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Classification of Icelandic Watersheds and Rivers to Explain Life History Strategies of Atlantic Salmon
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Siaurdur Gudjonsson for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Fisheries Science presented on May 17, 1990. Title: Classification of Icelandic Watersheds and Rivers to Explain Life History Strategies of Atlantic Salmon Abstract approved: 4 Redacted for Privacy Charles E. Warren A hierarchical classification system of Iceland's watersheds and rivers is presented. The classification is based on Iceland's substrate, climate, water, biota, and human cultural influences. The geological formations of Iceland are very different in character depending on their age and formation history. Three major types of formations occur: Tertiary, Plio-Pleistocene, and Pleistocene. These formations have different hydrological characters and different landscapes. There are also large differences in the climate within Iceland. Four major river types are found in Iceland: spring-fed rivers in Pleistocene areas, direct runoff rivers in Plio-Pleistocene areas, direct runoff rivers in Tertiary areas and wetland heath rivers in Tertiary areas. Eleven biogeoclimatic regions occur in Iceland, each having a different watershed type. The classification together with life history theory can explain the distributions, abundances, and life history strategies of Icelandic salmonids. Oceanic conditions must also be considered to explain the life history patterns of anadromous populations. When the freshwater and marine habitat is stable, the life history patterns of individuals in a population tend to be uniform, one life history form being most common. In an unstable environment many life history forms occur and the life span of one generation is long. The properties of the habitat can further explain which life history types are present. -
Köppen Signatures” of Fossil Plant Assemblages for Effective Heat Transport of Gulf Stream to Subarctic North Atlantic During Miocene Cooling
Biogeosciences, 10, 7927–7942, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/7927/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-7927-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Evidence from “Köppen signatures” of fossil plant assemblages for effective heat transport of Gulf Stream to subarctic North Atlantic during Miocene cooling T. Denk1, G. W. Grimm1, F. Grímsson2, and R. Zetter2 1Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, Box 50007, 10405 Stockholm, Sweden 2University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria Correspondence to: T. Denk ([email protected]) Received: 8 July 2013 – Published in Biogeosciences Discuss.: 15 August 2013 Revised: 29 October 2013 – Accepted: 2 November 2013 – Published: 6 December 2013 Abstract. Shallowing of the Panama Sill and the closure 1 Introduction of the Central American Seaway initiated the modern Loop Current–Gulf Stream circulation pattern during the Miocene, The Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO) at 17–15 but no direct evidence has yet been provided for effec- million years (Myr) was the last phase of markedly warm cli- tive heat transport to the northern North Atlantic during mate in the Cenozoic (Zachos et al., 2001). The MMCO was that time. Climatic signals from 11 precisely dated plant- followed by the Mid-Miocene Climate Transition (MMCT) bearing sedimentary rock formations in Iceland, spanning at 14.2–13.8 Myr correlated with the growth of the East 15–0.8 million years (Myr), resolve the impacts of the devel- Antarctic Ice Sheet (Shevenell et al., 2004). In the Northern oping Miocene global thermohaline circulation on terrestrial Hemisphere this cooling is reflected by continuous sea ice in vegetation in the subarctic North Atlantic region. -
ICELAND Journey to Iceland and Explore How Its Geography Helped Shape Its Unique Culture and Its Independence from Fossil Fuels
Faces® Teacher Guide: November/December 2018 ICELAND Journey to Iceland and explore how its geography helped shape its unique culture and its independence from fossil fuels. CONVERSATION QUESTION How does Iceland’s geography influence its culture? In addition to supplemental materials TEACHING OBJECTIVES focused on core Social Studies skills, • Students will learn about Icelandic geography and this flexible teaching tool offers culture. vocabulary-building activities, • Students will describe how the physical characteristics of places are connected to human questions for discussion, and cross- cultures. curricular activities. • Students will analyze the combinations of cultural and environmental characteristics that make places different from other places. • Students will explain how cultural patterns and economic decisions influence environments and the SELECTIONS daily lives of people. • In the Kitchens of Fire and Ice • Students will use details from a text to write a story. Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L • Students will conduct research using print and digital • Weathering the Weather sources. Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L • Students will create a multimedia presentation. • The Eco-Friendliest Country on Earth Expository Nonfiction, ~1150L U33T http://www.cricketmedia.com/classroom/Faces-magazine Faces® Teacher Guide: November/December 2018 In the Kitchens of Fire and ENGAGE Ice Conversation Question: How does Iceland’s geography influence its culture? pp. 12–15, Expository Nonfiction Explore how the rugged geography and Explain that Iceland’s geography is dominated by rocky soil and climate of Iceland have influenced its mountainous terrain with many active volcanoes. Also explain it is an farming practices and its cuisine. island in the far north, near the Arctic Circle. Ask students to hypothesize how the geography of Iceland influences the types of foods that are commonly eaten there. -
