Advanced Structured Materials

Volume 85

Series editors Andreas Öchsner, Esslingen, Germany Lucas F. M. da Silva, Porto, Portugal Holm Altenbach, Magdeburg, Germany More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8611 Andreas Öchsner Editor

Engineering Applications for New Materials and Technologies

123 Editor Andreas Öchsner Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Esslingen University of Applied Sciences Esslingen Germany

ISSN 1869-8433 ISSN 1869-8441 (electronic) Advanced Structured Materials ISBN 978-3-319-72696-0 ISBN 978-3-319-72697-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72697-7

Library of Congress Control Number: 2017961094

© Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Printed on acid-free paper

This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface

Engineering knowledge, skills, and development procedures play an important role for the development of new materials and technologies. As an example, modern joining technologies can be mentioned to fabricate new compound or composite materials, even composed of dissimilar materials. Such materials are many times exposed to harsh environments and must reveal specific properties. Technologies in this context are mainly related to the transportation technologies in their wider sense. This means automotive, marine technology, i.e., ships, amphibious vehicles, docks, offshore structures, and even robots. To achieve a certain performance, computer-based engineering tools are widely used and related to the simulation, evaluation of data and design processes. Typically, finite element and finite volume methods are used in the context of engineering simulations and this volume contains many state-of-the-art applications and developments to highlight their importance. This volume contains selected and reviewed manuscripts from the International Conference on Marine & Automotive Technology (ICMAT 2017), ‘Propelling & Driving Innovative Ideas,’ which was held from March 15 to 17, 2017, at the Penang Island, Malaysia. This conference was organized by the Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Dataran Industri Teknologi Kejuruteraan Marin, Bandar Teknologi Maritim, Jalan Pantai Remis, 32200 Lumut, Perak, Malaysia. The committee members can be listed as follows: Patron: Assoc. Prof. Zainorin Mohamad (Head of Campus/Dean). Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd Yuzri Mohd Yusop (Deputy Dean, Academic & Technology), Dr. Puteri Zarina Megat Khalid (Deputy Dean, Student Development and Campus Lifestyle). Chairman: Dr. Wardiah Mohd Dahalan. Co-Chairman: Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah. Chief of Publication: Azman Ismail. Publication: Fauziah Ab Rahman, Amirrudin Yaacob, Sarah Nadiah Rashidi, Mohamad Rafiuddin Che Othman. Secretary: Noorazlina Mohamid Salih, Muhamad Fadli Ghani. Protocol: Norfadhlina Khalid, Fatin Zawani Zainal Azaim. Audit/Jury:

v vi Preface

Azman Ismail, Atzroulnizam Abu, Dr. Norshakila Haris. Finance: Neirul Nisa Abd Latib. Registration: Siti Nur Azreen Ismail. Promotion: Mohd Saidi Hanaffi, Azila Ayub. Logistics: Daud Saari. IT/Photography: Yusmizhar Serad. Prizes/Certificates: Nordiana Jamil. Sponsorship: Mohd Shahrizam Saharudin. IIIP: Siti Noor Kamariah Yaakop.

Esslingen, Germany Andreas Öchsner Contents

A Study on the Effect of Parameters on the Tensile Strength of Friction Stir Welded AA6061 1.5 mm Thin Plate Butt-Joints ...... 1 Nurfadilah Sukara, Azman Ismail, Darulihsan Abdul Hamid, Fauziah Ab Rahman, Bakhtiar Ariff Baharudin and Puteri Zarina Megat Khalid Physical and Chemical Properties of Perak River Sand for Greensand Casting Molds ...... 13 Muhammad Arieef Bin Hussain, Azhar Bin Abdullah and Rusmay Bin Abdullah Potential Use of Cellulose Fibre Composites in Marine Environment—A Review ...... 25 Muhamad Firdaus Muhamad Yang, Hisham Hamid and Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah Development of a Batik Fiberglass Composite for Marine Applications Based on Water Absorption Testing ...... 57 Muhammad Abdul Mun’aim Bin Mohd Idrus, Siti Amelia Binti Amiruddin, Siti Afiza Binti Johari Jamaludin and Shamsul Effendy Bin Abdul Hamid Flame Spread Behavior over Kenaf Fabric, Polyester Fabric, and Kenaf/Polyester Combined Fabric ...... 67 Mohd Azahari Razali, Azwan Sapit, Akmal Nizam Mohammed, Mohd Faisal Hushim, Azmahani Sadikin, Md Norrizam Mohmad Ja’at, Hazahir Peraman and Mirnah Suardi Design and Analysis of an Automotive Oil Filter Gripper Socket Special Tool ...... 77 Chee Guan Choong, Chun Lin Saw and Yoke Yin Chiang

