Southern Pulpwood Production, 1986

ie* United States @ ;;Of hern P Forest Service Southern Forest Produc Experiment Station New Orleans, Louisiana Resource Bulletin SO-138 Dennis M. May Southern Pu pwood Production, 1986 Dennis M. May Southern Forest Experiment Station New Orleans, Louisiana and Southeastern Forest Experiment Station Asheville, North Carolina of the Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the American Pulpwood Association June 1988 Southern Pulpwood Production, 1986 Dennis M. May Table I.-- In this publication are presented the findings of a 100-percent canvass of all wood-using pulpmills drawing round- State Pulpwood Change wood or wood residues from 12 Southern States (fig. 1). Canvass data are Thousand cords Percent compiled annually and analyzed on an alternating basis by personnel of the Alabama Forest Inventory and Analysis Units of Arkansas Florida the Southern and Southeas tern Forest Georgia Experiment Stations. All production Louisiana figures are reported in standard cords. Mississippi When necessary, pulpwood production data North Carolina for mills reporting in nonstandard units Oklahoma South Carolina are converted to standard cords using Tennessee regional conversion factors, Texas Virginia PULPWOOD All States Fueled by increased competitiive- ness, the result of a devalued American 1 dollar, lower interest rates, and recent Colurnn data may not add due to rounding. mill improvements, domestic pulp and paper products experienced a resurgence in demand in 1986. As expected, this resurgence had consequential effects on the demand for pulping fiber. In the South, pulpwood production climbed 6 Table 2.--Pulpwood production in the Southeast and Midsouth. 1986 percent above the 1985 level to top 60 Region million cords for the first time (table and All 1). Both regions in the South, Midsouth source of wood species Softwo& HardvOOd and Southeast, experienced a recovery in ---------------Stand4 cords----------------- pulpwood production with respective gains of 9 and 4 percent in 1986. Southeast However, the Midsouth contributed 7 Romdwd 19,467,269 14,064,687 5,402,582 percent more to the 1986 production than Residues 8,664,839 7,141,875 1.522.964 did the Southeast (table 21, The State Total 28,132,108 21,205,562 6,925,546 of Georgia was the leading producer of pulpwood in 1986. Alabama ranked a Eaidsouth Roundwood close second, and Mississippi, with a Residues major increase in production, ranked third. Collectively, these three States Total supplied over 40 percent of the total Entire South Roudwd 40,439.843 27,115,068 13,324,775 production. Residues 20,149,920 15,567,714 4,582,206 Softwoods continued to be the major source of pulpwood, comprising '70 I percent of the total production in States of Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, 1986. The production of softwood was and Virginia. 2 split equally between the Midsouth and States of Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Oklahoaa, Southeast regions. In contrast, the Tennessee, and Texas. 1 Table 3.--Roundwood production in the South, by State and species' group, 1986 and 1985 1986 1985 Change from A1 1 A1 l State? 1985 species Softwood Hardwood species Softwood Hardwood Percent Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia I All States 9 40,439.9 27,115.1 13,324.8 37.217.9 25,230.8 11,987.0 Row and column data may not add due to rounding. Midsouth was the major supplier of almost half the total roundwood harvest hardwood pulpwood, furnishing over 60 in 1986. The top three roundwood pro- percent of the total hardwood produc- ducing States also contained over half tion. Both roundwood and wood residues the 114 counties in the South that contributed to the 1986 pulpwood pro- harvested in excess of 100,000 cords of duction record. Roundwood, however, was roundwood each (Appendix tables A1-A12, the leading form of pulping fiber, Appendix figures ~1-~6).Once again, outproducing wood residues by 2 to 1. Florida' s Taylor county was the leading Table 4.--Roundwood production in the South, by State Roundwood and species' mup, 1986 In line with the increase in All pulpwood production, Southern roundwood State species softwood Hardwood production increased 9 percent in 1986 (table 3). This gain in roundwood accounted for 89 percent of the increase Alabwa in pulpwood production in 1986. Round- Arkansas wood harvests in the Midsouth and Florida Southeast increased by 10 and 7 percent, Georgia Louisiana respectively, in response to the Mississippi heightened demand for pulpwood. How- North Carolina Oklahoma ever, the Midsouth still supplied the South Carolina majority of the roundwood harvest (table Tennessee Texas 2) Virginia The top three roundwood producing 1 States were Alabama, Georgia, and All States Mississippi, in this order (table 4). I Together, these three States supplied Column data may not add due to rounding. producer of roundwood, with a harvest in 5). This relatively small increase can excess of 335,008 cords, be attributed to a 3-percent