groups since 1929: 1929-1933 318,562 cases 1934-1938 383,515 " 1939-1943 384,610 " 1944-1948 333,298 " Cohoes — A pack of 186,8091/2 cases was realized in 1948, compared with an average of 141,223 cases in the past three seasons. In addition to its suitability for canning purposes, this variety is also favoured in the fresh and frozen trade, and the volume used in these several marketing outlets fluctuates considerably each year in accord with the particular demand. The cohoe run generally may be properly classed as average for 1948, but with a fairly strong demand for this variety in canned form a larger proportion was so used with lesser quantities finding their way into the fresh, frozen, and other trade ch annels. This variety of salmon is being subjected to intense fishing effort by troll, seine and gillnet; the long migration period of this variety each year, extending often beyond the time commercial fishing normally ceases, unquestionably is of primary significance in the continued well-being of the runs of this variety. The following table shows the canned pack of cohoes for averages for each three year period since 1934:

1934-1936 208,130 cases 1937-1939 194,855 " 1940-1942 263,274 " 1943-1945 184,427 " 1946-1948 141,223 "

Pinks—The canned pack of 321,7211/2 cases of pinks is somewhat more than double the production of 116,6071/2 cases in the cycle year of 1946, which was the lowest on record. In 1946 when it was evident that the run was a very light one, sharp restrictions in the interests of providing for a reasonable escapement were immediately applied, and it is gratifying that

ra 16 the returns in 1948 indicate an up-trend in the volume of the runs, even though they were not at desired level in many cases. A satisfactory, but not heavy run, occurred to the North Queen Charlotte Islands, and the Skeena, Butedale and Bella Bella areas. It is only in the odd-numbered years that a pink run occurs in the Fraser, hence no catch was obtained from that area. It was also the "off" year in the various areas between Vancouver Island and the mainland and the light catch was generally in keeping with expectations. The average annual packs of pinks since 1935 by two year grouping are shown hereunder: 1935-1936 553,249 cases 1937-1938 493,226 " 1939-1940 417,253 " 1941-1942 349,194 " 1943-1944 459,940 " 1945-1946 471,059 " 1947-1948 460,802 " Chums —The chum run was greater than expected and was a satisfactory one. A canned pack of 496,553 cases was realized and substantial quantities were used in the fresh and frozen trade. A considerable volume was also exported in frozen form to the United States. The run was subjected to very intensive fishing in all sections. In District No. 2 an increasingly large gillnet fleet operated for this variety in areas in which purse-seine gear was formerly the only method used. The catch in large measure was obtained at points distant from the parent streams and in some instances it was feared that before the general strength of the run could be determined by the normal means available, a greater toll had been taken than would have been the case if there could have been earlier determinations. There was some apprehension that the spa \vning streams of the Butedale, Bella Bella and Bella Coola areas received insufficient escape- ment for reproduction purposes. In the waters of District No. 3 between Vancouver Island and the main- land there was similar intensive exploitation of the chum runs by seines and g-illnets and it was necessary to stop fishing in the various areas earlier than is usual to safeguard conservation requirements. In the Fraser River, because of the intensive exploitation of the runs leading to it, earlier termination of fishing was also applied. The high prices prevailing on the fishing grounds provided unusual incentive for the intensive fishing. The annual average canned production by four year grouping is as follows:

1929-1932 297,213 cases 1933-1936 453,476 " 1937-1940 504,860 " 1941-1944 544,827 " 1945-1948 471,168 "

17 Inspection of Canned Salmon Details of the year's inspection of canned salmon at the Department's laboratory in Vancouver are as follows:

Number of inspections made 2,130 Total number of cases inspected 1,307,7823'i Number of cases below Grade A certificate standard 22,7453/i Total number of cases eligible for Gr. A. certificate 1,285,036% United States pack inspected in bond not included above 6,025

Details of Inspections According to Species

Number of Cases below Cases eligible cases Grade "A" Cer- For Grade "A" Species inspected tificate Standard Certificate

Sockeye 260,054% 4,870% 255,1843 Springs 16,174 479% 15,69434 Steelheads 5,4473/ 5,4473' Bluebacks 19,656 — 19,656 Cohoe 197,978 1,864% 196,1131/2 Pinks 318,6633/2 3,9413/2 314,722 Churnq 489,808% 11,589% 478,219

Totals 1,307,7823 22,745% 1,285,036%

Particulars of Salmon below Grade "A" Standard According to Species.

Tips Species Below Grade "B" and Smoked Total Grade "B" Tails, etc.

Sockeye 73% 1,5573/ 3,239% — 4,870 4 Springs — 382 — 973/2 479% Cohoe 344 803/a 1,440 — 1,8643' Pinks 207 3,689% 45 — 3,94134 Chums 1,684 9,835 703/a — 11,5893

Totals.... 2,3083" 15,5443/a 4,795 97% 22,745 3/a

Salmon inspection fees collected, at the rate of Y2c per case, amounted ,581.35. Disposition of Canned Salmon For the first time since the beginning of the war the British Columbia canned salmon industry found itself with an entire season's pack to dispose of. During the war years the salmon packs were requisitioned for the Allied war effort with limited amounts during the later years being permitted for Canadian consumption. At the start of 1947 all Government distribution controls of canned salmon through the Department of Fisheries were dropped but under arrangements between the British 1VIinistry of Food and the salmon canners 40 per cent of the 1947 pack was reserved for purchase for British Government purposes. The residue of the 1947 pack was available for meeting the Canadian domestic market demands as well as to permit redevelopment of such export markets as were available. When 1948 packing commenced the Canadian market was devoid of stocks and with a strong demand prevail- ing it was found feasible to place two-thirds of the 1948 production in the Canadian domestic market. Owing to lack of dollar funds in many of the countries which formerly took substantial quantities of canned salmon, export business could not be developed as heretofore. The historic British market was entirely closed due to its inability to purchase because of the dollar shortage. Sale of about 25 per cent of the pack only in export markets was effected and there was prospect that a residue of some 10 per cent, mostly chums, would be still on hand at the beginning of the next pack year.

Salmon Taken by Indians of `the Province for Their Own Food Supplies Under Free Permit.

Sockeye Springs Cohoe Pinks Chums Sthds Totals (fish) (fish) (fish) (fish) (fish) (fish) (fish)

District No. 1... 65,265 3,726 2,965 — 4,469 1,722 78,147 District No. 2... 66,433 7,433 9,850 5,275 8,420 4,090 101,501 District No. 3... 10,220 4,020 6,660 3,700 54,335 2,350 81,285

Totals . . .141,918 15,179 19,475 8,975 67,224 8,162 260,933

HALIBUT Halibut fishing commenced on May 1. This has been the opening date for several years under the regulations of the International Fisheries (Halibut) Commission. The period of fishing in Area No. 2, which includes convention waters off the coast of British Columbia, lasted for 32 days only, closure being applied by the Commission on June 1 when the catch quota prescribed for that area had been taken by the. Canadian and United States fishing fleets." Fishing in Area No. 3, covering convention waters north and

19

west of Cape Spencer in Alaska, including the Gulf of Alaska, terminated on July 11, the fishing period thus being of 72 days duration as compared with 111 days in 1947 required to take the permitted quota. Total landings of 212,709 hundredweights of halibut were made at the various British Columbia ports, as compared with 262,230 hundredweights in the previous year. The higher catch in 1947 arose from the fact that a section of the United States fishing fleet remained in port for almost half of that season due to a price dispute, with the result that Canadian fishermen were able to secure a larger portion of the quota than usual. The period of fishing time required to obtain the catch quotas was less than in any previous year. The increasing abundance of halibut continues to attract fishermen and boats from other fisheries, resulting in a short fishing effort of great intensity by all operators, whereas formerly this fishery was exploited by a specialized fleet engaging in it on a year-round basis. Shore handling and cold storage facilities have been constructed and developed to meet the heavy seasonal landings.

The following statement shows halibut landings at the several ports in areas in the Province since 1930:

Vancouver Butedale- and New Prince Namu District Year Westminster Rupert Area No. 3 Totals

(cwts) (cwts) (cwts) (cwts) (ewts) 1930 11,387 239,617 978 2,814 254,796 1931 8,498 167,757 3,727 2,123 182,005 1932 11,883 148,615 6,677 1,672 168,847 1933 13,436 144,065 10,431 2,440 170,372 1934 16,113 150,476 13,297 2,716 182,602 1935 22,351 129,586 15,713 3,493 171,143 1936 20,777 131,830 11,522 3,992 168,121 1937 23,334 147,638 12,676 3,777 187,425 1938 28,155 141,691 17,776 5,866 193,488 1939 30,225 173,857 18,651 4,455 227,188 1940 26,010 185,921 23,157 3,955 239,043 1941 22,057 166,513 30,946 10,142 229,658 1942 30,547 180,789 21,638 10,941 243,915 1943 44,201 180,507 12,003 13,323 250,034 1944 30,779 133,744 12,356 12,369 189,248 1945 21,151 152,828 13,326 7,458 194,763 1946 15,970 186,896 17,493 8,380 228,739 1947 40,780 181,571 23,176 16,703 262,230 1948 14,983 150,270 19,670 27,786 212,709

20 HERRING The total catch of herring was far greater than in any previous year, i.e., 208,483.6 tons. This is 80,000 tons higher than the best previous annual take in 1947. The quota principle of regulation of this fishery continued to be employed for all areas with the exception of the west coast of Vancouver Island. In the latter area Imrestricted fishing was again permitted comple- mentary to long-term investigations being carried on there by the Pacific Biological Station of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.

The waters from which the catch mainly was obtained are: Lower East Coast —Trincomali Channel Nanoose Bay Middle East Coast —Baynes Sound Deepwater Bay Granite Bay Upper East Coast —Clio Channel West Coast of Vancouver Island—Barclay Sound Esperanza Inlet Northern British Columbia —Klemtu Pass Body Pass Ogden Channel

Factors contributing to the successful season included the use generally of large, well-found seining vessels equipped with depth finders for the detection of the herring schools; large purse-seine nets constructed and rigged for heavy service; and competent experienced seine boat captains and crew personnel. Radio-telephone and the latest navigation aids are standard equipment for the vessels of this fleet, the efficiency of which is further assisted by tender boats and packer service of high standard. The marketed value of herring and by-products during the year amounted to $10,483,990, which is $1,577,010 less than that of 1947. The lower figure is accounted for by the reduced production of canned herring, the pack amounting to 408,700 cases in 1948, valued at $2,556,110, as compared with 1,411,636 cases valued at $8,526,086 in the previous year. It was generally expected that the cessation of war and post-war outlets for herring in canned form would bring about an abrupt halt to the large-scale herring canning operation which came into being shortly after the outset of the war; hence the bulk of the 1948 herring catch was used for manufacture into oil and meal.

21 Details of the herring catch and of its utilization are as follows: No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Total Green Tons District District District

Catch cwts 1,055 1,365,605 2,803,013 4,169,673 208,483.60 Production:- Marketed fresh. .cwts 2,181 - 423 2,604 130.20 Canned cases 340,275 9,988 58,437 408,700 } Kippered 14,404.00 •Snacks cases 6,792 - - 6,792 1Cippered cwts 1,213 - 78 1,291 193.65 Bloatered cwts 127 - - 127 12.70 Used for bait bbls 24,892 21,323 8,170 54,385 5,438.50 Pickled bbls 17,152 - - 17,152 1,858.90 Frozen cwts 7,965 - 868 8,633 431.65 Dry salted cwts 2,212 5,400 - 7,612 475.75 Bloater paste. . cases 45 - - 45 Condensed solubles cwts 21,607 - - 21,607 Body oil lbs. 9,613,811 4,314,367 9,913,604 23,841,782 185,538.25 Offal oil lbs. 629,237 - 7,500 636,737 Body meal tons 10,749.35 6,535 12,243.9 29,528.25 Offal meal tons 64.75 43 107.75

The following table shows the canned herring pack from 1939 to 1948:

Year Cases 1939 233,046 1940 727,292 1941 1,013,329 1942 1,540,918 1943 1,372,775 1944 1,130,527 1945 1,372,614 1946 • 1,317,707 1947 1,411,636 1948 408,700

Herring Inspection Results of the inspection of canned herring at the Canned Fish Inspec- tion Laboratory maintained by the Department of Fisheries in Vancouver, during 1948, follow:

Number of inspections made 178 Total number of cases inspected 461,512 Total number of cases below certificate standard 11,047 Total number of cases available for certificate 450,455

22

Details of Canned Herring Inspections According to Size No. cases No. cases No. cases Size inspected below Certifi. eligible for cate standard Certificate Plain: 1 lb. tall 97,614% 3,104 94,510% 1 lb. oval 193,519 1,036 192,483 % lb. oval — —

Total 291,133% 4,140 286,993% Tomato Sauce: 1 lb. tall 11,268 6,907 4,361 1 lb. oval 131,940 — 131,940 % lb. oval 27,170% — 27,170%

Total 170,378% 6,907 163,471% Total for Year 461,512 11,047 450,465

Particulars of Herring Below Grade "A" Standard According to Size

Below Size Grade "B" Grade "B" Total Plain: 1 lb. tall 548 2,556 3,104 1 lb. oval 1,036 1,036

1,584 2,556 4,140 Tomato Sauce: 1 lb. tall 422 6,485 6,907

Total for Year 2,006 9,041 11,047 Herring inspection fees collected, at the rate of y9c per case, amounted to $2,548.75.

PILCHARDS As in 1947 the pilchard runs failed to materialize; indeed, no pilchards whatever were caught in 1948, compared with 4851/2 tons of the "home- steader" class taken in 1947 in Effingham Inlet. This year's experience is in line with expectations as determined from biological investigations in recent years of the pilchard-sardine fisheries from California to British Columbia. There appears to be no prospect of immediate return of conditions which for many years enabled substantial catches off the British Columbia coast, and which, in turn, produced valuable productions of oil and edible meal in addition to a minor production in canned form.

23

GRAYFISH The following statement shows details of this fishery for 1948 compared with productions in other years since 1940. The abundance of grayfish in the main fishing areas was not as great as several years ago and this, coupled with the fact that fewer fishermen participated in the fishery, contributed to the reduced take of grayfish livers in 1948: Average Licences Liver price to Year issued landings fishermen lbs. cents 1940 406 1,566,500 6 1941 897 3,552,576 9 1942 1,233 4,241,286 16 1943 • 2,041 5,121,186 25 1944 3,052 7,769,574 34 1945 2,165 5,821,849 31 1946 1,405 2,844,217 31 1947 1,456 3,759,282 29 1948 1,103 3,033,547 37

CLAMS A large carry-over of canned clams from the production of the previous year primarily was responsible for the lesser volume of clams dug during 1948. A canned pack of only 1,399 cases was put up comparèd with 34;225 cases in the preceding year. The production, as marketed fresh and processed in. canned form since 1939, is shown in the following table:

Marketed fresh Canned Year (cwts) (cases)

1939 21,601 5,431 1940 20,785 7,151 1941 25,402 12,783 1942 8,278 17,808 1943 8,397 13,626 1944 9,869 12,474 1945 39,834 4,693M 1946 15,456 23,867 1947 9,523 34,225 1948 17,638 1,399

24 TUNA Albacore tuna landings at British Columbia ports during 1948 aggregated 2,174,700 pounds and exceeded any previous year. Keen competition existed for the catch and prices as high as $650.00 per ton were paid to the fishermen. The marketed value was $990,424, far in excess of any previous year. The catch realized was particularly gratifying. In sorae measure it was a return hoped for by the Department as a result of a new departure in assigning one of its fisheries protection vessels to special tuna patrol and survey duty off the British Columbia coast. The history of tuna operations from British Columbia since their incep- tion in 1939 shows wide variation in such considerations as the period of the fishing season each year, fishing area, catch results, etc. In assisting to establish further facts bearing on the movements and characteristics of the albacore as it occurs off the B.C. coast the Department hoped that a worth- while secondary fishery might be developed, not only from the standpoint of additional economic returns but to assist in relieving pressures of excess fishing gear in other fisheries. Having regard to the offshore character of the fishery it was also suggested that such patrol, in addition to bioadcasting by radiophone to the fleet severe times daily pertinent data as to water temperatures, tuna indications, feed, etc., would be available to render assistance to the small tuna boats in the event of breakdown or in the case of mishap or injury to members of the fishing crews. A member of the staff of the Fisheries Research Board accompanied the patrols to gather pertinent scientific data and so enlarge scientific knowledge relating to the life history of the albacore. The first exploratory trip off the southern part of the coast was made on June 22 and the first tuna taken was on July 8, 77 miles southwest of Esteban Point. The first exploratory trip off the Queen Charlotte Islands was on July 29 and the tuna were taken on that day, 40 miles southwest of Tasoo. The entire catch was taken by the trolling method, i.e., gear as used by commercial salmon trolling fleets with the exception that it was rigged without weights or sinkers so that the baits would fish on the surface of the water. The baits used were feather baits, plugs, and bone baits with barbless hooks. The feather bait type was most successful. The average weight of the individual albacore was 15 pounds, with some specimens as high as 25 pounds. Experimental fishing by long lines and by gillnets was not successful in capturing any tuna. Preliminary conclusions obtained from the scientific and biological studies, as determined by the Pacific Biological Station, included the following points. Albacore can be caught in water of temperatures of less than 60 degrees F. In general, tuna were encountered in close proximity to the blue water which usually conforms to the continental shelf. General water temperature along the coast was 52 degrees F. but further off the coast, temperatures increased and rose quite sharply- at the edge of the continental

25 shelf. The temperature varied according to season and increased inshore as the season progressed. Warm water had a depth of approximately 50 feet, below which point the temperature decreased rapidly. The stomach contents would indicate that tuna go to considerable depths in their feeding. Fishermen, therefore, should not limit their efforts to shallow fishing. The fish should be allowed to cool off on the deck before being iced down, on account of the high body temperature when first taken out of the water. No recoveries were made ef the 140 fish tagged in 1948. With full support from the industry the Department has indicated that it would continue a patrol along similar lines in 1949. Albacore tuna catches landed at British Columbia ports during the past 10 years are shown below: Landed Quantity Value Year (cwts) (8)

1939 2,838 14,190 1940 45 225 1941 760 6,840 1942 — — 1943 288 5,760 1944 4,636 79,676 1945 14,287 297,983 1946 4,316 85,113 1947 7,965 211,650 1948 21,747 598,357

ANCHOVIES There was a sharp drop in the production of anchovies in 1948 as the undernoted table of pack and marketed value shows. In recent years practically the entire catch has been canned and, in collaboration with the Pacific Fisheries Experimental Station, Vancouver, improved canning techniques have been developed by the several companies processing this product. The Department, in association with the Pacific Biological Station at Nanaimo, also has sought to aid in the development of this fishery by permitting experimental fishing operations generally, to assist the operators in getting the required volume of fish for canning and also to obtain needed data for scientific purposes in a wider knowledge of the life history and habits of anchovies frequenting the British Columbia coast. Despite much effort and expense the fishing operations were not successful during 1948 and the catch was much less than that of either of the two preceding years:

26 No. of Marketed Year Cases* Value

1939 1940 14,331 79,818 1941 2,181 15,617 1942 3,070 11,900 1943 2,099 11,483 1944 13,221 261,160 1945 4,957 82,545 1946 29,946 610,586 1947 26,040 536,850 1948 4,901 88,305 * In terms of 48 lb. cases but the general product is packed in cases of 48 x 4-ounce cans

CANNED SPECIALTY PRODUCTS Much initiative has been in evidence by the fish and shellfish canning industry in developing and marketing canned specialty products in recent years. As in the case of canned anchovies, valuable assistance has been extended in this development by the Pacific Fisheries Experimental Station, Vancouver, under the Fisheries Research Board. These specialty products are meeting with favourable reception generally in the Canadian domestic market and there is every reason to believe that this addition to the economy of our fisheries will continue to be further expanded. Specialty products now in production include: Anchovy paste Oyster soup Bloater paste Sliced smoked Salmon Clams, whole Smoked Salmon steaks Clams, minced Salmon paste Crabs Smoked Salmon paste Kippered snacks Salmon and Shrimp paste Smoked fillets Sardines Oysters Shrimp, canned Oysters, smoked Fish cakes, Norwegian Style Oyster stew Clam Nectar

EXPORT CONTROLS — FRESH AND FROZEN SALMON Special export controls were applied during the war and immediate post-war period in the interests of assuring needed supplies of salmon in canned form for the purpose of the Allied war effort. In 1947, export in fresh and. frozen form, excepting in the case of red and white springs, was not permitted until September 25, when the export of pink salmon was

27 authorized. Later, as from October 15, 1947, export restrictions for all varieties and forms of Pacific Coast salmon, including steelhead, were dropped. In 1948, under the provisions of the Fisheries Act, restrictions were again applied in the export of certain varieties of salmon in fresh and frozen form for prescribed periods. The object was to assure needed supplies of fish with which to make up essential canned packs and other productions required for the Canadian market and overseas export trade; and by assuring such production, to continue to make possible the operation of important fish processing plants with employment opportunity for the large number of cannery and other workers directly and indirectly associated with these fish processing operations and incidental equipment and materials.

The following export restrictions were applied in 1948: Sockeye and Pinks: Export fresh or frozen prohibited throughout. Cohoes: Export fresh prohibited after September 1. (Export frozen permissible throughout the year). Chums: Export fresh prohibited; export frozen prohibited to September 1. (Export frozen permissible on and after September 1). Substantial quantities of chum salmon in frozen form were exported to the United States, much of which was subsequently canned there. The primary reason for this development was the unexpectedly large run of chum salmon in British Columbia waters.

DESTRUCTION OF SEA LIONS Departmental personnel again were authorized to destroy and disperse sea lions at points along the coast where there was evidence that these mammals were proving a menace to local fisheries or to fishing operations. The number killed as .shown hereunder was not as large as in previous years; this is accounted for in part by the fact that at Knight Inlet the herd of sea lions which had been frequenting that area left there shortly before the hunting party arrived: Number Area destroyed

Discovery Pass 16 Barclay Sound 12 Fife Sound 58 Sooke 7 Seymour Inlet 1 Solender Island 18 Cumshewa Inlet 1

113

28 DESTRUCTION OF HAIR SEALS • A bounty for the destruction of hair seals was again paid in 1948. The bounty rate was $5.00, payable on presentation of individual noses as evidence of destruction. Bounty was claimed for 2,693 seals destroyed, payments being made as follows: Region Amount

B. C. Headquarters $ 315.00 B. C. Region No. 1 365.00 B. C. Region No. 2 8,485.00 B. C. Region No. 3 4,300.00

Total $13,465.00

Serious complaint still persists of the heavy toll of salmon and other valuable fish destroyed in the depredations of hair seals .at coastal points and the estuaries of the various streams. Gillnet fishermen have complained particularly of the serious loss of and damage to salmon in their nets by hair seals on the Skeena River. The Department, following report by investigators of the Fisheries Research Board that the hair seal population there was to some extent a sedentary one, assigned two of its officers, both experienced hunters and boatmen, to hunt and destroy hair seals in the estuary of the Skeena during the late spring at the time of the pupping season. They were furnished with special equipment and during the five-week period of this assignment they killed 132 seals; others were seriously wounded. These operations were badly hampered by the exceptional flood conditions of the spring of 1948, but the results were such as to give promise that under more favourable conditions greater numbers may be destroyed. The Department has authorized this arrangement to be continued to determine if this method of attack may be effective in eventually bringing about significant reduction and control of the hair seal menace at this point.

VIOLATIONS Prosecutions totalling 231 were undertaken by- Departmental officers during 1948, involving violations of the various fishery regulations. Fines aggregating $9,042 were imposed and sales of confiscated fishing equipment amounted to $11,065.08. The following statement gives details: District No. 1 District No. 2 District No. 3 Total

Prosecutions 36 60 135 231 Fines $ 681.50 $ 3,949.50 $4,411.00 $ 9,042.00 Sales $ 682.48 $ 7,681.58 $2,701.02 $11,065.08

Total: Fines & Sales $1,363.98 $11,631.08 $7,112.02 $20,107.08

29 EFFICIENCY OF FISHING AND PROCESSING OPERATIONS The trend to increased operating efficiency in fishing boats and gear, handling and processing equipment and technique, continued to be strikingly in evidence throughout the British Columbia fishing industry. As new, -worthwhile aids in fishing operations are developed they are brought into immediate use. New fishing vessel construction is of superior standard. Such devices as radio-telephones, direction finders, and echo sounders, have become standard equipment for major fishing craft. Conveniences and accommodation for crew members on the boats show continuous improvement. Another evolution which gained much momentum during the year was the incursion of substantial numbers of salmon gillnet operators into areas previously not frequented by them and which had been look-ed upon as territory capable of operation by purse-seines only. Waters referred to include those in the Central area of District No. 2, of Johnstone Straits, Discovery Passage and Broughton Straits. Higher prices for Fall fish, such as chums, have largely stimulated this development. It would, however, not have been possible had it not been for the improved class of gillnet boat and gear which has come into use during the past few years. The available runs of salmon are thus subject to a division among increasingly large numbers of operating fishermen. Complementary thereto there must be prompt and adequate action by the Department to assure that the intensified exploitation is so controlled as to provide sufficiently for reproduction purposes.

SALMON STREANI IMPROVEMENT Of significant importance in the varied duties of Fishery Inspectors in British Columbia is the examination of salmon streams, especially during the spawning runs when efforts are made to ascertain the number of spawners of the various species in the individual streams and to report upon any condition deemed inimical to the run or to the survival of the seeding. Coverage of British Columbia streams generally during 1948 was better than in any previous year and is due primarily to the larger number of officers available and to improved facilities and equipment available to them for the "purpose. These officers, with the assistance of patrol boat crews, fishery guardians, and other field personnel, also continued the valuable work they had been doing for many years in clearing away small log jams and accumulations of debris, which in the nature of British Columbia conditions are in some measure an inherent feature of the streams. In some instances these formations may entirely obstruct the ascent of salmon; in others they would probably become total obstructions if not removed at once. These officers are now provided with field equipment to undertake this work without delay. Major obstructions are promptly reported for necessary attention by the Department Engineer.

30 A fisheries engineer was appointed for the British Columbia Division early in 1948. The position had been vacant since early war years. A programme of salmon stream improvements and surveys was immediately prepared in collaboration with Departmental inspection personnel and members of the Pacific Biological Station. Seven field parties, each consisting of a student engineer and biologist, from Canadian universities, were engaged and organized to examine and report on special projects at various streams in each of the following areas: South Queen Charlotte Islands Grenville-Principe Butedale Bella Bella Alert Bay Quathiaski-Pender Harbour Barclay Sound-Alberni Canal

A base camp (prefabricated cabin) was established for each field group convenient to the streams and projects to be dealt with, and each group was provided with a motor boat and necessary field equipment. The report of the Engineering Division, Fish Culture Development Branch, deals in detail with the work accomplished under this special programme. SALVAGING OF SALMON FRY Fishery Inspectors and other Departmental field personnel again devoted considerable time and effort to salvaging salmon fry which become stranded in pools. These pools are the result of receding water levels in streams following flash floods or during seasonal low-water conditions; unless the fry stranded in them are liberated quickly they are lost when the pools dry up. This is a valuable contribution to the perpetuation of the species.

SPORT FISHING There continues to be growing interest and activity in the tidal sport fisheries generally by residents of the province, as well as by visiting fishermen and tourists. At many points along the coast since the war there has been considerable development in the way of hotels, fishing lodges, tourist camps, auto camps, and boat rental establishments, - of the sport and recreation to be obtained from the salmon and other fishery resources. STAFF AND SERVICES During the year another group of 13 candidates for appointment as Fisheries Inspectors to fill out the complement of such officers for British Columbia, received a course of special training. After first being assigned for a peribd of duty to gain experience in the field, they were given classroom

31 lectures on biological and technological aspects of the fisheries by members of the Pacific Biological Station and the Pacific Fisheries Experimental Station, on all phases of fisheries administration, and on special subjects related to the duties and services of a Fisheries Inspector. All candidates, young veterans of the armed services, successfully qualified for appointment and were assigned to their field posts. Further progress was made in various details for improvement in the standard of fisheries inspection and patrol services. Radio-telephone and echo sounding equipment, similar to that now in use by fishing boats generally, was installed on several additional Departmental patrol boats. Patrol craft and equipment is at a much higher standard of efficiency than ever before. Of tremendous assistance and value to the Department's field personnel was the availability once again on a pre-war basis of seaplane facilities. The services of two seaplanes were available throughout the critical period of the salmon fishing season for fishery administrative and enforcement duties. A total of 398 hours 29 minutes flying time was utilized.

Appendices to this report nzay be found as follozes: Page B.C. Annual Production of Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 95 Pack of the Naas River, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 96 Pack of the Skeena River, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 97 Pack of Rivers and Smiths Inlet, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 98 Pack of the Fraser River District, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 99 Pack of Puget Sound, U.S.A., Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 100 Halibut Landings in B.C., 1938-1948 100 Pilchard Pack Canned in B.C., 1938-1948 100 Fish Oil and Meal Production in B.C., 1938-1948 100 Whales Landed in B.C., 1938-1948 101 Licensed B.C. Salmon Canneries and Fishing Gear, 1938-1948 101 Pack of Sockeye Salmon from Runs to Fraser River, 1938-1948 102

Ilt Packs of Canned Salmon, 1938-1948, with Grading 102 Statement of B.C. Fishery Licences, 1948 103 Provincial Plant Licences, 1948 Season 104 Salmon Caught by Purse-Seine in 1948 « 105 Species of Salmon and Methods of Capture, 1948 Season 106 Fish Liver and Fish Viscera, 1948 106 Salmon Spawning Report for B.C., 1948 107

32

THE INLA.ND DIVISION PRAIRIE PROVINCES NDER the Dominion-Provincial agreement of 1944, inspection for U quality was extended to all whitefish produced in the Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta and in the Northwest Territories. All commercially fished whitefish lakes are surveyed in order to establish the status of the production from each and, in some instances, an annual resurvey is also required. Provincial inspectors, having the status of Federal Officers, conduct surveys and primary inspections under the direction of the Chief Federal Officer and such inspectors issue certificates to whitefish of proper quality. No whitefish may be shipped from the Prairie Provinces or the Northwest Territories without such a certificate. As most of the important whitefish producing lakes were surveyed during the period 1944-47, few original surveys were made during 1948. However, resurveying was conducted on a reduced scale and a statement of the work is as follows:

Individual Lakes No. of Fish Weight Surveyed Examined (lbs.)

1944- 1944- 1944- 1946 1947 1948 1946 1947 1948 1946 1947 1948

Manitoba 86 15 38 18,146 8,434 6,887 51,885 26,456 22,662 Saskatchewan 124 39 21 16,618 7,226 2,589 54,869 22,879 7,268 Alberta 61 3 9 9,180 2,219 715 30,018 6,344 2,036 Northwest Territories 3 1 1 469 999 500 1,246 2,674 1,483

274 58 69 44,413 18,878 10,691 138,018 58,353 33,449

Shipment inspection of whitefish, which commenced in 1947, continued during the year on a voluntary basis and was highly successful in improving and maintaining quality. Following is a summary of shipment inspections:

No. of No. of Weight of No. of fish Weight Shipments Boxes Shipments (lbs.) examined (lbs.)

186 31,882 2,857,639 5,591 15,038

33 NORTHWEST TERRITORIES As was predicted in the last report, the completion of the all-weather road from Grimshaw, Alberta, to *Lower Hay River, N.W.T., in 1948, was responsible for a tremendous expansion in commercial fishing at Great Slave Lake. The fishing companies found it possible to haul their catch over the 389-mile stretch of road to railhead in from 12 to 18 hours and a fresh fish production was thus assured for both the summer and winter seasons. During the year, it was found possible to transport the fish by truck and rail from the fisherman's nets on Great Slave Lake to the consumer in Chicago in the remarkably short time of five days. With such excellent transportation facilities, the industry generally was able to market a high quality product. The development of the fishery has also had an economic impact on the area. Late in 1948, the population of Lower Hay River had increased from 200 to 1,000 persons and even greater expansion may be expected until the industry has become stabilized.

Winter commercial fishing was permitted during the period January 1 to March 31, 1948, under a catch limit of 1,500,000 pounds, dressed weight, of whitefish and trout. The following catch converted to both round and dressed weights, was reported:

Round Dressed Weight Weight

Whitefish 918,400 766,700 Trout 173,125 142,200 Inconnu 111,053 84,400

Total 1,202,578 993,300

Summer fishing was conducted on a large scale in the northern portion of the lake and a small operation beg:an on the south shore off Lower Hay River. From.a total catch limit of 2,500,000 dressed weight, of whitefish and trout, the catch was reported as follows:

Round Dressed Weight Weight

Whitefish 952,180 809,317 Trout 1,373,037 1,139,621 Inconnu 87,736 66,680 Pickerel 4,354 3,700

Total 2,417,307 2,019,318

34 A very large scale production began at Lower Hay River on December 1, 1948, on a catch limit of 1,500,000 pounds of whitefish and trout. The following catch was reported for that month:

Round Dressed Weight Weight

Whitefish 771,865 652,600 Trout 201,443 166,700 Inconnu 109,211 83,000 Pike 11,176 9,500

Total 1,093,695 911,800

The summary of the Great Slave Lake production for the calendar year of 1948 is as follows: Round Dressed Weight Weight

Whitefish 2,642,445 2,228,617 Trout 1,747,605 1,448,521 Inconnu 308,000 234,080 Pickerel 4,354 3,700 Pike 11,176 9,500

Total 4,713,580 • 3,924,418

The marketing of the catch during the year was as follows: Fresh Frozen Fresh Frozen Frozen Dressed Dressed Round Round Fillets

Whitefish 684,100 1,074,900 16,500 7,900 226,400 Trout 260,400 887,600 1,800 600 120,200 Inconnu 83,200 181,000 Pickerel 600 3,000 — 400 Pike — 9,200

Total 1,027,700 2,153,300 21,300 8,500 347,000

35 The winter operation from January 1 to March 31 employed 113 fisher- men, using 71,700 yards of gill-net. During the summer season, 99 fishermen operated 65,000 yards of gill-net from 30 boats. A considerable increase in the number of fishermen was noted for December, when 301 licensees operated 214,700 yards of gill-net. Virtually every type of transportation was utilized in moving the catch from the lake in the shore plants and thence to the export markets, including dog teams, snowmobiles, tractor, aircraft, river barges, trucks, canoes and railroads. in order to meet the serious shortage of trained personnel, four inspectors were temporarily transferred from Eastern Division for inspection and protection work. Despite the added assistance given by these men, the increase in shipment inspections and the development of commercial fishing in the Northwest Territories, placed a heavy burden of work on the small field staff of the Division. The acquisition of a snowmobile at Great Slave Lake in December was of considerable assistance in patrol work. There is an urgent need for a suitable boat if an adequate patrol of Great Slave Lake is to be maintained during future summer operations in view of the many bases which are likely to be established around the lake. It is hoped that a trained inspection and protection staff will gradually be assembled at Losver Hay River. It is not easy to find competent men who are willing to work under the rigorous conditions of weather and terrain which exist in the Northwest Territories.