Skye: a Landscape Fashioned by Geology
SCOTTISH NATURAL SKYE HERITAGE A LANDSCAPE FASHIONED BY GEOLOGY SKYE A LANDSCAPE FASHIONED BY GEOLOGY SCOTTISH NATURAL HERITAGE Scottish Natural Heritage 2006 ISBN 1 85397 026 3 A CIP record is held at the British Library Acknowledgements Authors: David Stephenson, Jon Merritt, BGS Series editor: Alan McKirdy, SNH. Photography BGS 7, 8 bottom, 10 top left, 10 bottom right, 15 right, 17 top right,19 bottom right, C.H. Emeleus 12 bottom, L. Gill/SNH 4, 6 bottom, 11 bottom, 12 top left, 18, J.G. Hudson 9 top left, 9 top right, back cover P&A Macdonald 12 top right, A.A. McMillan 14 middle, 15 left, 19 bottom left, J.W.Merritt 6 top, 11 top, 16, 17 top left, 17 bottom, 17 middle, 19 top, S. Robertson 8 top, I. Sarjeant 9 bottom, D.Stephenson front cover, 5, 14 top, 14 bottom. Photographs by Photographic Unit, BGS Edinburgh may be purchased from Murchison House. Diagrams and other information on glacial and post-glacial features are reproduced from published work by C.K. Ballantyne (p18), D.I. Benn (p16), J.J. Lowe and M.J.C. Walker. Further copies of this booklet and other publications can be obtained from: The Publications Section, Cover image: Scottish Natural Heritage, Pinnacle Ridge, Sgurr Nan Gillean, Cullin; gabbro carved by glaciers. Battleby, Redgorton, Perth PH1 3EW Back page image: Tel: 01783 444177 Fax: 01783 827411 Cannonball concretions in Mid Jurassic age sandstone, Valtos. SKYE A Landscape Fashioned by Geology by David Stephenson and Jon Merritt Trotternish from the south; trap landscape due to lavas dipping gently to the west Contents 1. -
University of Cincinnati
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI Date: April 28, 2006 I, Kristín Jónína Taylor, hereby submit this work as part of the requirements for the degree of: Doctorate of Musical Arts in: Piano Performance It is entitled: Northern Lights: Indigenous Icelandic Aspects of Jón Nordal´s Piano Concerto This work and its defense approved by: Chair: Dr. Steven J. Cahn Professor Frank Weinstock Professor Eugene Pridonoff Northern Lights: Indigenous Icelandic Aspects of Jón Nordal’s Piano Concerto A DMA Thesis submitted to the Division of Graduate Studies and Research of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS in the Performance Studies Division of the College–Conservatory of Music 28 December 2005 by Kristín Jónína Taylor 139 Indian Avenue Forest City, IA 50436 (641) 585-1017 [email protected] B.M., University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1997 M.M., University of Missouri, Kansas City, 1999 Committee Chair: ____________________________ Steven J. Cahn, Ph.D. Abstract This study investigates the influences, both domestic and foreign, on the composition of Jón Nordal´s Piano Concerto of 1956. The research question in this study is, “Are there elements that are identifiable from traditional Icelandic music in Nordal´s work?” By using set theory analysis, and by viewing the work from an extramusical vantage point, the research demonstrated a strong tendency towards an Icelandic voice. In addition, an argument for a symbiotic relationship between the domestic and foreign elements is demonstrable. i ii My appreciation to Dr. Steven J. Cahn at the University of Cincinnati College- Conservatory of Music for his kindness and patience in reading my thesis, and for his helpful comments and criticism. -
Phd-Thesis Hildurmagnúsdóttir.Pdf
Phenotypic and genotypic variation in the subtidal gastropod Buccinum undatum Hildur Magnúsdóttir Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Iceland 2020 Phenotypic and genotypic variation in the subtidal gastropod Buccinum undatum Hildur Magnúsdóttir Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of a Philosophiae Doctor degree in Biology Supervisor Snæbjörn Pálsson Advisors Erla Björk Örnólfsdóttir Snæbjörn Pálsson Zophonías Oddur Jónsson PhD Committee Erla Björk Örnólfsdóttir Kristen Marie Westfall Snæbjörn Pálsson Zophonías Oddur Jónsson Opponents Rémy Rochette Karl Gunnarsson Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavik, Oct 2020 Phenotypic and genotypic variation in the subtidal gastropod Buccinum undatum Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of a Philosophiae Doctor degree in Biology Copyright © 2020 Hildur Magnúsdóttir All rights reserved Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences School of Engineering and Natural Sciences University of Iceland Sturlugötu 7 102, Reykjavik Iceland Telephone: 525 4000 Bibliographic information: Hildur Magnúsdóttir, 2020, Phenotypic and