DOCSLIB.ORG

Materials Needs and Opportunities in the Pulp and Paper Industry" Was Distributed for Comments and Review at the Meeting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Materials Needs and Opportunities in the Pulp and Paper Industry f' Materials Needs and Opportunities in the Pulp and Paper Industry Advanced Industrial Materials (AIM) Program August 1995 Office of Industrial Technologies U.S. Department of Energy This report has been reproduced directly from the best available copy. Available to DOE and DOE contractors from the Office of Scientific and Techni- cal Information, P.O. Box 62, Oak Ridge, TN 37831; prices available from (615) 576-8401,FTS 626-8401. Available to the public from the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, 5285 Port Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161. I I This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, corn- pleteness. or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process dis- closed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily consti- tute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ORNLm-12865 MATERIALS NEEDS AND OPPORTUNITES IN THE PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY Date Published: August 1995 NOTICE This document contains information of a preliminary nature. It is subject to revision or correction and therefore does not represent a final report. Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Industrial Technologies Advanced Industrial Materials (AIM)Program ED2204000 P. Angelini, Compiler Prepared by the OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY Oak Ridge, Tennessee 378316065 managed by MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS,INC. for the U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY under contract DE-AC05-840R21400 r: TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE (C. A. Sorrel and S. E Sobczynski) ........................... 1 1. WOOD PREPARATION ...................................... 3 3 1.1 WOOD YARD OPERATIONS ............................. 12 DEBARKING ........................................... 3 13 CHIPPING ............................................. 4 1.4 MATERIALSREQUIREMENTS ............................ 4 2. PULPPREPARATION ........................................ 4 2.1 MECHANICALPULPING.. ............................... 5 2.1.1 Groundwood ....................................... 5 21.2 Mechanical Refining ................................. 5 2.2 CHEMICALPULSING ................................... 7 22.1 Digester.. ......................................... 9 2.2.2 Recovery Boiler ..................................... 9 223 Chemical Recovery System.. ........................... 11 2.24 Newprocesses ...................................... 11 2.3 RECYCLED PAPER SYSTEh4S ............................ 13 24 MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS ............................ 13 3. BLEACHING ............................................... 14 3.1 CURRENT BLEACHING METHODS ........................ 15 3.2 NEWPROCESSES ....................................... 15 33 MATERIALSREQUIREMENTS ............................ 16 4. PAPERMAKING .............................................. 16 4.1 STOCK PIPING AND HEADBOX. .......................... 17 / iii 4.2 INTERMEDIATE STRUCTURESDRYERS ................... 18 4.3 PAPER FINISHJNG AND HANDLING ...................... 19 4.4 NEW PROCESSEs/GENERAL ISSUES ...................... 19 45 MATERIALSREQUIREMENTS ............................ 20 5. OTHERTECHNOLOGIES ..................................... 20 20 5.1 MOTORS/GENERATORS/IUR.BINES....................... 5.2 SENSORS AND CONTROLS ............................... 21 22 5.3 MATERIALSREQUIREMENIS ............................ 6. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS/WASTE HANDLING AND . MINIMIZATION ........................................... 22 6.1 MATERIALSREQUIREMENIS ............................ 23 7. WEAR ...................................................... '23 8. CORROSION ............................................... 26 9. STRUCI'URAL AND OTHER ASPECTS . ....................... 29 10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................... 31 11. APPENDIX ................................................. 32 iv ADVANCED INDUSIRIAL MATERIAIS (AIM) PROGRAM (C. k Sorrell) The Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Industrial Technologies (OW)supports research and development (R&D) in industry, the DOE national laboratories, and in universities to develop energy efficient, environmentally-acceptable industrial technologies. The Office of Industrial Technologies is working with Seven energy-intensive industries to develop R&D roadmaps that will facilitate cooperativegovernment-industry efforts to achieve energy-efficient, environmentally-acceptable, sustainable industries of the future. The forest products industry is one of the industries with which OIT is working to develop an R&D roadmap. The Advanced Industrial Materials (AIM) Program of the Office of Industrial Technologies sponsors