36 THE EASTERN DIVISION HERE was an increase of about 6.4 per cent in the amount of deep-sea T fish landed in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island during 1948 as compared to 1947, with an increased landed value of approximately two per cent. The unrevised figures for 1948 show a total production of 609,410,000 pounds, having a landed value of $27,758,000 as compared to 572,557,000 pounds with a landed value of $23,031,235 in 1947. Prices were fairly well maintained throughout the year. There was a decrease during the summer months but this was recovered and the prices at the end of the year were firm and at a good level. The prices for the varieties taken in the largest amounts is a good gauge for the average overall picture, and for 1948 the price of cod averaged over 83 per hundredweight; sardines remained fairly constant at $25 per hogshead, while lobster was slightly higher, being $27.60 per hundredweight compared to averages of $2.75 for cod, 815.25 for sardines and $25.70 for lobster in 1947. The landings from the off-shore banks increased to approximately 26 per cent of the total catch compared to 20 per cent in the previous year. There is a definite trend developing in the inshore fisheries toward the use of small otter trawl draggers. This was shown by the number of licences issued-33 compared to 18 during the previous year. The trend in marketing was towards sales as fresh fillets, mild-cured smoked, green-salted and salt-dried forms. The market for dried fish was particularly good and prices remained firm. There was a definite decrease in the production of canned fish and, although the orders placed for relief purposes were helpful, the quantity of all varieties canned was less than in the previous year. As the over-all picture of world trade became clearer, the trade proceeded with more confidence in the matter of production and marketing and, considering all factors, 1948 was a prosperous and successful year for the industry.

Landings and Landed Value by Provinces*

Nova Scotia 1947 324,135,900 lbs. $15,155,593 1948 359,293,500 lbs. 18,282,097

New Brunswick 1947 216,740,200 lbs. 5,995,553 1948 220,110,500 lbs. 7,331,886

*Unrevised figures

37

Prince Edward Island 1947 31,681,500 lbs. 1,880,089 1948 30,011,400 lbs. 2,144,652

Livers Nova Scotia 3,080,800 lbs. Value, $136,603 New Brunswick 1,084,200 lbs. Value, 56,661 Prince Edward Island 319,900 lbs. Value, 6,438

5,484,900 lbs. Value, $199,702

DuIse, Seaweed, Irish Moss, etc. Nova Scotia 4,427,900 lbs. $37,844 New Brunswick 36,000 lbs. 5,626 Prince Edward Island 2,800,400 lbs. 34,407

7,264,300 lbs. $77,877

Inland Fisheries New Brunswick 577,400 lbs. $34,891

TOTAL VALUE ALL PROVINCES $28,070,470

LOBSTERS This fishery produces the greatest revenue for the inshore fishermen. The quantity landed was 336,000 cwts. valued at $9,278,288 compared to 300,003 cwts. valued at $7,928,283 in 1947. In the period 1942 to 1948 there was a peak production in 1946 of 357,540 cwts. and the catch this year was somewhat below that level. In the same period the catch in Nova Scotia was the highest recorded, amounting to 190,287 cwts.—the lowest being in 1942 of 128,471 cwts. In New Brunswick the peak occurred in 1946-91,358 cwts.—but the catch for 1948-80,566 cwts.—was the next highest for the period. In Prince Edward Island the peak catch 1,vas in 1945 of 81,153 cwts., which has fallen to 65,136 cwts, for the year and was about the same level as the period 1942-44. The disposition of the catch remained the sanie as for 1947, the propor- tions being: shipped in shell or consumed in that manner, 56 per cent; prepared as fresh meat or fresh frozen meat, 13 per cent; canned, approxi- mately 31 per cent of the total. The prices during the year remained firm and were somewhat higher than for 1947—the average price for the entire catch being slightly more than $27 per cwt. compared to about $25.70 per cwt. during 1947.

38 COD The total catch in the Division was 1,997,847 cwts. with a landed value of $6,7l1,808. Of this amount approximately 63 per cent was taken on the off-shore areas. The catch for 1947 was 1,799,987 cwts. with a landed value of $5,195,631. The greater part of the catch is made in Nova Scotia and the total amount landed in that province was 1,694,144 cwts. While this was in excess of that landed in 1947, it was considerably below the amount taken in 1946 when the catch reached a peak of 2,172,576 cwts. The amount of cod taken in New Brunswick increased from 205,666 cwts. to 263,539 ewts.—the increase being due to the addition of seven small draggers to the fleet which operate.s in the Caraquet-Shippigan area. There was a decrease in landings in Prince Edward Island—the catch being 60,206 cwts. compared to 74,513 cwts. in 1947.

HADDOCK This fishery centres in Nova Scotia and there was a notable increase in the amount taken in that province—the catch being 503,940 cwts. compared to 310,041 cwts. in 1947. The landings are the highest recorded for some time, and the increase appears to be due to a more plentiful supply as these fish were taken both inshore and offshore. The total landings for the Division were 515,397 cwts. with a landed value of $2,342,315, compared to 315,374 cwts. with a landed value of $1,369,333 in the previous year. There was a good deraand for all fish landed and prices were firm at all points, averaging about file cents per pound.

SARDINES The landings of sardines showed a considerable decrease as compared to 1947. The quantity taken was 896,341 cles. or 448,170 barrels, valued at $2,209,473 as compared to a catch of 1,009,025 cwts. or 504,512 barrels, valued at $1,540,021 in 1947. The catch in 1947 was the largest recorded in the period 1942 to 1948 and was due in a great part to the successful seining season during the latter months of the year. A small quantity of sardines was produced in Nova Scotia, amounting to 13,399 barrels. This represents the catch made in the weirs in Annapolis County and Digby County, Nova Scotia.

HERRING There was a considerable decrease in the catch of herring—the amount landed being 989,113 cwts. valued at $1,127,618 compared to a total catch of 1,078,937 cwts. valued at $1,278,807 in 1947. A large decrease in catch occurred in Nova Scotia while the catch was somewhat greater in New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. The decrease noted in Nova Scotia applied generally as these fish failed to make their appearance in the usual numbers along the Atlantic Coast.

39 MACKEREL There was a considerable decrease in the landings of mackerel in all three provinces. The amount for 1948 was 162,190 cwts. valued at $659,792, while in 1947 the catch was 213,884 cwts. valued at $688,001. The greatest decrease occurred in Nova 'Scotia but the catch in both New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island was considerably below that of 1947.

HAKE There was a small increase in the landings of hake which amounted to 261,492 cwts., valued at $481,113, as compared to landings of 217,515 cwts., valued at $418,115 in 1947. The increase occurred in Nova Scotia while New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island both registered decreases. While some of this species were sold in the form of fresh fillets, the greater part was salted and found a ready market as salt dried fish. This fishery is mainly carried on in the shore areas—the proportion taken off-shore being quite small, varying from four to six per cent.

POLLOCK This fishery centres mainly in Nova Scotia with smaller quantities being taken on the south coast of New Brunswick. The total amount landed was 211,358 cwts. with a landed value of $387,184 compared with 205,020 cwts. valued at $362,351 in 1947. The catch made in Nova Scotia which was 181,384 cwts., was considerably below the peak production in 1946, when 247,863 mts. \vere landed. There is actually a seasonal variation in this fishery, as its success depends on a number of variable factors, such as the appearance of herring in certain locations which increases the number of fish available. These fish are usually sold in a salted form, either whole or, in some cases, made into semi-boneless or boneless fish.

SPORT FISHING Generally sport fishing in lakes and streams was better than in 1947. This is attributed to more favorable weather and water conditions during the spring and summer months. Angling for Atlantic salmon was satisfactory and increases in the number taken are recorded for both New Brunswick and Nova Scotia. The catch by count for New Brunswick is reported as being 41,088 fish compared with 30,151 in the previous year. Of this total 10,021 kelts or black salmon were taken during the spring fishing compared with 5,486 in the pervious year. These kelts are taken under special permit and the catch is made mostly from the Miramichi River. The run of spawn- ing fish during 1947 appeared good. In Nova Scotia the number of salmon taken by angling was reported as being 8,261 compared with 3,476 for the previous year. This large increase is due in part to the inclusion of records of small rivers not reported in the

40 previous year, but to some extent is also a reflection of the higher watei levels and the better angling conditions. No salmon were reported taken by angling in Prince Edward Island. The catch of sebago or landlocked salmon in New Brunswick was reported to have been 635 fish by count and for Nova Scotia 415 fish. Comparative figures for the previous year are not available. Good catches of speckled trout both from the lakes and streams and of sea-run fish, were reported from all provinces. By count the numbers are reported as having been: Nova Scotia, 173,612; New Brunswick, 203,655; and Prince Edward Island, 68,484 fish. Fishing for rainbow trout is confined to those waters which have been stocked and, in some cases, this species appeared to do well when placed in suitable localities. The only record of the catch is from Nova Scotia, where 6,231 fish were reported taken compared to 2,350 in the previous year.

ADMINISTRATION With the exceptions of illegal lobster fishing in West Prince County, Prince Edward Island, and on the east coast of New Brunswick, coupled with illegal fishing for salmon in the Miramichi River, closed seasons, generally, were well observed. Support is being secured in a larger measure each year from the Fish and Game Associations of all provinces and their assistance has been of great value at all times. With the exceptions noted, it may be said that the public generally are observing the closed seasons in a proper manner. Investigation of pollution of streams by sawdust and mill refuse is part of protective work in inland waters. Very few cases were reported and these of a minor nature. The testing of water used at plants producing fresh lobster arid shellfish meats is carried out by the Fish Inspection Laboratory. Before permits to operate are issued, water examination tests are made. The prevention of illegal fishing requires constant attention. The protec- tion of inland waters requires the employment of a number of special fishery guardians to assist the Inspectors at various points in their duties. There is need for improvement in this service and definite plans have been made to be effective next year. An aerial patrol service was instituted in Prince Edward Island during the year, using a plane supplied by Paul's Service, Charlottetown. It proved satisfactory and made the efforts of the officers more effective. The patrol consisted of the operator of the plane, accompanied by a Fisheries Inspector, and owing to the manner in which it was conducted, visibility was greatly extended and could be applied to the location of underwater stores of illegally caught lobsters and, in some instances, also to traps. It is hoped that this service can be extended during the coming year and applied to the east coast of New Brunswick also, in an effort to correct the bad situation which exists in that area.

41 The inspection of fish products has increased greatly. In 1948 all dried and semi-dried fish in various cures required inspection before export. The number of lots ,dealt with was approximately 10,000 covering 62,370,000 pounds of fish and fish products; 111,403 containers for pickled fish and 38,521 barrels of oysters. The quantity inspected does not include examinations of pickled fish at export points, which are made on request. The use of moisture tellers has become more general and these are of value to inspectors in determining the moisture content in any lot of fish. The inspection of premises where shellfish are shucked has been con- tinued to insure good quality products. The total production of canned fish during the year was 1,213,416 cases. For the purpose of grading or inspection samples were withdrawn from 992 lots, consisting of 434,823 cases of different varieties, and forwarded to the Fish Inspection Laboratories for examination. An Engineer for the Division was appointed during the year. In New Brunswick quite extensive repairs were made to the fishway at St. George on the Magaguadavic River, which will be completed early in the coming year. One new fishway was installed on the Bartholomew River, tributary of the Miramichi system. The results of this installation will not be known until the coming year, as the construction was made during the latter part of the year. A more thorough survey of all fishways in the Division will be undertaken during the coming year and new plans prepared by the Divisional engineer. The clearance of streams consisted of some minor work in the Sydney River and at one or two other points in small streams in Cape Breton Island. No work of a major nature was undertaken. A total of 388 special guardians were employed during the year for the protection of coastal waters, inland waters and for the control of lobster pounds. The number employed by provinces was: Nova Scotia, 253; New Brunswick, 124; Prince Edward Island, 11.

- STAFF The Division office, which was located at Halifax, was transferred to Moncton, N.B., the change being made effective on January 10, 1948. The duties performed by the inspectors have been reviewed and it ap- pears desirable that more specialization of work should be effected. A plan has been outlined which should tend to improve the service, both in inspection and in protection. The management of inland waters has also been studied to improve the protection of these waters and also to secure information regarding fish population, catch made by angling and suitability of waters for pla nting hatchery stock.

42 PATROL BOAT SERVICE The patrol boat and protection service in the Division, consisted of the C.G.S. Cygnus, eleven boats chartered from various parties and nine boats owned and operated by the Department. The C.G.S. Cygnus operated along the Atlantic Coast, mainly in Western Nova Scotia, during the winter months and in the Gulf area during the summer and fall months, worlcing particularly in the western part of Prince Edward Island. The vessel proceeded to Pictou in October and, following her annual overhauling at that port, returned on duty on the Atlantic Coast. The patrol boat service in Nova Scotia consists of the P.B. Capelin, which operated in Western Nova Scotia; the P.B. Gilbert in Shelburne and Lunenberg Counties to the Halifax County line; the P.B. A.Halkett along the eastern coast of the mainland and the P.B. Venning in the Straits section. In New Brunswick the Department boats were the P.B. Fundy Rover and the Gannet Rock II employed on the south coast in the Bay of Fundy waters. On the east coast one boat only was operated—the Straits Rover- working out of the port of Newcastle. In Prince Edward Island the boats owned by the Department were the P.B. Capitol, Hazel M and the M-201. The Capitol was employed continuously on the south coast from Georgetown to Victoria. The Hazel M, a small motor launch, was used for the protection of the oyster fishery in Hillsborough Bay and the tributary rivers to it. An addition was made to the Department's boats for the province when the former airplane tender M-201 was purchased and repaired. The boat took fire while lying at the wharf at Cascumpeque on October 1, and was so badly damaged that it was decided that repairs should not be made to the hull. The equipment, including the engines, shafting and propellers were salvaged and are available. As the need for adding to the patrol boat service was evident, plans were made during the year to replace two of the larger patrol boats—the Halkett and Capelin—with new ones which would be modern and have a better rate of speed. It is anticipated that these two boats will be delivered during the coming year. In addition contracts were let for the construction of fi ve fast motor launches to be used at various points in the Division to supplement the now existing patrol service and, where possible, to replace chartered boats with ones which would give better service.

43 FISH CULTURE DEVELOPMENT Department was changed T11 HE structure of the Fish Culture branch of the in 1948 and its services extended to include hatchery work and other phases of fish culture such as stream improvement by removal of obstruc- tions, building of fishways, improvement of lakes for game fishing through poisoning of coarse fish and fertilization, control of fish predators and fry salvage. A particular charge was that application should be made of the findings of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Dr. A. L. Pritchard, senior biologist of the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., was appointed Director of Fish Culture Development and in line with the new policy, the Department's shellfish culture activities in the Maritimes and the Department's engineering services also came under Dr. Pritchard's direction. The hatchery work of the branch in 1948 consisted of the operation in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island of 13 main hatcheries, six rearing stations, six salmon retaining ponds and several egg collecting camps. From these establishments there was a total output of 29,173,715, over 80 per cent of which was distributed in the fingerling and older stages. Distributions were made to over 1,000 different lakes and streams. Distributions of Atlantic and landlocked salmon, brown, speckled, rain- bow and grey trout in various growth stages were carried out. In addition to those exotics mentioned above, parent small mouth black bass were liberated in Lily Lake, Hants County, N.S., and Clark's Lake, Saint John County, N.B. ' Proof of successful stocking with indigenous species of fish are very seldom commensurate with the results as shown by strong evidence. Where exotics enter the picture, assessment becomes much easier. In this year's operations proof of success or such strong evidence as to be reasonably considered proof, was established in many cases, some of which are described : Brown trout and their Loch Leven variety were plentiful in the Mispec and Little River watersheds, Saint John and Kings Counties, N.B. Sea-run brown trout—very popular with both resident and non-resident anglers fishing the Guysborough and Salmon Rivers, Guysborough County, N.S.— were reported to be in good supply. The largest specimens taken weighed 91/2 lbs. Rainbow trout were very plentiful in Rumsey Lake, Annapolis County, N.S. Several hundred of these fish were taken weekly in the early part of the open season.

44 A fair catch was also reported from Big Salmon River and its tributaries, Saint John County, N.B. A number of the larger specimens had spawned this spring. Speckled Trout Plantings Speckled trout planted in Round (Cook's) Lake, Saint John-Kings County, N.B., in 1947, after the total elimination of the water's fish population in 1946, showed a gratifying survival with a high per cent due to spawn this year. The growth made by the fish was good. Their average length in September was 7.6" with a maximum of 11". Speckled trout planted in West Lake, Kings County, N.B., in September, 1947, were abundant. Sixty per cent of a sample taken this year evidenced the probability of spawning in the fall. The average length of these fish was 9.4" with a maximum of 12". Of the landlocked salmon taken for spawning purposes in the Chamcook Lakes this fall, 25.8 per cent were marked hatchery fish. A creel census of the fish taken by anglers from these waters indicated that marked fish made up 25 per cent of the total of 301 recorded. Atlantic salmon liberated in Clear Lake, Charlotte County, N.B., were reported to have provided excellent angling. A number of specimens of unknown weight but allegedly of about 30" in length were saisl to have been taken. Salmon stocks liberated in this water have no egress and may be considered landlocked. The small mouth black bass fisheries held up well in nearly all the waters on which reports have been received. Wheaton (Bocabec) Lake seemed to be an exception. There it was reported that the bass, although numerous, were deteriorating in size. At the regular salmon ponds 4,422 parent Atlantic salmon were impounded. The average yield of eggs per female was 7,843 and for the individual ponds: More11 7,501, New Mills 7,148, Miramichi 7,004, River Philip 8,228, Sackville 4,785 and Margaree 10,356. Through the courtesy of the Restigouche Riparian Association, 1,929,650 Atlantic salmon eggs were secured from the Restigouche River and laid down in Charlo Hatchery. Collections of ova of satisfactory quality from speckled trout amounted to 28,902,300; Atlantic salmon 24,097,300; landlocked or sebago salmon, 313,800 and rainbow trout 12,000. Domestic supply was augmented by the importation of 110,000 brown trout, 205,000 rainbow trout and 100,000 grey (Cristivomer namaycush) trout eggs. In nutritional experiments, principally with speckled trout finger lings, 40 tests were made with 20 diets made up of 10 ingredients. With parent stock nine tests were made and six diets used made up of nine ingredients. Some of the diets gave promising results from the standpoint of survival, growth and cost of food to produce a pound of fish. These diets will be further checked. Selective breeding with speckled trout was continued to develop such characteristics as increased vitality, high yield, rapid growth, early spawning,

45 colouration and general appearance. Outstanding pairs at different hatcheries were mated and their progeny segregated. The progeny of the pairs, in which survival is highest, are being retained for development into brood stock and periodically will be selected so long as they are profitable egg producers. To check movements of fish and survival, over 71,000 were marked by removal of one or more fins and 309 had metal numbered tags attached to their dorsal fins. During the year 308 fish with missing fins and seven bearing tags were recaptured.

Assistance to Fisheries Research Board Assistance was given the Fisheries Research Board by supplying marked fish as desired for Follett River, Grand Lake and adjacent waters, Crecy Lake, Gibson Lake, West and Ellerslie Rivers. In co-operation with the Board, elimination of enemy fish in Cassidy Lake, N.B., was undertaken using Fishtox as the destructive agent. Major construction included the building of new salmon pond dams at New Mills, N.B., a dam on the Raivdon River, Grand Lake, N.S., continuation of work on the Haley Brook rearing ponds, installation of refrigerating plants at Grand Falls, Florenceville, Saint John, Cobequid and Margaree hatcheries, completion of two large concrete circular ponds at Saint John and the extension of the Lindloff pipe line into the lake at a depth to assure an adequate supply of cool water. Displays of live fish of various ages and species were made at exhibitions at Lunenberg, North Sydney, Caledonia, Saint John and Moncton. The Canadian National Railways, The Canadian Pacific Railway and the Dominion Atlantic Railway companies continued their assistance and co-operation by furnishing free transportation for shipments of game fish and game fish eggs, with their attendants. Fishery Officers, members of the Fish and Game Protective‘ Associations, Wardens, guides and others assisted in helping to select the best distributing grounds and in making the plantings. All superintendents of hatcheries, rearing ponds and salmon ponds, and their assistants carried out their work efficiently in spite of the hazard to fish stocks engendered by low water and high temperatures during the summer and early fall- and the fact that major repairs and new construction, in many cases carried out by the superintendents, were added to their usual routine of supervising the production, maintenance and distribution of fish and ova.

ENGINEERING DIVISION British Columbia

For many years the inspectors of the Department, under the Chief Supervisor, have given serious attention to the examination of streams used by salmon and other fish for spawning. One of the main purposes of this effort has been to ensure the accessibility of the spawning grounds to the runs of fish. Each year it has been the practice to remove many .minor

46 obstructions such as logs, small jams, and so forth, and to see that loggers and others using the channels keep them clear. In 1948 debris of one kind or another was removed from more than 90 streams. In the long-term view, the value of such work should not be under-estimated. Undoubtedly many potential barriers which svould become impassable were avoided. These general surveys and clearance programmes by the officers who are familiar with local environment, make it possible to have a true picture of conditions and moderate assurance that the main spawning areas are accessible. In the spring of 1948 a Divisional Engineer was assigned to the Vancouver office. A general survey was outlined in which 14 student engineers were appointed for the summer. Seven parties were established and each was assigned to a particular sub-district. The following instrumental and reconnaissance survey-s have resulted: (1) South Queen Charlotte Island Area — Pallant, Mathers, Crescent Inlet, Echo Harbour, Sedgewick Bay and Dana Inlet creeks. (2) Grenville — Principe Area — East Arm Lake, Exposed Inlet, Frieda River, particularly Frieda. Falls in the Klewnugget Inlet locality. (3) Butedu,le Area — Kitimat River and tributaries, Hirsch, Wadeene, Little Wadeene, Dala rivers, Bisch, Village and Campbell creeks and Indian River on Graham Reach. (4) Bella Bella Area — Ingrarn River and Lake, the Pine and Neekis rivers. (5) Alert Bay Area — Nimpkish River and tributaries with inspections only on the Cluxewe River, Hyde and Bear creeks. (6) Quathiaski — Pender Harbour Area — Brem River, Forbes, Deep Bay and Arthea creeks, Theodosia River and Bear River, Vancouver Island. (7) Alberni Canal Area — The Sproat Lake watershed and Sproat Falls. While these surveys varied in the amount of detail obtained, all provided basic information on the general problems and on difficulties to be faced in future years. The Maritime Provinces (N.B., N.S., and P.E.I.)— The engineering work in the Maritimes may be arbitrarily divided into three categories: (1) Co-operative projects with the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. (2) Stream improvements. (3) Hatchery maintenance and repairs.

47 Co-operative projects with the Fisheries Research Board of Canada included pond construction experiments in Prince Edward Island in connec- tion with the trout investigations at the Atlantic Biological Station. These ponds are designed to produce less variable and better environmental condi- tions where the trout, plentiful in the area, will grow to a larger size than in the numerous small streams and thus provide better, more concentrated fishing which can be more reasonably managed. In this connection a dam was constructed at Andrews pond and another planned and started at Stephenson's pond. In connection with salmon investigations at Grand Lake, Nova Scotia, a small dam was constructed on the Rawdon River. This was so designed as to make possible the release of artificial freshets to determine their effect on the movement of fish. The extent of stream improvement operations was limited by lack of personnel, but a few of the major accomplishments were:

(a) Installation of a fishway in the Nashwaak Dam on Bartholomew River near Blackville, N.B.

(b) A survey of the Mt. Stewart area, P.E.I., and design for a fishway at the request of the Director of Fisheries for that province.

(c) Repairs to the fishway on the Magaguadavic River, near St. George, N.B.

(d) Fishway in Harrington Dam, Salmon River, Digby Co., N.S., built by owner; designed and supervised by the Engineering Division.

(e) Removal of an old dam on Salmon River, Head of Jeddore, Halifax Co., N.S.

(f) Design and supervision of a fishway in B.E.S. C.O. dam in Sydney River, N.S.

(g) Survey of Ruth Falls, East River, Sheet Harbour and design of fishway to suit.

Hatchery maintenance and repairs though supervised by the Engineering Division were carried out in the main by the existing staffs of the establish- ments. The larger projects included:

Antigonish Hatchery, N.S. — Considerable repair work to the main water supply dam involving the construction of a coffer dam and readjust- menr, of main pipe line.

Bedford Hatchery, N.S. — Repairs to dam and main water supply system involving building of new head tank; repairs to the dwelling and installation of new domestic pump and furnace.

Cobequid Hatchery, N.S. — Mechanical refrigeration installed after major alterations to cold storage rooms. General repairs to ponds and hat'ehery buildings.

48 Kejimkujik Ponds, N.S. — Repairs to dam and concrete ponds and partial winterizing of bungalow for winter operations. Lindloff Hatchery, N.S. — Laying new 16" pipe line replacing flume; new foundation laid under stable, grounds graded and side hill removed near hatchery.

Margaree Hatchery, N.S. — Garage, cold storage and workshop com- pleted and refrigeration installed; eight new rearing tanks built, new 500- foot ditch to rearing ponds and general pond repairs. Florenceville Hatchery, N.B. — Cold storage, feed room, and workshop with overhead storage completed and refrigeration installed. Major repairs to long ponds. Grand Falls Hatchery, N.B. — Completion of new garage and cold storage with installation of equipment. Haley Brook Pond, N.B. — Erection of bunkhouse and cookhouse, partial construction of water supply dam, double garage and dwelling. Miramichi Hatchery, N.B. — Installation of new pipeline from dam to hatchery, electricity supplied and residence repaired.

New Mills Salmon Pond, N.B. — Two new dams built. At foot of pond, a cement structure approximately 227 feet in length and, at head of pond, a wooden dam. Saint John Hatchery, N.B. — Four long ponds repaired, two new circular ponds, 35 and 50 feet respectively, in diameter (constructed), storage shed partially constructed. New icehouse completed. Morell Salmon Pond, P.E.I. —Living quarters moved to top of hill and repaired. Watchman's quarters moved behind the wharf and extended. In addition to those listed above, minor works including repairs to ponds, pipelines, hatcheries and residences were also carried out at Coldbrook Rearing Ponds, 1Vlargaree Salmon Pond, Mersey Rearing Ponds, River Philip Salmon Pond, Yarmouth Hatchery and Grand Lake Rearing Ponds, in Nova Scotia; at Miramichi Salmon Pond, New Brunswick; and at Cardigan Rearing Ponds, and Kelly's Pond Hatchery, Prince Edward Island.

OYSTER FARMING AND CULTURE The Department of Fisheries and the Fisheries Research Board co-operate in carrying out investigations to improve the position of the oyster industry in the Maritime Provinces. The Board's efforts are supervised by the Director of the Atlantic Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B., and the Department's by the Director, Fish Culture Development Branch. Field supervision is exercised from the Prince Edward Island Biological Station at Ellerslie, P.E.I., a sub-station of the Atlantic Biological Station.

49 The Department continued to provide its routine services to the industry. These included the examination and survey of new leaseholds and re-location surveys of established ones, the provision of seed stock in limited quantities and the prediction of spatfall. There was also a considerable call for advice on methods of culture and for the acceptance and transmission of such revenues as lease rental and royalty. At Ellerslie, efforts were intensified to cheapen the cost of the successful but presently expensive oyster culture technique now used. The possibilities of devoting entire beds to the production of small oysters for later maturing by the growers, was further investigated. A mechanical device for killing starfish, the oyster's chief predator, by spreading quicklime over the bottom was tested for effectiveness. The Department purchased a cottage at Shippigan, N.B., for use as an experimental oyster farm along the same lines as those in operation at Ellerslie, and at Malagash and Orangedale, N.S. Commercial-scale trials were conducted to test methods of oyster culture suggested by the Board for this district on the basis of five years' previous investigation. At Malagash, N.S., further work was done on the utilization of tidal flats for raising seed and market oysters. A part of the supply of seed stock produced at the Bras d'Or Lakes Experimental Farm at Orangedale, was again shipped to Tracadie Lagoon, N.B., in a continued attempt to improve the supply of oysters there.

The 1948 Spawning and Growing Season The open-water season of 1948 was about average as a spawning and growing year. Two notable exceptions are furnished by the absolute failure of the set at Malagash, and its partial failure at Orangedale. The reason for these disappointments does not lie in failure of the water to warm sufficiently for spawning. Larvae were produced in abundance and grew to setting size but suddenly disappeared for reasons not yet known. At Ellerslie, the set was late (August 1) but ample and subsequent growth was satisfactory. At Shippigan, where the first large-scale attempt to catch spat was being made, an excellent set was obtained on the Departments' collectors only to be later entirely smothered out by a subsequent heavy set of barnacles. These barnacles filled up the empty spaces on the collectors and eventually crowded out the oysters. Work in the United States on the use of D.D.T. in preventing barnacles from settling on cultch seems to offer good promise of combatting this nuisance at Shippigan in 1949. Because of the enormous catches of spat obtained in 1947 in P.E.I., no grower there put out collectors in 1948. Biologically speaking this probably was a mistake, since an entire year class will later be missing from their harvest. However, most of the 1947 class will require the second year on trays before planting and a successful 1948 catch would have forced the growers to increase their investment in trays, an additional expense which they were not willing to assume.

50 The oysters grew well and fattened fairly early. Those fished late in October and November appeared to be in prime condition and, with the exceptions of some few cases of probable mishandling, held well in storage during the winter. The 1948 Fishing Season There was a very great increase in the oyster take in 1948 over any of the previous years of 1945, 1946, and 1947, amounting to roughly 50 per cent by reference to the 1947 catch. This is virtually entirely a reflection of demand rather than of supply. In late 1947 the importation of shucked oysters from the United States was prohibited as a part of the Canadian Government's currency conservation measures. This embargo continued throughout 1948. There is no oyster shucking industry in Canada which could supply the need for this product in the domestic market. The two top grades of oysters, Fancy Shape and Choice Shape, are too valuable on the hall-shell to interest the market for shucked stock, but the two lower grades, Standard Shape and Sub-standard Shape, are not. These latter grades are usually almost unsalable and consequently are not as extensively fished as the better grades. During the 1948 fishing season they were in great demand for shucking and the increase in the total fishery was accountable to this fact. Since this embargo has now been removed a drop in the catch can be expected in 1949. In addition to this special demand the market continued good and prices were high. No great losses in storage were encountered and the principal complaint from the market concerned the paucity of supply. Although Montreal is practically the only oyster market developed by the Atlantic growers, there is no doubt that this city wants more oysters. Since other markets are yet to be properly explored, the danger of over-production is slight. The Department's programme is therefore devoted for the time being principally to stimulating production and improving grading.

Department's Work in Conjunction With the Board The Department's and the Board's efforts in this field are so closely integrated as to be not easily separable. Broadly speaking the Board assumes the task of discovering new methods through research and the Department provides the facilities for large-scale trials of their commercial practicability. All maintenance work and the administration of all routine procedures of oyster culture also lie in the Department's province. Attempts to find a substitute method of exposing cardboard collectors at Ellerslie without the use of expensive floating equipment failed. The usual egg-crate fillers were given an exceptionally heavy coating of a sand- lime—cement mixture and were then impaled on pickets. These collectors became soggy, collected silt and grew luxuriant amounts of marine algae lxit were of no use in collecting spat.

51

The Department continued to clean and plant the up-river beds of its reserve with spat with a view to marketing the product as small oysters (about two to two and one half inches long). The unsuitability of spat as planting stock for the small holder is becoming more and more apparent. f Such spat require a further season on floating trays and this equipment is now so expensive that few small-holders can afford it. As a result spat are placed directly on the leasehold where few survive the depredations of starfish and the damage of storms. Failing this the lessee relies exclusively on the stocking of his holding by picking small oysters along the shoreline, which provides a useful adjunct but insufficient stocking. It is as yet too early to report results from the Department's plantings of spat on its starfish-free beds.

Oyster Production From All Sources (to nearest hundred barrels)

, Producing Area 1945 1946 1947 1948

MARITIMES 35,600 35,300 38,200 55,000 New Brunswick 23,100 21,800 25,000 35,600 t iGloucester County 10,000 8,700 8,700 10,200 *Northumberland County 9,800 10,500 13,200 19,300 *Kent County 2,900 2,300 2,900 5,000 t*Westmorland County 400 300 200 1,100 Prince Edward Island 7,200 9,600 10,200 15,400 t tPrince County 6,000 7,700 6,500 10,000 ttQueens County 1,100 1,500 3,700 5,300 11 t Wings County 100 400 - 100 Nova Scotia 5,300 3,900 3,000 4,000 tiBras d'Or Lakes 2,100 800 600 500 iiNorthumberland Strait 3,200 3,100 2,400 3,500

Sources of Revenue

SALES OF SEED STOCK: Spat @ 70¢ per gallon $ 516.40 Small oysters @ $3.00 and $3.50 per bbl 188.81 Low grade culls @ 75e--$2.00 per bbl. 47.75 SALES OF MARKETABLE OYSTERS @ TENDER PRICES: Fancy-Shape 288.80 Choice-Shape 874.20 Standard-Shape 535.50 Sub-standard-Shape 113.50

52 SERVICES: Thrashing collectors 6.00 LEASE RENTALS: New Brunswick 1,055.51 Prince Edward Island 1,889.69 Nova Scotia 369.43 ROYALTIES: New Brunswick .80 Nova Scotia 1.10 MISCELLANEOUS: Incidental sale of barrels 11.00

Total $5,898.49

*Largely or entirely public fishing Public fishing and leaseholds

-1-Leasing controlled by federal government: Westmorland County only in part. It is possible to estimate that roughly one-half the annual Maritime production comes from leaseholds.

