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Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study
REPORT for American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Bandwidth Study Prepared by Jacobs Greenville, South Carolina, USA and Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) at Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia August 2006 Project Number: 16CX8700 P&P Industry Energy Bandwidth Study Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ______________________________________________________2 2. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY________________________________________________3 3. DOMESTIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ________________12 4. PAPER INDUSTRY AVERAGE PROCESS ENERGY DEMAND ______________18 5. OVERALL DOMESTIC ENERGY BALANCE ______________________________32 6. ESTIMATED CONSUMPTION WITH “BAT”______________________________33 7. DESCRIPTION OF A MODERN MILL ___________________________________44 8. PRACTICAL MINIMUM ENERGY CONSUMPTION _______________________56 9. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ______________________________________________72 10. APPENDIX __________________________________________________________73 11. REFERENCES ______________________________________________________111 Project: 16CX8700 1 P&P Industry Energy Bandwidth Study 1. INTRODUCTION The American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has been requested to manage a Project, on behalf of the Department of Energy’s Industrial Technologies Program (DOE-ITP), to develop estimates of the present energy consumption of the U.S. Pulp and Paper Industry and how much energy could be saved if more efficient types of pulp and paper manufacturing technologies as
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Burning in Naval Stores Forest
Proceedings: 3rd Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference 1964 Burning in Naval Stores Forest NORMAN R. HAWLEY Naval Stores Conservation Program U. S. Forest Service Valdosta, Georgia BEFORE discussing woods burning in naval stores, what is naval stores? First, be it understood that there are three fields within the activity, namely (1) wood distillation, or the process of obtaining the desired product from pine stumps; (2) the capture of tall oil in the sulfate pulping process, and (3) gum naval stores, or the harvesting of oleoresin or gum from standing, living pine trees, ob tained throughout a long working season of some seven months annually. Today, I shall discuss fire in its relation to the gum naval stores business. But first, how did the activity derive its odd name? There is cause for puzzlement. The story is told-with tongue in cheek-that a Secretary of the Navy, somewhat confused, but firm in his resolve to be prepared, declared: "I don't know what it is, but let's get some of it!" The term is a carry-over from the days of sail. Then the product was in prime demand. It caulked the hulls of wooden ships, and treated rigging against the erosive action of sun, rain, wind, ice, and salt water. How old is the business? We know that flammable gum featured heavily in the combustibles tossed around in ancient Mediterranean sea fights. Some writers speak with authority that it dates from the year 315 B. C. Others point to the Bible and quote from chapter and verse how Noah treated the hull of the Ark with derivatives from the 81 NORMAN R.
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BRITISH COLUMBIA PULP and PAPER SECTOR SUSTAINABILITY: Sector Challenges and Future Opportunities B.C
BRITISH COLUMBIA PULP AND PAPER SECTOR SUSTAINABILITY: Sector Challenges and Future Opportunities B.C. Forest Sector Competitiveness Agenda INTRODUCTION The British Columbia forest sector provides well-paying jobs for tens of thousands of British Columbians, many of them in rural communities, and contributes taxes for important services across the province. This integrated sector is made up of many highly interdependent sub-sectors so it can make the most efficient use of and gain the most value from all the fibre harvested. The pulp and paper sector processes as much as 50% of the total volume of timber harvested each year in British Columbia (B.C.) mainly in the form of residual chips, shavings, sawdust and hog fuel. It generates value from lower quality timber not suitable for manufacture into lumber and other solid wood products. The conversion of these residuals and lower valued fibre into high-valued pulp and paper products results in about $4 billion in sales annually to markets in China, the Unites States, Japan, and other Asian and European countries. The sector is, however, facing challenges as demand for certain types of paper declines and lower-cost competitors compete for market share. In 2015, as part of a process led by the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations (FLNRO), senior government and forest industry representatives undertook to identify ways to maintain B.C.’s overall forest sector competitiveness. A collaborative review was undertaken on a number of the key subsectors of the forest sector to position them for the future. The B.C. Pulp and Paper Sustainability Project was launched as part of this competitiveness agenda.