long-term, directed research on materials that will enable industry to develop and utilize more energy-efficient, sustainable processes and technologies. The purpose of the study described in this report was to identify the material R&D needs and opportunities for the pulp and paper mill of the future. PUIS AND PAPER MII;L OF THE FUTURE (S. E Sobczynski) During the past 12 years, DOE has, together with industry support, provided funding for the development of technologies that could have a significant impact on the energy efficiency, productivity, and environmental compliance of paper and paperboard manufacture. The paper industry has played an important role in the guidance of this R&D program. An exciting new task is beiig undertaken to develop a more comprehensive and formalized strategic plan for DOE'S paper program. This new plan, entitled Pulu and Pauer Mill of the Future, will address the paper mill of the future. The program will impact all National Energy Strategy (NES) goals. These include: 1. EconomicGrowth - enhance U.S. position in global markets - maintain U.S. competitiveness 2. EnergySecwity - encourage the use of renewable energy resources - promote energy self-sufficiency 3. Environmental Improvement - promote environmentally acceptable.processes - maximize the utilization of resources The program is also consistent with the mission of DOE, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, and Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT). The mission of OIT is to facilitate research, development, and demonstration of energy-efficient, waste-reducing industrial technologies which are ultimately factors of successfulglobal productivity and competitiveness. 2 The program plan will be responsive to industry needs. The capital intensiveness of processes will be reduced. One goal is to have the enhand technologies be more cost effective and less capital intensive. The objective will be to improve productivity and to reduce energy consumption. The environmental impact of current and future processing methods will also be mlnlml;red.. The goal is to develop improved processing methods which will reduce effluents, air emission, and/or solid waste. The program will be structured to maximize the impact by leveraging industrial and federal budgets. In general, the industry is evolutionary, not revolutionary, and has low R&D budgets which are generally -1% of sales. DOE will leverage its funding with that from industrial and other federal programs and will seek joint ventures with sustained efforts to introduce pew technologies. Critical technologies will be evaluated that will address the near-, mid-, and long-term needs of the paper industry and those that would best benefit from federal sponsorship. The technology needs that are identified'should span the spectrum from fundamental, or basic research knowledge, to applied R&D activities encompassing pilot plants or commercial demonstrations. The program plan will have a time-phased approach (1) in the near term (to year 2000), where appropriate, demonstrate particularly attractive technologies that are currently available but underutilized; (2) in the mid term (to year ZOlO), refine existing laboratory-scale concepts and develop these technologies with pilot-scale demonstrations; and (3) for the long term (to year 2020), develop completely improved new processes and materials and focus on areas with very substantial energy savings potential. The major focus of the program will be on four general process areas. These include (1) chemical pulping and recovery, (2) mechanical pulping, (3) papermaking, and (4) advanced processes and systems that reduce environmental impact. THE MISSION STATEMENT FOR THE DOE PULP AND PAPER MULOFTBEFUTURE The mission of the DOE program is to enable the paper industry to increase production, reduce energy consumption, reduce operating costs, and meet environmental goals by 2020. The program will identify and then fund R&D to develop, improve, and demonstrate retrofit and advanced technoIogies and, if the demonstrated economics and market needs then warrant, to facilitate the commercial utilization of these advances in the pulp, paper,'and paperboard industry in the United States. The U.S. paper industry, universities, and national laboratories who conduct paper R&D have collectively and convincingly shown that there
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study
    REPORT for American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study Prepared by Jacobs Greenville, South Carolina, USA and Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) at Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia August 2006 Project Number: 16CX8700 P&P Industry Energy Bandwidth Study Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________2 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY________________________________________________3 3. DOMESTIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ________________12 4. PAPER INDUSTRY AVERAGE PROCESS ENERGY DEMAND ______________18 5. OVERALL DOMESTIC ENERGY BALANCE ______________________________32 6. ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION WITH “BAT”______________________________33 7. DESCRIPTION OF A MODERN MILL ___________________________________44 8. PRACTICAL MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION _______________________56 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ______________________________________________72 10. APPENDIX __________________________________________________________73 11. REFERENCES ______________________________________________________111 Project: 16CX8700 1 P&P Industry Energy Bandwidth Study 1. INTRODUCTION The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has been requested to manage a Project, on behalf of the Department of Energy’s Industrial Technologies Program (DOE-ITP), to develop estimates of the present energy consumption of the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry and how much energy could be saved if more efficient types of pulp and paper manufacturing technologies as
    [Show full text]
  • Burning in Naval Stores Forest
    Proceedings: 3rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 1964 Burning in Naval Stores Forest NORMAN R. HAWLEY Naval Stores Conservation Program U. S. Forest Service Valdosta, Georgia BEFORE discussing woods burning in naval stores, what is naval stores? First, be it understood that there are three fields within the activity, namely (1) wood distillation, or the process of obtaining the desired product from pine stumps; (2) the capture of tall oil in the sulfate pulping process, and (3) gum naval stores, or the harvesting of oleoresin or gum from standing, living pine trees, ob­ tained throughout a long working season of some seven months annually. Today, I shall discuss fire in its relation to the gum naval stores business. But first, how did the activity derive its odd name? There is cause for puzzlement. The story is told-with tongue in cheek-that a Secretary of the Navy, somewhat confused, but firm in his resolve to be prepared, declared: "I don't know what it is, but let's get some of it!" The term is a carry-over from the days of sail. Then the product was in prime demand. It caulked the hulls of wooden ships, and treated rigging against the erosive action of sun, rain, wind, ice, and salt water. How old is the business? We know that flammable gum featured heavily in the combustibles tossed around in ancient Mediterranean sea fights. Some writers speak with authority that it dates from the year 315 B. C. Others point to the Bible and quote from chapter and verse how Noah treated the hull of the Ark with derivatives from the 81 NORMAN R.
    [Show full text]
  • BRITISH COLUMBIA PULP and PAPER SECTOR SUSTAINABILITY: Sector Challenges and Future Opportunities B.C
    BRITISH COLUMBIA PULP AND PAPER SECTOR SUSTAINABILITY: Sector Challenges and Future Opportunities B.C. Forest Sector Competitiveness Agenda INTRODUCTION The British Columbia forest sector provides well-paying jobs for tens of thousands of British Columbians, many of them in rural communities, and contributes taxes for important services across the province. This integrated sector is made up of many highly interdependent sub-sectors so it can make the most efficient use of and gain the most value from all the fibre harvested. The pulp and paper sector processes as much as 50% of the total volume of timber harvested each year in British Columbia (B.C.) mainly in the form of residual chips, shavings, sawdust and hog fuel. It generates value from lower quality timber not suitable for manufacture into lumber and other solid wood products. The conversion of these residuals and lower valued fibre into high-valued pulp and paper products results in about $4 billion in sales annually to markets in China, the Unites States, Japan, and other Asian and European countries. The sector is, however, facing challenges as demand for certain types of paper declines and lower-cost competitors compete for market share. In 2015, as part of a process led by the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO), senior government and forest industry representatives undertook to identify ways to maintain B.C.’s overall forest sector competitiveness. A collaborative review was undertaken on a number of the key subsectors of the forest sector to position them for the future. The B.C. Pulp and Paper Sustainability Project was launched as part of this competitiveness agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Paper, Paperboard and Wood Pulp Markets, 2010-2011 Chapter 8
    UNECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2010-2011 __________________________________________________________ 71 8 Paper, paperboard and woodpulp markets, 2010-2011 Lead Author, Peter Ince Contributing Authors, Eduard Akim, Bernard Lombard, Tomas Parik and Anastasia Tolmatsova Highlights • Paper and paperboard output rebounded along with overall industrial production in both Europe and the United States, but has not yet fully recovered to the peak levels of 2007-2008. • Generally more robust market conditions prevailed from 2010 to early 2011, with higher consumption and prices for most pulp, paper and paperboard commodities. • Prices reached a plateau by late 2010 and may have peaked in a cycle that began with rebound from the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; but prices still remained high in early 2011. • The Russian Federation is seeing an almost complete recovery of pulp and paper output to the levels that preceded the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. • European pulp, paper and paperboard output rebounded in 2010 after declining in 2008-2009, but the production levels before the crisis have not yet been reached. • Similarly, US production of pulp, paper and paperboard all rebounded from the sharp declines of 2008-2009, but production levels in 2010-2011 remained below previous cyclical peak levels. • A major project to expand use of larch was initiated in the Russian Federation, while wood pellet output and wood energy use also expanded in the Russian pulp and paper industry. • The market rebound coincides with expanding industry interest in the contributions of paper and paperboard products to green and sustainable development. • Green and sustainable product features such as use of renewable resources and product recyclability help support sustainability initiatives and an evolving symbiotic relationship between pulp and paper market development and the green economy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical Geography of the Paper Industry in the Wisconsin River Valley
    A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY By [Copyright 2016] Katie L. Weichelt Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography& Atmospheric Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge ________________________________ Dr. Jay T. Johnson ________________________________ Dr. Stephen Egbert ________________________________ Dr. Kim Warren ________________________________ Dr. Phillip J. Englehart Date Defended: April 18, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Katie L. Weichelt certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge Date approved: April 18, 2016 ii Abstract The paper industry, which has played a vital social, economic, and cultural role throughout the Wisconsin River valley, has been under pressure in recent decades. Technology has lowered demand for paper and Asian producers are now competing with North American mills. As a result, many mills throughout the valley have been closed or purchased by nonlocal corporations. Such economic disruption is not new to this region. Indeed, paper manufacture itself emerged when local businessmen diversified their investments following the decline of the timber industry. New technology in the late nineteenth century enabled paper to be made from wood pulp, rather than rags. The area’s scrub trees, bypassed by earlier loggers, produced quality pulp, and the river provided a reliable power source for new factories. By the early decades of the twentieth century, a chain of paper mills dotted the banks of the Wisconsin River.
    [Show full text]
  • Timber Bamboo Pulp TROY RUNGE, CARL HOUTMAN, ALBERTO NEGRI, and JACKIE HEINRICHER
    NONWOOD PULPING Timber bamboo pulp TROY RUNGE, CARL HOUTMAN, ALBERTO NEGRI, AND JACKIE HEINRICHER ABSTRACT: Fast-growing biomass, such as bamboo, has the potential to serve an important future role in the pulp and paper industry with potential to both lower resource costs and improve a product’s sustainability. Moso bamboo is particularly interesting due to its fast growth and size, which allows it to be handled and chipped similarly to wood resources. In this study, we will share results of the chip preparation, kraft cooking, and ECF bleaching of this bamboo species and compare its pulpability, bleachability, and physical properties to a fast growing hybrid pop­ lar tree. Results indicate that the bamboo chips cooked and bleached similarly to the poplar hardwood, allowing for co-cooking. The resulting pulps had superior tensile properties at low refining, but did have higher fines that low­ ered drainability as measured by Canadian Standard Freeness. The bamboo fiber morphology was also measured, indicating the fiber to have length weighted average fiber lengths and coarseness values to be greater than the pop­ lar wood studied, which should allow this material to be used in many paper grades. Application: The results of this study would be best used by industry professionals interested in the potential of Moso bamboo as a papermaking fiber. Cooking and bleaching conditions are provided along with handsheet properties and fiber morphologies. ith increasing burdens on land to produce food for the pulp and paper industry. This species originates in W and biomass for energy and materials, in combi­ China, where it is still a major species harvested for its mature nation with rising costs of biomass resources, the pulp culms to use in construction material and pulp feedstock and and paper industry will need fast growing materials to for its young shoots to use for food.