genotypic variation in the subtidal gastropod Buccinum undatum, PhD dissertation, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, XX pp. Author ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3750-4937 Printing: Háskólaprent, Fálkagata 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland Reykjavik, Iceland, October 2020 Abstract Variation in morphology of shelled marine gastropods across small spatial scales may reflect restricted population connectivity, resulting in evolutionary or plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity. Species delimitation of shelled gastropods is often based solely on shell characteristics; therefore, morphological variation can lead to taxonomic confusion and inaccurate estimates of species diversity. A comprehensive delimitation approach based on both phenotypic and genotypic information is needed in the face of such taxonomic uncertainty. -
Climate Indices in Historical Climate Reconstructions: a Global State-Of-The-Art
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-126 Preprint. Discussion started: 9 October 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: A global state-of-the-art David J. Nasha,b, George C.D. Adamsonc, Linden Ashcroftd,e, Martin Bauchf, Chantal Camenischg,h, Dagomar Degrooti, Joelle Gergisj,k, Adrian Jusopovićl, Thomas Labbéf,m, Kuan-Hui Elaine Linn,o, Sharon D. Nicholsonp, Qing Peiq, María del Rosario Prietor†, Ursula Racks, Facundo Rojasr and Sam Whitet a School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom b School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa c Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom d School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia e ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia f Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany g Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland h Institute of History, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland i Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA j Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia k ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia I Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland m Maison des Sciences de l'Homme -
Forestry in a Treeless Land
Forestry in a treeless land Thröstur Eysteinsson Director of Development Iceland Forest Service, Miðvangi 2-4, IS-700 Egilsstaðir, Iceland [email protected] Published in Lustgarden 2004 Among the first things that visitors to Iceland usually notice are that it is not as warm as where they came from and there is a lack of forests in the landscape. Logically, they connect these two facts and come to the conclusion that Iceland is too cold for forests. This impression is often reinforced when they see the “forests” of low- growing and crooked native birch. However, over a century of forestry activity has proven that this is not the case, that it is past land-use and not climate that explains the treeless landscape. In fact, forests grow as well in Iceland as they do in parts of the world where forestry is a major industry. Forest history Fossil evidence indicates that Iceland was forested to a considerable extent during the mid to late Tertiary (5-15 million years ago), with tree genera including Metasequoia, Magnolia, Sassafras and many others, indicating that the climate was warm- temperate. By the late Pliocene, shortly before the onset of Pleistocene glaciations, coniferous forests predominated including Pinus, Picea, Abies , Larix, Betula and Alnus, indicative of a boreal climate. With succeeding glaciations, the Icelandic flora has become ever more species-poor. Pinus survived (or was able to return after) the first few glacial periods up to about 1.1 million years ago and fossil evidence of Alnus is found during interglacials to about 500,000 years ago. -
Investigation Into the Implications of Zooarchaeological Studies for Climate Reconstruction in the No
SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad SIT Digital Collections Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection SIT Study Abroad Fall 2016 Independent Study Project: Investigation into the implications of zooarchaeological studies for climate reconstruction in the North Atlantic; zooarchaeological research at the Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík Hazel Cashman SIT Study Abroad Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Eastern European Studies Commons, Human Geography Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Place and Environment Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Cashman, Hazel, "Independent Study Project: Investigation into the implications of zooarchaeological studies for climate reconstruction in the North Atlantic; zooarchaeological research at the Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavík" (2016). Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection. 2451. https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2451 This Unpublished Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the SIT Study Abroad at SIT Digital Collections. It has been accepted for inclusion in Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection by an authorized administrator of SIT Digital Collections. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Independent Study Project: Investigation into the implications of zooarchaeological studies for climate reconstruction in the North Atlantic; zooarchaeological research at the Agricultural -
Climate Indices in Historical Climate Reconstructions: a Global State-Of-The-Art
Climate indices in historical climate reconstructions: A global state-of-the-art David J. Nasha,b, George C.D. Adamsonc, Linden Ashcroftd,e, Martin Bauchf, Chantal Camenischg,h, Dagomar Degrooti, Joelle Gergisj,k, Adrian Jusopovićl, Thomas Labbéf,m, Kuan-Hui Elaine Linn,o, Sharon D. Nicholsonp, Qing Peiq, María del Rosario Prietor†, Ursula Racks, Facundo Rojasr and Sam Whitet a School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom b School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa c Department of Geography, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom d School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia e ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia f Leibniz Institute for the History and Culture of Eastern Europe, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany g Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland h Institute of History, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland i Department of History, Georgetown University, Washington DC, USA j Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia k ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia I Institute of History, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland m Maison des Sciences de l'Homme de Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France n Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, -
Proceedings. Larch Genetics and Breeding. Research Findings And
SVERIGES LANTBRUKSUNIVERSITET SLU-55KTL--R —3? Qt>\95 -0*7? 5TS-- 7*«-- PROCEEDINGS Larch genetics and breeding Research findings and ecological-silvicultural demands RECEIVED i *8*20 se ! i O^Til i IUFRO WORKING PARTY S2.02-07 July 31 - August 4,1995 Remningstorp and Siljansfors, Sweden j Edited by I I . Owe Martinsson Institutionen for skogsskotsel Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Rapporter 39 Department of Silviculture Umea 1995 Reports, No. 39 DISTRIBUTION OF *016 DOCUMENT IS UNUM1TK) 4% Institutional! for skogsskotsel Department of Silviculture Forteckning over utgivna RAPPORTER fran och med 1982: List of REPORTSfrom 1982 onwards: 1982 14. Hagglund, B. & Peterson, G. (Editors).: I 7. Olsson, H.: Skogsodlingsresultat i ovre Norr- Broadleaves in Boreal Silviculture - an obstacle j land. Beskrivningoch analys av24 skogsodlings- or an asset? (The report contains seventeen ' objekt (Results of artificial regeneration in papers presented at the Kempe-symposium at j northern Sweden. Description and analysis of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sci- j 24 regeneration areas). ences, Umei, in June 1984). f 1983 15. Martinsson, O.: Markberedningens inlytande j 8. Naslund, B-A.: Tallsidders utveckling fram pi overlevnad, tillvaxt och rot-skottrelation i 1 till forsta gallring. Resultat frin tre forsoksytor foiyngringar av tall, gran och contorta. {The j med och utan enkelstallning. (Development of influence of site preparation onsurvival, growth ; Scots pine seeded plantations to first thinning. and root/shoots ratio in young stands of Scots ; Results from three experimental plots with and pine, Norway spruce and lodgepole pine). ! without release-cutting). 16. Eko, P-M.: En produktionsmodell for skog i : 9. Bjorkroth, G.: Inverkan av hyggesavfall pi Sverige, baserad pa bestind frin riksskogstax- j kvavet och den organiska substansen i nigra 14- eringens provytor. -
ISLANDIA Índice General
ISLANDIA Índice general 1 Islandia 1 1.1 Etimología .............................................. 1 1.2 Historia ................................................ 2 1.2.1 Establecimiento y Mancomunidad Islandesa (874–1262) .................. 2 1.2.2 Colonización escandinava (1262-1814) ........................... 2 1.2.3 Movimiento de independencia (1814-1918) ......................... 3 1.2.4 Reino de Islandia (1918-1944) ................................ 3 1.2.5 República de Islandia (1944-presente) ............................ 4 1.3 Gobierno y política .......................................... 4 1.3.1 Relaciones exteriores y fuerzas armadas ........................... 5 1.3.2 Derechos humanos ...................................... 6 1.4 Organización territorial ........................................ 6 1.5 Geografía ............................................... 7 1.5.1 Clima ............................................. 8 1.5.2 Flora y fauna ......................................... 9 1.5.3 Animales ........................................... 9 1.6 Economía ............................................... 9 1.7 Infraestructura ............................................ 11 1.7.1 Transporte .......................................... 11 1.7.2 Energía ............................................ 12 1.7.3 Medios de comunicación ................................... 12 1.8 Demografía .............................................. 13 1.8.1 Idioma ............................................ 14 1.8.2 Religión ..........................................