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Paper, Paperboard and Wood Pulp Markets, 2010-2011 Chapter 8
UNECE/FAO Forest Products Annual Market Review, 2010-2011 __________________________________________________________ 71 8 Paper, paperboard and woodpulp markets, 2010-2011 Lead Author, Peter Ince Contributing Authors, Eduard Akim, Bernard Lombard, Tomas Parik and Anastasia Tolmatsova Highlights • Paper and paperboard output rebounded along with overall industrial production in both Europe and the United States, but has not yet fully recovered to the peak levels of 2007-2008. • Generally more robust market conditions prevailed from 2010 to early 2011, with higher consumption and prices for most pulp, paper and paperboard commodities. • Prices reached a plateau by late 2010 and may have peaked in a cycle that began with rebound from the global financial crisis of 2008-2009; but prices still remained high in early 2011. • The Russian Federation is seeing an almost complete recovery of pulp and paper output to the levels that preceded the global financial crisis of 2008-2009. • European pulp, paper and paperboard output rebounded in 2010 after declining in 2008-2009, but the production levels before the crisis have not yet been reached. • Similarly, US production of pulp, paper and paperboard all rebounded from the sharp declines of 2008-2009, but production levels in 2010-2011 remained below previous cyclical peak levels. • A major project to expand use of larch was initiated in the Russian Federation, while wood pellet output and wood energy use also expanded in the Russian pulp and paper industry. • The market rebound coincides with expanding industry interest in the contributions of paper and paperboard products to green and sustainable development. • Green and sustainable product features such as use of renewable resources and product recyclability help support sustainability initiatives and an evolving symbiotic relationship between pulp and paper market development and the green economy.
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A Historical Geography of the Paper Industry in the Wisconsin River Valley
A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY By [Copyright 2016] Katie L. Weichelt Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography& Atmospheric Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge ________________________________ Dr. Jay T. Johnson ________________________________ Dr. Stephen Egbert ________________________________ Dr. Kim Warren ________________________________ Dr. Phillip J. Englehart Date Defended: April 18, 2016 The Dissertation Committee for Katie L. Weichelt certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: A HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY IN THE WISCONSIN RIVER VALLEY ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. James R. Shortridge Date approved: April 18, 2016 ii Abstract The paper industry, which has played a vital social, economic, and cultural role throughout the Wisconsin River valley, has been under pressure in recent decades. Technology has lowered demand for paper and Asian producers are now competing with North American mills. As a result, many mills throughout the valley have been closed or purchased by nonlocal corporations. Such economic disruption is not new to this region. Indeed, paper manufacture itself emerged when local businessmen diversified their investments following the decline of the timber industry. New technology in the late nineteenth century enabled paper to be made from wood pulp, rather than rags. The area’s scrub trees, bypassed by earlier loggers, produced quality pulp, and the river provided a reliable power source for new factories. By the early decades of the twentieth century, a chain of paper mills dotted the banks of the Wisconsin River.
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Timber Bamboo Pulp TROY RUNGE, CARL HOUTMAN, ALBERTO NEGRI, and JACKIE HEINRICHER
NONWOOD PULPING Timber bamboo pulp TROY RUNGE, CARL HOUTMAN, ALBERTO NEGRI, AND JACKIE HEINRICHER ABSTRACT: Fast-growing biomass, such as bamboo, has the potential to serve an important future role in the pulp and paper industry with potential to both lower resource costs and improve a product’s sustainability. Moso bamboo is particularly interesting due to its fast growth and size, which allows it to be handled and chipped similarly to wood resources. In this study, we will share results of the chip preparation, kraft cooking, and ECF bleaching of this bamboo species and compare its pulpability, bleachability, and physical properties to a fast growing hybrid pop lar tree. Results indicate that the bamboo chips cooked and bleached similarly to the poplar hardwood, allowing for co-cooking. The resulting pulps had superior tensile properties at low refining, but did have higher fines that low ered drainability as measured by Canadian Standard Freeness. The bamboo fiber morphology was also measured, indicating the fiber to have length weighted average fiber lengths and coarseness values to be greater than the pop lar wood studied, which should allow this material to be used in many paper grades. Application: The results of this study would be best used by industry professionals interested in the potential of Moso bamboo as a papermaking fiber. Cooking and bleaching conditions are provided along with handsheet properties and fiber morphologies. ith increasing burdens on land to produce food for the pulp and paper industry. This species originates in W and biomass for energy and materials, in combi China, where it is still a major species harvested for its mature nation with rising costs of biomass resources, the pulp culms to use in construction material and pulp feedstock and and paper industry will need fast growing materials to for its young shoots to use for food.