Appendices to this report may be found as follows:

Page Species of Fish Distributed 115 Fish Tagged 115 Tagged Atlantic Salmon Recaptured • 115 Fish Marked by Fin Clipping 116 Fish Recaptured with Missing Fins .. 117 Local Collection and Disposal of Eggs 118 Inter-Hatchery Transfers 119 Other Transfers 120 Hatchery Output by Provinces 121 Species Distributed from Hatcheries and Rearing Stations 122 Exhibitions of Fish 124 Eggs, Fry, Fingerlings and Older Fish on Hand 125 Distribution of Species by Hatcheries 126

53 FISH INSPECTION -LABORATORIES PACIFIC HE routine work during 1948 differed markedly from that of the T immediately preceding years, in that very few parcels of canned herring were presented for examination. Many more routine tests for postmortem spoilage than usual had to be carried out on the parcels of canned salmon that were submitted for inspection. This somewhat general lack of freshness in the salmon packed at certain canneries during the 1948 season greatly increased the work of the laboratory. For example, a special investigation was undertaken at the request of the Department to determine the condition of certain codes that were packed in August from salmon taken in seines off the west coast of Vancouver Island. Other additional tests for postmortem spoilage were necessitated early in 1948 by the exceptional number of parcels of canned salmon derived from fish that had been frozen and held in cold storage prior to canning. Enzyme actions proceed even at low temperatures along with the growth of certain organisms. These produce odors and other evidence of postinortem spoilage resembling spoilage under normal conditions, so that many of these samples had to be tested in order to insure that the apparent off-odors were not due to postmortem spoilage prior to freezing. The increased number of tests for postmortem spoilage greatly curtailed the time that could be devoted to research work and in particular, to the two investigations on the quality of salmon taken in the Gulf of Georgia and Fraser River areas, that is, to Part II of the investigation into the quality of sockeye salmon taken in the Gulf of Georgia as compared with salmon taken in the Fraser River, and the later investigation into the quality of pink salmon commenced in 1947. But progress was delayed by other causes, such as changes in staff and other more or less special investigations, or work resulting from such investigations. For example, some time was spent in carrying out special analyses of samples of canned herring for the Sea-Land Cannery Investigation Committee. These results proved to be very valuable, since they enabled the Committee to differentiate between two parcels whose identities were in doubt owing to improper stamping of the cases, and to determine accurately the amount of processing of the tins in the parcels. A special investigation was also carried out by the laboratory on samples of canned herring forwarded by the New Zealand Department of Health.

54 Owing to uncertainties regarding the time and staff that would be avail- able for the research work in 1948, it was decided to postpone temporarily the work on the investigation into the quality of sockeye salmon and proceed with the investigation on pink salmon. The intention was to prepare a progress report when half the analyses had been completed, that is, when the analyses on three fish drawn from the various time groups and areas had been completed. The work, however, was again delayed owing to changes in staff and as a consequence it was decided to report the analyses of two fish only from the various time groups and areas. The samples of pink salmon were taken each week over a six-week period commencing August 26, 1947, from the areas A, B, C, and D used in the sockeye investigation. The preliminary results of the pink investigation differed from the results of the sockeye investigation in showing a significant difference in firmness between the samples taken in areas A and B, that is, the Sooke and Gulf areas, as compare,d with those taken in the Fraser River areas, that is, from areas C and D. The fish taken from areas A and B were also slightly better as regards percentage water compared with the Fraser River fish. But, in general, these prelhninary results showed very little difference in colour and percentage fat in samples taken from Gulf of Georgia as compared with samples taken from the Fraser River. Apparently, the seasonal effect is by far the most important factor affecting the percentages of water and fat. A short investigation was undertaken in order to relate the relative values of vitamin A determined by the dilution method followed in the previous analyses, that is, by measurement of the blue color developed with antimony trichloride, using a photoelectric colourimeter, with the absolute values determined by the spectrophotometric method, using the new Be,ckman spectrophotometer. This work is now practically complete and shows that 0.20 units of the relative vitamin A scale used in the sockeye salmon investigation is very nearly equal to 60 international units of vitamin A. The dilution method, although accurate at the dilutions used in the sockeye salmon investigation is very much slower than the direct spectrophotometric method. Semi-routine incubation tests, mainly on samples of canned salmon, were continued during 1948 with results similar to those of preceding years, that is, no non-sterile tins were detected. The evidence accumulated since 1942 when incubation tests were first introduced at the laboratory thus shows that parcels of salmon and herring packed in British Columbia are in general very superior in this respect. Non-sterility, where it exists in parcels of salmon or herring packed in British Columbia, must therefore arise largely through mechanical defects, such as leaky seams or otherwise damaged tins. The laboratory carried out a considerable number of special examina- tions. This is a service which the laboratory is pleased to give provided the work does not encroach too much on the time available for research work and other special work requested by the Department. Considerable time was spent with the Sea-Land Cannery Investigation Committee in September and October, 1948, and on an investigation which

55 grew out of discussions between this station and members of this Committee and with members of the Sub-Committee on Fish in January, 1948. The report of the Sea-Land Cannery Investigation Committee showed very definitely that it is not practically feasible to inspect satisfactorily non- sterility by means of incubation tests on relatively small samples drawn from parcels of canned fish, and that a much sounder method than this for insuring adequate processing is to equip the retort where the cans are processed with suitable recording apparatus, thermometers, gauges, clock faces, etc., and to keep accurate records of the times and temperatures of the processing of the individual codes. The report of this Committee also illustrated once again the great superiority of tests on valid metrical characters over organoleptic evidence. The investigation resulting from the discussions mentioned in the preced- ing paragraph was undertaken to emphasize the promising possibilities of iLsing multiple measures in determining the amount of postmortem spoilage in fishery products. A report of this investigation and a report of the investigation carried out in 1936 on the effect of the time of processing on the crushing strength of the vertebrae in canned herring was included in the report of the Canadian Committee on Food Preservation for 1939.

ATLANTIC

The decrease from the wartime production of canned East Coast fish expressed itself in the reduced quantities submitted to the Laboratory for grading. The three-year average (1945/6-1947/8) of 345,053 cases fell to 193,064 cases during the current year, a reduction of 44 per cent This includes mainly canned herring-, mackerel, chicken haddie and flaked fish. The amount of canned fish inspected, mainly sardines, tuna and kippered snacks, was almost the same as last year. The quality of the graded canned fish was better than in previous years, 82 per cent. "Fancy Grade" against 67.5 per cent, on the average, for the three previous 'years. On the other hand, there was an increase in the "Class B" sardines over the previous year. Six canning technologists were taken on the staff. After undergoing special training, they were assigned to definite areas to visit all fish canners periodically and assist the canners in their technical and quality control problems.

The Mobile Bacteriological Laboratory engagd in the sanitary control of the shellfish industry proved its value increasingly during the year. Plans to have such a laboratory for each one of the Maritime Provinces by the 1949 season are well under way. This will make possible more frequent visits to the shellfish plants and a closer control of their operation and their products which enter mostly export markets.

56 Canned Fish A total of 659 grading certificates were issued. Thirty lots of canned fish, comprising 12,9831/9 cases, were regraded after appeals, such action having been authorized by the Minister. For 13 lots, totalling 4,893 cases, the original grades were confirmed, while 16 lots, totalling 7,5901/2 cases, gained a higher grade and one lot of 500 cases received a lower grade. A net revenue of $290 was received in regrading fees. Canned Fish Inspection Certificates were issued for 393 lots of canned fish. Four lots of "Class B" quality sardines, comprising 2,754 cases, were re-inspected, of which 1,452 cases were confirmed as "Class B" and 1,302 cases gained "Fair, Average Quality" certificates. A total of 36 lots of canned fish of various kinds, comprising 11,6441/2 cases, were found to be short-weight, as determined from samples submitted for grading. Of 17 re-inspected short-weight lots, comprising 7,0241/2 cases, 2,780 cases were confirmed as short-weight and 4,2441/2 cases were released as correct weight. Weight tests on 28 lots as determined from routine samples submitted by Fisheries Inspectors were made. Of these, 16 lots were found short-weight and 12 were released as correct weight. One hundred and one canners of various kinds of canned fish were warned that short-weight samples had been found in their packs on basis of routine samples. A total of fourteen lots of canned fish, comprising 2,891 cases, were found to be unfit for htunan consumption. Re-inspection was carried out on 2,480 cases of these and 770 cases were confirmed as unfit, while 1,710 cases gained higher grades. A total of 454 routine samples of at least three cans each, submitted by canners themselves, at any time, or collected by Fisheries Inspectors at the request of the Laboratory were examined and reported upon. These serve to inform the canners of the quality and workmanship of their products, particularly at the beginning of the season or when they undertake the canning of new types of products. Since very few records of the quality of imported canned fish were available, a systematic survey of all parcels of canned fish entering Canada during the year was undertaken in co-operation with the Department of National Revenue. Custom Officers at all Ports of Entry withdrew samples and submitted them to the Halifax Laboratory for examination. A total of 334 lots were sampled, comprising 159,912 cases. A total of 3,622 cases (tuna and ling cod) were found unfit and their entry into Canada refused. Some 32,680 cases were questioned on the basis of labelling, weight and quality.

57 The Shediac, NB., Regional Laboratory was operated from April 5 to October 29 and the Charlottetown, P.E.I., Regional Laboratory from May 11 to September 30. Four visits were made to Grindstone, MI., and six visits to Grand River, P.Q., to grade lots of canned fish submitted in these centres. Six new canning technologists received their specialized training and began their duties as consultants to the canners. The Director and officers in charge of Regional Laboratories also visited many canneries. A cutting demonstration of domestic and imported canned fish was given during the annual meeting of the New Brunswick Fish Canners and Assemblers Association at Fredericton, N.B.

Canning Research Further experiments with tomato purees in the canning of herring have shown that suitable purees must have a specific gravity of at least 1.050, that processing at a losv temperature (e.g., 230 degrees F.) is desirable to prevent darkening of the puree and that the addition of an emulsifying agent (e.g., gum tragacanth) and the acidifying of the tomato sauce to pH 4.5 to 5.0 resulted in the production of a bright red tomato sauce of good stability.

Sanitary Control of the Shellfish Industry The Mobile Bacteriological Laboratory visited all clam shucking plants, scallop meat plants and chilled lobster meat plants in the Division throughout the various fishing seasons, checking the bacteriological purity of the water supplies and the products, as well as contributing to the improvement of plant sanitation in general. A total of 73 plant inspections were made and some 230 bacteriological examinations of water supplies and shellfish meats carried out. The work of the Mobile Laboratory was demonstrated during the Nova Scotia Fisheries Exhibition at Lunenburg, N.S., September 14-18.

Salt and Smoked Fish During the year 57 samples of dried salt fish were submitted to the Laboratory for moisture determinations. An investigation into the relation between the size of dried salted fish and the proportion of edible and inedible parts showed the proportion was constant for all sizes but that the edible portions were higher (77 and 78 per cent.) in pollock and hake than in cod (73 per cent.). Preliminary tests on the relation between texture and moisture content of bloaters indicated that fish with over 30 per cent moisture were considered medium soft to soft in texture; those with less than 30 per cent moisture were considered medium to hard in texture and smoked excessively. Salt content of over eight per cent was considered too salty.

58 PRIBILOF SEALING OPERATIONS HE Provisional Fur Seal Agreement 1942, between Canada and the T United States replaced the four-power Pelagic Sealing Treaty of 1911, and under its terms Canada receives 20 per cent of the annual take of Alaska Fur Seal skins at the Pribilof Islands. The conservation and protection of the Alaska Fur Seals is in the hands of the United States Government and the annual taking of the skins of surplus animals is carrried out under their supervision. During the spring migration of the animals from southern Pacific waters to the northerly Pribilof Islands, they pass along the British Columbia coast and vessels of the Departmenes patrol and protection fleet guard them on this part of their trip. Fisheries inspectors on land also help in this work by controlling and checking the number of animals which are allowed to be killed by natives under the provisions of the Treaty. Canada re,ceived 14,028 skins this year in a raw salted condition, of which 20 per cent was sent to London for processing and the remainder to St. Louis. It is expected that in the near future it will be possible to have seal skins dressed and dyed in Canada, as the London firm is preparing to transfer some of its trained personnel and machinery to Canada for the purpose of establishing this industry here. When the skins are received back from the processors, they are in a dressed and dyed condition, ready for tailoring without further treatment and this fiscal year, 15,000 skins were offered at six public auctions held in Montreal. The six sales were held June 1, October 27, November 17, Deceznber 21, February 23, and March 21, all being fully attended by representatives of the trade including buyers from the United States. At each sale the date of the next sale is announced together with the number of skins which is expected to be available, thus giving the fur trade advance notice of offerings. The seal skins are offered for sale in graded lots of about 40 skins and the top lot prices paid this year were London dye $85 per skin, St. Louis dye $109 per skin. The average prices ranged, London dye $35 to $65, St. Louis dye $56 to 879. Total receipts from the sales were some $902,000. Deducting processing and selling expenses, transportation charges, etc., leaves a net return of $556,100. At the end of the year there remained in the hands of the processors, some 16,000 skins in various stages of treatment.

59 THE FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA HE Fisheries Research Board of Canada, formerly the Biological T Board of Canada, in 1948 marked the fiftieth year of scientific investiga- tion toward the perpetuation and improvement of Canadian fisheries. The Board consists of 15 members appointed for five year terms by the Minister of Fisheries. Nine members are scientists drawn from universities or other institutions, two represent the federal Department of Fisheries and four the fishing industry. Three biological stations carry out- investigations designed to provide information as a basis for the management of Canada's fishery resources. The Atlantic Biological Station has its headquarters at St. Andrews, N.B., the t,Pacific Biological Station at Nanaimo. B.C., and the Central Fisheries Research Station at Winnipeg, Man. Technological investigations designed to increase knowledge of methods of preservation, processing and recovery of by-products from fish and other marine organisms are carried on in three laboratories. These are the Atlantic Fisheries Experimental Station, Halifax, N.S., Gaspe Fisheries Experimental Station, Grand River, Que., and the Pacific Fisheries Experimental Station, Vancouver, B.C.

BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Biological studies by the Board provide knowledge of the life history, growth rate, reproduction, distribution, enemies, diseases, etc., of the fishes, shellfish and sea mammals of Canada. Salmon—The report just completed on a five-year survey of the Skeena River in northern British Columbia shows that in the case of sockeye salmon there has been a gradual decline in numbers since. 1904 amounting over the whole period to a reduction of about 59,000 cases in the average annual pack. The pink salmon has never recovered from the general drastic failure in northern British Columbia in 1932. The spring and chum salmon populations have undoubtedly been reduced from their original levels but in recent years the declines have closed down or almost ceased. The coho appears ta be maintaining itself. Along with the steady pressure of the fishery, other factors have reacted toward keeping the populations down. These include the Indian-food fishery (particularly through its proportionately heavy exploitation of low runs),

60 adverse weather conditions, obstructions as hindrances to migration, silting as it affects conditions on the spawning beds, and predation especially by harbour seals in the lower river but to some extent by other fish. The Skeena report recommended that for sockeye, attempts should be made toward building up the runs by increasing the escapement of spawners, through reducing the amount of fishing. Concurrent with the fishing restric- tions, thorough and continuous programmes of stream improvenient should be carried out, predator seal populations should be reduced, and every effort made through discussions and arrangement with the departments concerned, to limit such adverse effects as do occur from the Indian fishery. The Board is to co-operate with the federal Department of Fisheries in putting the remedial measures into operation and in assessing the results, at the same time carrying out further research on special projects. A study of salmon production in the streams be>een the Skeena and Fraser rivers is now in progress. Cases have been demonstrated for the pink and chum salmon where natural stream conditions are so adverse as to result in extremely low production. Experiments with controlled egg planting in selected sections of the river bed and in areas where water conditions are regulated have indicated possibilities for raising the efficiency in this phase of the life history. Populations of Atlantic salmon recently have been at an all-time low not only in the Maritime Provinces but also in Europe, particularly in the southern parts of their range. The Board's researches suggest the fluctuations in abundance are related to rainfall. Low water at spawning time in the fall has been found to have serious local effects on reproduction. In some streams fish-eating birds have been shown to have removed a large part of the stock of young salmon, particularly in the dry season, when streams are low and clear. Herring— Investigations of herring are designed to explain the causes of fluctuations in abundance and if possible to foretell the size of the popula- tions and to discover how many can be taken without affecting the continued supply. One of the principal causes of variations in abundance is the difference in the success of year classes. The young resulting from the spasvning in some years hatch and survive in much higher proportions than in other years. Catch is related not alone to actual abundance in the sea but to oceanographic conditions determining the movements and concentrations of the fish. The Board's scientists have had some success in forecasthig probable abundance, a service which has meant much to the industry. Groundftsk— One of the aims of the Board's investigations of groundfish (i:e., cod, haddock, halibut, flounders, soles and other flatfish) has been to accumulate such information on stocks of species involved as will enable investigators to detect declines brought about by over-fishing as opposed to fluctuations due to natural causes. Another purpose of these investigations is to. locate new stocks and to increase efficiency of fishing. The latter object

61 involves experimental fishing. Experiments with the Danish seine have indicated the potentialities of this method for inshore flounder fishing. Experiments to test the use of flying sets and power hauling of line trawls have also been initiated.

Pilchards — The immediate cause of the decline of the pilchard catch is believed to be the failure of a sufficiently successful year-class to appear to replace the fish in the fishery and those disappearing through age. It is possible, though not probable, that pilchards do exist in large numbers but have not appeared in recent years in the areas where fishermen have been accustomed to find them, because of changes in oceanographic condi- tions. Efforts are being continued to discover to what extent fluctuations may be due to over-fishing and to natural causes. Smelts — Another fishery showing a progressive decline is that for smelts on Canada's east coast. A large proportion of the catch is made in the estuary of the Miramichi, and efforts are behig directed towards discover- ing the cause of the decline. Removal of obstructions which have been built artificially or developed naturally in the spawning brooks has caused an increase in the area in which smelts spawn. Consequent reduction of crowding of eggs had led to a higher production of larvae but the investigation has not gone sufficiently far to demonstrate to what extent this increase in the abundance of larvae will increase the number of adults. The smelts of British Columbia are of a different species from those of the Atlantic Coast and in general less important although one, the eulachon, as abundant in some areas. To provide a basis for proper management of the fishery catch, statistics are being collected and analyzed as a basis for detecting over-fishing. Tuna—Preliminary studies of tuna have recently been undertaken on both coasts. Little is known of their life histories or the factors determining their movements. Tuna have been fished commercially and for sport on the Atlantic Coast for some time. In the summer of 1948 tuna also appeared off Canada's Pacific Coast, and even as far north as Alaska, in sufficient numbers to constitute a valuable fishery. Shellfish —Efforts have been made on several occasions to introduce Atlantic lobsters into the Pacific. On the Atlantic Coast, by determining the increase in size during the season from one year to another, and the relations of the size of the lobsters caught to the space between the laths in the lobster traps, it has been possible to modify regulations to assure the optimum return to the fishermen. Oyster Farming A large and growing industry, oyster farming, is based largely on the results of investigations conducted by the Atlantic Biological Station. Although occurring on both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, oysters of the Atlantic are by far the most valuable. In connection with clams, the Board's investigations on the rates of growth, distribution and population densities have been of value both to the Federal Government and to the industry in regulating diggings so as to yield the oTeatest continuous returns.

62 Continuing studies on scallop populations, growth rates, enemies, and relation of mesh size of drags to size of scallops caught, are expected to yield information that may be applied in improved regulations. In the Digby area where the scallop fishery is intense, the supply has recently declined. Exploratory fishing for shrimps is being carried out along the outer coast of Nova Scotia. In British Columbia the catch of the shrimp trawlers is being watched. Tagging experiments are in progress along the north coast of Graham Island (Queen Charlotte Islands) to determine the population of crabs, their mig-ratory habits and the effect of the present fishing intensity. Whitefish—The study of the whitefish, Canada's most important com- mercial freshwater species, was the primary object in opening the Central Fisheries Research Station at Winnipeg. In 1948, the Board continued its studies of the problems relating to whitefish, and also other important freshwater investigations. The Eastern Speckled Trout—One of Canada's most valuable game fish, the Eastern Speckled Trout is native to Eastern North America and does not occur naturally west of the Nelson River in northern Manitoba, although it has been introduced through fish cultural practices to many parts of Canada and to other countries. The Board's investigations on the trout have brought to light the fact that there is a contrast between the very low production in lakes of the older geological formations of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia and the highly productive streams of Prince Edward Island. The Arctic char, a close relative of the Eastern speckled trout and lake trout, is of considerable importance in some parts of the Arctic, and the Board is accumulating information on this species as opportunities offer. Goldeye —Through efforts of the Central Fisheries Research Station an unexploited population of goldeye, capable of yielding an estimated 250,000 pounds a year was found in Lake Claire, Wood Buffalo Park, Alberta. Life history and habitat studies have contributed some understanding of the conditions necessary for the success of goldeye populations. Whales —These sea mammals occur around Newfoundland and off British Columbia. In the Canadian Arctic they were almost wiped out but there is some evidence that they may be increasing. With the entrance of Newfoundland into Confederation it may be desirable to institute a programme of research with the object of conserving populations of whales. Preliminary observations were made last summer on belugas (white vfhales) in Hudson Bay. Biological observations arè being made of the whales caught off British Columbia. Whaling in these waters, discontinued in 1943, was resumed in 1948. Seals —The Board is undertaking a more serious study of seals. The large and valuable Newfoundland sealing industry is declining, and in the eastern Arctic the drastic decline in the populations of sea mammals has had serious consequences for the Eskimos, who secure food, clothing, fuel and

63 dog food from the seal. While the harbour seal of the Atlantic Coast has been shown to be a host of a parasitic nematode worm, the harbour seal of the Pacific is a salmon predator. Seaweeds —Researches of the Board have resulted in the development of an Irish moss industry, particularly on Prince Edward Island. The Atlantic station is co-operating with the Department of Fisheries by conducting a survey of the quality and handling of Irish moss and by an educational campaign to improve quality through voluntary inspection. Northwest Territories Investigation—As a result of the Board's investi- gations a commercial fishery has been established on Great Slave Lake. Studies during the past summer resulted in the recommendation that an increase be made in the quota of fish \vhich may be taken from the lake. Eastern Arctic Marine Investigations—These investigations have two main objectives: (1) to obtain an understanding of the causes of the present low population of sea mammals which is having a seriously detrimental effect on the Eskimos, and (2) to discover, if possible, new sources of marine foods which the natives might be taught to use. During the past year the "Calanus", built for these investigations, was sailed north to Fort Chimo, where after carrying out some fishing and hydrographical observations, she was hauled out and placed in winter quarters. Oceanography — Oceanography is of basic importance in efforts to understand the abundance and distribution of life in the sea. The Board is co-operating with the Canadian Navy and the National Research Council in an oceanographic programme co-ordinated by the Joint Committee on Oceanography.

TECHNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS Fish once out of the sea are among the most perishable of our foods. Undesirable changes begin almost immediately and unless checked, the fish deteriorate rapidly. During the year the three laboratories engaged in this work have made significant contributions to the varied problems. Several long term projects which have gone back to fundamental principles have been worked through to application in the practical handling of fish. Fresh Fish—The underlying cause of deterioration and spoilage has been investigated from many angles. A method has been devised and tested under operating conditions of insulating the holds of vessels and of supplementing the icing with mechanical refrigeration. It was shown that under these conditions fish may be landed in a uniformly fresh condition. It was also shown that the important bacteria of the slime do not ordinarily penetrate the skin of the fish and that it is possible to remove the greater proportion by a system of desliming and washing. A practical desliming device has been developed.

64 Frozen Fish,— Investigations on frozen fish have progressed during the years to several important practical applications, particularly the demonstra- tion of effective freezing in air flow or "blast" freezers. It has long been known that the most important factor in the storage of frozen fish is the temperature. As an aid to the storage of frozen fish, work during the year has been completed on antioxidant dips for fillets and anti- oxidant glazes. From a long series of substances tested, several of which were synthesized, it was established that ascorbic acid dips or glazes improve the quality of frozen fish held for any considerable periods. Storage refrigerators on the coasts are now equipped for low temperature storage. In co-operation with the National Research Council and the rail- roads, trials have been made in existing refrigerator cars to lower the temperature by adding ammonium nitrate to ice and salt mixtures. Good but not adequate results were obtained. A second approach, now under study, is the development of mechanically refrigerated railway cars. Results to date are highly promising. Salted Fish—Much work of value has been done on fish salting, on the quality of salt, on salt penetration, on chemical changes in fish muscle protein induced by salting, and on certain types of micro-organisms, par- ticularly the red halophilic species of bacteria and the mould responsible for dunn. During the year, effort has been largely concentrated on slack salted cod, the Gaspe cure, in order to bring the procedure under scientific control and to improve the quality and uniformity of the product. It has been shown that brine salting is more readily controlled but less efficient than dry salting. The kench cure, supposed to require great skill, proves to be readily controlled. Dry Fish— A great deal of work has been done on fish drying in recent years. A highly efficient air flow dryer was designed and is now in wide use on the Atlantic Coast. During the year some important contributions have been made respecting air temperatures and relative humidity in the operations of the dryers. It has also been shown during the year that slack salted Gaspe cure fish may be dried in these air flow units, with a great improvement in both quality and uniformity. Smoked Fish—Tunnel-type fish smoke houses developed in the tech- nological laboratories are now in general use. A new form of smoke generator has been developed and a relatively large continuously operating smoking tunnel has been put into commercial operation. Canned Fish —Canning has received much attention in earlier years and many operations now in use are based on these studies. Attention has been given largely to the canning of freshwater fish. Methods have been devised for canning frozen whitefish and other species which are yielding a good product. On the basis of these procedures canneries are being estab- lished in the central provinces. Engineering work has been completed on a pressure cooling system for cannery retorts essential to certain types of operations.

65 Nutritive Value of Fish—A large amount of information has been accumulated on the nutritive value of the various species of Pacific fish as human food in contrast with other forms of protein foods. This data gives most species of fish a very high nutritive rating. Marine Oils— One of the largest and most successful of the technological studies has been work in marine oils, particularly vitamin oil. A series of species of commercal freshwater fish have been examined. Some valuable oil sources were indicated. With the reopening_of whaling operations on the Pacific, attention has been given to whale liver oils. The livers, especially of the humpback and sperm whales, are shown to contain oils with high vitamin A values. Considerable work has been done on a variety of industrial marine oils especially seal oils. Good progress has been made in determining chemical and physical properties of this oil and on bleaching, deodorization and sulfonation. An entirely new process of recovering vitamin oil from fish livers has been developed to a stage which indicates important commercial possibilities. Liaison with Industry—The directors and scientists in the three tech- nological stations have from the origin of the stations been in close touch with commercial fish processing. The contacts have been mutually beneficial. During the war years, under the pressure of increased production and improvement of quality, a still closer association was developed, especially on the Atlantic Coast, which involved primarily the employment by the station of an experienced fisheries technologist as liaison engineer. This has provided a more intimate link through which results known to the laboratory are brought directly to industry and the pressing problems are brought back to the laboratory. It has provided a solution to many problems. The value can only be estimated by the industry but a tour of inspection of the fishing industries in the Maritime provinces gives ample evidence of the extent to which the results of the stations' investigations have been put into practical operation.

66 FISHERIES PRICES SUPPORT BOARD N order to provide machinery which could be used to offset, in part, any I possible recurrence of the disastrous collapse in prices which occurred following World War I, the Government passed in 1944, the Fisheries Prices Support Act. The Act was implemented in 1947 and, as indicated in the second annual report of the Board (copies available from the King's Printer, Ottawa), the Board dealt with numerous marketing problems and recom- mended positive action on two occasions. In the first instance, support was given throughout the summer of 1948 to fishermen selling their product to the canning branch of the Atlantic Coast industry on representation that this branch of the industry had been encouraged to expand its production to meet wartime and post-war relief requirements, and with the disappearance of these special demands, required assistance in making the necessary readjustment to peace-time requirements. Furthermore, the Atlantic Coast fishing industry generally had in 1947 suffered a 33 per cent. decline in the over-all value of landings, as compared to 1946. Under the porgramme, the Board undertook to purchase up to 190,000 cases of canned fish of named varieties of prescribed prices. The Board acquired some 151,000 cases of canned fish of the chicken haddie, raackerel and herring types. Approximately two-thirds of the canned fish so acquired was given by the Government as a contribution to the relief of dis- placed persons and others in the Middle East. Most of the balance was dis- tributed to public and charitable institutions in Canada. The project served the dual purpose of assisting fishermen and canners through a reorganization period and of making much needed food supplies available to some of the less fortunate poeple of the world. The second positive action by the Board was initiated at the close of the fiscal year in Manitoba where, as a result of unfavorable market conditions, fishermen were unable to move their winter-caught frozen fish from the northern lakes of that province. Under this project, the Board acquired some 31/2 million pounds of frozen fish of the whitefish, sauger, pike, pickerel, trout and tullibee species. Action by the Board made it possible for the fisherrnen and dealers to move the fish into proper cold storage in Winnipeg and, therefore, avoided deterioration of the fish which was being held under natural' refricb,eration.

67 In addition to these direct activities to support the prices of fishery products, the Board has carried out a number of research projects designed to assist the fishing industry through a better understanding of production problems and through making available to the industry a continuous flow of information regarding markets, both domestically and abroad. In the domestic market, the Board carried out a comprehensive study of the per capita consumption of fish by species and by regions in co-operation with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. This study pointed up clearly the significant variation which exists in the rate of consumption of fish as between the coastal areas, where high quality fish products are readily available, and the inland areas where fish of only indifferent quality is available. Consumption in the major inland cities of Toronto and Montreal, while relatively low, compares more favourably with the coastal provinces because some attempt, at least, has been made to serve these markets better. More detailed studies of this nature are planned for the future. In the field of foreign markets, the staff of the Board, working in co-operation with the Export Division and the Foreign Trade Service of the Department of Trade and Commerce, has kept in close touch with the markets of the world. Information on general economic conditions in important markets as well as detailed specific data on movements of fishery products has been analyzed. The activities of other fish producing and exporting countries have also been followed carefully. The results of these studies have been passed on to the industry through the Departmenes monthly publication "Trade News", and also in specially prepared reviews of the market situation. THE INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES COMMISSION NDER the authority created by the Sockeye Salmon Fisheries Conven- U tion, ratified in 1937 by the United States of America and Canada, the Fraser River sockeye salmon fishery within certain defined geographical limits has been under international investigation and regulaton. Eight years of biological and statistical study, up to and including the season of 1945, led to the recommendation of fishing regulations commencing with the fishing season of 1946. During the investigational period various remedial measures of an engineering nature were studied, recommended and implemented. Certain biological measures were instituted in fulfillment of the responsibili- ties set forth in the Treaty. One of these concerns the establishment of an experimental field station in the Quesnel watershed which has been set up to study feasible methods for transferring races of sockeye to barren areas. The bases for the preparation of fishing regulations for the first four years (1946-1949) were: 1. To provide rigid protection as far as practicable to those races which have suffered the most severe depletion; 2. To increase the escapement to all areas; 3. To allow for the maintenance of the industry by near normal fishing on the most abundant races; and 4. To provide as near as practicable the equal sharing in the catch by the nationals of the two countries concerned. On January 14, 1948, at Vancouver, B.C., the Commission considered proposed fishing regulations for the 1948 season and discussed them with the Advisory Committee. Regulations were adopted at the second meeting on March 30 at Seattle, Washington. In summary the regulations adopted by the Commission and accepted by Canada and the United States for 1948 were as follows: (a) From June 30, 1948, until 6:00 A.M. July 23, 1948, in Canadian waters known as District 1, and those parts of District 3 between Bonilla Point on the Southwest and Lasqueti Island on the North, the minimum mesh allowable for use in any gill-net fishing for salmon was established as being eight inches. (b) Fishing for sockeye in the Canadian Treaty waters at the south end of Vancouver Island and in United States Treaty waters would commence July 18.

69

(c) Fishing for sockeye in other Canadian Treaty waters would com- mence July 28. (d) Week-end closures in Puget Sound were to be of not less than 36 hours duration. (e) A new regulation prohibiting the possession or buying or selling of sockeye in Canadian Treaty waters whenever fishing for sockeye was prohibited went into effect in the 1948 season. (f) Fishing for sockeye in United States waters was to extend only until August 13, 1948. (g) Gill-nets of less than eight inch mesh were prohibited in United States waters between June 1, 1948, and July 18, 1948, and again between August 13, 1948, and September 1, 1948. Two modifications were made in the original recommendations for regulations to be enforced in Canadian waters. One was the addition of 24 hours to the customary 48 hour weekly closed season in those waters of District No. 3 comprising Areas 19, 20 and 21 as far westward as a line projected from Bonilla Point on Vancouver Island to Tatoosh Lighthouse in the State of Washington, commencing with the opening of the sockeye fishing season. The other was the addition of 24 hours to the customary 48 hour weekly closed period in District No. 1 effective August. 2, 1948. The 1948 season production from United States waters was 1,089,000 sockeye and from Canadian waters 752,000 sockeye. In August the catch in United States waters accumulated at such a daily rate that the Commission deemed it advisable to close the season in United States waters two days earlier than anticipated. This closure was effective at the close of August 11, 1948. In spite of the early closure the United States share of the total was 59 per cent and the Canadian share 41 per cent. Fishing effort in United States waters was nearly three times that in 1944, while in Canadian waters it was somewhat less than in 1944. The escapement of early runs increased significantly over that recorded in 1944, particularly to those streams above Hell's Gate.

Comparison of Escapements Beyond Hell's Gate in 1948 and 1944

Stream 1944 1948 Increase

Raft River 1,100 10,500 855% Chilko River and Lake. 329,000 670,000 104% Quesnel 5 50 900% Nechako 3,300 16,000 386% Stuart Lake District (early) 400 12,000 2900% Bowron 1,700 25,000 1370%

70 Considerable numbers of sockeye escaped to spawn in the lower Fraser streams. There were 82,000 sockeye in the Birkenhead, 53,000 sockeye in the Lipper Pitt River, and 60,000 sockeye in the Harrison River. The general increases in the various runs were reflected in the numbers of sockeye taken by the Indians. Whereas 42,820 sockeye were taken in 1944, the Indian catch in 1948 was 86,257, an increase of over 100 per cent. Experiments started in 1947 concerning the selectivity of various gill-net mesh sizes were continued. Definite selectivity of each mesh size as to sex and size was apparent. The basis for establishing an eight-inch minimum mesh during closed season was again substantiated. Further detailed analysis of the data is continuing.

EGG PLANTINGS Eggs taken in the upper Bowron River in 1947 were hatched and reared in hatcheries in Washington State. Of the eggs taken, 48,000 were used in the University of Washington for special research in accelerated growth. The remaining 638,000 eggs were taken first to Samish Hatchery and later transferred to the Skagit Hatchery for rearing. The transfer of the fingerlings in the experiment at the University of Washington began in May, 1948. A special 1,000-gallon tank truck was provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The condition of the roads, the time of year, and highway regulations required that these fish be routed via Leavenworth Hatchery, thence to the Horsefly River. For the last part of the journey from the 150-Mile House to Horsefly, two light fish tanks and trucks were provided by the State of Washington Department of Fisheries. There were 39,358 fingerlings planted from this experiment. The transfer of the fingerlings from Skagit Hatchery direct to the Horsefly River was accomplished with the 1,000-gallon truck in August. The planting from the Skagit Hatchery involved 162,549 fingerlings. These fish were of the 1947 brood year and should return as four-year-old adults. Further exploration of the potential spawning and rearing areas was conducted, particularly in the 'Stuart-Nechako district. Preliminary examina- tion of certain points of difficult passage in the waterway draining the Tweedsmuir Park area was included in this exploration. Tagging operations were continued at Hell's Gate in order to further check the efficiency of the fishways and to obtain additional information regarding passage of sockey-e at the higher water levels. Water levels in 1948 were exceptionally high during the sockeye migration. There were 105 days of water levels at which sockeye would have been blocked in previous years; this compares with 115 days in 1941. No delay was indicated. Observations at the 61-foot level, reached on August 28 and 31, indicated some difficulty of passage which svas not prolonged sufficiently to constitute a delay.

71 FLOOD DAMAGE TO FISHWAYS Flood water conditions throughout the watershed caused some structural damage to the various fishways. The annual maintenance work, however, was greatly increased and made more difficult by the prolonged high water levels and severe winter conditions following. Various access roadways and bridges in and about the fishway areas were damaged or destroyed. The most extensive damage occurred at Hell's Gate. Fishways at that point became submerged on May 15 and did not return to maximum operating level until July 5; the peak depth was reached on May 31 when the structures were under 55 feet of water. During the time of the crest of the flood the access bridge was swept away, roads were scoured out, a small slide occurred from the C.N.R. roadbed on to the deck of the left bank fishway, the concrete mixing plant on the right bank was washed away, various deck gratings were lost or damaged, and large amounts of rock found their way into the fishways. Essential structures lost or destroyed have been replaced or are being reconstructed. Temporary protective work was required in the bed of the Birkenhead River in order to ensure that the preferred spawning areas would not go dry during the winter months and result in a high mortality of eggs. The condition being remedied resulted partly from the flood level conditions and partly from certain construction work going on in the area. The freshet conditions of 1948 and the announced plans for power projects in the watershed accelerated investigations into the problems of multiple water use. A special report was prepared dealing with the Chilko area. The Commission met four times: first in Vancouver, B.C., on January 12, 13 and 14; second on March 30 in Seattle, Washington; third on June 21 and 22 at Ottawa, and fourth on November 29 and 30 at Bellingham, Washington. Olof Hanson was appointed to the Commission on April 8, 1948, succeed- ing the late A. L. Hager. The Canadian members of the Commission were A. J. Whitmore, Secretary; Olof Hanson, and Tom Reid. The American members were Milo Moore, Chairman; Edward W. Allen, and Albert M. Day.

72 THE INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES COMMISSION NDER authority of the Convention of January 29, 1937, between 11 Canada and the United States, the International Fisheries Commission continued the regulation of the Pacific halibut fishery. It carried forward the observations of trends in the fishery and the investigations of the condition of the halibut stocks which are indispensable to intelligent regulation. Meetings of the Commission were held in 1948 at Seattle, Washington, on January 8, 9 and 10, and at Ottawa, Ontario, on June 21, 22 and 23. The January meetings were the customary between-seasons annual conferences. The results of the past season's fishing and investigations were reviewed and the programme for the 1948 season was considered. On the second day a meeting was held with the Halibut Conference Board composed of representatives of the halibut fishing fleets in the various ports. At this meeting the effects of regulation upon the condition of the stocks of halibut were discussed and recommendations for the regulation of the fishery were received. In executive session on the third day, the Commission reviewed the fleet's proposals in the light of its scientific findings and adopted regulations for the 1948 fishing season. During the June meetings, the Commission met with representatives of the governments of Canada and the United States to discuss treaty changes recommended by the Commission in 1946. It also met with the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission and representatives of the two govern- ments to consider administrative and fiscal problems common to both Commissions. The regulations governing halibut fishing in 1948 were approved by the President of the United States on February 27 and by the Governor-General of Canada in Council on March 6 and became effective on the latter date. They were essentially the same as those of 1947, except for the following two changes. The catch limit for Area 2, which includes all fishing grounds between Willapa Harbor in Washington and Cape Spencer in Alaska, was increased from 24,500,000 to 25,500,000 pounds. The description of the nursery area off the northern end of Graham Island was amplified to indicate that the waters of the contiguous Masset Inlet were included. As provided in the regulations, all areas were opened to halibut fishing on May 1. Areas 2 and 1B, including the waters between Cape Blanco in Oregon and Cape Spencer in Alaska, were closed to halibut fishing at

73 midnight, June 1, with the attainment of the Area 2 catch limit. Areas 3, 4 and 1A, including all other convention waters, were closed at midnight, July 11, with the attainment of the Area 3 catch limit. Small landings of halibut continued until midnight, November 15, under a provision of the regulations which allowed setline boats fishing for other species in closed areas to secure permits to retain and land a limited proportion of incidentally caught halibut.

HALIBUT LANDINGS IN 1948 Landings of Pacific halibut from all areas in 1948 amounted to 55,516,000 pounds, approximately 400,000 pounds less than in 1947. The reduction resulted from circumstances beyond Commission control. The landings from the different areas were: 150,000 pounds from Area 1A, south of Cape Blanco, Oregon; 91,000 pounds from Area 1B, between Cape Blanco and Willapa Harbor, Washington; 27,358,000 pounds from Area 2, between Willapa Harbor and Cape Spencer, Alaska, and 27,917,000 pounds from Area 3, between Cape Spencer and the Aleutian Islands. Included' in the above were 896,000 pounds of incidentally caught halibut landed under permit by vessels fishing for other species in areas closed to halibut fishing. No halibut were landed from Area 4, in Bering Sea, during 1948. Landings of the Canadian fleet in 1948 amounted to 19,036,000 pounds of which 14,502,000 were taken in Area 2 and 4,534,000 pounds in Area 3. They constituted 53 per cent and 16 per cent, respectively, of the Area 2 and Area 3 catches. Canadian ports received approximately 40 per cent of the combined Area 2 and Area 3 landings by Canadian and United States vessels. The programme of investigations which the Commission has found neces- sary for the rational control of the fishery was carried forward by the Commission's staff. It included the collection and analysis of current statistical and biological data to determine the effect of regulation upon the stocks of halibut. Special studies were also undertaken to ascertain whether the stocks of halibut were being properly and fully utilized. The abundance of halibut, as measured by the average catch per unit of gear fished, was determined and compared with similar data for earlier years. Analysis of the Area 2 fishing records demonstrated that the supply of halibut there was seven per cent greater in 1948 than in 1947 and 167 per cent greater than in 1930. Area 3 fishing records showed that there had been no measurable change in the size of that stock from 1947 to 1948. When allowances were made for changes in the season and distribution of fishing, an increase of 137 per cent in the size of the Area 3 stock from 1930 to 1948 was indicated. Studies of the changes in the size and age composition of the marketable stocks in Area 2 were made to determine the significance of the general

74 changes in the overall abundance. A total of 11,800 halibut were measured from commercial landings from the Goose Island grounds which supply about 85 per cent and 70 per cent of the Seattle and Vancouver Area 2 catches respectively. An additional 8,000 were measured from landings from upper Hecate Strait where most of the Prince Rupert Area 2 catches originate. Operating conditions made it possible to secure otolith samples, for the determination of ages and age-composition, from the Goose Island catches but not from the Hecate Strait catches. Analysis of the measurements from the Goose Island catdies,- which have in the past reflected the changes in composition of the stock throughout most of Area 2, showed no significant change from 1947 to 1948 in the contribution of the "chicken" (5-10 pounds), "medium" (10-60 pounds), and "large" (over 60 pounds) trade categories. Groups of young which entered the fishery in unusual abundance in 1943 and 1944 were still present in abundance, as large chickens and small mediums, and made up the greater part of the catch. Small chickens were less numerous than in any of the preceding five years. The age composition of these catches revealed that the six, seven, eleven and twelve-year olds were below the average level of abundance of recent years. It suggested that prospects for the 1949 fishing season in Area 2 were less favourable than they had been a year earlier for the 1948 season. A change in the distribution of landings from Area 3 during and since the war interrupted the taking of measurements and age materials from the catches made in that area. To fill this gap in essential information regarding the changes in the Area 3 stock, an analysis of the changes in the proportion of the trade categories in the landings from some fishing grounds in Area 3 was begun. Preliminary results showed a pronounced increase in the propor- tion of large fish and a corresponding decrease in the proportion of mediums from 1942 to 1947. Observations were made upon a recently developed fishery for halibut, conducted by small boats from the salmon gill-net fishery-. Preliminary information was collected regarding the type of setline gear used by these vessels and the sizes of halibut caught by them. No new marking experiments were undertaken in 1948 but marks from recent experiments in Area 2 continued to be recovered. Preliminary analyses of the,se recovered marks or tags suggested that the halibut on some fishing grounds were not being exploited to the same extent as \vere those on others. They also suggested very strongly that the mature section of the stock was not on the fishing grounds during the present short fishing season and was not making a proportionate contribution to the fishery. The results of the marking experiments indicated an urgent need for further study of the utilization of the different sections of the stock under current fishing conditions to determine conclusively whether any sections of the stock were being under-fished and, if so, what steps must be taken to secure full utilization of thena.

75 Members of the Commission for the year under review were: Stewart Bates and George W. Nickerson for Canada; Edward W. Allen and Milton C. James for the United States. Mr. Nickerson acted as Chairman and Mr. James as Secretary.

76 APPENDIX I FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1948-1949 Page Comparative Summary of Expenditures 78 Comparative Details of Expenditure 80 Fisheries Inspection (East—Administration) 82 Patrol Service (East) 83 Protection Service (East) 83 Prairie Provinces (Administration) 83 Fisheries Inspection (West—Administration) 84 Patrol Service (West) 85 Protection Service (West) 85 Summary (Administration, Patrol and Protection) 86 Fisheries Research Board of Canada 87 Divisible Expenditures and Receipts 87 Pribilof Sealing 88 Fishing Bounty 88 Expenditure by Provinces, 194849 90 Fisheries Service Expenditure Since Confederation 91 Revenue Received During Fiscal Year 1948-49 92 Revenue Collected Since Confederation 93

77

COMPARATIVE SUMMARY OF EXPENDITURES, 1948-49

Expenditure Expenditure Increase or Appropriation 1948-49 1947-48 Decrease

ORDINARY EXPENDITURE Departmental Administration $ 288,614.67 $ 197,856.29 ÷ $ 90,758.38 Minister's Salary and Motor Car Allowance 12,000.00 11,289.25 + 710.75 Statutory- Civil Service (Death) Gratuities 400.00 390.00 + 10.00 Fisheries Inspection, including Fishery Officers and Guardians, Fisheries Patrol and Protection Service 2,276,440.82 1,812,802.93 + 463,637.89 Building Fishways and Clearing Rivers 36,648.06 8,335.29 ÷ 28,312.77 Educational Extension Service, including grant of $3,000 to Lunenburg Fisheries Exhibition 129,802.95 30,414.06 + 99,388.89 Fish Culture 330,589.49 277,944.16 -E. 52,645.33 Oyster Culture 45,875.96 33,572.40 ± 12,303.56 Fisheries Research Board of Canada- Operation and Maintenance 954,217.31 788,636.81 ± 165,580.50 Construction and Improvements 201,148.94 33,350.07 ÷ 167,798.87 International Fisheries Commission (Halibut) 26,138.59 28,517.16 — 2,378.57 International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission 98,250.20 91,341.15 + 6,909.05 International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission- Hell's Gate 127,260.62 126,914.93 ± 345.69 [nternational Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission— Acquisition of Lands 1,047.93 — + 1,047.93 ;rant to United Maritime Fishermen's Association 3,000.00 3,000.00 — rorpenses re Pelagic Seal Skins 445,775.92 469,985.76 — 24,209.84 Co provide for the destruction of Harbour Seals 22,997.07 22,820.00 ± 177.07 ?ishing Bounty 158,177.55 159,992.75 — 1,815.20 SPECIAL EXPENDITURE Co provide for the extension of educational work in co- operative producing and selling araong fishermen 76,822.11 65,539.16 ± 11,282.95 'o provide for the administrative expenses of the Fisheries Prices Support Act, 1944 100,148.65 34,336.54 + 65,812.11 'o provide for assistance in the construction of vessels of the drag,ger and/or long liner type, subject to such terms and conditions as may be approved by the Governor in Council 49,372.95 40,504.20 + 8,868.75 'o provide for assistance in the construction of bait freez- ing and storage facilities, subject to the approval of Governor in Council 4,000.00 — + 4,000.00 'o authorize and provide for the Fisheries Prices Support Board to reimburse the Canadian Commercial Corp- oration for Administrative expenses in connection with the purchase of 190,000 cases of East Coast canned fish on behalf of the Fisheries Prices Support Board under Chap. 42, Statutes of 1944 and Order in Council P.C. 1229 dated March 25, 1948 5,435.28 — ± 5,435.28 o provide for assistance in meeting transportation costs of frozen herring that may be purchased in British Columbia by persons, associations or companies for bait in the 1948-49 winter fishery off Nova Scotia 29,250.00 — ± 29,250.00 ems not required in 1948-49. — 77,423.10 — 77,423.10 Grand Total $5,423,415.07 $4,314,966.01 + $1,108,449.06

Balance CURRENT YEAR Balance Open Accounts close of close of 1947-48 Receipts Disbursements 1948-49

Lome AND ADVANCES- (A) Fisheries Prices Support Account $ 12,976.43 $1,186,397.89 $1,173,421.46 B.C. Government- (B) Herring and Pilchard Investigation 217.94 217.95 1,886.12 1,886.11 United States Government-:– (C) Pacific Halibut Treaty 11,309.32 5,757.82 13,945.39 19,496.89 (D) Pacific Salmon Treaty. 49,674.17 48,111.72 67,309.87 68,872.32 (E) Pacific Salmon Treaty (Hell's Gate) 30,120.95 16,059.70 86,593.99 100,655.24 $91,322.38 $ 83,123.62 $1,356,133.26 $1,364,332.02 FLOATING DEBT- (F) Outstanding Imprest Account Cheques 257.09 Cr 257.09 Cr. DEPOSIT AND TRUST ACCOUNTS- (G) Contractors' Security Account 8,969.78 Cr 22,389.05 8,819.78 22,539.05 Cr. (H) Atlantic Herring Investigation 2,674.28 Cr 6 ,282.15 61,063.53 1,892.90 Cr. PENSION AND RETIREMENT FUNDS- (I) Retirement Fund—Fisheries 1,279.80 53.65 1,226.15 Cr. SUNDRY SUSPENSE ACCOUNTS- (I) Dept. of Fisheries—Suspense 12,347.44 12,347.44 Cr. (K) Unclaimed Drafts Suspense 35.00 Cr, 35.00 Cr. (L) Unclaimed Cheques Suspense 2,744.55 Cr 90.30 8.45 2,826.40 Cr. $76,641.68 $179,512.36 $1,426,078.67 $1,323,207.99

Explanation of Open Accounts

A P.C. 1229 of March 25, 1948 and P.C. 1/2255 of May 18, 1948 authorized the Fisheries Prices Support Board to purchase not more than 190,000 cases of East Coast canned fish for the purpose of assisting the fishing industry in post war readjustment. Under agreement between the Fisheries Research Board of Canada and the Province of British Columbia, the province contributes certain sums to defray a portion of the expenses incurred by the Pacific Biological Station at Nanaimo, B.C. on herring and pilchard investigation. Under the Pacific Halibut Treaty, the United States Government pays one half of the expenses incurred by the International Fisheries Commission. D Under the Pacific Salmon Treaty, the United States Government pays one half of the expenses incurred by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission. Under the Pacific Salmon Treaty, the United States Government pays one half of the expenses incurred by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission in connection with Hell's Gate Fishway. The funds, covering Imprest Account cheques which remain uncashed after one year, are withdrawn from the Imprest Accounts and credited to this account. G This account represents cash deposits received from contractors, such deposits to be returned upon satis- factory completion of the contracts concerned. H The Atlantic Herring Investigation Committee was set up in 1944 by the Governments of Canada, Newfound- land, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Quebec, each contributing a pre-determined share of expenses. Canada's share during 194.8-49 was $12,000.00 subject to a return of a portion of the amount unexpended at the close of the fiscal year. Retirement Fund was formerly administered by the Superannuation Branch, Department of Finance. Jan- uary 1, 1949 administration of the fund became the responsibility of the Comptroller of the Treasury. Certain adjustments in respect to prior contributions will be made in this account in 1949-50. Receipts which cannot be allocated immediately are credited to this account pending clearance to the proper accounts. Receiver General Drafts which cannot be a llocated immediately are credited to this account pending clearance to the proper accounts. All cheques which remain undelivered six months are credited to this account.

79

COMPARATIVE DETAILS OF EXPENDITURE, 1948-49

Expenditure Expenditure Increase or Description 1948-49 1947-48 Decrease

Departmental Administration— Salaries and Wages $ 246,535.38 $ 173,466.23 + 73,069.15 Allowances 300.00 — + 300.00 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 14,162.17 6,359.51 + 7,802.66 Travelling Expenses 14,879.93 7,702.17 + 7,177.76 Sundries 12,737.19 10,328.38 + 2,408.81 288,614.67 197,856.29 + 90,758.38 Fisheries Inspection, including Fishery Officers and Guardians, Fisheries Patrol and Protection Service— Salaries and Wages. 1,354,365.01 1,090,847.33 + 263,517.68 Allowances (Board for Crews) 45,990.77 40,282.68 -I- 5,708.09 Allowances (Living) 3,493.28 — + 3,493.28 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 42,291.85 19,105.82 + 23,186.03 Travelling Expenses 244,347.51 213,034.89 + 31,312.62 Supplies, etc., Patrol and Protection Boats 288,578.59 286,272.86 + 2,305.73 Repairs to Patrol and Protection Boats 106,005.95 78,502.27 + 27,503.68 Acquisition of Vessels and Vessel Equipment 116,358.89 — ± 116,358.89 Acquisition of Land and/or Construction of Buildings, Works and Structures 180.95 — + 180.95 Sundries 74,828.02 84,757.08 — 9,929.06 2,276,440.82 1,812,802.93 ± 463,637.89 Buildings Fishways and Clearing Rivers- Wages 11,365.06 1,362.00 + 10,003.06 Travelling Expenses 5,344.18 1,398.74 + 3,945.44 Sundries 19.938.82 5,574.55 + 14,364.27 36,648.06 8,335.29 -I- 28,312.77 Educational Extension Service— Salaries and Wages 7,453.39 6,315.00 ± 1,138.39 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 24,941.24 5,366.57 + 19,574.67 Travelling Expenses 7,599.30 3,797.75 + 3,801.55 Supplies and Materials 46,106.88 2,264.99 ± 43,841.89 Advertising 38,935.68 — ± 38,935.68 Grant to Lunenburg Fisheries Exhibition 3,000.00 3,000.00 — Sundries 1,766.46 9,669.75 — 7,903.29 129,802.95 30,414.06 + 99,388.89 ish Culture— Salaries and Wages . 155,479.68 140,627.85 ± 14,851.83 Allowances in lien of dwellings 255.29 373.61 — 118.32 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 947.77 840.69 ± 107.08 Travelling Expenses 11,772.17 9,405.53 ÷ 2,366.64 Supplies 77,835.63 59,440.97 -I- 18,394.66 Repairs and Upkeep of Buildings, Works and Structures 33,357.30 36,784.42 — 3,427.12 Construction of Buildings, Works and Structures 37,436.66 20,306.52 + 17,130.14 Sundries 13,504.99 10,164.57 ± 3,340.42 330,589.49 277,944.16 ± 52,645.33 lyster Culture— Salaries and Wages 1 29,843.54 22,702.09 + 7,141.45 Travelling Expensed' 6,823.79 4,611.69 + 2,212.10 Acquisition of Land and/or Construction of Buildings, Works and Structures 1,606.50 — + 1,606.50 Sundries I ' 7,602.13 6,258.62 ± 1,343.51 45,875.96 33,572.40 ± 12,303.56 isheries Research Board of Canada- Operation and Maintenance— Salaries and Wages. 592,764.28 483,673.85 + 109,090.43 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 18,979.23 15,812.04 + 3,167.19 Travelling Expenses 79,344.91 Materials 65,898.08 + 13,446.83 and Supplies 94,112.79 — + 94,112.79 Acquisition of Equipment 43,914.98 Special — ± 43,914.98 Field Researches 12,152.56 — + 12,152.56 Laboratory Maintenance and Operation 33,726.34 Vessels — + 33,726.34 Maintenance and Operation 24,590.03 — + 24,590.03 Contribution to Atlantic Herring Investigation Committee 12,000.00 Sundries.. — + 12,000.00 42,632.09 223,252.84 — 180,620.65 954,217.31 788,636.81 -1-- 165,580.50

80

Expenditure Expenditure Increase or Description 1948-49 1947-48 Decrease

International Fisheries Commission (Halibut)— Salaries and Wages 19,311.30 20,069.42 — 758.12 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 617.20 • 697.01 — 79.81 Travelling Expenses 2,792.68 2,558.61 ÷ 234.07 Sundries 3,417.41 5,192.12 — 1,774.71

26,138.59 28,517.16 — 2,378.57 International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission— Salaries and Wages 61,799.21 38,397.01 + 23,402.20 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 2,088.27 1,416.87 ± 671.4 Travelling Expenses 6,927.14 4,468.47 + 2,458.67 Sundries 27,435.58 47,058.80 — 19,623.22

98,250.20 91,341.15 -I- 6,909.05 Fisheries Prices Support Act Administrative Expenses- Salaries and Wages 63,191.03 15,414.31 + 47,776.72 Allowances 5,592.50 4,400.00 -1- 1,192.50 Printing, Stationery and Office Equipment 3,254.00 2,027.93 ± 1226.07 Travelling Expenses 26,225.46 12,106 08 -I- 14,11.:9.38 Sundries 1,885.66 388.22 -I- 1,497.44 $ 100,148.65 $ 34,336.54 + $ 65,812.11

FISHERIES INSPECTION INCLUDING FISHERY OFFICERS AND GUARDIANS, FISHERIES PATROL AND PROTECTION SERVICE DISTRIBUTION OF EXPENDITURE BY DIVISION AND ESTABLISHMENT EAST—ADMINISTRATION

INSPECTORS GUARDIANS GENERAL Miscellaneous Administra. Permanent Temporary Other Temporary Other tive Permanent Temporary Other Total Salaries ' Assistance Expenditure Assistance Expenditure Expenses Salaries Assistance Expenditure

NOVA SCOTIA Inverness-Victoria $ 10,410.00 $ 12,795.00 $ 9,387.66 $ 21,112.69 $ 668.48 $ 64.26 $ 54,438.09 Richmond—Cape Breton 9,870.00 9,270.00 7,484.09 6,031.18 7.75 10.00 32,673.02 Cumberland—Colchester- Hanta 10,500.00 11,755.00 8,850.02 7,996.32 921.97 254.46 40,277.77 Pictou—Antigonish- Guysborough 10,320.00 16,145.00 9,785.26 7,196.33 799.49 25.00 44,271.08 Halifax 9,870.00 15,919.52 7,989.08 5,286.14 121.45 52.63 39,238.82 Lunenburg—Queens 6,674.44 13,085.00 8,091.13 21,952.50 3,010.36 309.40 53,122.83 Shelburne—Yarmouth 5,430.00 17,657.58 8,366.53 6,958.08 19.84 920.03 39,352.06 Digby—Annapolis—Kings 9,870.00 9,240.00 10,117.76 6,642.71 17.83 35,888.30 • General $ 11,726.61 $ 7,486.62 8 14,894.56 34,107.79 PRINrE EDWARD ISLAND Prince 7,890.00 8,475.00 8,122.63 6,812.00 891.96 465.50 32,657.09 Queens 5,660.00 6,885.00 4,586.52 1,333.53 715.45 644.49 .19,794.99 Kings 2,710.00 5,835.00 4,403.11 989.30 497.55 35,75 14,470.71 General 8,640.00 3,000.24 4,301.13 15,941.37

NEW BRUNSWICK Restigouche—Gloucester 7,920.00 20,280.08 11,800.32 4,789.01 670.79 500.20 45,960.40 Northumberland 10,830.00 14,475.00 12,459.47 17,170.94 1,020.85 995.32 56,951.58 Kent—Albert—West- morland 5,430.00 19,875.81 9,772.95 ' 9,949.55 1,697.71 1,249.05 47,975.07 St. John—Charlotte 10,410.00 13,196.41 9,467.74 6,310.78 140.40 796.43 40,321.76 Kings—Queens—Sunbury —Y ork—Carleton- Victoria—Madawaska 7,750.00 11,199.00 7,681.99 21,593.05 613.05 37.10 48,874.19 General 6,740.00 10,796.64 9,584.23 27,120.87 EAST General Account 19,581.50 17,871.00 30,399.82 67,852.32 Fishing Curing Inspection Service 8,860.00 3,730.29 12,410.29 Canned Fish Inspection Laboratory 4,000.00 52,055.96 27,101.76 83,157.72

QUEBEC General 1,091.29 1,091.29 $131,544.44 $206,058.40 $138,366.26 $152,124.11 $ 11,814.93 8 6,359.62 $ 59,368.11 $ 91,210.46 $ 91,103.08 8887,949.41

EAST - PATROL SERVICE

Permanent Temporary Other Salaries Assistance Expenditure Totals

NOVA SCOTIA A. Halkett $ 2,478.14 $ 6,287.62 $ 5,783.48 $ 14,549.24 Capelin 2,624.89 5,374.79 1,698.15 9,697.83 Gilbert 2,624.89 4,020.10 1,887.88 8,532.87 Yenning 146.75 4,326.88 3,259.30 7,732.93 Mya 10,195.84 10,195.84 Chartered Boats 2,217.66 2,754.15 4,971.81 Air Patrol 90.00 90.00 General 27,843.30 27,843.30 PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Capitol 3,036.38 1,465.42 4,501.80 Hazel M 1,020.00 366.13 1,386.13 Chartered Boats 4,730.41 4,258.36 8,988.77 Air Patrol 559.70 559.70 General 55.91 55.91 NEW BRUNSWICK Gannett Rock II 4,709.78 365.00 1,983.65 7,058.43 Fundy Rover 5,029.78 3,908.95 9,716.07 18,654.80 Straits Rover 4,340.94 18,927.47 23,268.41 Chartered Boats 9,373.95 10,511.54 19,885.49 Air Patrol 108.00 108.00 General 584.95 584.95

EAST M 201 365.00 4,727.88 5,092.88 General Account 22,113.17 22,113.17

Totals $17,614.23 $49,367.68 8128.890.35 $195,872.26

EAST -- PROTECTION SERVICE

Permanent Temporary Other Salaries Assistance Allowances Expenditure Totals

Cygnus $5,018.78 $51,583.62 $9,806.16 $43,444.23 $109,852.79

PRAIRIE PROVINCES - ADMINISTRATION

Permanent Temporary Other Salaries Assistance Expenditure Totals

Inspectors $4,080.00 $14,522.09 $ 2,278.00 $20,880.09 Guardians 1,527.00 11,583.02 13,110.02 Miscellaneous Administrative Expenses 245.10 245.10 General Account 3,484.82 20,265.25 23,750.07 $4,080.00 $19,533.91 $34,371.37 $57,985.28

83

FISHERIES INSPECTION WEST — ADMINISTRATION

SUPERVISORS AND INSPECTORS GUARDIANS GENERAL Miscellaneous Administra. Permanent Temporary Other Temporary Other tive Permanent Temporary Other Totals Salaries Assistance Expenditure Assistance Expenditure Expenses Salaries Assistance Expenditure

BRITISH COLUMBIA

District No. 1 $ 14,273.33 $ 20,210.65 $ 17,813.52 $ 8,061.41 $ 5,120.86 $ 85.63 $ 65,565.40

District No. 2 16,335.00 38,531.53 30,126.91 17,240.86 1,868.48 4,191.23 108,294.01

District No. 3 18,324.67 43,826.13 18,464.63 6,111.72 1,980.21 1,660.69 90,368.05

Canned Salmon Inspection Office 7,410.00 5,324.91 7,012.87 19,747.78

General Account 15,780.00 21,500.23 22,691.94 59,972.17 $ 49,933.00 $102,568.31 $ 66,405.06 $ 31,413.99 $ 8,969.55 $ 5,937.55 $ 23,190.00 $ 26,825.14 $ 29,704.81 $343,947.41

WEST - PATROL SERVICE

Permanent Temporary Other Salaries Assistance Expenditures Totals

DISTRICT No. 1 Humming Bird $ 7.50 $ 7.50 Swan Tail No. 2 $ 3,450.78 $ 2,965.40 1,496.46 7,912.64 Vedder River 4,321.56 2,229.62 2,686.90 9,238.08 F.D. 101 5,041.56 1,779.62 2,087.16 8,908.34 F.D. 102 3,711.49 1,400.17 5,111.66 Arrow Post 491.56 123.11 1.93 616.60 Nelson Post 160.97 160.97 General Account 360.93 360.93 DISTRICT No. 2 Babine No. 1 875.00 281.80 1,156.80 Babine No. 2 1,134.68 104.42 1,239.10 Beldis 3,289.65 2,200.19 5,489.84 Bonila Rock No. 2 2,290.37 3,434.99 5,725.36 Clupea 4,094.50 2,043.72 3,299.82 9,438.04 Onerka No. 2 744.00 3,837.36 3,832.48 8,413.84 Minktrap Bay.. 560.00 66.96 626.96 F.D. 201 2,166.34 1,667.75 3,834.09 F.D. 202 2,119.18 1,685.04 3,804.22 Sooke Post 323.11 323.11 Babine Post 151.78 95.00 246.78 Nicola Post 150.00 150.00 Chile° Post 354.82 354.82 Agonus 235.97 18,565.04 18,801.01 Skeena 741.53 741.53 Chartered Boats 35,352.76 33,729.28 69,082.04 General Account 1,085.07 1,085.07 DISTRICT No. 3 Black Raven No. 2 6,317.75 3,119.26 9,437.01 Egret Plume No. 2 90.92 6,826.57 3,165.52 10,083.01 Pursepa 6,258.87 5,338.88 11,597.75 Stuart Post 310.78 203.34 18.50 532.62 Atlin Post 134.75 510.23 644.98 Comox Post 45.00 114.89 159.89 Pholus 2,367.50 1,984.82 4,352.32 Diaphus 2,367.50 2,180.27 4,547.77 Chartered Boats 37,933.98 28,176.24 66,110.22 General Account 1,299.53 1,299.53 C. General Account 325.60 325.60 SUMS. BOATS Digby Island 3,045.78 4,118.90 1,908.59 9,073.27 Poplar Island 3,005.78 19,344.76 4,969.64 27,320.18 AIR SERVICES District No. 1 796.25 796.25 District No. 2 19,803.00 19,803.00 District No. 3 21,381.50 21,381.50

$24,928.75 $152,001.49 $173,363.99 $350,294.23

WEST - PROTECTION SERVICE

Permanent Temporary Other Salaries Assistance Expenditure Totals

Kitimat $ 9,232.55 $ 12,262.23 $ 25,231.35 $ 46,726.13 Laurier 6,795.08 23,579.44 43,433.82 73,808.34 Howay 10,294.27 19,345.25 40,805.56 70,445.08 Arrow Post 2,730.00 5,466.64 7,619.00 15,815.64 Chilco Post 2,280.00 7,838.30 8,887.37 19,005.67 Sooke Post 8,322.14 7,805.75 16,127.89 Sabine Post 2,295.97 6,287.74 6,973.53 15,557.24 Nicola Post 10,595.92 11,284.74 21,880.66 Stuart Post 2,580.00 5,826.00 5,754.70 14,160.70 Atlin Post 10,590.60 11,227.01 21,817.61 14,769.47 Comox Post • 2,112.50 6,373.44 6,283.53 General 425.01 425.01 $38,320.37 $116,487.70 $175,731.37 $330,539.44

85 SUMMARY

Prince Nova Edward New British Scotia Island Brunswick Quebec Manitoba Columbia Totals

EAST Administration $457,562.83 $101,598.81 $327,470.76 $ 1,317.01 8 887,949.41 Patrol Service 97,135.39 17,935.97 80,800.90 195,872.26 Protection Service 36,617.60 36,617.59 36,617.60 109,852.79

WEST-

Administration 343,947.41 343,947.41 Patrol Service 350,294.23 350,294.23

Protection Service 330,539.44 330,539.44

PRAIRIE PROVINCES - Administration 57,985.28 57,985.28

Totals $591,315.82 $156,152.37 8444,889.26 $ 1,317.01 $ 57,935.28 $1,024,781.08 $2,276,440.82

FISHERIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA (OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE) EXPENDITURE 1948-49

From From Vote Receipts Total

Atlantic Biological Station, St. Andrews, N.B. $208,770.09 $208,770.09 Atlantic Biological Station, Ellerslie, P.E.I. 11,010.13 11,010.13 Atlantic Experimental Station, Halifax, N.S. 129,144.64 129,144.64 Gaspe Experimental Station, Grand River, Que 62,998.02 62,998.02 Atlantic Herring Investigation. 12,000.00 12,000.00 Central Fisheries Research Station, Winnipeg, Man. 37,602.23 37,602.23 Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C. 270,231.17 270,231.17 Pacific Experimental Station, Vancouver, B.C. 121,438.55 121,438.55 Marine Survey, Eastern Arctic 19,726.89 19,726.89 Le Have River Management Project 6,500.00 6,500.00 Northwest Territories Investigation 3,296.47 3,296.47 General: A. G. Huntsman 13,953.44 13,953.44 Administration 57,545.68 6,284.59 63,830.27 $954,217.31 $6,284.59 $960,501.90

DIVISIBLE EXPENDITURES AND RECEIPTS, 1948-49

Receipts Balance from due from Cross Canada's United States United States United States Expenditure Share Share Government Government

Pacific Halibut Treaty $ 51,199.21 $ 26,138.59 $ 25,060.62 $11,117.85 $ 13,942.77 Pacific Salmon Treaty 195,154.76 98,250.20 96,904.56 29,594.68 67,309.88 Pacific Salmon Treaty (Hell's Gate) 250,767.91 127,260.62 123,507.29 36,913.30 86,593.99

Totals $497,121.88 $251,649.41 $245,472.47 $77,625.83 $167,846.64

NOTE: Canada's share is hig.her than the United States' share by reason of non-divisible expenses and certain credits to the United States on account of previous years' expenditure.

87

PRIBILOF SEALING STATEMENT OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE, 1948-49

RECEIPTS FROM SALES: June —4034 skins $286,835.40 October —3348 slcins 178,506.30 November —3356 skins 206,447.50 December — 250 skins 13,663.50 February —3310 skins 188,165.00 March — 689 skins 28,299.62

Total Receipts $901,917.32

EXPENDITURES: • Dressing and Dyeing $177,743.30 Cases and Packing 484.68 Blubbering 1,552.38 Freight 6,683.59 Customs duties and Sales Tax 227,119.42 Customs Brokerage 181.48 Commissions on Sales 31,567.14 Travelling Expenses 443.93

Total Expenditure $445,775.92

DISPOSAL OF SEAL SKINS 1948-49 Skins on hand on March 31, 1948 17,053 Sales during 1948-49 14,987 Canada's share of 1948 catch 14,028 On hand March 31, 1949— C. W. Martin & Sons-1947 catch— 20 1948 catch— 2806 Fouke Fur Co. —1947 catch— 2046 1948 catch-11222. 16,094 31,081 31,081

STATEMENT OF FISHING BOUNTY FOR THE SEASON 1948

The basis of distribution for 1948 was as follows: 1. To owners of Vessels entitled to receive Bounty, One Dollar per registered ton, payment to the Owner of any one Vessel not to exceed Eighty Dollars. 2. To Vessel Fishermen entitled to receive Bounty, Eight Dollars and Thirty Cents each. 3. To Owners of boat measuring not less than twelve foot keel, One Dollar per Boat. 4. To Boat Fishermen entitled to receive Bounty, Eight Dollars and Thirty Cents each. Payments for the Season of 1948 amounted in all to- $158,177.55

Allotted as follows: To 976 Vessels and their Crews- $ 46,741.30 To 7661 Boats and their Crews- 111,436.25 $158,177.55

88

1948 FISHING BOUNTY STATEMENT

Average Province and County Boats Men Amount Vessels Tons Tons Men Amount Total Amount NOVA SCOTIA Annapolis 182 255 $ 2,298.50 1 11 11 2 $ 27.60 $ 2,326.10 Antigonish 82 108 978.40 978.40 Cape Breton 207 332 2,960.85 74 1,112 15 250 3,187.00 6,147.85 Cumberland 13 16 144.40 144.40 Digby 290 488 4,340.40 50 567 11 107 1,455.10 5,795.50 Guysboro 404 596 5,349.75 55 751 13 150 1,996.00 7,345.75 Halifax 744 1,025 9,248.35 36 595 16 155 1,881.50 11,129.85 Inverness 99 195 1,715.40 24 296 12 91 1,051.30 2,766.70 Kings 54 73 659.90 1 10 10 1 18.30 678.20 Lunenburg 574 689 6,290.60 53 2,206 41 723 8,207.50 14,498.10 Pictou 6 10 89.00 89.00 Queens. 145 214 1,920.85 28 403 14 68 967.40 2,888.25 Richmond 256 465 4,115.50 34 423 12 100 1,253.15 5,368.65 Shelburne 508 841 7,487.60 206 2,909 14 630 8,138.45 15,626.05 Victoria 131 197 1,765.75 14 177 12 47 567.10 2,332.85 Yarmouth 143 296 2,599.80 76 1,148 15 281 3,480.45 6,080.25

Total 3,838 5,800 $ 51,965.05 652 10,608 16 2,605 $32,230.85 $ 84,195.90

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND o Kings 216 291 $ 2,628.85 3 140 47 8 $ 207.00 $ 2,835.85 g7) Prince 435 721 6,415.10 6,415.10 Queens 131 245 2,162.40 2,162.40 - Total 782 1,257 $ 11,206.35 3 140 47 8 $ 207.00 $ 11,413.35

NEW BRUNSWICK Charlotte 118 225 1,985.50 29 429 14 114 1,375.80 3,361.30 Gloucester 386 716 6,327.75 98 1,953 20 402 5,290.35 11,618.10 Kent 153 243 2,169.90 27 339 12 59 828.85 2,998.75 Northumberland 34 67 590.10 38 433 11 77 1,080.55 1,670.65 Restigouche 3 5 44.50 • 44.50 Saint John 11 20 177.00 177.00 Westmorland 52 94 831.85 831.85 Total.. 757 1,370 $ 12,126.60 192 3,154 16 652 $ 8,575.55 $ 20,702.15

QUEBEC Bonaventure 217 422 $ 3,713.65 27 349 13 106 $ 1,228.80 $ 4,942.45 Gaspe 1,208 2,195 19,401.65 102 1,410 14 372 4,499.10 23,900.75 Magdalen Islands 167 392 3,419.90 3,419.90 Matane 19 26 234.80 234.80 Saguenay 673 1,048 9,368.25 9,368.25 - _ Total 2,284 4,083 $ 36,138.25 129 1,759 14 478 $ 5,727.90 $ 41,866.15 - Grand Total 7,661 12,510 $111,436.25 976 15,661 16 3,743 $46,741.30 $158,177.55 NOTE: A number of late claims amounting in a I to $1,858.05 and which are included in this statement are for the season of 1947. As the basis of distribution for 1947 differed from that of 1948 a number of figures in the "Amount" column do not as a result balance with a number of claims paid.

EXPENDITURE BY PROVINCES, 1948-49

Prince Northwest Nova Edward New Mani- Saskat- British Terri. General Scotia Island Brunswick Quebec Ontario toba chewan Alberta Columbia tories Total

Departmental Administration...... 288,614.67 288,614.67 Minister's Salary and Motor Car Allowance 12,000.00 12,000.00 Statutory—Civil Service (Death) Gratuities 400.00 400.00 Fisheries Inspection, etc 591,315.82 156,152.37 444,889.26 1,317.01 57,985.28 1,024,781.08 2,276,440.82 Building Fishways and Clearing Rivers 1,158.25 991.74 7,228.20 27,269.87 36,648.06 Educational Extension Service 125,537.70 4,087.52 177.73 129,802.95 Fish Culture 17,208.28 123,889.89 13,781.44 175,709.88 330,589.49 Oyster Culture 18.09 10,013.59 26,899.84 8,944.44 •• 45,875.96 Fisheries Research Board of Canada- Operation and Maintenance 71,499.12 133,144.64 15,010.13 219,270.09 69,998.02 37,602.23 391,669.72 23,023.36 954,217.31 Construction and Improvements. 154,952.05 46,196.89 201,148.94 International Fisheries Commission (Halibut) 26,138.59 26,138.59 International Pacific Salmon Fish- eries Commission 98,250.20 98,250.20 International Pacific Salmon Fish- eries Commission (Hell's Gate).. 127,260.62 127,260.62 International Pacific Salmon Fish- eries Commission— Acquisition of Land 1,047.93 1,047.93 Grant to United Maritime Fisher- men's Association 1,000.00 1,000.00 1,000.00 3,000.00 Expenses re: Pelagic Seal Skins .... 445,775.92 445,775.92 Destruction of Harbour Seals 5,870.00 880.00 2,505.00 13,742.07 22,997.07 Fishing Bounty 84,195.90 11,413.35 20,702.15 41,866.15 158,177.55 Extension of Educational Work in Co-Operative Producing and Sell- ing among Fishermen 28,952.15 3,848.38 13,195.15 22,914.90 7,911.53 76,822.11 Administrative Expenses- Fisheries Prices Support Board.. 64,052.01 5,161.22 209.00 9,084.58 3,908.97 2,055.89 632.77 1,955.74 412.95 12,675.52 100,148.65 Assistance in construction of Vessels of Dragger and/or Long Liner type 49,372.95 49,372.95 Assistance in construction of bait freezing and storage facilities. 4,000.00 4,000.00 Authorize and provide for Fisheries Prices Support Board to reim- burse Canadian Commercial Cor- poration for certain administra- tive expenses 5,435.28 5,435.28 Assistance in meeting transportation costs of frozen B.C. herring 29,250.00 29,250.00 1,060,949.32 992,622.47 229,194.51 951,901.70 133,005.05 2,233.62 96,220.28 1,955.74 412.95 1,885,699.18 69,220.25 5,423,415.07

ANNUAL EXPENDITURE OF THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON ACCOUNT OF FISHERIES SERVICE SINCE CONFEDERATION

.. Fisheries Development of Fisheries Fish Fish Research Deep Sea Fishing Prices Sundry Year Inspection, etc. Culture Board Fisheries, etc. Bounty Support Board Services Total

To 1947-48 $42,346,554.95 $12,789,061.66 $7,020,818.59 $2,564,149.10 $10,466,005.02 $ 34,336.54 $79,015,008.70 $154,235,934.56 1948-49 2,276,440.82 330,589.49 1,155,366.25 129,802.95 158,177.55 100,148.65 1,272,889.36 5,423,415.07

Total $44,622,995.77 $13,119,651.15 $8,176,184.84 $2,693,952.05 $10,624,182.57 $134,485.19 $80,287,898.06 $159,659,349.63

EXPENDITURE OF FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON ACCOUNT OF FISHERIES SINCE CONFEDERATION

SUMMARY BY PROVINCES General $ 10,308,324.34 Nova Scotia 29,962,344.76 Prince Edward Island 4,742,128.16 New Brunswick 14,871,306.12 Quebec 9,246,450.70 Ontario 4,220,850.75 Manitoba 2,041,109.25 Manitoba and Northwest Territories 24,771.76 Saskatchewan 582,186.94 Alberta 642,852.75 British Columbia 82,750,472.39 Northwest Territories 233,877.12 Yukon Territory 32,674.59 Total $159,659,349.63 REVENUE RECEIVED DURING FISCAL YEAR 1948-49

Prince General Nova Edward New British Yukon Northwest Class of Revenue . Total Account Scotia Island Brunswick Ontario Manitoba Columbia Territory Territories

PRIVILEGES, LICENCES AND PERMITS- Fishing Licences $ 55,595.75 $11,147.75 $1,290.75 $10,406.25 $3,265.00 $27,570.00 $1,471.00 $445.00 Modus Vivendi Licences 239.00 96.00 143.00 Oyster Leases 3,089.47 342.93 1,750.21 996.33 Trawler Licences 3,500.00 3,500.00 Rentals. (of Lands and Buildings 5,056.60 3,678.78 318.50 1,058.32 1.00

PROCEEDS FROM SALES- Sealskins 901,917.32 $901,917.32 Fingerlings and Fish Fry 1,106.90 11.25 75.50 1,020.15 Oyster Spats, etc 2,581.91 2,581.91 Sundry Sales 2,326.75 576.14 70.00 1,680.61

3ERVICES AND SERVICE FEES- Canned Salmon Inspection Fees 6,596.43 6,596.43 Canned Herring Inspection Fees 340.40 340.40 Miscellaneous Services 126.10 124.60 1.50

IEFUNDS OF PREVIOUS YEARS' EXPENDITURE 7,356.07 6,635.90 46.67 42.49 34.29 $353.60 78.83 164.29

VIISCELLANEOUS- Fines and Forfeitures Fisheries Act-Fines 16,820.08 2,437.00 1,679.00 3,712.00 8,992.08 -Forfeitures 9,337.19 36.00 121.50 572.00 8,607.69 Northern Pacifie Halibut Protection Act 17.71 17.71 Sundries 2.03 .63 .05 .20 1.15

Grand Total $1,016,009.71 $901,129.99 $21,421.03 $7,931.56 $17,799.34 $353.60 $3,343.83 $54,114.36 $1,471.00 $445.00

REVENUE COLLECTED ANNUALLY BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON ACCOUNT OF THE FISHERIES SERVICE SINCE CONFEDERATION

Fisheries Revenue and Fines and Pelagic Sealing Year Forfeitures Casual Revenue Revenue Sundry Revenue Total

To 1947-48 $6,371,314.51 $323,981.16 $5,662,641.11 $5,240,513.49 $17,598,450.27 1948-49 95,662.13 18,428.23 901,917.32 2.03 1,016,009.71

Totals 86,466,976.64 $342,409.39 $6,564,558.43 $5,240,515.52 $18,614,459.98

REVENUE COLLECTED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ON ACCOUNT OF THE FISHERIES SERVICE SINCE CONFEDERATION SUMMARY BY PROVINCES General $11,425,041.07 Nova Scotia 944,384.30 Prince Edward Island 245,373.94 New Brunswick 806,749.24 Quebec 359,758.46 Ontario 561,559.44 Manitoba 339,344.50 Manitoba and Northwest Territories 7,416.45 Hudson Bay District 1,192.88 Saskatchewan 95,152.41 Alberta 234,710.87 British Columbia 3,558,365.89 Northwest Territories 13,287.78 Yukon Territory 22,122.75 Total $18,614,459.98 APPENDIX II

WESTERN DIVISION STATEMENTS, 1948-1949 Page B.C. Annual Production of Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 95 Pack of the Naas River, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 96 Pack of the Skeena River, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 97 Pack of Rivers and Smiths Inlets, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 98 Pack of the Fraser River District, Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 99 Pack of Puget Sound, U.S.A., Canned Salmon, 1938-1948 100 Halibut Landings in B.C., 1938-1948 100 Pilchard Pack Canned in B.C., 1938-1948 100 Fish Oil and Meal Production in B.C., 1938-1948 100 Whales Landed in B.C., 1938-1948 101 Licensed B.C. Salmon Canneries and Fishing Gear, 1938-1943 101 Pack of Sockeye Salmon from Runs to Fraser River, 1938-1948 102 Packs of Canned Salmon, 1938-1948, with Grading 102 Statement of B.C. Fishery Licences, 1948 103 Provincial Plant Licences, 1948 Season 104 Salmon Caught by Purse-Seine in 1948 105 Species of Salmon and Methods of Capture, 1948 Season 106 Fish Liver and Fish. Viscera, 1948 106 Salmon Spawning Report for B.C., 1948 107

94

B.C. ANNUAL CANNED SALMON PRODUCTION, 1938-1948

Num- Number of salmon licences Packed canned ber of issued can- Year neries oper- Red Pink White Blue- Steel- ated G.N. Troll P.S. D.S. T.N. Sockeye Spring Spring Spring back head Coho Pink Chum Totals

cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases

1938.... 38 7,125 3,453 300 9 5 447,453 10,276 2,322 2,933 27,417 1,035 273,706 400,876 541,812 1,707,830 1939.... 35 6,502 3,947 339 9 5 269,888 10,302 2,848 2,947 48,209 797 196,887 620,595 386,584 1,539,057 1940.... 38 6,392 3,222 350 9 5 366,403 11,868 2,856 3,017 23,277 1,205 201,467 213,911 643,443 1,467,227 1941*... 36 5,502 3,080 333 9 5 455,297 17,794 3,911 28,771 30,027 3,454 361,380 427,766 920,470 2,248,870 ■.C) 1942.... 30 6,382 3,878 312 9 5 666,571% 11,19734 3,826 9,721 23,265% 4,649 187,873% 270,62234 633,834 1,811,560 4 1943.... 30 6,04.3 4,346 290 9 5 164,889 4,171% 2,199 4,28734 14,059% 3,095 171,983 530,1883 363,3473 1,258,22134 1944.... 30 5,426 4,483 293 10 5 247,714 3,663% 2,368 13,33031 12,464 3,926 4 169,08234 389,692 255,316% 1,097,5573 1945.... 29 5,646 4,764 312 9 5 329,001% 3,666% 2,686 6,44.7 3 6,670 2,922 212,217 825,512% 350,188 1,739,311 1946.... 31 7,346 5,727 348 9 5 543,027 3,912% 1,305 2,823 2,914 4,115% 97,240% 116,60734 576,1333-i 1,348,1383 1947.... 30 5,343 4,977 357 9 5 286,109 3,840% 2,596% 3,496 4,545 3,268% 139,620 599,882% 461,799% 1,505,15734 1948.... 27 6,074 4,828 389 9 5 260,64234 10,002 1,555% 4,881 20,30634 5,665% 186,8093 321,721% 496,553 1,308,137

*Does not include Salmon canned in 1941 from cold storage stocks caught in 1940, particulars of which are given hereunder:-

8 31 1,079 39,104 6,339 46,561

NOTE.-Licences issued include transfers from one district to another, except in the case of purse-seines.

PACK OF CANNED SALMON ON THE NAAS RIVER, 1938-1948

Num- iNumber of salmon licences Packed canned ber of issued can. Year nones oper- Red Pink White Blue- Steel- ated G.N. Troll P.S. D.S. T.N. Sockeye Spring Spring Spring back head Coho Pink Chum Totals

cases cases cases cases cases Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases

*1938... 2 309 21,746 458 189 125 188 20,485 61,660 15,135 119,986 f1938. 14,795 13 165 125 188 3,986 29,843 6,804 55,919

*1939... 2 289 24,425 170 389 149 15 3,209 29,819 2,615 60,791 f1939 18,834 17 297 137 15 1,667 19,479 1,784 42,230 *1940... 2 254 13,810 1,258 181 275 120 11,447 29,893 5,461 62,445 1'1940. 8,056 118 95 99 117 1,975 12,151 2,149 24,750 *1941... 2 281 24,876 133 187 207 377 14,430 23,274 5,971 69,455 11941. 14,221 16 125 147 147 6,711 12,570 1,757 35,694 *1942... 2 328 24,461 496 366 255 619 21,008 54,03834 12,691 113,93454 f1942... 11,415 46 202 159 155 9,804 24,6933 5,794 52,2683

*1943... 167 13,413 422 386 194 334 9,769 17,670 10,156 52,344 t1943. *1944... 1 186 13,318 334 179 1093i 3183 7,324 34,707 10,155 66,445 f1944. 2,681 73 3 323i 23 389 14,375 2,423 19,997 *1945... 1 158 9,751 145 30 34 10734 3,980 36,16734 4,5283i 54,743 f1945... 4,479 46 19 45% 1,277 18,83534 1,67634 26,3783,i

*1946. 171 12,511 238 141 93 134 4,239 7,147 13,810 38,313 11946 . *1947. 204 10,877 266 63 66 158 5,168 5,075 8,938 30,611 t1947 *1948. 189 13,0643,5 240 36 140 149 8,9543 8,565 7,272h 38,421h t1948.

*Pack of fish caught at Ness River regardless where canned. tPack of Naas River regardless where caught. NOTE.-Licences issued, include transfers from other districts.

PACK OF CANNED SALMON ON THE SKEENA RIVER 1938.1948

Num- Number of salmon licences ber of issued Packed canned can- Year nones oper- Red Pink White Blue- Steel- ated G.N. Troll P.S. D.S. T.N. Sockeye Spring Spring Spring back head Coho Pink Chum Totals

cases cases cases cases cases Cases eases Cases cases Cases

*1938... 6 1,049 73,508 3,361 1,165 259 42 100,658 146,676 34,785 360,454 -I-1938. 46,988 2,916 1,141 259 42 38,542 69,299 14,668 173,855

*1939... 6 844 96,358 3,277 1,488 348 55 48,973 127,521 15,666 293,686 11939. 68,388 3,124 1,396 336 55 27,115 91,559 6,360 198,333 *1940... 7 926 133,854 5,884 1,113 571 133 62,516 91,612 62,114 359,797 f1940. 116,505 4,708 1,017 396 130 19,196 46,687 4,684 193,323

*1941... 7 981 110,544 4,695 703 448 2,261 126,557 73,896 54,357 373,461 f1941. 81,183 3,929 641 368 1,890 45,891 51,389 12,138 197,429 *1942... 6 775 57,539 5,850 874 832 3,670 70,38434 146,322 31,481 316,95234 11942. 29,976 5,305 699 617 3,117 36,39534 47,819 10,611 134,53934

*1943... 8 749 51,476 1,443 83834 623 2,323 63,63834 122,040 57,57934 299,961 34 11943. 28,259 964 44034 379 1,953 40,28034 53,203 6,40734 131,88634 *1944... 8 725 92,203 1,176 664 289 2,72434 38,15934 190,872 87,07134 413,15934 t1944. 67,855 89734 468 193 2,395 18,80934 45,833 7,172 34 143,62334 *1945... 7 787 117,85934 1,324 827 389 1,612 51,90434 211,14034 44,104 429,16034 11945. 103,93934 1,208 785 363 1,538 33,672 34 69,14834 9,121 219,77534

*1946... 7 877 72,31834 1,864 579 551 2,523 38,53434 50,799 81,633 248,802 t1946. 52,928 1,591 438 410 2,358 26,28134 10,737 11,161 105,90434 *1947... 7 750 65,429 1,688 398 531 2,237 35,52234 47,83131 87,476 241,113 1-1947. 32,511 1,376 326 414 2,051 12,76634 13,18434 8,224 70,853 *1948... 7 833 121,69834 3,824 143 76334 3,756 41,146 153,213 108,62134 433,16534 1-1948. 101,26734 3,133 99 59234 3,542 16,13234 50,656 11,863 187,28534

'Week of fish caught at Skeena river regardless where canned. *Pack at Skeena river regardless where caught. NOTE.-Licences issued include transfers from other districts.

PACK OF CANNED SALMON AT RIVERS INLET AND SMITHS INLET, 1938-1948

Num- Number of salmon licences ber of issued Packed canned can- -Year neries oper- Red Pink White Blue. Steel- ated G.N. Ti oll P.S. D.S. T.N. Sockeye Spring Spring Spring back head Coho Pink Chum Totals

Cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases

*1938... 6 2,261 122,093 744. 181 359 169 17,527 10,827 15,832 167,732 f1938. 86,490 716 136 351 99 14,284 12,447 17,102 131,625 *1939... 4 1,817 71,068 412 206 329 133 16,125 14,580 7,437 110,290 f1939. 36,937 285 32 306 82 6,302 19,256 4,903 68,103 *1940... 4 1,896 89,142 810 238 320 21 91 12,744 4,085 15,167 122,618 11940. 48,535 494 101 294 40 7,452 4,315 2,369 63,600 *1941... 2 1,355 115,342 1,006 148 667 179 25,165 5,558 23,203 171,268 1-1941. 50,238 624 78 593 104 16,067 6,193 6,236 80,133 *1942... 1 1,505 95,06234 745 104 144 60 10,280 1,481 21,364 129,240% 1'1942. 24,623 577 ' 82 129 19 6,189 1,446 10,295 43,360 *1943... 1 1,449 66,85534 223 591 208 135 12,270 16,093 17,376 113,75134 1'1943. 13,301 72 437 64 25 6,596 23,347 15,892 59,734 *1944... 1 1,090 40,85934 107 623 140 88 14,843 6,280 5,205 68,14535 f1944 8,969 16 568 94 64 9,525 11,863 2,580 33,679 *1945... 1 1,167 101,791 154 708 204 354 18,03434 12,369 20,515 154,12931 1-1945. 24,211 26 449 88 110 12,451 22,390 19,58334 79,30835 *1946... 1 1,517 87,190 570 248 35534 347 9,45234 1,87634 45,52134 145,541 1'1946. 16,574 462 94 8034 87 5,36434 85334 31,48534 55,001 '1 1947... 1 1,111 175,629 38534 1831 144 30534 5,531 10,069 21,769 213,82131 f1947. 33,305 26634 234 44 14834 4,532 7,24.6 19,96834 65,510 *1948... 1 1,338 48,122 743 114 229 531 13,97734 14,97234 13,008 91,697 11948. 12,001 34 30634 27 93 44334 5,98034 16,437 18,40334 53,69331

*Fish caught at Rivera Inlet and Smiths Inlet, regardless where canned. 'Wish canned at Rivers Inlet, regardless where caught.

PACK OF CANNED SALMON IN THE FRASER RIVER DISTRICT 1938-1948

Num- Number of salmon licences Packed canned ber of issued Year can- neries °per- G.N. Troll P.S. D.S. T.N. Red Pink White Blue. Steel- ated Sockeye Spring Spring Spring back head Coho Pink Chum Totals

cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases cases

1938*...... 2,319 190 112 217,882 4,592 413 1,532 21,923 72 54,314 29,862 181,444 512,034 1 9381'. 169,430 3,754 32 508 13 28,687 63 49,835 252,322 1939*... 10 2,161 210 73,216 5,092 475 1,511 32,833 86 48,120 204,681 143,020 509,034

19391- . 43,294 4,466 448 1,094 8,428 69 17,144 108,608 42,480 225,986 1940.... 10 2,237 212 121,080 4,036 311 1,042 13,627 178 47,397 13,243 178,860 379,774 1940t. 86,215 3,411 279 770 144 12,369 12 40,056 143,256 1941f... 11 2,025 195 149,716 7,132 1,285 25,507 248 28,260 102,799 90,274 405,221 1941* 196,871 8,290 1,425 26,396 18/166 315 91,571 179,071 360,623 883,028 418,491 6,982 314 136 82,586 521,788 ■.0 1942t... 12 2,754 406 2,396 324 10,559 1/40 1942* 474,03554 2,856 688 7,552 22,99954 314 34,004 9,075 264,736 816,260 1943 -1- ... 11 2,613 484 28,938 1,05954 23754 2,18154 246 8,391 30,394 53,954 125,40155 1943* 72,507 1,39334 64634 2,85254 14,05934 291 38,747 162,49554 127,450 420,44254 1944-r... 10 2,582 530 85,65654 60754 469 11,499 52 293 15,70854 130 13,87554 128,291 1944* 107,431 1,172 947 12,196 12,303 332 46,928 33,756 50,421 265,486 1945f... 10 2,706 520 77,41254 72334 621 3,89154 44 20454 15,160 100,57234 28,615 227,24434 1945* 123,38454 1,35754 1,195 5,43754 6,670 37154 60,536 285,351 117,044 601,347

19461- ... 13 3,738 525 307,85454 235 131 65054 170 9,875 436 61,879 381,231 1946* 381,580 667 462 1,22454 2,870 311 18,37454 6,10554 134,60134 546,196 1947f... 12 2205, 389 27,857 351 252 1,102 2,914 178 8,576 103,953 18,68354 163,86654 1947... 907 2,076 2,132 4,504 269 57,183 365,975 97,30554 621,58954 19481- ... 12 2,316 351 54,464 997 835 1,12334 364 17,110 31 20,333 95,25754 1948* 83,986 4,92154 1,05054 3,25154 20,30654 775 104,053 50,434 159,23254 428,01054

*Represents actual pack, regardless where caught. fRepresents pack of Fraser fish, regardless where canned. NOTE.-Licences issued include transfers from other districts. 1936t pack of Sockeye on Fraser, 164,408 cases, does not include 16,611 cases Sockeye caught on Fraser and exported and canned in Puget Sound canneries. 1940f pack of Sockeye on Fraser, 86,215 cases, does net include 4,536 cases Sockeye caught on Fraser and exported and canned in Puget Sound canneries. 1941 : The above figures do not include packs of salmon canned in 1941 from Cold Storage stocks caught in 1940, particulars of which are given here- under: Red Pink White Spring Spring Spring Coho Chums Totals 1941 pack of 1940 catch 8 31 1,079 39,104 6,339 46,561

PACK OF CANNED SALMON OF PUGET SOUND, U.S.A., FROM 1938 TO 1948

Number Year of canneries Spring Sockeye Coho Chum Pink Steelhead Total operated cases cases cases cases cases cases cases

1938 13 2,7873Z 134,651 9,82034 7,85234 193 155,30434 1939 14 2,439 43,511 54,773 14,505 275,485 390,713 1940 9 1,991 63,890 30,47834 21,618 2,732 120,71834 1941 9 4,706 110,605 45,968 21,170 153,686 336,135 1942 10 1,460 263,458 6,582 3,896 710 276,106 1943 10 2,872 19,116 26,219 224 61,479 109,910 1944 3 1,178 37,509 475 15 . 306 39,483 1945 4 3,733 53,054 18,958 158 307,940 383,843 1946 19 8,367 268,561 11,523 43,843 92 382,386 1947 21 20,922 8,462 79,336 143,204 609,880 861,804 1948 21 25,764 85,471 57,528 195,462 3,827 368,052

HALIBUT LANDINGS-BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1938-1948 (Includes landings in United States bottoms) 1938 193,488 1939 227,188 1940 239,043 1941 229,658 1942 243,915 1943 250,034 1944 189,248 1945 194,763 1946 228,739 1947 262,230 1948 212,709 *Figures for earlier years may be found in the annual report for 1940-41. CANNED PILCHARD PACK-BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1938-1948 Cases Cases 1938 69,374 1943 101,356 1939 7,300 1944 94,164 1940 59,166 1945 78,854 1941 58,038 1946 '4,359 1942 46,451 1947 1,666 1948 - NOTE.-For earlier figures see Departmental report for 1940-41. PRODUCTION FISH OIL AND MEAL-BRITISH COLUMBIA 1938-1948

From Pilchards From Herring From Whales From Other Sources*

Year Meal Whale- Meal and Oil Meal Oil bone and Fertili- Oil and Oil fertilizers meal zer fertilizer - tons gals. tons gals. tons tons gals. tons gals.

1938 8,891 2,195,850 9,624 929,158 273 490 543,378 2,491 228,157 1939 906 178,305 16,462 1,366,607 3,004 283,504 1940 4,853 877,556 24,264 1,700,819 181 434 361,620 3,526 285,314 1941 10,473.2 1,789,708 8,757.5 584,157 271 577 566,505 5,081.6 1942 390,939 11,550 1,622,840 10,898 643,577 130 205 255,556 4,837 263,481 1943 15,456.4 2,233,281 7,126.5 675,002 62 90 134,553 1944 2,315.9 156,808 10,278 1,962,040 8,832 889,213 1,675.25 1945 131,507 5,939.8 1,161,564 12,976.45 1,122,432 1,676.8 1946 159,603 673.1 74,612 8,463.5 847,232 1,429.5 172,840 1947 67.2 12,959 11,764.75 1,243,142 1948 1,650.7 118,608 29,636 2,660,708 119 325 177,308 1,516 143,644 . . mon and halibut offal, gray fish, and anchovies. 100 WHALES LANDED-BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1938-1948 *

Species 1938 1940 1941 1942 1943 1948

Sperm 252 126 233 130 69 28 Sulphur 4 2 1 1 Fin 50 90 67 25 15 37 Hump 4 2 27 7 7 115 Sei 2 Totals 310 220 328 163 91 182

*No whaling plants operated in 1939, 1944, 1945, 1946 and 1947.

SALMON LICENCES ISSUED For Salmon Canneries and Salmon Fishing Gear (Not Including Licences to Captains and Assistants on Salmon Seine-Boats or Assistants on Salmon Gill-Net Boats) British Columbia, 1938-1948

Kind of Licence 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948

District No. 1- Salmon cannery 10 10 10 11 12 11 10 10 13 12 12 Salmon trolling 190 210 212 195 400 484 530 520 525 369 351 Salmon gill-net 2,319 2,161 2,237 2,025 2,670 2,613 2,582 2,706 3,738 2,205 2,316

District No. 2- Salmon cannery 22 18 20 17 14 14 15 12 12 12 11 Salmon purse-seine 100 98 131 95 105 87 94 105 144 176 194 Salmon drag-seine 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 9 Salmon trolling 958 863 737 791 706 903 876 980 1,262 1,068 901 Salmon gill-net- Lowe Inlet 80 135 106 61 25 83 91 35 44 24 40 Naas River. 309 289 254 281 170 199 186 158 171 204 189 Skeena River 1,049 844 926 981 765 749 725 787 877 750 833 Rivers Inlet 1,796 1,550 1,518 1,070 640 1,211 948 1,022 1,281 936 1,061 Smiths Inlet 465 267 378 285 107 238 142 145 236 175 277 Bella Coola 242 216 192 161 155 194 175 192 153 152 187 Butedale 80 102 148 78 3 88 72 76 131 84 164 Narnu 159 148 134 93 109 89 81 96 141 176 175 Queen Charlotte Islands 53 9 14 8 42 8 34 11 9 5 34

Total, salmon gill-net, District No. 2 4,233 3,560 3670 3,018 2,016 2,859 2,454 2,522 3,043 2,506 2,960

District No. 3- Salmon cannery 6 7 8 8 4 5 5 6 6 6 4 Salmon trap-net 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 Salmon purse-seine 200 241 219 238 207 203 199 207 204 182 195 Salmon drag-seine. Salmon trolling 2,305 2,874 2,273 2,094 2,737 2,959 3,077 3,264 3,940 3,542 3,576 Salmon gill-net 573 781 485 459 567 571 390 418 565 632 798

Whole Province- 27 Salmon cannery 38 35 38 36 30 30 30 29 31 30 Salmon trap-net 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 389 Salmon purse-seine 300 339 350 333 312 290 293 312 348 358 9 Salmon drag-seine. 9 9 9 9 9 10 9 9 9 9 4,828 Salmon trolling 3,453 3,947 3,222 3,080 3,843 4,346 4,483 4,764 5,727 4,979 6,074 Salmon gill-net 7,125 6,502 6,392 5,052 5,253 6,043 5,426 5,646 7,346 5,343

NOTE.-Salmon cannery licences shown above were issued by the Provincial Fisheries Department.

101 PACK OF SOCKEYE SALMON FROM RUNS TO FRASER RIVER 1938-1948

Canadian Fraser Traps in Puget Year River Juan de Sound Total Pack Fuca Pack Cases* Straits

1938 169,430 3,784 139,173 312.387 1939 4.3,249 4,290 43,511 91,050 1940 86,215 2,247 63,890 152,352 1941 149,71534 9,563 110,605 269,88334 1942 418,491 8,488 263,458 690,437 1943 28,938 1,339 19,116 l49,393 1944 85,65634 2,494 37,509 125,6593Z 1945 77,41231 2,369 53,054 132,83534 1946 307,85434 19,765 268,561 596,18031 1947 27,857 904 8,462 37,223 1948 54,464 5,505

*Figures represent pack of Fraser River sockeye, regardless where canned.

PACKS OF CANNED SALMON, 1938-1948 With Quantities Graded Second Qualitr and Percentages

Steel- Blue- - Sockeye Spring head back Coho Pink Chum Total

1938 Pack, cases 447,453 15,531 1,035 27,417 273,906 400,876 541,812 1,707,830 Grade B, cases 16,361 5634 1,111 1,413 1,583 20,52436 Per cent 3.656 .206 .405 .352 .292 1.201 1939 Pack, cases... 269,888 16,097 797 48,209 196,887 620,595 386,584 1,539,057 Grade B, cases 3,44434 11 20 17 14234 45,667 1,068 50,370 Per cent 1.276 .068 2.509 .035 .072 7.358 .276 3.272 1940 Pack, cases 366,403 17,741 1,205 23,277 201,467 213,911 643,443 7,467,227 Grade 8, cases 1,77834 57 13 461 2,530 3,29834 8,138 Per cent .485 .321 .054 .228 1.182 .512 .554 1941 Pack, cases... 445,297 50,476 3,454 30,027 361,380 427,766 920,470 2,248,870 Grade B, cases 1,18634 15234 2 33 53934 64,866 25,16134 91,941 Per cent 0.260 0.301 0.057 0.109 0.149 15.163 2.733 4.088 1942 Pack cases 666,57134 24,74434 4,649 23,26534 187,87334 270,62234 633,834 1,811,56034 Grade B, cases 39,75334 256 87 69334 8,676 . 17,654 67,120 Per cent 5.963 1.034 0.373 0.369 3.205 2.785 3.705 1943 Pack cases ... 164,889 10,658 3,095 14,05934 171,983 530,18834 363,34734 1,258,22134 Grade B, cases.. ... 22734 69 3 25,83734 7,823 34,760 Per cent .137 .647 .002 4.873 2.153 2.762 1944 Pack, cases... 247,714 19,362 3,92634 12,464 169,08234 389,692 255,31634 1,097,557 34 Grade B, cases.. ... 723 101 1 34 86 2,777 1,23834 4,927 Per cent 0.292 0.521 0.038 0.050 0.712 0.485 0.448 1945 Pack, cases... 329,90134 12,800 2,922 6,670 212,217 825,51234 350,188 1,739,311 Grade B, cases 163 99 30 75,28431 4,474 80,05034 Per cent 0.049 0.773 0.014 9.119 1.277 4.602 1946 Pack, cases... 543,027 8,10034 4,11534 2,914 97,24031 116,60731 576,13334 1,348,13834 Grade B, cases.. ... 1,313 2,924 1,245 5,482 Per cent 0.241 2.078 0.606 0.406 1947 Pack, cases... 286,109 9,933 3,26834 4,545 139,620 599,88234 461,79934 1,505,15734 Grade B, cases 706 434 7 71,515 594 72,82631 Per cent 0.246 0.045 0.005 11.922 1.286 4.838 1948 Pack, cases... 260,642 16,43834 5,66534 20,30634 186,80934 321,72134 496,553 1,308,137 Grade B, cases..... 1,55734 382 8034 3,68934 9,835 15,54431 Per cent 0.597 2.323 0.004 1.146 1.980 1.188

102

FISHERY LICENCES-BRITISH COLUMBIA JANUARY-DECEMBER, 1948

ISSUED TRANSFERS OPERATING

Variety of Licence Whites Indians Chinese Cancelled Total Whites Indians Total Whites Indians Chinese Canedled Total

Salmon Trap-net 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 - - - 5 Salmon Drag-seine - 9 - - 9 - - - - 9 - - 9 Salmon Purse-seine 335 45 - 9 389 - - - 335 45 - 9 389 Salmon Gill-net 3,594 1,250 6 - 4,850 1,092 132 1,224 4,686 1,382 6 - 6,074 Salmon Trolling 4,184 635 2 - 4,821 6 1 7 4,190 636 2 - 4,828 Asst. Salmon Gill-net 173 69 1 - 243 s - 3 176 69 1 - 246 Capt. Salmon Purse-seine 179 134 - - 313 - - - 179 134 - - 313 Asst. Salmon Purse-seine 1,432 682 - - 2,114 - - 1,432 682 - - 2,114 Crayfish 1,015 88 - - 1,103 - - - 1,015 88 - - 1,103 Cod 779 117 - - 896 - - - 779 117 - - 896 Small Dragger 83 3 - - 86 - - 83 3 - - 86 Miscellaneous 187 12 1 1 201 - - - 187 12 1 1 201 Crab 133 49 - - 182 - - - 133 49 - - 182 Smelt 37 - - - 37 - - - 37 - - - 37 Capt. Halibut or Black Cod 570 238 1 1 810 - - - 570 238 1 1 810 Capt. Halibut for Bait 6 - - - 6 - - - 6 - - - 6 Pilchard Purse-seine - - - - - - - - - - - - - Capt. Pilchard Purse-seine - - - - - - - - - - - - - Asst. Pilchard Purse-seine 41 - - - 41 - - - 41 - - - 41 Herring Purse-seine 62 2 - 1 65 - - - 62 2 - 1 65 Capt. Herring Purse-seine 46 8 - - 54 - - - 46 8 - - 54 Asst. Herring Purse-seine 347 40 - 1 388 - - 347 40 1 388 Herring Gill-net 20 - - - 20 - - - 20 - - 20 Herring Pound 11 1 - - 12 - - - 11 1 - - 12 Capt. Tuna.. 119 1 1 - 121 - - - 119 1 1 - 121 Asst. Tuna 106 2 1 - 109 - - - 106 2 1 - 109 Abalone 5 27 1 - 33 - - 5 27 1 - 33 - 8 - - 8 - - - 8 Experimental Herring Trawl 8 - - - - - - - 3 Whaling 3 - - - a - 3 Total 13,480 3,412 14 13 16,919 1,101 133 1,234 14,581 3,545 14 13 18,153

Indian Permits: 1,618 PLANT LICENCES Issued by the Provincial Department of Fisheries, 1948 Season

CANNERIES IICENCED Number Salmon 27 Herring 4 Pilchard 2 She11-fish 8 Tuna-fish 3

REDUCTION PLANTS Herring Reduction 17 Pilchard Reduction — Dogfish Reduction — Fish Liver Reduction 6 Fish-Offal Reduction 13 Whale Reduction 1

OTHERS Tierced Salmon Plants 6 Pickled Herring Plants — Cold Storage Plants 19 Fish-buyers Licences 536 Non-tidal Fishing Licences. 200 Sturgeon Fishing Licences 4 Herring Dry-saltery licences 1 Salmon Dry-saltery Licences — Fish-processing Plant Licences 20 Processing Aquatic Plant Licences 2 Harvesting Aquatic Plant Licences ,_ 3

I 01 SALMON CAUGHT BY PURSE-SEINES Statement of Number of Salmon Caught by Purse-Seines, Shown by Seining Areas-British Columbia, Season 1948

Area Sockeye Springs Bluebacks & Cohoe Steelheads Pinks Chums Totals

1 446 151 4,069 731,398 75,845 811,909 2 199 25 20,421 349,255 480,918 850,818 3 5,399 50 2,492 30 140,305 43,276 191,552 4 2,424 69 1,319 34 99,663 4,406 107,915 5 27,461 522 22,524 92 477,412 111,696 639,707 6 47,045 1,557 50,503 254 1,646,187 447,999 2,193,545 7 21,734 1,217 33,104 220 753,744 374,531 1,184,550 8 2,030 104 3,563 109 130,049 13,300 149,155 9 227 103 1,850 1 12,354 59,358 73,893 10 17 1 2,753 - 6,863 17,441 27,075 11 674 530 4,245 - 2,206 20,956 28,611 cri 12 81,688 6,563 73,076 178 471,402 621,920 1,254,827 13 35,459 4,520 39,473 12 201,803 511,342 792,609 14 57 484 1,889 - 2,972 76,084 81,486 15 - 7 29 - - 8,128 8,164 16 - 28 308 - - 13,631 13,967 17 - - 24 - - 7,958 7,982 18 - - 81 - - 14,078 14,159 19 - - - - - - - 20 2,974 1,260 4,121 - 5 2 8,362 21 38 - 369 1 - 12,915 13,323 22 7 213 322 - - 36,796 37,338 23 11,116 2,265 12,645 - 4 88,053 114,083 24 8,075 513 7,420 32 286 54,207 70,533 25 - - 3,359 - - 151,989 155,348 26 - - 2 238 - - 82,997 85,235 27 4 32 266 - 821 26,192 27,315 Totals 247,074 20,214 292,463 963 5,026,729 3,356,018 8,943,461

METHODS OF CAPTURE OF SALMON SPECIES

Statement of Different Species of Salmon and Method of Capture Reported by Operators of Salmon Purse - Seines, Drag-Seines and Trap-Nets and by Salmon Canning, Curing and Cold Storage Establishments, of Gill-Net and Troll Caught Fish, British Columbia, Season 1948

Method of Capture Sockeye Springs Bluehaeks & Cohoc Steelheads Pinks Chums Totals

Troll 1,405 330,696 1,353,483 1,082 75,203 23,030 1,784,899

Gill-net 2,471,681 ' 135,263 1,022,258 71,508 1,890,606 1,751,105 7,342,421 Pursc-seine 247,074 20,214 292,463 963 5,026,729 3,356,018 8,943,461 Drag-seine 33,283 6,411 20,050 5,787 65,531

Trap-net 74,478 27,692 23,032 1,649 214 1,930 128,995

Totals 2,827,921 513,865 2,697,647 75,202 7,012,802 5,137,870 18,265,307

FISH LIVER AND FISH VISCERA SUMMARIES, 1948

PURCHASES EXPORTED IN COLD STORAGE LIVER OIL Total Value Marketed Pounds Value to Pounds Value Pounds Value Pounds Value or Prepared for Fishermen Market

Gray Cod Livers 14,119 883 2,215 214 1,033 212 426 Black Cod Livers 65,302 125,892 302 215 15,080 66,837 67,052 Black Cod Viscera 116,311 34,602 10,932 48,573 48,573 Ling Cod Livers 129,670 208,518 1,613 2,408 20,605 241,485 243,893 Ling Cod Viscera 127,944 14,211 681 79 13,932 10,515 10,594 Red Cod Livers 20,422 34,135 1,295 956 3,685 43,777 44,733 Halibut Livers 277,471 262,761 261 238 42,521 331,458 331,696 Halibut Viscera 435,801 89,136 38,457 6,479 22,214 145,672 152,151 Grayfish Livers 3,033,547 1,123,397 - 12,000 5,100 23,571 11,057 2,113,101 1,634,388 1,650,545 Soupfin Shark Livers 5,395 18,679 824 2,822 5,685 23,435 26,257 Miscellaneous Livers & Viscera 84,273 6,521 2,466 143 28,994 11,437 11,580 Salmon Livers 2,436 243 800 800 800 Salmon Viscera 10,958 1,095 900 1,500 1,500

Total Values 1,920,073 11,579 18,132 2,560,089 2,589,800 SALMON SPAWNING REPORT BRITISH COLUMBIA 1948

GENERAL SUMMARY Sockeye A medium spawning occurred in the Naas system. The escapement to the Skeena was heavy with a predominance of females in the Babine system. The seeding in Rivers inlet was just fair, a feature being the exceptionally large number of "jacks" present over the area. Supplies in Smiths Inlet were disappointingly light. Due to the retarded opening date for sockeye fishing in the commercial areas and improved migratory conditions for ascending salmon resulting from the program of fishway installations by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, there was substantial increase in the number of spawners in all the upper areas of the Fraser system over the escapement in the cycle year 1944; of outstanding importance was the excellent spawning which occurred in the Chilco system. Springs With few exceptions, the seeding of spring salmon was normal and somewhat above brood year levels. Cohoe The escapement of this variety to the majority of streams was generally satis- factory; however, a lack of average supplies was noticeable in the Cowichan River, as well as in the Quathiaski and Alert Bay sub-districts. Pinks There was a notable increase in the spawning of this variety compared with the cycle year 1946. A medium to heavy escapement occurred to the more important northern areas as well as the upper part of the east coast of Vancouver Island. Supplies in other portions of the province were light. It was an "off year" for the Fraser River. Chums With the exception of the Central area of District No. 2, chum supplies were fairly satisfactory. Due to special conservation measures the escapement in the southern portion of the province was moderately heavy, showing a noticeable increase over the light seeding of this variety in the cycle year 1944. In the northern portion of the province supplies in the Bella Bella area were below normal and the seeding in the Butedale and Bella Coola sub-districts was light and unsatisfactory.

107 IN DETAIL Massett ml et and Northern Coast Graham Island Area: Cohoe stocks were light in all streams. The pink salmon spawning was generally satisfactory, particularly so in the Yakoun River. Naden River was also well seeded with this variety, showing a noticeable increase over spawnings of recent years. There was a medium escapement of chums to Naden River, while the grounds in Massett Inlet received only a light seeding. Skidegate Inlet and West Coast Graham and Moresby Island Area: The cohoe spawning was light to medium, with fairly good supplies in Tlell and Copper Rivers. Pink stocks were light although there was some improvement over the brood year. The seeding of chun-is in the Skidegate Inlet area was medium to heavy, and on the west coast generally light to medium, the exceptions being at Steel Creek in Port Louis and the Athlow Bay stream, which were well seeded. East Coast of Moresby Island Area: Cohoe supplies, although generally light in the majority of streams, were heavy in the Crescent Inlet as well as the Echo and Thurston Harbour vicinities. Pink supplies in Cumshewa Inlet were satisfactory, showing some increase over the brood year. A medium to heavy spawning of chums occurred in the Selwyn Inlet and Juan Perez Sound areas, as well as in the Darwin Sound locality. Salmon River was well stocked. Elsewhere the escapement was generally heavy, showing an increase over the cycle year. Naas Area: There was a medium escapement of sockeye to the Meziaden Lake area, the principal spawning ground of this variety in the Naas system, heavier than in 1943 and equal to 1944. Spring salmon stocks were good, heavy in the Meziaden area and an improvement over the brood year on the whole. At the time of inspection cohoe supplies were generally light; new run fish were, however, arriving on the grounds, A medium to heavy seeding of pinks occurred, an improvement over the cycle year. Chums were present in moderate numbers. Skeena — Babine-Morice Area: The escapement of parent sockeye to the Babine and Morice watersheds was reported to be heavy, all grounds being well seeded. Females were predominant in the Sabine system. Spring salmon supplies were satisfactory in the Bulkley and Morice Rivers, but below average in the Babine area. Moderate stocks of cohoe were present. Fairly heavy supplies of pinks spawned in the Babine area. Skeena— Lakelse Area: Supplies of sockeye were generally satisfactory, heavy in the Kispiox watershed and fairly good in the Lakelse, Kitsumgallum and Allistair systems. There was a fair seeding of springs. Moderate stocks of cohoe were present. The escapement of pinks showed a general increase over the cycle year, particularly so in the Lakelse and Kispiox Rivers. Moderate supplies of chums were observed. Lower Skeena Area: The sockeye seeding of the Shawatlans system was good, while supplies reaching

108 the limited areas in the Ocstahl watershed were normal. Spring salmon stocks were medium. The pink salmon seeding in the coastal streams of this area was heavy, similar to the heavy escapement which occurred in 1946. Cohoe supplies were satisfactory. Grenville-Principe Area: Nearly all the sockeye streams received medium supplies of this variety. The seeding of cohoes was generally good. The pink salmon spawning was medium to heavy in all major streams, both in the northern and southern portions of this area, Kumealon Creek being particularly well seeded. Due to low water in the streams during the migration of this variety extra conservation measures were necessary. Chum salmon streams were well supplied. Butedale Area: Spawning of sockeye in the streams frequented by this variety was generally medium. The spring salmon escapement to the area was heavier than usual. The cohoe seeding in Douglas Channel, Kitimat Arm, and Gardner Canal was also of medium intensity, or much the same as in the brood y,-ear; streams in Laredo Inlet, as well as Indian River, showed a definite decrease; elsewhere spawning was light to medium. The seeding of pinks was medium to heavy and generally an improvement over the brood year, spawning in the Douglas Channel, Devastation Channel, Kitimat Arm, Kynock and Matheson Channel streams being particularly good. Chum supplies were definitely light, the escapement to Bear River in Poison Cove, Kainet River in Kynock Inlet, and several small streams on Aristazable Island was similar to that of the brood year, the seeding in the northern portion of the area, however, svas disappointing and spawning in Laredo Inlet was practically a failure. Bella Bella Area: Sockeye supplies were below normal in limited areas in which they spawn in this sub-district. The seeding of cohoes was favorable, particularly so in the Kajusdis River and Gullchuck streams. The general spawning of pinks was light with the exception of Koeye River where an excellent seeding took place, but there was a substantial decrease in stocks in the lower Matheson Channel area. Medium to light supplies of chums were present, while fair numbers reached such important streams as Neekis, Howyet, Klatse and Salmon Rivers; spawning in all the smaller streams was light. Bella Coola Area: There was a medium escapement of sockeye to the Bella Coola-Atnarko system, while supplies in the Kimsquit and Dean watersheds were light. Spring salmon were present in medium numbers. There was a fair escapement of cohoe. In general an adequate supply of pinks reached the different spawning grounds over the area. Chum stocks were generally light in both the Dean and Burke Channel areas. Rivers Inlet Area: Three inspections of the Owekano Lake spawning areas were carried out; the first commencing August 20, the next September 11, and the last October 21. The seeding of sockeye in this system was, generally speaking, just fair, better than the commercial pack would indicate, and about at par with seedings which occurred in

109 the brood years of 1943 and 1944. Supplies in the Shumahault, Genesee, Nookins and Dallec Rivers were light. Spawning in the Waukwash, Asklum, Cheo, and Quap was average, while in Indian Creek and the outlet of Whannock River it was very good. An exceptionally large number of "Jack" sockeye was present over the area. Medium supplies of cohoe were present. The seeding of pinks was light. The escapement of chums was moderate. Smiths Inlet Area: The run of sockeye to Smiths Inlet was light and supplies reaching the spawning grounds were below par, notwithstanding additional conservation measures taken. The principal sockeye spawning streams in this area, the Geluck and Delebah, were inspected twice. Moderate numbers were present in the latter stream, but in the Geluck only light supplies were observed. Cohoe stocks were average. With the exception of "Hole-in-the-Wall", pink supplies were light. The seeding of chums was moderate. Alert Bay Area: The escapement of sockeye to the Nimpkish, Glendale Cove, Kleena-Kleene, Kahweekan and Adams Rivers was good. Usual light runs were observed in Quatse and Nahwitti Rivers, while the spawning in Shushartie, Fulmore, and Kingcome Rivers was small. Spring salmon supplies were satisfactory, particularly in the Kleena-Kleene and Nimpkish systems. Cohoe stocks were disappointing and below brood year expectations, especially so in Allison sound. There was a satisfactory seeding of pinks in the Vancouver Island streams and in those on the mainland side of Johnstone Straits, a marked improvement over the cycle year. The seeding of this variety in the remaining mainland streams was generally light. The chum spawning was generally good, the Nimpkish system receiving a particularly heavy seeding. The runs to Kingcome and Wakeman Rivers were also heavy. Those streams in the area, flowing into Johnstone Straits, however, were only lightly seeded. Quathiaski Area: The escapement of sockeye to Phillips River was average but supplies reaching Hayden Bay Creek were light. The spawning of spring salmon was average in Campbell, Salmon and Phillips Rivers, and the streams in Bute Inlet, the principal grounds frequented by this variety. With the exception of the Quinsam, Fraser Creek in Loughborough Inlet, and the major streams in Bute Inlet, the cohoe seeding was light and below normal. With few exceptions the pink salmon seeding was light. Chum supplies generally were fairly good, somewhat heavier than in the brood year of 1944. Comox Area: There was a good escapement of spring salmon to the Puntledge River, an interesting feature being the percentage of larger than average size fish present in the late runs of that variety. Cohoe supplies were generally light in all streams with the exception of Tsolum, Little Qualicum, Black, and Cook Creek, where there was a medium spawning. There was a heavy seeding of pinks in Oyster and Tsolum Rivers, elsewhere the spawning was light. Supplies of chums were heavy in Big Qualicum and Puntledge Rivers, and medium in the remainder of the streams, with the exception of Oyster River, Tsolum River, and Nile Creek, where the spawning was light.

110 Pender Harbour Area: Approximately 4,600 sockeye spawners entered Saginaw Lake, a slight increase over the brood year. Spring salmon supplies were average. The seeding of cohoes was generally fair. Pink supplies were light and somewhat less in numbers than in the brood year of 1946. The seeding of chums was satisfactory, showing a favorable improvement over the cycle year. Nanaimo-Ladysmith Area: Spring salmon stocks in the Nanaimo River were average. There was generally a light escapement of cohoe to this area. Fair supplies reached the Nanaimo and Chemainus Rivers, but elsewhere the seeding was light. Chum salmon stocks were fairly satisfactory in most of the streams; supplies in the Nanaimo and Chemainus Rivers, although late in arriving, compared favorably with those of the brood year. However, spawning in Englishman's River and Nanoose Creek was below normal. Cowichan Area: The seeding of spring salmon in the Cowichan River was lighter than for some years, about 6,000 spawners being observed over the watershed. With the exception of Shaw Creek, tributary to Cowichan Lake, cohoe supplies were also light, the total nut to the Cowichan being estimated at 45,000 fish. Chum supplies, although not quite as heavy as in 1947, were satisfactory. Victoria Area: Cohoe supplies were moderately good. The streams west of Sooke were fairly well seeded, while spawning in Sooke Basin and Goldstream was average. The chum seeding was satisfactory, Goldstream carrying a particularly heavy run. Alberni-Nitinat Area: The sockeye seeding in the Somass, Anderson and Hobarton systems was satis- factory. Good supplies of springs were present, particularly in the Somass and Nahmint Rivers. The escapement of cohoes was good, especially in the larger rivers, the numbers of this variety counted over Stamp Falls fishway being the largest recorded. Chum supplies generally were fair, good numbers spawning in practically all streams, showing favorable increase over the parent year. Clayoquot Area: The escapement of sockeye to the Kennedy Lake and Clayoquot River systems was good, somewhat better than in the brood year, while the seeding of Megin River was fair. Spring salmon stocks were satisfactory and compare favorably with those of the brood year. Cohoe supplies were generally fair, the Kennedy and Clayoquot River systems being well stocked. The chum salmon seeding over the area was generally fair, Kennedy River, Tranquille and Tofino Creeks being exceptionally well stocked. Nootka Area: There was an increase in spring salmon supplies on the limited spawning grounds of this variety, in the area. The cohoe seeding was fair, showing slight decrease compared with the brood year. The spawning of chums in the Port Eliza, Canal and the Marvinas Bay streams was exceptionally good but generally only fair over remainder of the area.

111 Kyuquot Area: The general seeding of cohoe was good, heavier than for the past two years, but somewhat lighter than that of the brood year, which was particularly heavy. There was a moderate run of chum salmon to all areas in the district with the exception of Battle River and Ououkinsh River where the spawning was light. Quesino Area: While supplies of sockeye in Canoe and Fisherman's Rivers showeg an increase over the brood year, the seeding of the Mahatta River was lighter than expected. These rtms, however, are of little value commercially. The escapement of spring salmon to Marble Creek, the chief producer of this species, was satisfactory. The spawning of cohoe was above average in all streams with the exception of San Joseph and Dominic Creeks in the Cape Scott area, and Spruce River and Coal Harbour Creek in Holberg Inlet. There was an excellent escapement of chums to all streams in this sub-district with the exception of those in Holberg Inlet other than Hathaway Creek. Fraser River—Prince George Area: Although the total number of sockeye that spawned in this sub-district was comparatively small, there was a notable increase over the cycle year. Approximately 14,000 sockeye spawned in the Stellako area this season, compared with 4,000 in the brood year. In the Stuart Lake watershed increases were most encouraging; in all an estimated total of 10,000 fish were observed. Spawning conditions generally were favorable. The seeding of spring salmon was good. Fraser River—Quesnel Area: The Department's veteran observer for twenty-five consecutive seasons reported approximately one million sockeye reached the ChiIco spawning areas this season, in comparison with some 350,000 in the brood year of 1944. Spawners were observed for the first time in many years upstream for five miles in Nemaia Creek as well as Nemaia Bay, twenty-five miles above the outlet, as also in the "Lagoon" eighteen miles above the outlet. In the Quesnel system, including Mitchell and Horsefly Rivers, the sockeye seeding was practically nil. About fifty parent fish were present in the Upper Horsefly, but none was observed in Mitchell River. Approximately 25,000 active spawners reached the Bowron system, a tremendous improvement over the cycle year showing of 1,700, and about the same as the escapement in 1947. Early spawners were in predominance. Spring salmon stocks were normal. Fraser River—Kamloops Area: For what is corisidered an "off year" there was a considerable increase in the number of parent sockeye observed over this area. The first run, comprising 12,000 to 18,000 sockeye spawned in Raft River in the North Thompson area and in Seymour and Scotch Creeks in the Shuswap Lake area. The second run, comprised of 20,000 to 25,000, including 20% "Jacks", spawned mostly in the Adams River system. Spring salmon supplies were satisfactory, particularly in the Nicola River watershed. There was a considerable increase in the number of cohoe over this area, compared with the brood year. Fraser River—Lillooet Area: The run of upwards of 100,000 sockeye spawners in the Birkenhead River was

112 comprised of about 20% "Jacks". Stocks of this variety in the Seton-Anderson system were, however, light, very similar in number to the brood year. The spring salmon seeding in the Bridge River watershed was also light. The cohoe spawning in the Birkenhead River and Upper Lillooet River was good, showing an increase over the brood year. Fraser River—Yale-Lytton Area: Little spawning of note has occurred in the streams of this area for many years. This year it was confined to a light cohoe seeding of Nahatlatch (Salmon) River. Fraser Rivere—Chilliwack-Yale Area: The return of sockeye to Cultus Lake was only fair, totalling slightly over 12,000 spawners, compared with 14,200 in the brood year of 1944. The usual small numbers were observed in the Chillitvack River. The supplies of early-run cohoe were light; the late run being medium in numbers. The churn spawning was heavy in the Chilliwack and Vedder Rivers, medium in the Coquihalla River, and light in Jones, Silver, and Hunter Creeks. The main run to the Chilliwack and Vedder Rivers was late in arrival. Fraser River—Mission-Harrison Area: Excellent supplies of sockeye were observed in the Harrison River and west fork of Silver River, and spawners generally were equal to brood year numbers. The seeding of spring salmon was below average. Supplies of cohoe were light. The chum run, although late in appearing on the spawning grounds, was satisfactory, particularly so in the Harrison River, Squakum Creek and Worth's Creek, tributary to Nicomen Slough. Lower Fraser Area:_ The sockeye spawning in the Upper Pitt River system was fairly heavy. Supplies of spring salmon were light. The cohoe seeding in the South Alouette, Serpentine and Nicomekl Rivers was only fair; elsewhere over the area, disappointingly light. No pinks were observed, it being the "off year" for that variety. Stocks of chums were generally light; the South Alouette and Coquitlam Rivers were fairly well seeded but Whonnock, West, Kanaka and North Alouette Rivers had very light runs and escape. ment to other streams was of minor proportions. North Vancouver Area: The cohoe spawning was good, showing a slight increase over the brocid year of 1945 in most streams. Chum supplies were only fair. Squamish River: Spring salmon supplies were satisfactory. The seeding of cohoe was also good, showing considerable increase over the brood year. No pinks were observed in this system, this being the "off year" for this variety. The chum spawning was moderate, very similar to the brood year.

113

APPENDIX III FISH CULTURE .DEVELOPMENT STATEMENTS, 1948 Page Species of Fish Distributed 115 Fish Tagged 115 Tagged Atlantic Salmon Recaptured 115 Fish Marked by Fin Clipping 116 Fish Recaptured with Missing Fins 117 Local Collection and Disposal of Eggs 118 Inter-Hatchery Transfers 119 Other Transfers 120 Hatchery Output by Provinces 121 Species Distributed from Hatcheries and Rearing Stations 122 Exhibitions of Fish 124 Eggs, Fry, Fingerlings and Older Fish on Hand 125 Distribution of Species by Hatcheries 126

114 FISH DISTRIBUTED DURING 1948, BY SPECIES

Advanced Yearlings Total Fry fry Fingerlings and older distribution

Salmo salar-Atlantic salmon 212,000 3,820,000 9,679,991 23,616 13,735,607 Salmo fario-Brown trout 72,211 72,211 Salmo irideus-Rainbow trout 60,301 60,301 Cristivomer namaycush-Salmon trout 27,330 27,330 Salmo salar sebago-Sebago salmon 30,000 13,833 43,833 Salvelinus fontinalis-Speclded trout 1,621,700 13,477,152 135,581 15,234,433 212,000 5,441,700 23,346,985 173,030 29,173,715

FISH TAGGED, 1948

No marked Establishment Species fish Tao. Series Waters Stocked Age distributed Îlsed

Sackville Atlantic salmon 42 K4872-K4913 Grand Lake, 10, Adult Fletcher Lake, 10, Adult Thomas Lake, ll, Adult William Lake, 11, Adult Grand Lake ., Sebago salmon 200 B2905-B3000 Grand Lake 5 years K4914-K5100 K11111-K11168 Sebago salmon 37 A74-A2671 Lake Thomas, 9, Adult B1493-82923 Lake William, 9, Adult Fletcher Lake, 9, Adult Grand Lake, 10, Adult TOTAL-309 _

Drs. L. C. Kingston and Roscoe Avery of Barre, Vermont, marked and liberated in the North West Miramichi River at Crawford House pool 30 Atlantic salmon using tags from Series B1821—B1840 and F1686-7799.

RECAPTURE OF TAGGED ATLANTIC SALMON DURING 1948

Weight Length 1. Where liberated Number (Pounds) (Inches) Condition Sex Date 2. Where caught

K2770 13 35 Kelt F Nov. 11, 1940 River Philip Pond — — Clean F Aug. 10, 1948 Cheticamp, N.S. K3069 8 31 Kelt F Nov. 19, 1940 Margaree Salmon Pond — — Clean F Aug. 10, 1948 Cheticamp, N.S.

Margaree Salmon Pond-6 Atlantic Salmon "K" series 4488 4605, 4684, 4207, 4852 and 4883 taken in salmon trap Margaree River were liberated above net with tags still attached. Sackville —Atlantic salmon bearing tags K3943 and K3773 were recovered in Sackville River trap and the former liberated in Fletcher Lake, November 18. The latter salmon was dead when recaptured.

115

FISH MARKED BY FIN CLIPPING, 1948 Number marked fish Hatcher Species Age Distributed Fins Removed ydistrutedib , NOVA SCOTIA Antigonish 500 Speckled Trout 1 year July 24 —Round Pond (Smith Adipose and left ventral Settlement) Cobequid 4,000 Atlantic Salmon Fingerlings Sept. 27 —Pollett River Right ventral 4,000 Left Ventral El . 4,000 « ef . Right and left ventrals 12,000 Coldbrook Ponds 500 Rainbow Trout Fingerlings Sept. 23 —Butler Brook Adipose 3,000 Sept. 21 —Forties Brook 3,000 11 II f f ' —Franey Lake it 2,800 it it It —Gully Brook if 932 . , , Sept. 23 —Paul Brook 3,500 11 (1 Sept. 22 --Sand Lake lf 4,500 11 ff ff Sept. 23 —Sherbrooke River

18,232 Grand Lake Rearing Ponds 9,948 Sebago Salmon 1 year May 14.26—Shubenacadie (Grand) Lake Adipose and left ventral 154 Speckled Trout II June 18 —Doyle Lake Adiposeose and right ventral 130 ‘ ‘ « —Gorham Lake . ■■ ff 189 « —Holland Lake . « it 11 « 11 132 —North Weaver Lake . « 76 —Silver Lake 97 11 11 11 f1 —South Weaver Lake

10,726 NEW BRUNSWICK Charlo 2,000 Speckled Trout Fingerlings Sept. 15 —Antinori Lake Both ventrals 1,200 Sept. 6 —Tongue Lake Adipose 11 710 " 1 year Aug. 24 —Island Lake Adipose and left ventra

3,910 Saint John 2,009 Sebago Salmon 2 year May 29 —Chamcook Lake Adipose and left ventral 6,750 Speckled Trout Fingerlings Sept. 3 —Crecy Lake Adipose and right pectoral 4,000 « Sept. 20 —Folly Lake Adipose and left ventral 7,700 11 II « Sept. 3 —Gibson Lake Adipose and left pectoral 675 " .■ 1 year July 22 —Crecy Lake Adipose and right ventral 770 « " - .■ July 23 —Gibson Lake Adipose and left ventral

21,904 Cardigan Rearing Ponds 2,000 Speckled Trout Fingerlings Sept. 1 —Ellerslie River Adipose and left ventral 2,000 Sept. 1 —West River Adipose and right ventral --- 4,000 Total 71,272

REPORTED RECAPTURES OF FISH WITH MISSING FINS, 1948

Where Recaptured Number Species Date r Dis tributed From Fine Missing

Grand Lake 27 Atlantic salmon Angling season Grand Lake Rearing Ponds Adipose and left ventral 145 Sebago salmon Angling season Grand Lake Rearing Ponds Adipose and right ventral

Waverley Run 3 Sebago salmon Oct. 28.Nov. 10 Grand Lake Rearing Ponde Adipose and right ventral

Rawdon River 2 Sebago salmon Nov. 5-14 Grand Lake Rearing Ponds Adipose and right ventral Lake William 42 Sebago salmon Angling season Grand Lake Rearing Ponds Adipose and right ventral _ 219 Clinch Brook 27 Sebago salmon Oct. 19-Nov. 12 Florenceville Hatchery Adipose and left pectoral

Island Lake 2 Speckled trout July 1, 15 Charlo Hatchery Adipose 10 Speckled trout June 27-Aug. 20 Charlo Hatchery Adipose and left pectoral — 12

Chamcook Lakes 50 Sebago salmon Oct. 27-Nov. 19 Saint John Hatchery Adipose and left ventral

Seventeen females and 33 males, total of 50 or 25.8% of total collection at Chamcook Lakes had fins missing indicating that they had been distributed in the lakes from the Saint John Hatchery. At Grand Lake the marked fish made up 13.5% of the total catch at that place, during collecting operations at Waverley Run and Rawdon River. LOCAL COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL OF EGGS DURING 1948, BY SPECIES

Eggs Number Disposal Eggs Specieà Collection area collected collected Establishment at received Number Totals Atlantic salmon Margaree pond, N.S. Nov. 19-Dec. 1 . 4,463,530. Lindloff Nov. 25 1,585,330 Margaree Nov. 20-Dee. 2.... 2,878,200 River Philip, N.S Nov. 10-19 6,253,000. Bedford Nov. 11, 20 1,401,000 Cobequid Nov. 11-20 2,812,000 , Middleton Nov. 16 1,000,000 Yarmouth Nov. 19 1,040,000 Sackville pond, N,S Nov. 4, 6 134,000. Bedford Nov. 4, 6 134,000 Miramichi pond, N.B Oct. 20-Nov. 9. 9,539,650. Florenceville Nov. 3 1,002,310 Grand Falls Oct. 27, 30 1,501,990 Miramichi Oct. 21-Nov. 10.... 6,909,460 State of New York Conservation Dept 125,890 New Mills pond, N.B Nov. 2-9 1,308,200. Charlo Nov. 3-10 1,308,200 Restigouche River, N.B Oct. 19, 22 1,929,650. Charlo Oct. 23, 30 1,929,650 Saint John hatchery ponds, N.B..... Nov. 13 10,400. Saint John Nov. 13 10,400 Morell River, P.E.I Nov. 12-23 458,900 Kelly's pond Nov. 12-23_ . . . . . 458,900 24,097,330 Rainbow trout Saint John hatchery ponds, N.B. May 6, 18 12,000. Saint John May 6, 18 12,000 Sebago salmon Grand Lake, N.S Nov. 8-15 25,700. Grand I,ake Nov. 8-15 25,700 Grand Lake rearing ponds, N.S Nov. 5-15 121,590. Grand Lake Nov. 5-15. 121,590 Chamcook Lake, Charlotte County, N.I3 Nov. 10-30 59,480. Saint John Nov. 10-30 59,480 Clinch Brook, York County, N.B..... Nov. 7, 9 107,070. Floreneeville Nov. 7, 9 107,070 313,840 Speckled trout Antigonish hatchery ponds, N.S. Nov. 1-94 8,728,780.... Nov. 12-27 (a) 676,000. Antigonish Nov. 1-27 9,404,780 Cobequid hatchery ponds, N.S Oct. 21-Nov. 13 . 4,160,660. Cobequid Oct. 21-Nov. 13 ... 4,160,66 Lindloff hatchery ponds, N.S Oct. 21-Nov. 15.... 223,450.... Nov. 6-22 (a) 265,803. Lindloff.. Oct. 21-Nov. 22.... 489,250 McRae Lake Richmond County, N.S Oct. 7-16 78,200. Lindloff Oct. 7-16 78,200 Margaree hatchery ponds, N.S Oct. 22-Nov. 23.... 910,830.... Nov. 16-23 (a) 41,260. Margaree Oct. 22-Nov. 23.... 952,09 Yarmouth hatchery ponds, N.S Oct. 26-Nov. 12.... 290,700 Dec. 7 (a) 14,700, Yarmouth Oct. 26-Dee. 7 305,400 Charlo hatchery ponds, N.B Oct. 17-Nov. 15. 321,450. Charlo Oct. 17-Nov. 15.... 321,450 Florcnceville hatchery ponds, N.B.... Oct. 5-Nov. 23.... 1,599,500.... Florenceville Oct. 5-Nov. 23.... 1,497,850 Grand Falls Oct. 19 101,640 Saint John hatchery ponds, N.B..... Nov. 4-23 8,259,360 Nov. 16-30 (a) 3,239,180. Middleton Nov. 20, 24 2,077,370 - Yarmouth Nov. 17, 24 2,104,480 Saint John Nov. 4-16 7,316,690 Kelly's pond hatchery pond, P.E.I.... Oct. 30.Nov. 19.... 92,400.... Kelly's pond Oct. 30-Nov. 19.... 92,400 28,902,270 53,325,440 (a) from yearling fish.

INTER-HATCHERY TRANSFERS IN 1948

EYED EGGS Far Fnicznusics

Species From To Date Data Dabs Number received Number received Number received

Atlantic salmon Bedford Grand Lake 300,000 June 23, 24 Cobcquid Middleton 950,000 , April 1, 7 Cobequid Yarmouth 748,600 April 3 Margaree Antigonish 1,000,000 April 8 Middleton Nictaux 943,200 April 22 Nictaux Kejimkujik 200,000 June 12-15 Nictaux Middleton 515,800 June 20-30 Yarmouth Mersey 200,000 June 8-11 Miramichi Florenceville 400,000 March 5 Miramichi Grand Falls 500,000 March 6 Miramichi Saint John 1,000,000 March 17 Kelly's Pond Cardigan 50,000 May 21 Brown trout Middleton Coldbrook 79,040 May 15 Rainbow trout Middleton Coldbrook 58,450 May 14 Salmon trout Middleton Coldbrook . 86,800 May 24 Speckled trout Antigonish Bedford 1,500,000 March 11 Antigonish Grand Lako 40,000 Oct. 13-23 Antigonish Lindloff 1,500,000 March 23 Antigonish Margaree 1,000,000 April 9 Antigonish Middleton 1,000,000 March 27 Antigonish Yarmouth 1,000,000 March 5 Antigonish Grand Falls 1,500,000 March 20 Bedford Coldbrook 200,000 May 31-June 3 Cobequid Charlo 201,300 March 18 Middleton Kejimkujik 200,000 May 19-22 220,000 May 25, 26 Middleton Kejimkujik 36,700 Oct. 31-Nov. 9 Yarmouth Mersey 160,000 May 19-20 Florenceville Grand Falls 22,500 Aug. 25-31 Saint John Florenceville 500,000 Feb. 21 Saint John Miramichi 150,000 March 17 Saint John Kelly'e Pond 1,000,000 Feb. 25 Cardiean Saint John 4,000 Oct. 19 Kelly a Pond Cardigan 623,940 May 15-21

OTHER TRANSFERS IN 1948

Species From To Details

Atlantic Salmon Margaree Hatchery Dr. R. F. Hayes, Dalhousie University, Halifax 7,000 green eggs Nov. 30 Margaree Hatchery McGill University, Montreal 400 No. 1 fingerlings July 13 Miramichi Hatchery Glenora Hatchery, Ontario 150,000 eyed eggs March 1 Miramichi Hatchery New York Conservation Department, Warrensburg, N.Y. 125,890 green eggs Oct. 28 50,000 eyed eggs March 1 Saint John Hatchery Prof. K. Fisher, Toronto, Ontario 50 2 years old April 4 Bedford Dr. R. F. Hayes, Dalhousie University, 11,752 eyed eggs Jan. 12, May 9 Halifax 10,000 green eggs Dec. 12 Grand Lake Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Fisheries Res. Bd. 3 1 year old Aug. 13 Sebago Salmon Grand Lake Dr. A. G. Huntsman, Fisheries Research Bd, 3 2 years old Aug. 9 Speckled Trout McRae Lake (Lindloff area) Lindloff Lake 646 Mature fish Oct. 16 Grand Lake Dr. R. F. Hayes, Dalhousie University, 50 No. 4 fingerlings Oct. 30 Halifax 50 No. 5 fingerlings March 20 100 1 year old May 5.15 Cardigan Fisheries Research Bd., Ellerslie, P.E.I. 4,000 No. 3 fingerlings Sept. 1 Salmon Trout Dept. Lands & Forests, Sault Ste. Marie Hatchery, Ont. Middleton Hatchery 100,000 eyed eggs Jan. 26 Rainbow Trout New York Conservation Dept. Middleton Hatchery 205,000 eyed eggs Dec. 23 Brown Trout New York Conservation Dept. Antigonish Hatchery 60,000 eyed eggs Dec. 2 New York Conservation Dept. St. John Hatchery 50,000 eyed eggs Dec. 1 Black Bass Lake Utopia Lily Lake, Hanta Co., N.S. 44 Mature fish June 8 Lake Utopia Clarks Lake, St. John Co., N.B. 7 Mature fish Dec. 13

HATCHERY OUTPUT BY PROVINCES, 1948 Fry, Fingerlings, Yearlings and Older Fish

FiNcEnurics Total Total Advanced Yearlings distribution distribution Fry fry No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 and older by species by hatcheries

NOVA SCOTIA- Atlantic salmon 500,000 2,627,376 962;192 901,543 132,000 16 5,123,127 Brown trout 65,000 7,211 72,211 Rainbow trout 54,044 54,044 Salmon trout 27,330 27,330 Sebago salmon. 11,824 11,824 Speckled trout 817,700 4,212,111 1,661,038 834,381 205,072 180,500 78,981 7,989,783 1,317,700 6,839,481 2,623,230 1,828,254 398,327 180,500 90,821 13,278,319 13,278,319 NEW BRUNSWICK- Atlantic salmon 162,000 3,220,000 3,291,815 1,249,600 305,520 23,600 8,252,535 Rainbow trout 6,257 6,257 Sebago salmon 15,000 15,000 2,009 32,009 Speckled trout 767,000 3,783,558 856,432 604,725 49,850 42,550 60,600 6,164,715 162,000 3,987,000 7,075,373 2,127,289 925,245 49,850 42,550 86,209 14,455,516 14,455,516

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Atlantic salmon 50,000 100,000 163,300 46,645 359,945 Speckled trout 37,000 484,200 199,600 319,026 40,109 1,079,935 50,000 137,000 647,500 199,600 319,026 86,754 1,439,880 1,439,880 29,173,715 -

SPECIES DISTRIBUTED FROM HATCHERIES IN 1948 Hatcheries and Rearing Stations Operated, Their Locations, Dates Established, the Species and the Numbers of Each Species Distributed from Each Establishment.

FINGERLINGS Year- Total linge Total distribution Estab- Advanced and distribution by lished Hatchery Location Species Fry fry No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 older by species hatcheries

1929.... Antigonish St. Andrews, N.S. Atlantic salmon 800,000 181,000 981,000 Speckled trout 512,700 1,843,175 914,400 108,000 100,000 18,000 18,612 3,514,887 4,495,887 1876.... Bedford Bedford, N.S. Atlantic salmon 186,000 186,000 Speckled trout 225,000 340,000 565000 751,000 1937.... Cobequid Collingwood, N.S. Atlantic salmon 278,092 278,092 Speckled trout 260,500 8,000 1,200 3,393 273,093 551,185 1938.... Coldbrook(f) Coldbrook, N.S. Brown trout 65,000 7,211 72,211 Rainbow trout 54,044 54,044 Salmon trout 27,330 27,330 Speckled trout 88,497 88,497 242,082 1936.... Grand Lake(f) Wellington Station, N.S. Atlantic salmon 189,000 16 189,016 Sebago salmon 11,824 11,824 Speckled trout 39,498 39,498 240,338 1937.... Kejimkujik (f) New Grafton,N.S. Atlantic salmon 142,100 543 142,643 Speckled trout 263,684 62,884 326,568 469,211 1912.... Lindloff St. Peters, N.S. Atlantic salmon 860,000 860,000 Speckled trout 643,112 141,000 299,000 4,872 2,726 1,090,710 1,950,710 1902.... Margaree Frizzleton, N.S. Atlantic salmon 500,000 850,000 175,000 375,000 1,900,000 Speckled trout 748,500 145,000 118,000 77,000 30,500 8,582 1,127,582 3,027,582 1935.... Mersey River (f) Liverpool, N S. Atlantic salmon 42,000 132,000 174,000 Speckled trout 132,000 132,000 306,000 1913.... Middleton Middleton, An- napolis County, N.S. Atlantic salmon 295,000 295,000 Speckled trout 194,500 150,000 22,000 366,500 661,500 1933.... Nictaux(f) Nictaux Falls, N.S. Atlantic salmon 20,000 . 20,000 20,000 1929.... Yarmouth South Ohio, N.S. Atlantic salmon 97,376 97,376 Speckled trout 80,000 376,824 2,454 6,170 465,448 562,824 1939.... Charlo River Charlo,N.B Atlantic salmon 1,075,815 1,075,815 Speckled trout 63,200 158,947 710 222,857 1,298,672 1928.... Florenceville Florenceville, Atlantic salmon 310,000 300,000 140,000 8,000 23,600 781,600 N.B. Sebago salmon 15,000 15,000 30,000 Speckled trout 631,000 880,000 38,000 24,976 1,573,976 2,385,576

SPECIES DISTRIBUTED FROM HATCHERIES IN 1948 (Concluded) Hatcheries and Rearing Stations Operated, Their Locations, Dates Established, the Species and the Numbers of Each Species Distributed from Each Establishment.

FINGERLINGS Year- Total linge Total distribution Estab- Advanced and distribution by fished Hatchery Location Species Fry fry No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 older by species hatcheries

1880.... Grand Falls Grand Falls, N.B. Atlantic salmon 775,000 732,000 250,920 1,757,920 20,378 959,036 2,716,956 tZ. Speckled trout 111,000 827,658 C.4 1874.... Miramichi South Esk, N.B. Atlantic salmon 162,000 2,790,000 428,000 322,600 3,702,600 Speckled trout 37,900 44,232 82,132 3,784,732 1914.... Saint John Saint John, N.B. Atlantic salmon 120,000 713,000 55,000 46,600 934,600 Rainbow trout 6,257 6,257 Sebago salmon 2,009 2,009 Speckled trout 25,000 2,038,000 749,000 387,400 49,850 42,550 34,914 3,326,714 4,269,580 1938.... Cardigan(f) Cardigan, P.E.I. Atlantic salmon 46,645 46,645 Speckled trout 155,000 319,026 40,109 514,135 560,780 1906.... Kelly's Pond Southport, P.E.I. Atlantic salmon 50,000 100,000 163,300 313,300 Speckled trout 37,000 484,200 44,600 565,800 879,100 212,000 5,441,700 14,562,360 4,950,119 3,072,525 534,931 223,050 177,030 29,173,715 29,173,715

(f)Rearing station. The fry and fingerlings included in this distribution were from collections:in:the autumn of 1947 and spring of 1948.

774eeT EXHIBITIONS OF FISH, 1948

Hatchery Dates held No. fish Species Age Exhibited a

Antigonish Sept. 14-18 5 Speckled trout 3 year Lunenburg, N.S. 12 Speckled trout 1 year Coldbrook Sept. 14-18 70 Speckled trout No. 3 fingerlings a " 50 Rainbow trout No. 4 fingerlings " 70 Brown trout No. 4 fingerlings a a

Grand Lake « Sept. 14-18 a Sebago 5 years « 10 Atlantic salmon 1 year Id 30 Sebago No. 3 fingerlings « «

Kejimkujik Sept. 21-24 99 Atlantic salmon No. 3 fingerlings Caledonia, N.S. t\D 6 Speckled trout a ■1:• 1 year Margaree Sept. 6- 9 30 Speckled trout fingerlings, 1 and 3 years North Sydney, N.S. 12 Atlantic salmon No. 2 fingerlings a a di

Mersey Sept. 21 35 Speckled trout 21 weeks Caledonia, N.S. Saint John May 15-22 3 Rainbow trout 2 years Saint John, N.B. 4 Landlocked salmon 2 years 2 Speckled trout 3 years di . 6 Speckled trout 1 year a «

Sept. 2-25 80 Speckled trout fingerlings Moncton, N.B. 4 Speckled trout 3 years II 41 8 Speckled trout 1 year a id 5 Rainbow trout 2 years « /d 100 Atlantic salmon fingerlings a dd 5 Atlantic salmon 3 years dd

EGGS, FRY, FINGERLINGS AND OLDER FISH ON HAND, END OF 1948

Finger- 5 year Total by Total by Establishment Species Eggs Fry lings 1 year 2 year 3 year 4 year and older species hatchery

An tigonish Brown trout 59,150 59,150 Speckled trout 9,022,940 12,960 2,325 5 550 2,388 9,046,163 9,105,313 Bedford Atlantic salmon 1,379,550 1,379,550 . 1,379,550 Cobequid Atlantic salmon 2,727,600 546 2,728,146 Speckled trout 3,960,410 57,180 4,144 5,284 4,027,018 6,755,164 Grand Lake Atlantic salmon 7,445 4,020 11,465 Sebago salmon 83,740 28,840 11,960 1,942 272 278 127,032 Speckled trout 39,536 39,536 178,033 Kejimkujik Speckled trout 36,654 36,654 36,654 Lindloff Atlantic salmon 1,556,540 1,556,540 Speckled trout 348,430 50,000 6,685 3,798 408,913 1,965,453 Margaree Atlantic salmon 2,747,220 2,747,220 Speckled trout 819,630 20,628 9,700 2,051 880 852,889 3,600,109 Middleton Atlantic salrnon 930,550 930,550 Rainbow trout 202,330 202,330 Speckled trout 1,515,870 1,515,870 2,648,750 Yarmouth Atlantic salmon 950,310 950,310 Speckled trout 1,845,130 16,887 1,291 549 33 1,863,890 2,814,200 Charlo Atlantic salmon 2,971,900 2,971,900 265,970 5,493 473 83 272,019 3,243,919 Speckled trout 1,012,810 Florenceville Atlantic salmon 983,910 28,900. 15,000 106,070 Sebago salmon 91,070 2,616,185 Speckled trout 1,460,350 22,960 6,100 2,760 2,395 1,488 1,252 1,497,305 Grand Falls Atlantic salmon 1,467,250 1,467,250 Speckled trout 92,700 92,700 1,559,950 6,646,700 6,646,700 6,646,700 Miramichi Atlantic salmon 8,102 Saint John Atlantic salmon 7,620 482 Brown trout 48,840 48,840 Rainbow trout 534 534 Sebago salmon 53,400 53,400 Speckled trout 6,081,610 .... 26,346 6,910 642 1,528 6,117,036 6,227,912 Kelly's Pond Atlantic salmon 396,570 396,570 Speckled trout 76,060 76,060 472,630 48,793,350 50,000 326,060 50,248 • 19,251 8,512 1,849 1,252 49,250,522 49,250,522 DISTRIBUTIONS

Key to Abbreviations

Species • c Fry A Atlantic salmon d Advanced fry B Brown trout 1 No. 1 fingerlings G Salmon troue 2 No. 2 fingerlings R Rainbow trout 3 No. 3 fingerlings L Landlocked or Sebago salmon 4 No. 4 fingerlings S Speckled trout 5 No. 5 fingerlings f Yearlings Stages of Development g Two years a Green eggs h Three years b Eyed eggs k Older fish

CLASSIFICATION Advanced fry: Fish for a period of two weeks following complete absorption of the yolk sac. Fingerlings: No. 1 From two to eight weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 2 From eight to fourteen weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 3 From fourteen to twenty weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 4 Frotn twenty to twenty-six weeks after complete absorption of the yolk sac. No. 5 From twenty-six weeks to one year from date of hatch.

NOVA SCOTIA Antigonish Hatchery

Antigonish County- Meadow Green River-35,000 Sd, 35,000 S2, Afton River-20,000 Sd, 25,000 Sl, 2,500 S4. 4,000 S4. Beaver Meadow River-35,000 Sd, 20,000 Sl, Middleton Lake-30,000 Si. 15,000 S2, 5,000 S3, 5,000 54, 3,000 S5. North Lake-40,000 Si. Big Brook-South River-35,000 Sd, 30,000 S2, North River-10,000 Sl. 2,500 S4. Pinevale Brook-15,000 Si. Black River-30,000 - Sd, 20,000 S2, 6,500 S4. Pinevale Lake-15,000 SI, 1,087 Sg, 1,000 Sh. Brierly Brook-35,000 Si. Polson Brook-South River-50,000 Sl. Cameron Lake-West River-15,000 Sd. Rights River-60,000 Al. Delhanty Lake-35,000 Si. St. Joseph Lake-60,000 Si, 10,000 S2, 900 Sf. Gaspereaux Lake-20,000 Sd, 10,000 Si, 5,000 Simms Lake-2,000 S4, 200 Sf. S2, 5,000 S4, 1,200 Sf, 600 Sg, 500 Sh. South River-50,000 Al, 22,700 Sd, 135,000 Glenroy River-35,000 Sd, 25,000 S2. Si, 60,000 S2, 600 Sf. James River-40,000 Al, 81,000 A2. South River Lake-5,000 S4, 3,1300 S5. Linwood Lake-40,000 Si, 1,450 Sh. South Lake-40,000 Si. MacDonald Lake-20,000 Si, 500 Sf, 500 Sh. Springfield. Brook-Glenroy River-15,000 Sd, MacGillivray Lake-South River-575 Sg. 10,000 S2, 2,500 S4.

Maryvale or Malignant Brook-30,000 Si. West River-50,000 Sd, 65,000 Si, 45,000 S2, McMillan Lake-10,000 Si, 700 Sf, 600 Sg. 5,000 S3, 14,000 S4, 3,000 S5, 2,000 Sf.

126 Guysborough County- East River St. Mary-200,000 Al. Beaver Dam Lake-Salmon River-15,000 S2, West River St. Mary-200,000 Al. 2,500 S4. Salmon River-50,000 Al, 35,000 Sd, 35,000 Big Gaspereaux Lake-10,000 S3. S2. Black Lake-20,000 S2. Seal Harbour Lake-35,000 S2. Canter Lake-20,000 Si. Shepherd Lake-20,000 Si. Cooee Coffre Lake-30,000 Si, 10,000 S2, Sherbrook Lake-60,000 Si, 10,000 S2, 700 Sf. 10,000 S3, 700 Sf. Snows Lake-10,000 S3. Country Harbour River-40,000 Al. Spider Lake-5,000 S4. Cudahys Lake-35,000 Si. Square Lake-10,000 S3. Desbarres Lake-15,000 S2, 2,500 S4. Sullivan Lake-30,000 Si, 1,500 S5. Dobson Lake-70,000 Si, 10,000 S2, 700 Sf. Summers Lake-10,000 S3. Donahue Lake-80,000 Si, 40,000 S2. Taylor Lake-East River St. Mary-25,000 Si. Ecumsecum River-50,040 S2. Three Mile Lake-30,000 S2. Eight Island Lake-50,000 Si. Timber Lake-8,000 S3. Fitzgerald Lake-30,000 Si. Tracadie River-35,000 Al. Trout Lake-East River St. Mary-10,000 S3. Giant Lake-50,000 Sd, 70,000 Si, 5,000 54, Two-Mile Lake-East River St. Mary-40,000 3,000 S5. S2, 3,000 S5, 500 Sh. Glencove Lake-5,000 S4. Halifax County- Goldboro or Goldbrook Lake-20,000 S2. Round Pond (Smith Settlement)-500 Sf. Goose Harbour Lake-10,000 S3. Pictou County- Goshen Lake-25,000 Si. Barney River-60,000 Al, 30,000 Si. Grant Lake-Havre Bouche River-5,000 S4. Bear Lake-East River St. Mary-5,000 S4. Guysborough River-35,000 Si. Brora Lake-40,000 S2. Hazel Hill Lake-35,000 S2. Calder Lake-30,000 S2. Indian Harbour Lake-30,000 Si, 15,000 S2. Campbell Lake-French River-20,000 S2. Jellow Lake-100,000 Si, 20,000 S2, 700 Sf. East River-70,000 A2, 80,000 Si, 15,000 52, Kennedy Lake-20,000 Sd, 15,000 Si. 5,000 S4. Lawlor Lake-10,000 S3. French River-30,000 Al. Mannessette Lake-50,000 Si. French River Branch (French River Settle- Mason Lake-10,000 S2. ment)-33,175 Si. McInnis (Joe's) Lake-25,000 Sd, 15,000 Si, Lansdowne Lake-15,000 S2. 1,500 S5. Little Caribou River-5,000 S4. McPherson Lake (Port Shoreham)-50,000 McLellan Brook-40,000 51. si. McPherson Lake-20,000 S2. Morrison Lake-50,000 Si. Middle River-30,000 A2. Narrow Lake-35,000 Sd, 10,000 Si, 10,000 S2. River John-10,000 S3. Porter River-35,000 Sd, 10,000 S2. Sixmile Brook-I0,000 S2. Pringle Lake-25,000 Si, 5,000 S4, 1,000 Sg, Sutherland River-30,000 Si. 1,000 Sh. West Branch Brook-East River-20,000 Si, Saint Francis or Goose Harbour River- 5,000 S2, 6,000 S4. 35,000 Al. West River-74,400 S2, 400 Sh.

Bedford Hatchery

Colchester County- Ingram River-20,000 A2. Stewiacke River-20,000 A2. Lewis Lake-Sackville River-30,000 Sd. Carter Brook-30,000 SI. Little Salmon River-Cole Harbour-20,000 A2. Si. Otter Brook-30,000 Si. Moores or Birks Lake-30,000 Halifax County- Ninemile River-32,000 A2. Barrett Lake-30,000 Sd. Salmon River-Echo Lake-33,000 A2. Si. Dollar Lake-30,000 Sl. Stillwater Lake-East River-20,090 Hatchet Lake-30,000 Sd. Tucker Lake-20,000 Sd.

127 Hants County- Pentz Lake-25,000 Sd. Bog Brook-Coxcomb or Cockscomb Lake- Pigot Lake-30,000 Si. 30,000 Sd. Lunenburg County- Card Lake-30,000 Si. Cameron Lake-30,000 Sd. East River-18,000 A2. Lacey Mill Lake-20,000 Si. Gold River-23,000 A2. Lily Lake-Meander River-30,000 Sd. Long Lake-Mushamush River-30,000 Si. Murphy Lake-30,000 Si. Martin River-30,000 Si. Panuke Lake-30,000 Si. Middle River-20,000 A2.

Cobequid Hatchery Albert County- Gilbert Lake-7,000 Si. Pollett River-259,817 A2. Isaac Lake-8,000 Si. Colchester County- Little Lake-Newfound Lake-2,500 Si. Beaver Brook, at Five Islands-4,000 Si. Si. Maccan River-25,000 Debert River-20,000 Si. McAloney Lake-9,000 Sl. East River, at Five Islands-6,000 Si. McLellan Brook-LaPlanche River-2,000 S3. Folly Lake-12,000 Si, 748 Sh. McLeod Lake-200 Sb. Little River-Stewiacke River-2,500 S3. Newfound Lake-10,000 Si. Shatter Lake-400 Sh. Parrsboro Aboiteau-500 Sb. Simpson Lake-15,000 Si. Pugwash River-15,500 Si. Waughs River-12,000 Si. River Philip-18,275 A2. Cumberland County- River Philip, East Branch-45 Sh. Amherst Pond (Reservoir) Nappan River- 2,000 S3. Shinimikas River-20,000 Si, 100 Sh. Atkinson Pond-Polly Brook-4,000 Si. Sutherland Lake-15,000 Si, 800 Sb. Barbour Lake-200 Sb. Vickery Lake-4,000 Si. Black River-9,000 Si. Wallace River-24,000 Si. Cumberland Railxvay Reservoir- I estmorland County- River Herbert-2,000 Si. Chapman Brook-1,500 S3. Doherty Lake-3,000 Si. Jenks Brook-Tantramar River-4,500 Si. East Brook-Maccan River-8,000 Si. North Brook-Musquash Lake-3,000 Si. Fountain Lake-400 Sh. Robinson Brook-Tantramar River-8,000 Si. Fox River (Grenville Bay)-10,000 Si. Timber Creek, Northwest Branch-1,200 54.

Coldbrook Ponds Annapolis County- Lake Paul-9,500 S3. Sixty Lake-3,000 S3. McGee Lake-3,000 S3. Hauts County- Murphy Lake-9,500 S3. Five Mile or Stillwater Lake-5,000 S3. Silver Lake-3,000 S3. Kings County- Lunenburg County- Annapolis River-15,497 S3. Butler Brook-1,500 R4. Armstrong Lake-9,000 S3. Burke Lake-5,000 S3. Dauphinee Mill Lake-10,000 S3. Canard River-3,000 S3. Forties Brook-8,000 R4. Cornwallis River-25,000 B3. Franey Lake-19,044 R4. Brandywind Brook-10,000 B3. Gully Lake-27,330 G3. Cambridge Brook-15,000 B3. Gully Brook-3,000 R4. Crosby Brook-15,000 B3. Harris Lake-3,000 53. Tupper Brook-7,211 B4. Paul Brook-2,000 R4. Crooked Lake-5,000 S3. Sand Lake-11,000 R4. Habitant River-5,000 S3. Sherbrooke River-9,500 R4.

128 Grand Lake Ponds Halifax County- Ragged Lake-Prospect Rua-2,000 Sf. Anderson Lake-Bedford Basin-2,000 Sf. Rawdon River-19,000 A3, 16 AI. Big Hubley Lake-3,000 Sf. Run Lake-Moody Lake-2,000 Sf. Chezzetcook River-19,000 A3. Sackville River-25,000 A3. Cooley Brown Lake-Meadow Brook Saddleback Lake-1,000 Sf. (Musquodoboit River)-1,000 Sf. Salmon River (Port Dufferin)-19,000 A3. Doyle Lake-Moody Lake-154. Sf. Ship Harbour River-19,000 A3. Eagle Lake-Partridge River-2,000 Sf. Sheldrake Lake-2,500 Sf. Fish Brook-Pennant River-1,000 Sf. Shubenacadie (Grand) Lake-6,000 A3, Gorham Lake-Spruce Hill Lake-130 Sf. 9,948 Lf, 500 Lg, 1,075 Lh, 301 Lk, Hawthorn Lake-Musquodoboit River-1,000 Sf. Lake-76 Sf. Silver Lake-Run Holland Lake-Big Hubley Lake-189 Sf. South Weaver Lake-97 Keough Lake-Third Lake-1,000 Sf. Sf. Spider Lake-Little Lay Lake-1,000 Sf. Salmon River-1,120 Sf. Sunnyjolm Lake-Musquodoboit Lake Major-Little Salmon River-2,000 Sf. Lake- 1,100 Sf. Lewis Lake-East River-1,000 Sf. Lindsay Lake-1,000 Sf. Upper Petpeswick, Long Bridge or Bridge Little River Lake-First Lake (Ship End Lake-1,000 Sf. Harbour)-1,000 Sf. Tangier River-19,000 A3. Meisner Lake-2,000 Sf. West River Sheet Harbour-19,000 A3. Miller Lake-Lake Thomas-1,000 Sf. Whites Lake-Prospect Bay-1,000 Sf. Moody Lake-2,000 Sf. Williams Lake-Lake Thomas-6,000 A3. Musquodoboit River-19,000 A3. Hants County- North Weaver Lake-132 Sf. Alex's Lake-Shubenacadie River-1,000 Sf. Otter Lake-Big Indian Lake-2,000 Sf. Kennetcook River-19,000 A3. Rafter Lake-Fish Lake-1,000 Sf. Lewis Lake-1,000 Sf.

Kejimkujik Ponds

Lahave River and tributaries-46,200 A2. Scott Lake-1,800 S3. Lohnes Lake-2,400 S2, Second Christopher Lake-7,200 S2. Park Pond-500 52. Tupper Lake-7,000 S2. Rhyno Lake-8,400 S2. Whiteburn Brook-5,600 52. Smith Lake-Dexter Brook-6,000 52. Wild Cat River-4,200 S2. Wentzell Lake-3,600 S2, 4,200 S3. Mersey River-16,800 S2. Medway River and tributaries-95,900 A2, Beaverhead Lake-1,200 S2. 543 A3. Boot Lake-3,600 S3. Annis Lake-4,200 S2. Fairy Lake-6,000 S2. At Delong's Settlement-7,000 S2, 6,000 S3. Grafton Brook-850 S2, 18 53. Cameron Lake-2,400 S2, 3,000 S3. Grafton Lake-12,750 S2. Charlotte Lake-3,000 S3. Kejimkujik Lake-9,400 S2, 3,256 S3. Collins Lake-7,000 S2. Little River-19,600 S2. Dolliver Lake (Harmony Mills)-900 S3. Liverpool Head Lake-2,400 S3, First Christopher Lake-7,200 S2. Brook-5,600 S2, 2,280 5 Minard 3. Freeman Lake-1,400 S2. Minard Lake--8,400 S2. Harmony Lake-7,000 S2, 3,600 S3. Peskowesk Brook-5,700 S3. Lonk Lake-Ankle-Jack Lake-9,600 S2. Red Lake-2,400 S2. Malaga or Maligeak Lake-8,400 S2. Rodger Brook-4,800 S2. McCowan Lake-7,000 S2. Sweeney Brook-2,280 S2. Mount Merit Brook-2,850 S3. Turtle Lake-4,200 S3. Pleasant River-6,000 53. Upper Mersey River-14,000 S2, 6,000 S3. Pretty Mary Lake-3,600 S2. Westward or West River-17,600 S2.

129 Petite River- Minamkeak Lake-9,384 S2. Fancy Lake-7,000 S2, 1,800 53. Newcombe Lake-1,400 S2. Hebb Lake-8,400 S2. Oakhill Lake-8,400 S2.

Lindloff Hatchery Cape Breton County- Ferguson Lake-12,000 Si, 16,000 S3. Blacken Lake-20,000 Si, 15,000 S2, 15,000 Framboise River-100,000 Al. S3. Grand River-200,000 Al. Canee Lake-14,000 Si. Indian Lake-15,000 52. Catalogne Lake-25,000 S3, 500 Sf. Kytes Lake-20,000 Si. Chain or String Lakes-M ira River-14,000 Si. Lindloff or Hatchery Lake-60,000 Si, Cochran Lake-18,000 S3. 4,872 54. Dutch Brook Lake-12,000 SI. Loch Lomond-230,000 Al. Gabarus Lake-20,000 S3. MacLeod Brook-21,000 Si. Gaspereaux River-130,000 Al. Mary Ann's Lake-15,000 S2, 2,000 53. Lake-East Bay-15,000 S2, 15,000 S3. Gillies McIsaac Lake-12,000 Si, 16,000 53, 677 Sf. Grand Lake, near Louisburg-18,000 S3. McKenzie Lake-15,000 52. Hardy Lake-28,000 S3. Mill Lake-East River Tillard-15,000 S2. Loon Lake-Mira Bay-18,000 S3. River Tillard, head of tidewater-620 Sh. McCormick Lake-12,000 Si, 8,000 S3. River Tillard, above tidewater-529 Sh. Meadow Brook-Sydney River-30,000 Si. Pottle Lake-16,000 S3. River Tillard, East-27,000 Si. Salmon River-200,000 Al. River Tillard, West-28,112 Si. Stewart Lake-28,000 S3. River Tom-20,000 Si. Inverness County- Rockdale Lake-17,000 Si. Brawley Lake-12,000 S2. Saint Esprit Lake-21,000 Si. Horton Lake-12,000 52. Scott Brook-25,000 Si. Pleasant Hill Lake-12,000 S2. Straughton Brook-12,000 Si. Richmond County- Thompson Lake--15,000 S2. Barren Hill Lake-30,000 Si. Madame Island- Black River-50,000 Si. Chain Lake-18,000 Si. Lake-25,000 Si. Breen Forest Lake-12,000 Si. Buchanan Lake-24,000 Si. Grand Lake-21,000 Si, 44,000 53, 400 Sf. Si. Cameron Lake-30,000 Noels Lake-12,000 Si. Falls Bay Brook-5,000 Si. Potties Lake-15,000 Si, 6,000 S3. Brook-9,000 Si. Ferguson Shaw Lake-15,000 Si, 6,000 S3.

Margaree Hatchery Cape Breton County- McPherson Lake (New Boston)-10,000 S3. Black Brook-Mira River-10,000 S4. Pottles Lake-800 Sf, 12 Sh. Ferguson Lake (New Boston)-10,000 S4. Scotch or Scott Lake-3,000 S3, 7,000 S4, Forester Lake-15,000 53. 800 Sf. Giovanetti Lake-10,000 54. Trout Brook-Mira River-10,000 S4. Grand Lake-Indian Bay-10,000 53. Inverness County- Grand Lake, near Louisburg-800 Sf. Big Brook-River Denys 40,000 SI, 500 Sf. Jackson or Johnson Lake-15,000 S5, 800 Sf. Cheticamp River-50,000 Ad, 100,000 Al. Kilkenny Lake-10,000 S3. Galant River-30,000 Si, 200 Sg. McDonald or Widow Lake (New Boston)- Glen Brook-River Denys-30,000 Si, 250 Sf. 10,000 53. Glendyer Brook-30,000 Si. McInnes Lake-10,000 S4. Glenora Brook-15,000 Si. McIntyre Lake (New Boston)-15,000 S3. Grand Etang Brook-20,000 S2. McMillan Lake-10,000 S3. MacKenzie River-Pleasant Bay-25,000 A2.

' 130 Margaree River, Northeast and tributaries-- Skye Brook-40,000 $1, 500 Sf. 250,000 Ad, 190,000 Al, 150,000 A2, Strathlorne Brook-25,000 Si. 275,000 A3. Victoria County- Big Brook-25,000 Si. Aspy River, North-40,000 Al Coady Ponds-200 sg. Aspy River, Middle-30,000 A3. jil Egypt Brook-30,000 Si. Baddeck River-50,000 Ad, 100,000 Al. Forest Glen Brook-5,000 55. Farquar Angus or McDonald Brook- Ingram (Ingraham) Brook-10,000 Si, 720 20,000 Si. Sg. Gillis Brook-30,000 Si. Lake O'Law-3,500 S5. Harris Brook-10,000 S2. Lake O'Law Brook-3,500 S5. Peter Brook-40,000 SI. Lake O'Law, Upper-3,500 S5, 250 Sh. Barasois River-25,000 S2, 600 Sf. Levis Brook-25,000 Si. Campbell Mancini Pond-100 Sf. Brook (Estimere)-10,000 S2. McLeod Brook-13,500 Si, 250 Sf. Dalem Lake (Boularderie Island)-20,000 S2. o Watson Brook-15,000 Si. Indian Brook-St. Ann Bay-20,000 52. Margaree River, Southwest-50,000 Ad, Ingonish River-30,000 A3. 150,000 Al. McLean Brook (Ottawa Brook)-5,000 S2. Captain Allan's Brook-35,000 Si. McPhie Brook (Southside Boularderie)- Matheson Glen Brook-25,000 Si. 5,000 S2. Si. McDonnell Brook-20,000 McKinnon Harbour Brook-10,000 52. McColl Brook-20,000 S3. Middle River-50,000 Ad, 100,000 Al. McKenzie Brook-River Deny's-20,000 54. Beaver Brook-25,000 Si, 250 Sf. McPherson Brook-River Deny's-20,000 52. Black Brook-25,000 Si. Mull River-50,000 Ad, 50,000 Al. Cold Brook-30,000 Si, 500 Sf. Plaster Ponds-550 Sk. Indian Brook-50,000 Si. Plateau Brook-40,000 Si. McDonald Brook-30,000 Si. Rough Brook-River Inhabitants-15,000 S3, North River-160,000 Al. 500 5f. Washabuck River-50,000 Si.

Mersey Ponds Queens County- No. 3 Headpond Lake-33,000 55. Broad River-22,000 A4, 5,000 55. Beaverdam Brook-4,500 S5. Five-River Creek-5,000 55. Bon Mature Brook-3,200 55. Halfway Brook-Beach Meadow Lake- Eagle Lake Brook-5,000 S5. George Lake-5,000 S5. 5,000 55. Kempton Brook-5,000 55. Medway River- Lower Great Brook-8,000 S5. Quarterway Brook-5,000 S5. Morton Brook Mouth-5,000 S5. Salter Brook-5,000 S5. Ten Mile Lake-5,000 S5. Mersey River- Upper Great Brook-9,000 S5. Below No. 3 Development-42,000 A3, McAlpine Brook-4,800 S5. 110,000 A4. Mitchell Brook-4,500 S5. River Bed below No. 2 Development- Path Lake-5,1300 S5. 5,000 S5. Robertson Lake-5,000 55.

Middleton Hatchery Annapolis County- Grand Lake-10,000 S2. Annapolis River-45,000 A3. Lake LaRose-7,000 S2. Elliott Lake-8,000 52. Lake LeMarchant-7,000 Fishers Lake-15,000 S2. Lake Pleasant-10,000 S2. Gesner Lake-3,000 53. Lequille River-25,000 A3.

- -131 Little River-Annapolis River-8,000 S3. Kings County- McGill Lake-8,000 S4. Gaspereau River-25,000 A3. Milburn or Milberry Lake-7,000 S3. Lunenburg County- Nictaux River-50,000 A3, 4,000 S4. Ash Brook-Lahave River-3,000 S2. Paradise Lake-12,000 S3. Benzanson Lake-8,000 S3. Parker Brook-8,000 S3. Canoe Lake, North-8,000 S3. Round Hill River-50,000 A3. Church Lake-10,000 S2. Sandy (Sand) Lake-8,000 S3. Crouse Lake-6,000 S3. Shannon River-10,000 S2. Gold River-50,000 A3. Slocomb Brook-3,000 S4. Indian Lake-Gold River-6,000 S2. Sundown Lake-Bear River-9,000 S3. Island Lake-Lahave River-5,000 S2. Ten Mile Brook-6,000 S2. Kent Lake-10,000 S2. Thirty Lake-10,000 S2. Lahave River-50,000 A3. Upper Mink Lake-6,000 S3. Lewis Lake-6,000 S2. Walker Brook-7,000 S3. Lohnes Lake-5,000 S2. Waterloo Lake-10,000 S2. Lohnes River-4,000 S2. Wiswal (Wiswell) Brook-4,000 S3. McDonald Pool, at Northfield-500 S2. Zwicker Lake-5,000 S3, 7,000 S4. Mushamush Lake-8,000 S3. Digby County- Haines Lake-7,000 S2. Mushamush River-8,000 S3. Lake Jolly-8,000 S3. New Germany Lake-8,000 S2. Lint Lake-7,000 S3. Pine Lake-Lahave River-5,000 S2. Loud Lake-7,000 S3. Ramsey Lake-10,000 S2. Mallette Lake-6,000 S2. Wallaback Lake-5,000 52. Hants County- Wentzell Lake, near Lunenburg-6,000 S3. Zwicker or Daniel Lake-10,000 S2. Whetstone Lake-8,000 S2.

Nictaux Rearing Station Annapolis County- Nictaux River-20,000 Al.

Yarmouth Hatchery

Annapolis County- Dugas Mill Brook-24,000 Sd. Mi11 Lake-330 Sf. Thibault Brook-17,000 Si. Digby County- Lake Brook-24,000 Sd. Third Bear River- Mistake or Porter Lake-240 SI. Barnes Lake Brook-60 Sf. Salmon River-40,000 AI. Barnes Lake-180 Sf. Clearwater Lake-425 Sf. Carleton River- Dean Brook-18,000 Si. Briar Lake Brook-9,000 Si. Dennis Mill Brook-15,000 Sd. Bullerwell Brook-15,000 Si. Shelburne County- Hanf Brook-4,870 Si. Big Brook or Shag Harbour River-2,404 S2. Pond Brook-6,000 Si. Clyde River-12,646 Si, 425 Sf. Church Point Brook-15,000 Si. Birch Hill Creek-12,000 Si. Comeau Brook-3,000 Si. Dirty Creek-9,000 Si. Duffy Brook-3,000 Si. Hamilton Creek-14,756 Si. Haines Lake-240 Sf. MacDonald Creek-6,000 Si. Harris Lake-180 Sf. McGill Lake Brook-4,216 Si. Mavillette Brook-17,000 Sd. Barn Brook-12,000 Si. Old Mallette Lake-270 Sf. Potter's Run-12,000 Si. Meteghan River- Salmon Creek-14,756 Si. At Cyriac's Si. Spring Creek-14,000 Si.

132 Stacker's Run-12,580 Si. Lake Jesse-200 Sf. Si. Stave Creek-6,000 Salmon Lake-400 Sf. Thurston Creek-9,000 Si. Salmon River-700 Sf. East Brook-360 Sf. Bull Hill Brook-6,000 SI. Ogden Creek-420 Sf. Crosby Brook-9,000 Si. Sable River-360 Sf. Gardner's Mill-81 Sf. Tigney River-360 Sf. Hooper Lake-200 Sf. Yarmouth County- Pleasant Valley Brook-9,000 Si. Butler or Chegoggin Lake-500 Sf. Hawley Road Brook-3,000 Si. Carleton River- Sounder's Mill-239 Sf. Harding Brook-6,000 Si. Tusket River-57,376 Al. Hicks Brook-6,000 Si. Big Meadow Brook-9,000 Si. Nickerson Brook-9,000 Si. Gray Brook-9,000 Si. Ryerson Brook-12,000 Si. Halfway Brook-3,000 Si. Brook-6,000 Si. Salter Little Meadow Brook-9,000 Si. Sweeney Brook-9,000 Si. Reuben Brook-9,000 Sl. Hamilton's Pond (Hebron)-50 S2. Tinkham Brook-9,000 Si. 11

NEW BRUNSWICK Charlo Hatchery Antinori Lake-2,000 S3. Louison Creek-18,967 53. Black Brook-Christopher Brook-9,000 S3. Middle River-30,000 S3. Charlo River, above dam-15,000 S3. Nash Creek-9,880 S3. Charlo River, below dam-4,500 S3. Nipisiguit River-180,000 Al. Charlo River, South Branch-2,000 S3. Popelogan Lake-10,000 S2. Christopher Brook-5,000 S2, 15,840 S3. Restigouche River-444,860 Al. Eel River-5,000 S2, 23,840 S3. Matapedia River-181,983 Al. Hariman Lake-35,000 S2. Upsalquitch River-178,972 Al. Henry's Lake-2,000 S2. Robinson Lake-5,000 S2. Island Lake-710 Sf. Tetagouche River-6,000 S3. Jacquet River-90,000 Al. Tongue Lake-1,200 S2. Juniper Lake-5,000 S3. Walker Brook-16,920 S3.

Florenceville Hatchery Carleton County- Burnt Land Brook-Becaguimec River-40,000 Ash Brook-Fewer Lake-30,000 Sd. Sd, 10,000 Si, 5,000 S3. Basin Brook-Presquile River-20,000 Sd. Buttermilk Creek-Saint John River-10,000 Sd. Becaguimec River-25,000 Ad, 25,000 Al, Coleridge Lake-1,000 Sf. 25,000 A2. Cold Stream-Becaguimec River-60,000 Sd, Becaguimec Lake-1,000 Sf. 20,000 Si, 800 Sf. Bennett Lake-200 Sf. Colton Brook-Shiktahawk River-15,000 Sd. River-40,000 Birmingham Brook-Becaguimec Colwell Brook-Bulls Creek-500 Sf. Sd, 20,000 Si. Cross Creek-Becaguimec River-25,000 Sd, Bradley Brook-Little Presquile River-10,000 10,000 Si. SI. Day Brook-Becaguimec River-25,000 Sd, Bull Creek-Eel River-10,000 Si, 2,000 S3, 10,000 Si, 5,000 S3. 500 Sf. Brook-Sherwood Lake-2,000 S3, 600 Bulls Creek-Saint John River-20,000 Si, Debec 500 Sf. Sf, 300 Sh. River-10,000 Si. Burke Brook-Shiktahawk River-15,000 Sd. Dingee Brook-Presquile

133 Gallivan Brook-Little Presquile River-15,000 River Des Chutes-50,000 Sd, 10,000 Si, Sd, 8,000 Si. 600 Sf. Gin Brook-Becaguimec River-20,000 Sd, Rosamond Lake-400 Sf. 10,000 Si. Saint John River-395,000 Si, 110 Sk. Guisiguit River-15,000 Si, 400 Sf. Shiktahawk River-25,000 Ad, 25,000 Al, Hagerman Brook-Meduxnekeag River-20,000 15,000 A2. River-10,000 Sd. Sd, 10,000 Si, 5,000 S3, 400 Sf. Smith Brook-Becaguimec Teague Brook-Miramichi River-25,000 Ad, Hardwood Brook-Saint John River-15,000 Sd. Harmon Brook-Saint John River-20,000 Sd, 25,000 Al. Tweedie Brook-Presquile River-6,000 Sd. 10,000 SI. Two Mile Brook-Gibson Mill Brook-500 Sf. Harold Brook-Presquile River-25,000 Sd, Williamstown Lake-416 Sk. 8,000 Si. York County- Hayden Brook-Becaguimec River-40,000 Sd, Campbell Creek-Nashwaak River-300 Sh. 20,000 Si. Carr Lake-400 Sg. Johnville Beaver Pond-Shiktahawk River-- Charlie Lake-Shogomoc River-500 Sf. 600 Sf. Clinch Brook-Little Magaguadavic Lake- Knoxford Lake-2,000 Sf. 15,000 L3. Lanes Creek-Saint John River-15,000 Sd, Cross Creek-Nashwaak River-22,000 Si. 8,000 Si. Lake-500 Sf. Davidson Lily Brook-Saint John River-25,000 Sd, Dead Creek-Eel River-600 Sf. 15,000 Si, 500 Sf. Four Mile Brook-1,000 S3. Little Guisiguit River-15,000 51, 500 Sf. George Lake-15,000 Si, 2,500 Sf. Little Presquile River-117,000 Si, 10,000 Green Hill Lake-Keswick River-300 Sf. S3, LOGO Sf. Indian Lake-600 Sf. Maynes Brook-Little Presquile River-25,000 Jones Creek-Keswick River-12,000 Si. Sd. Joslin or Waterloo Lake 400 Sf. McLeary Brook-Lakeville Pond-30,000 Sd, Keswick River-25,000 Ad, 20,000 Al, 5,000 10,000 SI. A2. Meduxnekeag River-15,000 Ad, 15,000 A2, Longs Creek-Saint John River-15,000 Si. 8,000 A3. Mactaquac River-25,000 Ad, 20,000 Al, 5,000 Mile Brook-Presquile River-15,000 Sd. A2. Miramichi River, Southwest, North Branch- McLellan Brook-Eel River-4,000 S3. 75,000 Ad, 25,000 Al, 14,600 M. Nackawic River-25,000 Ad, 25,000 Al, 15,000 Miramichi River, Southwest, South Branch- A2. 50,000 Al, 9,000 M. Nashwaak River-35,000 Al, 30,000 A2. Monquart River-25,000 Ad, 25,000 Al, 15,000 Nashwaakis River-600 Sf, 350 Sg. A2. Penniac Brook-Nashwaak River-1,000 Sf. Moose Lake-400 Sf. Pokiok River-20,000 Si, 600 Sf, 300 Sh. Murphy Lake-400 Sf. Shogomoc River-20,000 Sd, 25,000 Si, 600 Sf. Presquile River-45,000 Ad, 25,000 Al, 15,000 Skiff Lake-15,000 L2. A2. Taffa Lake-4,000 S3. Pokamoonshine Brook-Eel- River-500 Sf. Yoho Lake-1,000 Sf, 300 Sb.

Grand Falls Hatchery

Victoria County- Salmon River and tributaries-232,000 A2. Saint John River and tributaries-575,000 Foley Brook-35,000 Si. Al, 380,000 A2, 10,000 A3. Lake Edward-10,000 Sd. Big Forks, Grand River-35,000 Si. Little River-4,000 S3. Boutout Brook-3,000 S3. .Mooney Brook-15,000 Si, 4,000 S3. Currie Brook-22,658 Si. Otter Slide Brook-3,000 S3. Hatchery Brook, above falls-878 S3. Ryan Brook-85,000 SI. Little River-75,000 Sd, 200,000 Si. Michaud Rock, Little River-2,000 S3.

134 Sutherland Brook-25,000 Sd, 85,000 Si. Poltiok Brook-125,000 Si. Tobique River and tributaries-200,000 Al, Three Brooks Deadwater-1,000 S3. 120,000 A2, 240,920 A3. Madawaska County- Baldwin Lake-2,000 S3. Grand River-75,000 Si. Cedar Farm Brook-500 S3. Quisibis River-75,000 Si. Cedar Turn Brook-1,000 Sd. Siegas River-75,000 Si.

Miramichi Hatchery Bartibog River-8,000 Si. Miramichi River, Little Southwest-900,000 Black River-8,000 Si, 6,432 S2. Ad, 81,800 A2. Burnt Church River-9,900 Si. Miramichi River, Southwest and tributaries-- Eskedellic River-8,000 Si. 162,000 Ac, 702,000 Ad, 271,200 Al, Grand Aldouane River-10,800 S2. 119,400 A2. Little Tracadie River-5,400 52. Mill Brook-5,400 S2. Miramichi River, Northwest and tributaries-- Moore Brook-5,400 S2. 1,188,000 Ad, 156,800 Al, 121,400 A2. Napan River-4,000 Si. Pokemouche River-10,800 52.

Saint John Hatchery Albert County- Jones Brook-Digdeguash River-1,000 S3. Gorge Brook-Petitcodiac River-1,000 Sf. Kirk Brook-Canoose River-900 S3. Little or Coverdale River-20,000 S2. Lake Stream-Magaguadavic River-1,000 S3. Prosser Brook-Little or Coverdale River- Libby Lake-20,000 S2. 20,000 S2. Lilly Lake-Digdeguash River-250 Sf. Square Lake-5,000 S2. Magaguadavic River-3,000 Si. Stannard Lake-5,000 Sd. Maxwell Brook-Denny Stream-1,900 S3. Turtle Creek-20,000 S2. McCarlies Brook-Waweig River-10,000 52, Charlotte County- 2,250 S3. Anthony Brook-Red Rock Lake-1,000 53. McDougal Lake 40,000 Si. Bear Brook-Digdeguash River-10,000 S3. McGuire Brook-Waweig River-12,000 Si, Bonaparte Lake-4,500 S3. 10,000 52. Campbells Brook-Digdeguash River-5,000 53. McQuade Lake-20,000 Si, 2,220S5. Canoose River-12,000 Si, 6,000 S2, 12,500 S3. Meadow Brook-Oak Bay-8,000 S2, 1,900 53. River-1,800 S3. Carrs Lake-Bocabec Mohannas Creek-12,000 51, 8,000 52. Chamcook Beaver Dam-2,000 S5. Lake Moose Lake-West Musquash River-10,000 S3. Chamcook Lake-2,009 Lg. Murchie Brook-Denny Stream-8,000 52. Clarence Brook-Digdeguash Lake-6,000 S2, New River-100,000 Si. 1,500 S3. Hill Brook-12,000 Si. Craig Lake-2,500 S3, 250 Sf. Oak South- Crecy Lake-6,750 S3, 675 Sf. Oromocto River, Half Moon Lake-17,000 S3. Denny Stream-2,000 S3. Lake Brook-50,000 S2. Digdeguash River-9,000 Si, 12,000 S2, 6,500 Otter Brook-5,100 S3. S3, 1,000 Sf, 600 Sg. Meadow Brook-4,250 S3. Digdeguash River, Northwest Branch-19,000 Sand South Oromocto Lake-4,000 S2. S2, 1,500 S3. Disappointment or Mistake Lake-3,000 Si. Pocologan River-75,000 Ad. Falls Brook-Digdeguash River-8,000 S2. Sandy Brook-Canoose River-3,400 S3. 53. Gallop Stream (Oak Bay)-9,000 S2, 1,000 53. Soap Brook-Mohannas Creekr-900 Si. Gibson Lake-7,700 S3, 770 Sf. Spear's Brook-Utopia Lake-60,000 Goat Brook-Canoose River-6,000 S2, 2,500 S3. St. Patrick Lake-1,800 53, 1,000 Sf. Green Brown Brook-Canoose River-26,000 Tryon Beaver Flowage-Digdeguash River- S2, 3,400 53. 250 Sf.

135 Twin Lake-3,000 S3. Big Lyons Lake-10,000 Waweig Brook-Waweig River-2,250 53. Douglas Lake-5,000 S2. Waweig River-10,000 S2, 2,000 S3, 250 Sf. Globe Lake--10,000 Si, 6,800 S3. Waweig River East-40,000 Si, 6,000 S2. Long Lake-10,000 Si. Waweig River West-25,000 Si, 4,000 S2. Nerepis Stream-6,000 Si. William Pond (Pennfield)-350 54. Simpson Lake-6,000 Si. Lake-6,000 Si. Kent County- Square Si. Buctouche River-49,000 Si, 24,000 S3. Trout Lake-10,000 Kouchibouguac River-5,000 S3. Otnabog River-25,000 S2. McKee Mills Stream-5,000 S3, 750 Sf. Queen Lake-42,000 Si. Richibucto River-56,000 Si. Salmon River-100,000 Al, 48,000 Si, 20,000 Saint Nicholas River-5,000 S3, 750 Sf. S2. Kings County- Saint John County- Hammond River-65,000 Si, 2,720 S5. Adams Lake-5,000 Si. Mill Brook-20,000 Si. Anderson's Brook Pond-Musquash River- Jack Lake Washademoak Lake-2,500 S4. 10,000 Sd, 1,000 S2. Kennebecasis River-200,000 Al. Back Dam-Saint John River-2,500 Si. Chittick Brook-6,000 Si. River-5,000 Si. Beaver Brook-Mispek Dobson Brook-6,000 Si . Big Salmon River-112,000 Al, 55,000 A2, Dury Cove Brook-9,000 S2. 46,600 A3. Jeffries Brook-12,000 Si. Black River-50,000 Si, 4,000 S3, 3,100 S5. Jeffries or Mill Hill Pond-500 Sg. Black River East-50,000 Si, 2,000 S3. King Brook-35,000 Si. Blindman Lake-600 Sf, 594 Sg, 103 Sh. McGregor Brook-3,000 S3. Boaz Lake-2,500 Si. McIntyre Brook-10-,600 S3. Brandy Brook-8,000 Si. McLeod Brook-40,000 Si, 5,300 S3. Cherry Lake-Kennebecasis River-5,000 Si. Mitchell Brook-40,000 Al. John River-10,000 Si. Crescent Lake-St. Moss Glen Lake-5,000 S2. Crow Brook-6,257 R2. Moosehom Creek-20,000 Al. Dead Brook-Loch Lomond-25,000 Si, 3,000 Parlee Brook-28,000 Si, 3,500 53. S3. Sanction Brook-5,000 52. Dolan Lake-40,000 SI, 6,000 S3, 300 Sf. Smith Creek-21,000 S2, 4,000 53, 2,025 Sf. Douglas Lake-3,000 S3, 3,200 S5. South Branch-14,000 Si. Duck Pond-5,000 Si. Stone Brook-20,000 Si, 7,950 S3, LOGO Sf. Elderly Brook-Little River-20,000 Si, 3,000 Trout Creek-28,000 Si. S3. Walton Lake-10,000 S2. Germaine Brook-40,000 Si, 5,000 S2, 4,000 Ward Creek-44,000 51, 11,450 S3. S3. Wetmore Lake-5,000 S2. Graham Lake-15,000 Si. Woodside Lake-1,000 S2. Grassy Lake-Black River-20,000 S2. Little Salmon River-70,000 Si, 5,000 S3. Hanford Brook-35,000 Si, 4,000 S3. Long Lake-Millican Creek-5,000 S3. Hanson River-20,000 Si, 15,000 S2. MacFarlane Lake-3,000 S5, 625 Sg. Henry Lake-25,000 Si. Mechanic Lake-Pollett River-30,000 S2. Howe Lake-3,000 Si, 1,000 S3. Millikan Creek-9,000 Si, 10,000 S3. Kelly Lake-St. John River-25,000 Si, 8,000 Synder Brook (at Lower Kars)-15,000 S2. S3, 600 Sf. Williams Lake-2,000 S2. Lily Lake (Rockwood Park)-591 Sg. Queens County- Limestone Lake (Brookville)-10,000 Sd. Bogel Lake-1,800 S5. Little River-13 Sf, 287 Sg, 115 Sh. Canaan River-20,000 S2, 5,000 S3. Little River Hatchery Dam-7,500 S4. Caton Lake-500 Sf. Loch Lomond-80,000 SI, 20,000 S2, 16,000 Doherty Creek-500 Sf. S3, 11,000 S4, 7,540 S5, 4,636 Sf, 2,100 Sg. Midland Brook-Salmon River-500 Sf. Lorneville Beaver Dam-2,000 S3. Morgan Lake-500 Sf. Mary Ann Hole-St. John River-10,000 Si, Nerepis River- 4,000 S3.

136 Mayflower or Dark Lake-5,000 Si, 2,000 S3. Sunbury County- McBrien Lake-Loch Lomond-3,000 S5. Little River-48,000 Si. McCorrnac Lake-20,000 Si, 10,000 52, 4,000 Newcastle Creek-Grand Lake-50,000 Al, S3, 300 Sf. 30,000 Si, 11,000 S4, 800 Sf, 180 Sg. McCracken Lake-3,050 S5. North Forks Stream-Salmon River-48,000 Si. 1VIcQuire Pond-Dolan Lake-450 Sg, 100 Sb. Oromocto River-191,000 A1, 10,000 S3, 2,400 Millican Lake-7,000 S3. Sf. Mispek River-60,000 Si, 15,000 S2, 8,000 Peltoma Lake-600 Sg. S3, 2,250 S4. Three Tree Creek-60,000 Si. Musquash River East-600 Sg. Westmorland County- Red Head Marsh-4,000 S3. Cocagne River-49,000 Si, 20,000 S2, 5,000 S3. Second Lake-Loch Lomond-40,000 Si, 20,000 Folly Lake-4,000 S4, 700 Sg. S2, 4,000 S3, 6,750 S4, 3,100 S5, 2,387 Shediac River-49,000 Si. Sf, 1,213 Sg. York County- Stephenson's Pond-Loch Lomond-5000 Si. Cranberry or Harvey Lake-20,000 S3. Taylor Lake-15,000 Si, 5,000 S2, 2,000 S3. Cranberry Brook-Magaguadavic River-15,000 Third Lake-Loch Lomond-30,000 Si, 15,000 S2. S2, 4,000 S3, 3,100 S5, 1,000 Sf. Davis Brook-Magaguadavic River-30,000 Si, Treadwell Lake-20,000 Si, 5,000 S2, 8,000 25,000 52. S3, 4,500 S4, 600 Sf. Duck Brook-Magaguadavie River-15,000 S2. Tynemouth or Ten Mile Creek-45,000 Ad. Mink Lake-30,000 52. Wilmot Stream-Loch Lomond-20,000 Si, Trout Brook-Magaguadavic River-30,000 Si, 20,000 S2, 4,000 S3, 4,720 S5. 25,000 S2.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Cardigan Ponds

Kings County- Mooney's Pond-Morrell River-6,000 S3. Bear River-6,000 S2. More11 River-46,645 A4. Big Brook-Fortune River-6,000 S3. Munn's Brook-Brudenell River-3,000 S2. Big Pond (Hermanville)-6,000 S2. Narrow Creek-Boughton River-3,000 52. Brudenell River-8,000 S2. Naufrage River-9,000 S2. Buell's Brook-Murray River-3,000 S2. North Lake-6,000 S2. Burge's Pond-St. Peter Bay-2,000 S3. Old Douglas Mill Pond-East River-4,000 S3. Cardigan River-2,526 S3, 2,219 54. Poole's Pond-Montague River-2,000 S3. Crane's Pond-Morell River-6,000 S3. Priest Pond (Bayfield)-6,000 S. Creed's Pond-Sturgeon River-6,000 S3. Quigley's Pond, Head of St. Peter Bay-4,000 Dingwell's Stream-Fortune River-6,000 S3. 52. Finlayson's Pond-Greek River-6,000 S3. Ross' Pond-Sturgeon River-8,000 52. Fitzpatrick's Pond-Seal River-4,000 52. Ross' Pond-Boughton River-8,000 53. Fox River-2,000 S2. Saville's Pond (Annandale)-500 S3. Goose or Cow River-8,000 S2. Sturgeon River-4,000 S2. Hay River-5,000 S2. Webster's Pond-Marie River-6,000 S3. Jenkin's Pond-Greek River-2,000 S3. Wigginton's Brook-Boughton River-3,000 S2. Leard's Pond-Morell River-18,000 S3. Whitlock's or Morrison's Pond-Boug,hton MacLeod's Pond-Murray River-6,000 53. River-20,000 53. McAulay's Stream-Morell River-4,000 S3. Prince County- McDonald's Pond-North Lake-3,000 S2. Barbara Weit River-3,000 S4. MclCinnon Stream-Morell River-9,000 S3. Brae River-3,000 53. McLeod's Pond-Midgell River-6,000 52. Cain's Stream-Mill River-6,000 S3. McPherson's Pond-Montague River-5,000 S3. Clark's Pond-Wilmot River-4,000 S4. McRae's Pond-Montague River-6,000 53. Dunk River-18,000 S3. Montague Pond-9,000 S2. Ellerslie River--4,000 S3.

137 Enmore River-3,000 S3. Bell River-8,000 S3. Gard's Pond-Mill River-5,000 S3. Burgoine's Pond-Stanley River-2,000 54. Green's Stream-Miminegash Pond-5,000 S3. Cook's Pond-Newton River-3,000 S3. Lot Six Trout River (above Coleman)-4,000 Craswell's Pond-Htmter River-6,000 S3. 53. Found's Pond-Stanley River-2,000 S4. Marchbank's Pond-Trout River (Tyne Gurney's Stream-Covehead Bay-12,000 S3. Valley)-4,000 S3. Hope River-6,000 S3. McArthur's Pond-Foxley River-3,000 S3. Howell's Brook-West River-6,000 S2. MeWilliam's Pond-Pierre Jacques River- Lane's Brook-Vernon River-3,000 S2. 5,000 S3. McAulay's Stream-Tracadie Bay-4,000 S2. Myrick's Pond-Little Tignish River-4,000 53. McMillan's Pond-Vernon River-3,000 S2. Old Woollen Mills Pond-Tryon River-5,000 McMillan's Pond (Wood Islands)-6,000 S3. S3. McPherson's Pond-Flat River-4,000 S3. St. Nicholas Pond-Sunbury Cove-5,000 S3. McPherson's Pond.Pinette River-6,000 S3. Sheen's Pond-Trout• River (Tyne Valley)- 4,000 S3. Milton Stream-North River-12,000 S3. Sheep River-6,000 53. Parson's Pond-Glynde River-5,890 S4. Tignish River-6,000 S3. Percy Howett's Pond-Stanley River-2,000 S4. Tuplin's Pond-Indian River-6,000 S4. Ross' Pond-Vernon River-6,000 S2. Wright Leard's Pond-Dunk River-5,000 S3. Scott Pond-Clyde River-6,000 S3. Queens County- Southwest River-3,000 S4. Andrews' Pond-Hunter River-10,000 S4. Watt's Stream-Winter River-6,000 S3. Bagnall's Pond-Hunter River-6,000 S3. Weisner's Pond-East River-2,000 S2. Ballero's Stream-Pownal Bay-3,000 S2. West River-10,000 S2. Beaton's Mills Pond-Flat River-6,000 S3. Winter River-9,000 S2. Beer's Pond-Clyde River-6,000 S3. Winter River, North Branch-3,000 S2.

Kelly's Pond Hatchery

Kings County- Prince County- Big Brook-Fortune River-25,000 Si. Barlow Pond-Grand River-4,000 Si. Big Pond (Hermanville)-18,000 Si. Bell's Stream-Provost Cove-4,000 Si. Brittannia Creek-5,000 Sd. Si. Bell's Stream-Mill River-4,000 Buell's Pond (Little Sands)-2,000 SI. Black Pond (Horse Head)-6,000 Si. Crane's Pond-Morell River-12,000 Sl. SI. Brae River-4,000 Dingwell's Stream-Fortune River-10,000 Si. Calbeck's Pond-Dunk River-8,000 S2. East or Hillsborough River--6,000 Si. Carr's Stream-Malpeque Bay-4,000 Si. Finlayson's Pond-Greek River-8,000 Si. Si. Clark's Pond-Wilmot River-15,000 Graystone Creek-Boughton River-5,000 Si. Pond (Cape Kildare)-4,000 Si. Conroy's Goose or Cow River-8,000 Si. Curries Pond-Lit. Pierre Jacques River- 8,000 Si. Hodgson's Stream-Boughton River-3,800 SI. Dunk River-20,000 Si. Larkin's Pond-Naufrage River-15,000 Si. Enmore River-4,000 Si. Leard's Pond-Morell River-25,000 Si. Fitzgerald's Pond-Grand River-4,000 Si. MacLeod's Pond-Murray River-12,000 Si. Gordon's Pond-Kildare River-4,000 Si. Maple Hill Pond-Rob o Bay-5,000 Sd. Ives' Pond-Tryon River-5,000 S2. McRae's Pond-Montague River-10,000 Sd. Leard's Pond-Trout River tributary to Lot 10 Midgell River-50,000 Al. River-4,000 Si. Montague Pond-15,000 Sd. Marchbank's Pond-Trout River (Tyne Valley) Morell River-50,000 Ac, 100,000 Ad, 113,300 -4,000 Si. Al. McAusland's Pond-Mill River-8,000 SI. Narrow Creek-Boughton River-8,000 Si. McNally's Pond-Jacques River-4,000 Si. Naufrage River-15,000 Si. Myres' Pond-Miminegash Pond-6,000 SI. Ross' Pond-Boughton River-12,000 Si. Rix's Pond-lCildare River-8,000 Si.

138 Round Pond (Greenmount)-4,000 Sl. Glenfinnan River-10,000 Si. Scales Pond-Dunk River-20,000 Si. Holmes' Pond-DeSable River-4,000 SI. Webster's Pond-Augustine Cove-4,000 Si. River-4,000 Howatt's Pond-Rattenbury Si. Wright Leard's Pond-Dunk River-8,000 S2. Hughes' Pond-Winter River-2,000 Sd. Queens County- Johnston's River-6,000 Sl. Bagnall's Pond-Hunter River-8,000 SI. Leard's Pond-Pisquid River-5,400 Si, 600 S2. Belle River-6,000 Si. Leard's Pond-Crapaud River-8,000 Si. Black River-Tracadie Bay-6,000 Si. MacRae's Pond (Pinette Point)-1,000 Si. Black River-Covehead Bay-5,000 Si. MacLean's Pond-West River-5,000 Si. Brander's Pond (Seaview)-3,000 Si. Miller's Brook-East River-4,000 52. Clark's Stream-East River-12,000 Si. Cousin's Pond (Seaview) -4,000 Si. Pickett's Pond-East River-4,000 S2. Pond-Hunter River-5,000 Craswell's 52. Rackham's Pond-Wheatley River-10,000 Si. Crooked Creek-Wheatley River-3,000 S2. Stordy's Pond-Crapaud River-6,000 Si. Crosby's Brook-East River-4,000 S2. Taylor's Pond-Rattenbury River-4,000 Si. 1 Dixon's Pond-DeSable River-10,000 Si. West River-20,000 Si. Gates' Pond-North River-3,000 S2. Winter River-15,000 Si.

139