vii viii Contents

The Development of Hovercraft Design with a Horizontal Propulsion System ...... 91 Khairul Anuar Mat Saad, Kogulan Murugan and Mohd Amin Hakim Ramli A Rule Based Method to Auto-recognize Fillet Features of B-Rep Mill Parts ...... 105 Pramodkumar Siddappa Kataraki and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor Experimental Study of Direct Injected Marine Auxiliary Diesel Engine Performance, Emission and Cylinder Pressure Using Biodiesel Fuels Derived from Jatropha Curcas Oil ...... 115 Ridwan Saputra Nursal, Zakiman Zali, Ismail Zainol and Mohd Nazri Mohd Sabri Integrated Full Electric Propulsion System for Tanker Ships with Combined Diesel and Hydro Generator Drive ...... 137 Wilfredo Yutuc, Hamzah Jamal and Bahktiar Afandi A Stress Analysis and Design Improvement of a Car Door Hinge for Compact Cars ...... 151 Tajul Adli Abdul Razak, Muhammad Najib Abdul Hamid, Ahmadiamri Mohd Ghazali, Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid and Khairul Shahril Shafee Development of a Global Warming Impact Prediction Analysis Tool for Mobile Vehicles ...... 163 Chun Lin Saw, Chee Guan Choong, Yoke Yen Chiang and Azmi Naroh Surface Recognition and Volume Generation for Symmetrical Parts Using a Mirror Approach ...... 171 Ahmad Faiz Zubair and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor Influence of Passenger Car Air Conditioner System Thermostat Level Setting to Fuel Consumption and Thermal Comfort ...... 183 Rawaida Muhammad, Muhammad Khiril Kamaruddin and Yeoh Poh See Investigation of the Piston Bowl Shape Effect on the Diesel Spray Development ...... 197 Azwan Sapit, Mohd Azahari Razali, Akmal Nizam Mohammad, Mohd Faisal Hushim, Azmahani Binti Sadikin and Md Norrizam Bin Mohmad Ja’at Improvement of the Switching of Behaviours Using a Fuzzy Inference System for Powered Wheelchair Controllers ...... 205 Jaya Bhanu Rao and Ahmad Zakaria Contents ix