decline in Softwoods were also the major Southeast wood residue production. Wood source of roundwood, comprising two- residue production increased 6 percent thirds of the total roundwood harvest in in the Midsouth in 1986. The Midsouth 1986, However, as a result of the was also responsible for the majority of increased acceptance of hardwoods as a the wood residue production in 1986 source of pulping fiber, hardwood har- (table 2). The three leading States, vests increased more than softwood ranked in the order of production, were harvests in 1986. The hardwood harvest Georgia, Arkansas, and Alabama. These increased by 11 percent, while that of three States collectively accounted for softwoods only increased by 7 percent, 41 percent of all residue production. This allowed hardwoods to account for As with roundwood production, over 40 percent of the total increase in softwoods comprised the predominant roundwood in 1986. The Southeast was proportion of the wood residue produc- the leading supplier of softwood round- tion, accounting for three-quarters of wood, while the Midsouth supplied most the 1986 production. However, as with of the hardwood roundwood. At the State roundwood, the hardwoods have been level, Georgia harvested the most soft- seeing increased acceptance. In 1986, wood roundwood and Alabama harvested the hardwood residue production increased 5 most hardwood roundwood. percent, in comparison to the 1-percent increase for softwood residues. As a Wood Residues result, hardwood residues accounted for 60 percent of the increase in wood In contrast to the 9 percent rise residues in 1986. The Midsouth contin- in roundwood, wood residue production ued to be the leading producer of hard- only increased 2 percent in 1986 (table wood, furnishing twice the amount of Table 5.--Southern output of wood residues for pulp manufacture, by State and species' group, 1986 and 1985 1986 1985 Change from A1 1 A1 1 State 1985 species Softwood Hardwood species Softwood Hardwood Percent ............................ Thousand cords---------------------------- Alabama 7 Arkansas 9 Florida -8 Georgia - 7 Louisiana 18 Mississippi 20 North Carolina 3 0k.l ahoma 20 South Carolina 5 Tennessee. - 3 0 Texas - 15 Virginia -5 1 All States 2 1 Row and column data may not add due to rounding. Table 6.--Southern output of wood residues for pulp manufacture, by State and type of residue, 1986 1 Chips Other residues All All All State types species of twaod Hardwood species Softwood Hardwood Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina Oklahoma South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia 2 All States 1 Veneer cores, pole and piling trim, cull material, sawdust, and secondary residues. 2 Row and column data may not add due to rounding. hardwood residues as the Southeast. The to 119,825 tons per day (table 7). Midsouth also produced the majority of Alabama and Georgia led the South in the the softwood residues. Arkansas was the number of mills operating, with 15 mills leading producer of hardwood residues, each. However, Georgia led in pulping while Georgia led in softwood residue capacity by an 11 percent margin over production. Alabama. In addition, five pulpmills Chips continued to be the predom- from outside the Southern region were inant form of wood residues produced, also drawing wood from the South (table accotrnting for 99 percent of the total 81 * wood residue production in 1986 (table mmDS 6). The dominance of chips was enhanced by a 3-percent increase in chip produc- In the 10-year period from 1977 to tion and a 36-percent decline in the 1986, pulping capacity in the South production of other residues in 1986. increased from 100,894 to 119,825 tons Softwood chips accounted for three- per day, In the same time period, the quarters of the 1986 chip production. number of pulpmills decreased from 113 to 105. This simultaneous rise in capacity and drop in mills is a testi- MILLS mony to the increasing efficiency of existing mills as a result of recent In 1986, 105 Southern pulpmills mill improvements and modernization. To were operating and drawing wood from the meet the new demmd created by the 12 Southern States (fig. 21, Although 19-percent increase in pulping capacity, the number of mills has remained the Southern pulpwood production climbed 24 same as in 1985, pulping capacity fell percent in the 10-year period (fig. 3). Ml LL CAPACITY (TONS PER DAY) LESS THAN 250 * 250 TO 499 500 TO 999 m !,ow TO 1,499 A 1,500 OR MORE Figure 2.0-1986 capacity of Southern pulpmills operating and drawing wood from the 12 Southern States. Numerals are coded to table 7. Table 7.-- Pulping capacity, 24 hours Map Groundwood Soda Location code Company A1 1 Sulfate and other Semi- and processes mechanical chemical sulfita ALABAMA Clai borne Alabama River Pulp Company Jackson Boise Cascade Paper Group Courtland Champion International Corporation Brewton Container Corporation of America Mobile OAF Corporation Mahrt Georgia Kraft Company.

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