    [Show full text]
  • Scott Paper Co
    SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION FORM 10-K Annual report pursuant to section 13 and 15(d) Filing Date: 1994-03-23 | Period of Report: 1993-12-25 SEC Accession No. 0000950109-94-000524 (HTML Version on secdatabase.com) FILER SCOTT PAPER CO Business Address SCOTT PLZ CIK:87949| IRS No.: 231065080 | State of Incorp.:PA | Fiscal Year End: 1231 PHILADELPHIA PA 19113 Type: 10-K | Act: 34 | File No.: 001-02300 | Film No.: 94517373 2155225000 SIC: 2621 Paper mills Copyright © 2012 www.secdatabase.com. All Rights Reserved. Please Consider the Environment Before Printing This Document - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the Fiscal Year Ended December 25, Commission File Number 1-2300 1993 SCOTT PAPER COMPANY A Pennsylvania Corporation IRS Employer Identification No. 23- 1065080 Scott Plaza Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19113-1585 Telephone (610) 522-5000 SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(B) OF THE ACT: <TABLE> <CAPTION> NAME OF EACH EXCHANGE TITLE OF EACH CLASS ON WHICH REGISTERED - -------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- <S> <C> Cumulative Senior Preferred Shares (without par value) Series designated $3.40 Cumula- tive Senior Preferred Shares.. Philadelphia Stock Exchange Series designated $4.00 Cumula- tive Senior
    [Show full text]
  • USE of NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS for PULP and PAPER INDUSTRY in ASIA: POTENTIAL in CHINA by Mudit Chandra Dr
    USE OF NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN ASIA: POTENTIAL IN CHINA By Mudit Chandra Degree Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF FORESTRY IN WOOD SCIENCE AND FOREST PRODUCTS APPROVED: A. L. Hammett, Chairman J. D. Dolan C. D. West August, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia USE OF NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN ASIA: POTENTIAL IN CHINA by Mudit Chandra Dr. A. L. Hammett, Chairman Department of Wood Science and Forest Products (ABSTRACT) The pulp and paper industry around the world has been growing rapidly. As a result there has been a huge demand for pulp and paper making raw material. Recent years have seen a spurt in use of nonwood fibers being used as a raw material for this purpose. Although some of the nonwood fibers used for papermaking are used because of their fine paper making qualities, majority of nonwood fibers is used to overcome the shortage of wood fibers. As a result their use is more widespread in countries with shortage of wood. The use of nonwood fibers in pulp and paper industry is fraught with problems. Right from supply of raw material to the properties of finished paper, majority of nonwood raw material has proven to be economically inferior to wood. But over the last few years, technological breakthrough in almost all the fields of papermaking have made nonwood more competitive with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till recently, use of nonwood fibers for pulp and paper making was concentrated in countries with limited wood supply, it is now showing an increasing trend even in countries with adequate wood supply due to environmental considerations.
    [Show full text]
  • Pulp & Paper Industry's
    PULP PAPER INDUSTRY& NorthStar Encoders - the Pulp & Paper Industry’s First Choice in Feedback Speed, precision and control are critical in the fast-paced pulp and paper industry. Northstar offers a wide range of heavy-duty encoders and mill-duty magneto-resistive encoders designed to meet this industry’s performance and environmental extremes. RIM Tach RIM Tach c-face mount 8500 NexGen shafted 6200 NexGen Magnetic Incremental Encoder Severe Duty Magnetic Encoder • Largest non-contact sensing gap available • Stainless Steel and Ductile Cast Iron Construction on the market (70-thousandths) for a Rugged Heavy Duty Encoder • Higher resolutions to 2400 • New Sensor Technology Provides Extra Wide Gap for • Active LED with diagnostics even Higher Reliability • Stub shaft available • Extra Heavy Duty Bearings for Long Life • Protective magnetic wheel edge guard • Foot-Mounted or 56 C-Face Mount Ideal for “Flower • Eliminates bearing and coupling which Pot” or Belt Drive Applications reduces encoder failure points • Active LED with diagnostics • Application: Web Handling, Pressing, Drying • Application: Web Handling, Pressing, Drying hollow-shaft HSD35 Voltage Converter RIMFV Heavy Duty Optical Encoder Update Analog Signals to Digital by • Rugged Design Resists up to 400g Shock Combining RIMFV with NorthStar Tach • Stainless Steel Clamp and Hub Shaft for • Update GE BC42 & BC46 Models Mill Duty • Get Modern and Reliable Digital Technology • Compact Design with Field Serviceable • Two (2) Retrofit Packages Available Connector for Solder-Less Connections • Pair with RIM Tach 8500 or 6200 NexGen • Dual Isolated Output Option for Redundancy • Simple Installation • Application: Finishing/Winding Dynapar 1675 N. Delany Rd. View Dynapar’s Encoder and Gurnee, IL 60031 Resolver product portfolio at Toll Free: 1-800-873-8731 www.dynapar.com E: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Cummings Structural Concrete Company Records
    Guide to the Cummings Structural Concrete Company Records NMAH.AC.0218 Erin Molloy 2011 Archives Center, National Museum of American History P.O. Box 37012 Suite 1100, MRC 601 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 [email protected] http://americanhistory.si.edu/archives Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 2 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 3 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 1 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 4 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 5 Series 1: Biographical, 1904-1936 and undated...................................................... 5 Series 2: Operational Records, 1884-1952 and undated....................................... 11 Series 3: Subject Files, 1891-1970 and undated................................................... 28 Series 4: Publications, 1887-1953 and undated...................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry
    Article Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry Qingjian Zhao 1,2,* , Sheng Ding 1, Zuomin Wen 1 and Anne Toppinen 3 1 College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China 2 Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada 3 Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-138-5170-2610 Received: 15 July 2019; Accepted: 17 August 2019; Published: 23 August 2019 Abstract: In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse effect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy flows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively; in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of Pulps for Papermaking Characterization of Four Stockpile Pulps
    -i. 1 tL~~-c4 -- ?L A. ~ ~ ~ Z IE'I I I - c- _- II I _J L CHARACTERIZATION OF PULPS FOR PAPERMAKING CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR STOCKPILE PULPS Project 2406 Report Seven A Progress Report to MEMBERS OF GROUP PROJECT 2406 March 8, 1967 r- 1 9 EPiiBXj 4 Cp I h--IILL I THE INSTITUTE OF PAPER CHEMISTRY Appleton, Wisconsin CHARACTERIZATION OF PULPS FOR PAPERMAKING CHARACTERIZATION OF FOUR STOCKPILE PULPS Project 2406 Report Seven A Progress Report to MEMBERS OF GROUP PROJECT 2406 March 8, 1967 MEMBERS OF GROUP PROJECT 2406 Albemarle Paper Company American Can Company Blandin Paper Company Brown Company The Chesapeake Corporation Consolidated Papers, Inc. Container Corporation of America Continental Can Company, Inc. Crossett Division, Georgia-Pacific Corporation Crown Zellerbach Corporation Eastman Kodak Company Fox River Paper Corporation Great Northern Paper Company Hammermill Paper Company Hoerner Waldorf Corporation International Paper Company Kimberly-Clark Corporation Knowlton Brothers The Mead Corporation Michigan Carton Company Mohawk Paper Mills, Inc. NVF Co. Nekoosa-Edwards Paper Company Oxford Paper Company Potlatch Forests, Inc. The Procter & Gamble Company Riegel Paper Corporation Riverside Paper Corporation Scott Paper Company Sonoco Products Company Tennessee River Pulp & Paper Company Thilmany Pulp & Paper Company Tileston & Hollingsworth Co. Union Camp Corporation Union Mills Paper Manufacturing Co. U.S. Plywood--Champion Papers Inc. S. D. Warren Company Wausau Paper Mills Company West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company Weyerhaeuser Company TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY 1 INTRODUCTION 4 PULPS 8 PULP PREPARATION AND TESTING 10 THE GRAPHICAL PRESENTATION OF DATA 12 DRAINAGE PROPERTIES 27 FIBER DIMENSIONS 31 FIBER STRENGTH 38 BONDING 39 RELATIONSHIP OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HANDSHEETS TO PULP CHARACTERISTICS 46 The Effect of Fiber Length 46 The Effect of Fiber Strength 51 The Effect of Bonding 51 Drainage Characteristics 56 Relationships Among Tests 61 FUTURE USE OF DATA 64 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 66 APPENDIX I.
    [Show full text]