Mesh Filtering Algorithm for Virtualisation of Rapid Prototype Models Based on Digitised Data ...... 219 Nur Ilham Aminullah Abdulqawi and Mohd Salman Abu Mansor The Development of a Mobile Campus Information Sharing Android Application ...... 231 Shareen Adlina Shamsuddin, Mohammad Arif Kader, Norazlina Abdul Nasir, Nurul Akmal Radzi and Fatimah Abdul Hamid Service Restoration Based on Simultaneous Network Reconfiguration and Distributed Generation Sizing for Loss Minimization Using a Modified Genetic Algorithm ...... 239 W. M. Dahalan, H. Mokhlis, M. K. P. Zarina, A. G. Othman and N. M. Salih Improved Design of the UniKL Amphibious Research Crawler II for Underwater Exploration ...... 259 Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah, Khairul Arieff Abu Jalil, Hisyam Hamid, Nursyahida Izzati Zakaria, Norhafizah Othman, AshmanYusoff Iqmal Mohd Haidhir and Mohd Iqram Mohd Kamro Preliminary Design and Analysis Study of Propeller for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) ...... 269 Mohd Amin Hakim Ramli, Mohd Iqram Bin Mohd Kamro, Muhamad Fadli Ghani, Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah, Norhafizah Othman, Ashman Yusoff Iqhmal Mohd Haidhir, Nursyahida Izzati Zakaria, Khairul Arieff Bin Abu Jalil, Muhammad Haziq Bin Noor Zaharil Ehsan, Muhammad Farhan Bin Mohamad Noor and Fatin Zawani Binti Zainal Azain Preliminary Study on the Development of Two Degree of Freedom Robotic Arms for Underwater Applications ...... 279 Noorazlina Mohamid Salih, Ashman Yusoff Iqmal Mohamad Haidhir, Muhamad Fahezal Ismail, Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah, Khairul Arieff Abu Jalil, Norhafizah Othman, Muhamad Fadli Ghani, Muhamad Faizal Muhamad Isa and Mohd Iqram Mohd Kamro Design and Analyses of a Ship Floating Dry-Dock ...... 291 Roslin Ramli and Anwar Faris Sobri 3D Design of a Ship Floating Dry-Dock by Using Simulation Software ...... 299 Roslin Ramli, Nur‘Aqilah Mohd Sabri and Nurul Asima Zainon x Contents

Hybrid Combination Product Between Aluminum Can with Reinforcement Fiberglass for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles ...... 313 Mohd Amin Hakim Ramli, Syajaratunnur Yaaakup, Fatin Zawani Zainal Azaim, Khairul Anuar Mat Saad, Mohd Faizal Abdul Razak, Muhammad Fadli Ghani, Naqib Idris and Ahmad Shaharibudin Dato Abd. Aziz The Comparison of Impact Energy and Three Point Bending Properties on Coconut Fiber Composite for Marine Application ...... 319 Amirrudin Yaacob, Jaswar Koto and Mohd Yazid Bin Yahya Tensile and Hardness Analysis of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding Between AA6061 with AA5083 and Mild Steel ...... 335 Wan Mohd Syafiq Wan Sulong, Mohd Afendi Rojan and Mohd Noor Mazlee Analysis of Drum Brake System for Improvement of Braking Performance ...... 345 Siti Nor Nadirah Baba, Muhammad Najib Abdul Hamid, Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid, Mohd Nurhidayat Zahelem and Mohd Suyerdi Omar Ultrasonic Based Technique to Measure Residual Stresses in Offshore Structures ...... 359 Ramesh Ramasamy and Zainah Ibrahim Influence of Tool Plunge Depth on the Joint Strength and Hardness of Friction Stir Welded AA6061 and Mild Steel ...... 373 Wan Mohd Syafiq Wan Sulong, Mohd Afendi Rojan and Mohd Noor Mazlee Analysis of Production Layout Model to Improve Production Efficiency ...... 385 Ahmad Razlee AB Kadir, Baizura Zubir, C. A. Mohd Norzaimi, M. Sabri, M. Zaki, W. Faradiana and Noor Helinahani Effect of Vibration on Occupant Driving Performances: Measurement by Simulated Driving ...... 401 Mohd Amzar Azizan Simulation Studies of a New Magnetorheological Brake with Difference Gap Size Using Combination of Shear and Squeeze Mode ...... 413 Lailatul Hamidah Hamdan, Saiful Amri Mazlan, Fitrian Imaduddin, Shamsul Sarip and Ashadi Yusop Contents xi

Optimization of Air-Fuel Ratio and Compression Ratio to Increase the Performance of Hydrogen Port Fuel Injection Engines ...... 425 Mohd Fazri Shaari, Shahril Nizam Mohamed, Surenthar Magalinggam, Muhammad Najib Abdul Hamid, Mohd Nurhidayat Zahelem, Zahelem and Mohd Farid Muhammad Said Evaluation of the Hardness Distribution and Fracture Location in Friction Stir Welded AA6063 Pipe Butt Joints ...... 439 Azman Ismail, Mokhtar Awang, Fauziah Ab Rahman, Bakhtiar Ariff Baharudin, Puteri Zarina Megat Khalid and Darulihsan Abdul Hamid Study on Gas Emission of Saline Water from a Hydrogen System .... 445 Zakiman Zali, Norsheila Buyamin, Nazihah Mohd Noor, Rawaida Muhammad, Normah Ishak and Rohimi Yusof Analysis of Human Behavior During Braking for Autonomous Electric Vehicles ...... 453 Khairul Ikram, Wan Khairunizam, A. B. Shahriman, D. Hazry, Zuradzman M. Razlan, Hasri Haris, Hafiz Halin and Chin S. Zhe The Mapping of Full Weld Cycle Heat Profile for Friction Stir Welding Pipe Butt Joints ...... 461 Azman Ismail, Mokhtar Awang, Fauziah Ab Rahman, Bakhtiar Ariff Baharudin, Puteri Zarina Megat Khalid, Darulihsan Abdul Hamid and Kamal Ahmad Assessment of Thermal Comfort in a Car Cabin Under Sun Radiation Exposure ...... 469 Mohamad Asyraf Othoman, Mohd Sahril Mohd Fouzi and Adzuieen Nordin Defects of Post Weld Heat Treatment on A36 Carbon Steel Welded by Shielded Metal Arc Welding ...... 481 Norfadhlina Khalid, Zaherrudin Yusof and M. A. Mun’aim Mohd Idrus Automatic Tug Assistance ...... 491 Yasseen Adnan Ahmed Excitation Force Between Two Ship Models in Waves ...... 505 Faizul Amri Adnan A Simplified Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for a Self-propelled Ship Using the Actuator Disc Theory ...... 523 Iwan Mustaffa Kamal, Muhamad Sufri Shamsuddin and Jonathan Binns xii Contents

Study of MSI300 Propeller Characteristics Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ...... 541 Mohamad Sabri Mohamad Sidik, Ruziah Bolhassan, Mohd Nurhidayat Zahelem and Muhamad-Husaini Abu-Bakar Mathematical Model of the Manoeuvring Motion of a Ship ...... 551 Yassen Adnan Ahmed A Trim Tank Control System for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) ...... 567 Md Salim Kamil, Noorazlina Mohamid Salih, Atzroulnizam Abu, Muhammad Muzhafar Abdullah, Norshakila Abd Rasid and Mohd Shahrizan Mohd Said The Use of Backscatter Classification and Bathymetry Derivatives from Multibeam Data for Seabed Sediment Characterization ...... 579 Razak Zakariya, Mohd Azhafiz Abdullah, Rozaimi Che Hasan and Idham Khalil A Review of Piezoelectric Design in MEMS Scanner ...... 593 Nur Azirah Abdul Rahim, Ishak Abdul Azid and Loke Kean Koay Review of the Control System for an Unmanned Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicle ...... 609 Ahmad Makarimi Abdullah, Nursyahida Izzati Zakaria, Khairul Arief Abu Jalil, Norhafizah Othman, Wardiah Mohd Dahalan, Hisham Hamid, Muhamad Fadli Ghani, Ashman Yussof Iqmal bin Mohd Haidir and Mohd Iqram Mohd Kamro Maneuvering and Submerged Control System for a Modular Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ...... 633 Mohamid Salih Noorazlina, Md Salim Kamil, Mohammad Amiruddin Hashim, Nordiana Jamil and Hanisah Johor Development of an Electric Turbo Generator for Automotive Application ...... 645 Khairul Shahril Shaffee, Muhammad Idham Hassan Azmi, Shahril Nizam Mohamed Soid, Muhammad Najib Abdul Hamid and Tajul Adli Abdul Razak