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USE of NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS for PULP and PAPER INDUSTRY in ASIA: POTENTIAL in CHINA by Mudit Chandra Dr
USE OF NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN ASIA: POTENTIAL IN CHINA By Mudit Chandra Degree Paper Submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF FORESTRY IN WOOD SCIENCE AND FOREST PRODUCTS APPROVED: A. L. Hammett, Chairman J. D. Dolan C. D. West August, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia USE OF NONWOOD PLANT FIBERS FOR PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY IN ASIA: POTENTIAL IN CHINA by Mudit Chandra Dr. A. L. Hammett, Chairman Department of Wood Science and Forest Products (ABSTRACT) The pulp and paper industry around the world has been growing rapidly. As a result there has been a huge demand for pulp and paper making raw material. Recent years have seen a spurt in use of nonwood fibers being used as a raw material for this purpose. Although some of the nonwood fibers used for papermaking are used because of their fine paper making qualities, majority of nonwood fibers is used to overcome the shortage of wood fibers. As a result their use is more widespread in countries with shortage of wood. The use of nonwood fibers in pulp and paper industry is fraught with problems. Right from supply of raw material to the properties of finished paper, majority of nonwood raw material has proven to be economically inferior to wood. But over the last few years, technological breakthrough in almost all the fields of papermaking have made nonwood more competitive with wood as a raw material for papermaking. Although till recently, use of nonwood fibers for pulp and paper making was concentrated in countries with limited wood supply, it is now showing an increasing trend even in countries with adequate wood supply due to environmental considerations.
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Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry
Article Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry Qingjian Zhao 1,2,* , Sheng Ding 1, Zuomin Wen 1 and Anne Toppinen 3 1 College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China 2 Faculty of Forestry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H7, Canada 3 Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-138-5170-2610 Received: 15 July 2019; Accepted: 17 August 2019; Published: 23 August 2019 Abstract: In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse eﬀect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy ﬂows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively; in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively.
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Wood Pulp and Waste Paper
Wood Pulp and Waste Paper USITC Publication 3490 February 2002 OFFICE OF INDUSTRIES U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION COMMISSIONERS Stephen Koplan, Chairman Deanna Tanner Okun, Vice Chairman Lynn M. Bragg Marcia E. Miller Jennifer A. Hillman Director of Operations Robert A. Rogowsky Director of Industries Vern Simpson This report was prepared principally by Fred Forstall Animal and Forest Products Branch Agriculture and Forest Products Division Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 www.usitc.gov ITC READER SATISFACTION SURVEY Industry and Trade Summary: Wood Pulp and Waste Paper The U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) is interested in your voluntary comments (burden < 15 minutes) to help us assess the value and quality of our reports, and to assist us in improving future products. Please return survey by fax (202-205-2384) or by mail to the ITC. Your name and title (please print; responses below not for attribution): Please specify information in this report most useful to you/your organization: Was any information missing that you consider important? Yes (specify below) No If yes, please identify missing information and why it would be important or helpful to you: Please assess the value of this ITC report (answer below by circling all that apply): SA—Strongly Agree; A—Agree; N—No Opinion/Not Applicable; D—Disagree; SD—Strongly Disagree " Report presents new facts, information,
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Handbook on Pulp and Paper Processing
Handbook on Pulp and Paper Processing Author: NPCS Board of Consultants & Engineers Format: Hardcover ISBN: 9788178331140 Code: NI212 Pages: 704 Price: Rs. 1,875.00 US$ 150.00 Publisher: Asia Pacific Business Press Inc. Usually ships within 5 days The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood as raw material and produce pulp, paper, board and other cellulose based products. The pulp and paper sector presents one of the energy intensive and highly polluting sectors within the Indian economy and is therefore of particular interest in the context of both local and global environmental discussions. Increases in productivity through the adoption of more efficient and cleaner technologies in the manufacturing sector will be most effective in merging economic, environmental, and social development objectives. Papers are mostly used product starting from writing to packaging. It plays an important role in commercial field as well as in academic field also. Without paper nothing is expressible and reliable, so paper is part and parcel of our life. Adequate amount of raw materials for processing paper and pulp is available. Bamboo is the main raw material for Indian paper industry. New bamboo areas even at high cost are being trapped. Some of the examples of high yield pulping process are mechanical process, semi chemical process, alkaline chemical process, sulfite process, etc. Physical strength properties of paper depend on the quality of raw material, its pulping, bleaching and subsequent paper making processes. Technology has made it easy to process these raw materials in an economic and lucrative way to meet the global demand.
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State of the Paper Industry 2007
The State of the Paper Industry Monitoring the Indicators of Environmental Performance A collaborative report by the Steering Committee of the Environmental Paper Network THE STATE OF THE PAPER INDUSTRY EDITOR: Jennifer Roberts AUTHORS: Susan Kinsella, Gerard Gleason,Victoria Mills, Nicole Rycroft, Jim Ford, Kelly Sheehan, Joshua Martin LEAD RESEARCHER: Sarah Ives ADDITIONAL RESEARCH: Mary Lee Haughwout, Aimee Baxendell, Aaron Firestone ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: The Environmental Paper Network would like to express our appreciation to the following experts who provided comments on a draft of this report: Janet Abramowitz, Peter Lee, Derek Smith, Judy Rodrigues, Delores Broten, Tyson Miller, Frank Locantore, Scot Quaranda, Peggy Bernard, Danna Smith, Jim Strittholt, Debbie Hammel, Eric Palola and Laura Hickey. The authors would also like to acknowledge and thank for their help: Tracy Godfrey,Valerie Langer, Tracy London, Andrew Goldberg, Aaron Sanger, Sean Cadman, Orin Langelle, and Anne Petermann. LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Serena Fox Design (www.serenafoxdesign.com) The Environmental Paper Network l inks environmental organizations that collaborate to support the conversion of the pulp and paper industry to socially and environmentally sustainable processes. For more information visit: www.environmentalpaper.org Steering Committee of the Environmental Paper Network: A s You Sow, Borealis Centre for Environmental and Trade Research, Conservatree, Co-op America, Green Press Initiative, Dogwood Alliance, ForestEthics, Environmental Defense, Markets Initiative, National Wildlife Federation. Copyright Environmental Paper Network, 2007 Executive Summary printed on 100% post-consumer recycled paper, processed chlorine free. In an effort to conserve resources, the full report is only available online at: www.environmentalpaper.org/stateofthepaperindustry. If printing the report or portions of it, please print double-sided whenever possible and consider your choice of paper carefully.
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- David A. Sonnenfeld L. Carper/R. Reen, 1999 , , Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Chicago, August 1999, and in talks at Berkeley, Tulane, and Cornell. The paper has benefited from generous comments by David Vogel, Tammy Lewis, and David Peerla and Riley Dunlap. Arthur Mol contributed valued encouragement and insight on ecological modernization processes. The Institute of International Studies, University of California, Berkeley, provided a conducive writing environment. This paper is based in part on the author’s dissertation (Sonnenfeld 1996b). Fieldwork was supported by the Australian-American Educational Foundation (Fulbright Commission); Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation, University of California; University of California, Santa Cruz; and Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australian National University. Additional support for reporting results of this research was received from the University of California, Berkeley, and the Switzer Foundation. Responsibility for the final results are the author’s alone. December 1999 i Introduction 1 Ecological Modernization Theory 2 Research Methods 4 Transformation of Pulp Manufacturing 8 Conclusion 24 References 32 ii : David A. Sonnenfeld Assistant Professor of Sociology Washington State University No industry has been affected by environmental social movements as much, in so short a time, and on such a wide geographical scale, as pulp and paper manufacturing. Environmental social move- ments have had a profound influence on the industry since the mid- to late 1980s. In just a few years, “state of the art” pulping and bleaching has become more environmentally friendly. Manufac- turers around the world have spent billions of US dollars adopting new technologies, modifying old ones, and developing local innovations to meet rising environmental demands, expectations, and regulations.
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