Science with the Herschel far-infrared & submillimeter space telescope
Reinhard Genzel Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics Garching (FRG) Evolution of the Universe
current Universe & solar system 13.7 Gyrs
recombination 300,000 yrs
first stars, galaxies & black Big Bang holes 0.5-1 Gyr
Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state The cool, dusty Universe
rest wavelength (μm)
1 10 100 1000 10000 10
1
0.1
0.01
far-infrared 0.001 and conversion of UV-radiation into submillimeter far-infrared emission at the band 0.0001 interface of a dense cloud 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000
observed wavelength (μm)
dust and gas in the Orion nebula star forming region The cool, dusty Universe
correlation between dustiness and luminosity in local-Universe infrared-luminous galaxies
The cool, dusty Universe
throughout the far-infrared and submillimeter band Herschel will carry out
•high resolution imaging and deep photometry of thermal dust emission • detection and investigation of the coolest and most dust enshrouded objects • detection and imaging of key cooling lines of interstellar gas of a wide range of physical properties • high resolution spectroscopy of molecular absorption and emission lines for a quantitative analysis of physical and chemical properties the cosmic interstellar- stellar cycle
HerschelW5 star willforming investigate region all stages of the interstellar-stellar cycle in a wide range of astrophysical environments how does interstellar gas cool to be able to form stars ?
comets as sources of water vapor in the solar predicted submillimeter system spectrum of water in a dense protostellar clump Herschel will carry out detailed spectroscopic surveys for a quantitative understanding of the abundances of water and other key molecules in the solar system, the Galaxy and nearby galaxies gas in other worlds
ISO-LWS spectroscopy of the merger Arp 220
Herschel will be able to explore,the merging for thegalaxy first pair NGC3690-IC time, the properties of the interstellar media in distant galaxies how do stars form ?
protostellar jet in HH 47
protostellar clumps in -Oph ρ edge-on protostellar disk in Orion emerging young star cluster in debris dust disk Serpens around Formalhaut Herschel will carry out large surveys for a full census of star formation and early evolution in the Milky Way how do stars form ?
Herschel will investigate the time evolution of protostars from the initial completely dust- enshrouded stage to the final young stellar & planetary system
spectral characteristics of different stages of star formation how do stars form ?
Herschel will apply ‘chemical fingerprinting’ as a new tool for studying the evolution of star forming clouds and protostellar disks how do stars form ?
CO clouds
clump mass function in the Pipe Nebula
Herschel will explore how the stellar initial mass function is formed from dense gas clumps in dust enshrouded stellar nurseries star formation in galaxies
massive star forming region in the Milky merging galaxy pair gas rich young galaxy Way & local Universe: in local Universe: 106 3Gyrs after the Big 104 M clusters with M clusters with 104 Bang: 109 M clusters ~100 O stars O-stars with 107 O-stars Herschel will study dusty starbursts from the local Universe to the most spectacular first events in the young Universe re-cycling of gas & dust
Herschel will study the evolution and chemical properties of dusty mass loss episodes in the late stages of stellar evolution CO shell in the outflow from the carbon giant star TT-Cyg ejection of gas in the Crab Nebula supernova remnant what drives star and galaxy formation in the early Universe ?
major merger
rapid ‘cold’ flow from halo a census of dusty AGN and star forming galaxies at high redshift
1.4°x1.4° XMM COSMOS field
Simulated deep PACS sub-field survey
Herschel will carry out a wide range of deep imaging surveys to explore the extinction-free evolution of star formation in the young Universe a census of dusty AGN and star forming galaxies at high redshift
Quasar- density
cosmic star formation density activity
a 3 billion solar mass black hole 1 2 3 6 10 13.7 800 million years time after the Big Bang after the Big Bang! (billions of years)
Herschel will explore the assembly and co-evolution of massive galaxies & black holes what is the cosmic IR- background made out of ?
CIB COB
Herschel will for the first time resolve the majority of the cosmic far-infrared background evolution of the Universe
current Universe & solar system 13.7 Gyrs
recombination 300,000 yrs
first stars, galaxies & black Big Bang holes 0.5-1 Gyr
Herschel aims at understanding how the Milky Way, our Sun and our Solar System have formed and evolved to their present state