Backgrounds and Beginnings Early Republic: from Rome to Roman Italy
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Wars and Battles of Ancient Rome
Wars and Battles of Ancient Rome Battle summaries are from Harbottle's Dictionary of Battles, published by Swan Sonnenschein & Co., 1904. Rise of Rome—753 to 3911 B.C. The rise of Rome from a small Latin city to the dominant power in Italy Battle of Description Sabines According to legend, a year after the Romans kidnapped their wives from the neighboring Sabines, the (Kingdom) tribes returned to take vengeance. The fighting however, was stopped by the young wives who ran in B.C. 750 between the warring parties and begged that their fathers, brothers and husbands cease making war upon each other. The Sabine and Roman tribes were henceforth united. Alba Longa After a long siege, Alba was finally taken by strategm. With the fall of Alba, its father-city, Rome was (Kingdom) the undisputed leading city of the Latins. The inhabitants of Alba were resettled in Rome on the caelian B.C. 650 Hill. Sublican Lars Porsenna, king of Clusium was marching toward Rome, planning to restore the exiled Tarquins to Bridge the Roman throne. As his army descended on Rome from the opposite side of the Tiber, roman soldiers (Tarquinii) worked furiously to destroy the wooden bridge. Horatius and two other soldiers single-handedly fended B.C. 509 off Porsenna's army until the bridge could be destroyed. Lake Regillus Fought B.C. 497, the first authentic date in the history of Rome. The details handed down, however, (Tarquinii) belong to the domain of legend rather than to that of history. According to the chroniclers, this was the B.C. -
Philip V and Perseus: the Twilight of Antigonid Macedonia Philip V of Macedonia Was a Shrewd and Effective Leader. He Proved Ev
Philip V and Perseus: The Twilight of Antigonid Macedonia Philip V of Macedonia was a shrewd and effective leader. He proved even more adept than his predecessors at dealing with the Greek city-states, Illyrian invasions, and the other traditional concerns of his kingdom. Unfortunately for him, he was forced to deal with a completely new threat, for which he was unprepared—the rising power of Rome. Philip V and his son and successor Perseus failed in their conflicts with Rome, and ultimately allowed Macedonia to be conquered by the Romans. Since the wars they fought against Rome were recorded by Roman historians, they are known as the Macedonian Wars. Early Life and Reign of Philip V Philip V was the son of Demetrius II, who died in battle when Philip was nine years old. Since the army and nobility were hesitant to trust the kingdom to a child, they made Antigonas Doson regent, and then king. Antigonas honored Philip’s position, and when Antigonas died in 221 BC, Philip ascended smoothly to the throne at the age of seventeen. As the young king of Macedonia, Philip V was eager to prove his abilities. He defeated the Dardians in battle. When hostilities broke out between the two major leagues of Greek cities—the Achaean League and Aetolian League—he sided with Aratus and the Achaean League. Thanks to Philip’s intervention, the Achaeans achieved major victories against the Aetolians, and Aratus became one of Philip’s advisors. First Macedonian War (214–205 BC) In 219 BC, Demetrius of Pharos, the king of Illyria, fled to Philip’s court after being expelled by the Romans. -
Caesar and the Pirates: Or How to Make (And Break) an Ancient Life’, Greece and Rome, 57(2), Pp
Georgetown University Institutional Repository http://www.library.georgetown.edu/digitalgeorgetown The author made this article openly available online. Please tell us how this access affects you. Your story matters. OSGOOD, J. (2010) ‘Caesar and The Pirates: or How to Make (and Break) an Ancient Life’, Greece and Rome, 57(2), pp. 319–336. doi: 10.1017/S0017383510000057 Collection Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/555438 © 2010 The Classical Association This material is made available online with the permission of the author, and in accordance with publisher policies. No further reproduction or distribution of this copy is permitted by electronic transmission or any other means. Greece & Rome, Vol. 57, No. 2, © The Classical Association, 2010. All rights reserved doi:10.1017/S0017383510000057 CAESAR AND THE PIRATES CAESAR AND THE PIRATES: OR HOW TO MAKE (AND BREAK) AN ANCIENT LIFE* Introduction It is hard for biographers, ancient and modern alike, to resist the story of the young Julius Caesar’s kidnapping by a band of pirates. Suetonius and Plutarch both include full versions of the tale, with specifi c details (Suet. Iul. 4; Plut. Vit. Caes. 1.4–2). Suetonius, for instance, writes that the kidnapping took place near the island of Pharmacusa (just off the coast of Asia Minor), while Plutarch, noting that too, also specifi es that the ransom that freed Caesar came from the (nearby) city of Miletus. And while Suetonius writes that Caesar, after his release, launched a fl eet, pursued the pirates, and punished them, Plutarch includes another phase in the story: having taken command of a fl eet and set sail (again, from Miletus), Plutarch’s Caesar captured nearly all the pirates but, instead of killing them right away, ‘he himself went to Iuncus, the governor of Asia, on the grounds that it belonged to him, as governor of the province, to punish the captives’. -
CUB GLADIUS 15Mm Lomo.QXD
GLADIUS Estudios sobre armas antiguas, armamento, arte militar y vida cultural en oriente y occidente XXVI (2006), pp. 211-235 ISSN: 0435-029X RESEÑAS LUBTCHANSKY, Natacha: Le cavalier tyrrhénien. Repésentations équestres dans l’Italie archaïque. École Française de Rome, 2005. 345 págs., Ils., Índice. ISBN 2-7283-0720-2. Natacha Lubtchansky es profesora titular de la Universidad François-Rabelais de Tours, especia- lista en la Italia prerromana. Como ella misma indica, este trabajo se encuadra dentro de una línea de investigación iniciada por su trabajo de D.E.A., Représentation des animaux dans l’art étrusque, pro- longada por su tesis doctoral, Jeunesses cavalières et cavaleries aristocratiques. Le cavalier et son image en Étrurie et en Grande Grèce à l’époque archaïque, y completada por varios proyectos de investigación entre los que destacan el proyecto ESPRI (ESpaces, PRatiques sociales et Images dans les mondes grec et romain) y el I.C.A.R. (I Conographie-ARchéologie), base de datos muy completa, que recoge los objetos del s. VIII a. C. de las culturas etrusca, itálica e italiota que sirven de soporte a una escena figurada, y que puede ser consultada en Internet. Esta reciente publicación de la que ahora nos ocupamos ha sido editada por la prestigiosa École Française de Rome, en una edición de tapa dura de muy buena calidad aunque con ilustraciones y fotos en blanco y negro únicamente. Se estructura en ocho capítulos además de una introducción, las con- clusiones y dos anexos en los que aparecen la lista de las fuentes escritas, traducidas todas ellas al fran- cés, y la lista de las representaciones figuradas, con la bibliografía pertinente, utilizadas en la obra. -
A Fork in the Road: the Catilinarian Conspiracy's Impact
A Fork in the Road: The Catilinarian Conspiracy‘s Impact on Cicero‘s relationships with Pompey, Crassus` and Caesar Jeffrey Larson History 499: Senior Thesis June 13, 2011 © Jeffrey Larson, 2011 1 But concerning friendship, all, to a man, think the same thing: those who have devoted themselves to public life; those who find their joy in science and philosophy; those who manage their own business free from public cares; and, finally, those who are wholly given up to sensual pleasures — all believe that without friendship life is no life at all. .1 The late Roman Republic was filled with crucial events which shaped not only the political environment of the Republic, but also altered the personal and political relationships of the individuals within that Republic. Four of the most powerful, and most discussed, characters of this time are Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 BC – 43 BC), Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (106 BC – 48 BC), Marcus Licinius Crassus (c. 115 BC – 53 BC), and Gaius Julius Caesar (c. 100 BC – 44 BC). These men often crossed paths and some even had close friendships with each other. Other than Pompeius, better known as Pompey, all the aforementioned individuals were involved, or reportedly involved, in one event which had profound effects on the personal and political relationships of all four individuals. This event is known as the Catilinarian Conspiracy of 63 BC. The Catilinarian Conspiracy was a pivotal episode in the politics of the Late Roman Republic that damaged both the political and personal relationships of Cicero, Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar. Politics in the Roman Republic was dominated by a small number of members of the senatorial class. -
CAESAR and NICOMEDES”, the Classical Quarterly, 58(2), Pp
Georgetown University Institutional Repository http://www.library.georgetown.edu/digitalgeorgetown The author made this article openly available online. Please tell us how this access affects you. Your story matters. OSGOOD, J. (2008) “CAESAR AND NICOMEDES”, The Classical Quarterly, 58(2), pp. 687–691. doi: 10.1017/S0009838808000785 Collection Permanent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/10822/551722 © 2008 The Classical Association This material is made available online with the permission of the author, and in accordance with publisher policies. No further reproduction or distribution of this copy is permitted by electronic transmission or any other means. SHORTER NOTES 687 CAESAR AND NICOMEDES Around 80 B.C., as a young man of about twenty years, Julius Caesar left Rome to join the staff of M. Minucius Thermus in Asia for military training. Thermus was busy with the subjugation of Mytilene, the last of the cities of Asia to hold out against Rome after the recent war with Mithridates, and sent Caesar to fetch a fleet from King Nicomedes IV of Bithynia. Suetonius (Iul. 2) reports that Caesar dawdled at the royal court, so that a rumour crept up of sexual congress with the king (prostratae regi pudicitiae); and the rumour only grew when a few days after his mission was accomplished, Caesar returned to Bithynia ‘on the pretext of collecting money which was owed to a certain freedman, a client of his’ (per causam exigendae pecuniae, quae deberetur cuidam libertino clienti suo). Certainly, later in life the Roman was regularly accused of having shared the king’s bed, and in a remarkable chapter of his biography (Iul. -
Roman History the LEGENDARY PERIOD of the KINGS (753
Roman History THE LEGENDARY PERIOD OF THE KINGS (753 - 510 B.C.) Rome was said to have been founded by Latin colonists from Alba Longa, a nearby city in ancient Latium. The legendary date of the founding was 753 B.C.; it was ascribed to Romulus and Remus, the twin sons of the daughter of the king of Alba Longa. Later legend carried the ancestry of the Romans back to the Trojans and their leader Aeneas, whose son Ascanius, or Iulus, was the founder and first king of Alba Longa. The tales concerning Romulus’s rule, notably the rape of the Sabine women and the war with the Sabines, point to an early infiltration of Sabine peoples or to a union of Latin and Sabine elements at the beginning. The three tribes that appear in the legend of Romulus as the parts of the new commonwealth suggest that Rome arose from the amalgamation of three stocks, thought to be Latin, Sabine, and Etruscan. The seven kings of the regal period begin with Romulus, from 753 to 715 B.C.; Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, from 534 to 510 B.C., the seventh and last king, whose tyrannical rule was overthrown when his son ravished Lucretia, the wife of a kinsman. Tarquinius was banished, and attempts by Etruscan or Latin cities to reinstate him on the throne at Rome were unavailing. Although the names, dates, and events of the regal period are considered as belonging to the realm of fiction and myth rather than to that of factual history, certain facts seem well attested: the existence of an early rule by kings; the growth of the city and its struggles with neighboring peoples; the conquest of Rome by Etruria and the establishment of a dynasty of Etruscan princes, symbolized by the rule of the Tarquins; the overthrow of this alien control; and the abolition of the kingship. -
5. Expansion of the Republic.Key
Expansion of the Republic (201-130 BC) LVV4U1 - Grade 12 Classical Civilization - Unit 3 - Mr. A. Wittmann 1 Roman Art 2 Roman Expansion •Roman Republic vs. Kingdom of Macedonia •Developed out of the Punic Wars •Lead to Seleucid War •Warring Greek states draw Rome into their conflicts •Caused increasing involvement in Greek affairs •Many Hellenistic kings will their kingdoms to Rome •Leads to domination of eastern Mediterranean •Greek Hellenistic East becomes Roman •Provinces self-ruled as long as peace was maintained and taxes paid! 3 Macedonian Wars •1st Macedonian War (214–205 BC) •Philip V allies with Hannibal & takes Rome’s client state Illyria because Rome is busy fighting Hannibal •2nd Macedonian War ( 200–196 BC) •Philip V attacks Rhodes & Pergamum •They enlist Rome’s help •Rome defeats Philip V •Busy fighting Hannibal so doesn't take Macedonia •Rhodes & Pergamum become Roman clients 4 Macedonian Wars •Seleucid War (192–188 BC) •aka War of Antiochos or Syrian War •Antiochus III allied with King Philip V of Macedon •Fighting in Greece, the Aegean Sea & Asia Minor. •Seleucids lose Asia Minor •All of Asian Minor become Roman allies •Whole Hellenistic world under Roman control 5 Macedonian Wars •3rd Macedonian War (172 to 168 BC) •King Perseus attacks Roman allies •Rome divides Macedonia into 4 kingdoms •4th Macedonian War (149–148 BC) •King Andriscus tries re-establish Macedonia •Macedonia (Greece) becomes Roman province 6 7 8 9 Parthian (Arsacid) Empire •247 BC – 224 AD •Founded Arsaces I of Parthia (Parni people) •Supported by Bactrian Greeks against the Seleucids •Mithridates I conquered Eastern Seleucid Empire •Never conquered by Romans •Blocked Roman empire from the India & China •In 224, defeated by Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire 10 11 12 13 Internal Political Revolution & Reforms 14 THE END 15. -
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC
Interventions by the Roman Republic in Illyria 230 – 167 BC Submitted by Jack James Willoughby, to the University of Exeter as a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Classics, September 2018. This thesis is available for Library use on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. I certify that all material in this thesis which is not my own work has been identified and that no material has previously been submitted and approved for the award of a degree by this or any other University. (Signature) ……………………………………………………………………………… