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Enemies of the Lineage: Widows and Customary Rights in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945
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bstract Enemies of the Lineage: Widows and Customary Rights in Colonial Korea, 1910-1945 by Sungyun Lim Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Berkeley Professor Andrew E. Barshay, Chair My dissertation examines Korean widows and their legal rights during the Japanese colonial rule (1910-1945), focusing on widows and their lawsuits over property rights, inheritance and adoption. Utilizing civil case records from the Superior Court of Colonial Korea (Ch!sen K!t! H!in), I argue that women’s rights were diminished by the Korean customs adopted by the judicial system under the Japanese colonial state. By examining the production process of Korean customs in the colonial civil courts, I emphasize Korean agency in the transformation of family customs during the Japanese colonial period. Women’s property and inheritance rights developed in close relationship with the Japanese family policy, which aimed to disintegrate the lineages in Korea into nuclear households. The Japanese colonial state strengthened the household system by protecting customary rights that allowed widows to become house-heads. -
The Hukou System As China's Main Regulatory Framework For
DIE ERDE 143 2012 (3) Thematic Issue: Multilocality pp. 233-247 • Hukou system – Temporary rural-urban migration – China Jijiao Zhang The Hukou System as China’s Main Regulatory Framework for Temporary Rural-Urban Migration and its Recent Changes Das Hukou-System als Chinas wichtigstes Steuerungsinstrument der temporären Land-Stadt-Migration und seine jüngeren Wandlungen With 1 Table More than 50 years ago China’s government established the hukou system in order to prevent rural urban migration, requiring people to stay in the area where they were registered. Migrating to the city without being registered as ‘urban’ implied that the migrants had no access to education, food, housing, employment and a variety of other social services. In 1982, when unskilled labour was in short supply in the booming cities, a programme of gradual reform was started which eased the strict regulations. However, the level of liberalisation varied from one province to another and from one metropolis to the other, creating remarkable differences in the regulatory framework. The paper describes the history of the hukou system and its consequences as well as its reforms from the early beginnings to the present day and discusses the need for further reform. 1. Background operates like a boundary between rural area and urban area and divides the population into rural In most developing nations, economic devel- households and non-rural households (two- opment has promoted massive and uncon- tiered boundaries of belonging); individual inter- trolled migration from the countryside into ests and rights, such as education, healthcare, urban areas (Kasarda and Crenshaw 1991). housing and employment, are linked to the Rural-urban migration is a pervasive feature in household registration. -
Law and Society in Korea
JOBNAME: Yang PAGE: 1 SESS: 2 OUTPUT: Mon Dec 3 11:36:58 2012 Law and Society in Korea Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Yang_Law_and_Society_in_Korea / Division: 00_Prelims /Pg. Position: 1 / Date: 24/10 JOBNAME: Yang PAGE: 2 SESS: 6 OUTPUT: Mon Dec 3 11:36:58 2012 ELGAR KOREAN LAW INASSOCIATIONWITH THE LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Series editor: In Seop Chung, Law Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea In the dramatic transformation Korean society has experienced for the past 40 years, law has played a pivotal role. However, not much information about Korean law and the Korean legal system is readily available in English. The Elgar Korean Law series fills this gap by providing authoritative and in-depth knowledge on trade law and regulation, litigation, and law and society in Korea.The series will be an indispensable source of legal information and insight on Korean law for academics, students and practitioners. Titles in the series include: Litigation in Korea Edited by Kuk Cho Trade Law and Regulation in Korea Edited by Seung Wha Chang and Won-Mog Choi Korean Business Law Edited by Hwa-Jin Kim Law and Society in Korea Edited by HyunahYang Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Yang_Law_and_Society_in_Korea / Division: 00_Prelims /Pg. Position: 2 / Date: 28/11 JOBNAME: Yang PAGE: 3 SESS: 9 OUTPUT: Wed Dec 5 12:52:59 2012 Law and Society in Korea Edited by HyunahYang Professor of Law, Seoul National University, Korea ELGAR KOREAN LAW INASSOCIATIONWITH THE LAW RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF SEOUL NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Edward Elgar Cheltenham, UK + Northampton, MA, USA Columns Design XML Ltd / Job: Yang_Law_and_Society_in_Korea / Division: 00_Prelims /Pg. -
Understanding the Dynamics of State Power in North Korea: Militant Nationalism and People‟S Everyday Lives
UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF STATE POWER IN NORTH KOREA: MILITANT NATIONALISM AND PEOPLE‟S EVERYDAY LIVES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY JIN WOONG KANG IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY MICHAEL GOLDMAN MAY 2011 © Jin Woong Kang 2011 Acknowledgements My dissertation would not have been possible without the advisor and mentors whom I was fortunate to meet along the way during the past eight years that I have been at the University of Minnesota. My advisor Professor Michael Goldman has been instrumental in encouraging me to pursue my studies since the very first time I met him in 2004 when he joined the Department of Sociology. He never failed to cheer me on with praise for my work when I felt underappreciated, and has helped make my work a reality. Professors Ron Aminzade and Jeff Broadbent have given me invaluable insights into placing North Korea within the context of historical and political sociology. Without Professors Tom Wolfe and Hiromi Mizuno, my work would have lacked the historical perspective that it now incorporates. All these mentors‟ guidance, critical comments, and friendship, along with serious discussions that motivated me to revise and reconstruct my work, have helped me complete my dissertation. I would also like to thank Professor Charles Armstrong who contributed generously to this scholarly effort by providing valuable comments. Any controversies or errors that remain are my own. My dissertation work has been funded by the University of Minnesota Graduate School Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship, the National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, the University of Minnesota Graduate Research Partnership Program Fellowship, the University of Minnesota Dunn Peace Research Scholarship, the Don Martindale Award, and the Anna Welsch Memorial Award. -
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JOBNAME: Yang PAGE: 12 SESS: 3 OUTPUT: Mon Dec 3 11:36:58 2012 Preface1 While the law has seldom been a central object of analysis in the sociological study of South Korea, its importance has grown steadily. In the context of planned economic development during the 1960s and 1970s, with the sacrifice of human rights causes and the rule of military authoritarianism lasting until 1987, the rule of law in South Korean society at that time was questionable. Diverse social movements seeking political freedom, class and gender equality, and the restoration of justice from historical wrongdoings, blossomed in the 1990s after the removal of the authoritarian regime provided a highly conducive environment for socio-legal studies. Law and Society in Korea will introduce panoramic views of law and society studies in this postcolonial war-ridden society that operated under the conditions of truce, and yet was both economic- ally and politically relatively successful. The ten chapters in this volume examine these societal and historical conditions reflected in the law – or that were shaped by the law – in various terms: law and development, law and politics, colonialism and gender, past wrongdoings and legal culture, public interest lawyering and judicial reform, particularly of legal education. In dismantling the historical specificity of Korean and, per- haps, East Asian societies and the universal frames of the field, these chapters will provide novel views, theorisation and information about South Korean law and society. Dai-kwon Choi’s chapter reviews the Korean experience via a law and development approach in response to the puzzle of how and why authoritarianism is counter to the rule of law. -
The Hangul Characters
The Korean language is classified as a member of the Ural-Altaic family (other members of this family include the Mongolian, Finnish, and Hungarian languages.) Until the early 1400s, most documents were written in classical Chinese characters (known in Korean as Hanja). As the idiographs are difficult to learn, only the educated people could read and write. King Sejong, the 4th ruler of the Joseon dynasty (1392-1910), set up a special committee of scholars in 1443 to create a new writing system specifically suited to the Korean language. The result was Hangul (meaning 'the one script'). It originally contained 28 symbols, although 4 have dropped out of use. The alphabet has 10 vowels and 14 consonants. The consonants represent the simplified outlines of the parts of the mouth and tongue used to pronounce them. The vowels are associated with elements of the philosophy of the Book of Changes. In 1994, Discovery magazine described Hangul as the most logical language writing system in the world. The simplicity of Hangul led Korea to become one of the most literate countries in the world. U.S. novelist Pearl Buck said that Hangul is the simplest writing system in the world and likenedKing Sejong to Leonardo da Vinci. Even though Hangul is a system of phonetic symbols, it is categorized as new level of feature system, the first and the only in the world. On Oct. 1, 1997, UNESCO designated Hunminjeongeum as world archive property. Koreans commemorate the creation of Hangul each year on October 9. The Hangul Characters Before you begin learning the language, you should take some time to practice writing Hangul. -
Tracing the Korean Orphan and Adoptee Through South Korean and American National Narratives
Orphan, Adoptee, Nation: Tracing the Korean Orphan and Adoptee through South Korean and American National Narratives By Kira Ann Donnell A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Elaine H. Kim, Chair Professor Catherine Ceniza Choy Professor Jinsoo An Professor Grace J. Yoo Fall 2019 Abstract Orphan, Adoptee, Nation: Tracing the Korean Orphan and Adoptee through South Korean and American National Narratives by Kira Ann Donnell Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnic Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Elaine H. Kim, Chair The transnational adoption industrial complex established between South Korea and the United States following the Korean War initiated what is sometimes called the “Quiet Migration.” Since then, over 200,000 Korean children have been sent abroad, and the transnational, transracial adoption industry has operations set up in dozens of developing countries worldwide which takes thousands of children annually from their natal homes and places them in adoptive families in Western countries. For the past seventy years, the figures of the Korean orphan and adoptee have held significant meaning in the imaginations of by South Korean and American citizens. The sentimental figure of the Korean orphan became the conduit through which both South Koreans and Americans defined their experiences in the Korean War. The transnational Korean adoptee has become an icon of the United States’ commitment to humanitarianism and diversity and South Korea’s modern branding as a sophisticated and internationally-networked nation. This dissertation explores how United States and South Korean culture and society have used the figures of the Korean orphan and Korean adoptee to construct national identities that reflect its citizens as virtuous, cosmopolitan, and unified. -
The Politics of Adoption in Korea
LUND UNIVERSITY • CENTRE FOR EAST AND SOUTH-EAST ASIAN STUDIES The Politics of Adoption in Korea Author: Mari Andersson Supervisor: Marina Svensson Master’s Programme in Asian Studies Spring semester 2018 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to examine the politics of adoption in Korea. A theoretical framework was adopted that address gender, culture, and power inequalities in a domestic and international context in order to understand why so many children have been given up to orphanages, and why international adoption has been and continues to be common in Korea. The thesis is based on secondary data in form of academic work and eight interviews conducted with Koreans in Seoul. The collected data indicates that Confucian beliefs make it difficult for unwed and single mothers to raise their children, and therefore feel forced to give up their children to adoption. Many children have in this way ended up in orphanages. The study also found little indication that the Korean state has tried to mitigate the underlying structural gender inequalities and legal and economic obstacles for single mothers to raise their child. The data also shows that there is a notion that it is better to grow up in West than in Korea. International adoption has therefore been seen as a good option and grown bigger at the same time that domestic adoption in Korea is rare due to concerns of bloodlines. Keyword: international adoption, Korea, gender inequality, abandoned children, orphanages, Confucianism, unwed and single mothers 2 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my fellow classmates, as well as all professors and staff at the Centre for East and South-East Asian Studies, for all encouragement, help, wisdom, and fun times in school. -
Victim Silencing, Sexual Violence Culture, Social Healing: Inherited Collective Trauma of World War II South Korean Military “Comfort Women”
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass VCU Phi Kappa Phi Award Winners 2020 Victim Silencing, Sexual Violence Culture, Social Healing: Inherited Collective Trauma of World War II South Korean Military “Comfort Women” MiJin Cho Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/pkp Part of the Asian American Studies Commons, Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, Korean Studies Commons, Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social Psychology Commons, and the Sociology Commons Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/pkp/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in VCU Phi Kappa Phi Award Winners by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 Victim Silencing, Sexual Violence Culture, Social Healing: Inherited Collective Trauma of World War II South Korean Military “Comfort Women” MiJin Cho VCU Honors College Virginia Commonwealth University 701 West Grace Street Richmond, Virginia 23220 USA Faculty Advisor: B.A. M.F.A. Mary C. Boyes Abstract The unresolved reconciliation process for WWII South Korean military “comfort women” presents a case of nationally inherited collective trauma, in which South Koreans far removed in time and space from the historical tragedy feel its implications and obligations for reparations and social healing. In examining the South Korean comfort women redress movement and systemic concealment of WWII military sexual slavery, this study investigates a pattern of victim silencing, characterized by institutional patriarchy and ineffective government involvement, from 1945 to 2019. -
Being Amerasian in South Korea: Purebloodness, Multiculturalism, and Living Alongside the U.S
Being Amerasian in South Korea: Purebloodness, Multiculturalism, and Living Alongside the U.S. Military Empire Honors Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with Honors Research Distinction in History in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University by Yuri W. Doolan The Ohio State University June 2012 Project Adviser: Professor Judy Tzu-Chun Wu, Departments of History and Women's, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Table of Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................3 Introduction..........................................................................................................................6 A Note on Terminology.....................................................................................................19 Chapter One.......................................................................................................................21 Introduction ...................................................................................................................21 Pureblooded Constructions of Race ..............................................................................22 The G.I. Baby and Camptowns .....................................................................................33 Intercountry Adoption ...................................................................................................40 Gendered Citizenship and Korean Family Law ............................................................43 -
Women and Social Change in South and North Korea: Marxist And
Abstract Studies on the position of women in society disagree concerning the type of social system most conducive to the emancipation of women. The socialist system of North Korea and the capitalist system of South Korea are ideal laboratories in which to examine the Western liberal modernization perspective and the Marxist perspective in an empirical context. This paper analyzes how different patterns of social change have affected Korean women's position by comparing the status of Women and women in North and South Korea. Social Change in South and North Neither the socialist revolution in North Korea nor the rapid Korea: modernization in South Korea by themselves served to liberate women, although state interference in North Korea in favor of women, especially, Marxist and in the economic arena, greatly contributed to enhancing women's Liberal position in that society. Both North and South Korean women occupy Perspectives inferior social positions in patriarchal social systems and are subject to many discriminatory measures in the economic arena. They are also excluded from the policy-making process. Major hurdles to overcome by are ideological in North Korea and institutional and structural in South Korea. Kyung Ae Park About the Author Franklin and Marshall College Kyung Ae Park is Assistant Professor of Government at Franklin and Marshall College. She is the co-author of China and North Korea: Politics of Integration and Modernization (1990). She also published several book chapters and contributed articles to Comparative Politics, -
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Korean Adoption Studies () 3 August 2010, Seoul, South Korea
Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Korean Adoption Studies () 3 August 2010, Seoul, South Korea Edited by the 2010 Selection Committee: Kim Park Nelson (chair), Tobias Hübinette, Eleana Kim, Jennifer Kwon Dobbs, Kim Langrehr, and Lene Myong. e academic papers collected in this Proceedings are © 2010 by their respective authors. e remainder of this Proceedings is © 2010 by the Editors. All rights reserved. e opinions and ndings expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of or associated organizations. e romanization of Korean words and phrases follows the McCune-Reischauer system, except in cases where other romanizations are in common use. -: 0-9816537-1-5 -: 987-0-9816537-1-6 Cover design: Heewon Lee Layout: Peter Park Nelson Printed in South Korea Table of Contents Acknowledgements...................................................................i SymposiumProgram................................................................iii Introduction.........................................................................v , , () Silence, Citizenship, and Gender: e Status of Women and Intercountry Adoption in Korea.......................................................................1 Kimberly McKee Gis and Money Between Adoptees and Birth Families ................................19 Élise Prébin Unwed Child Rearing Korean Mothers and eir Experiences with Social Welfare Services ........................................................31 Min-Ok Yang and Boonyoung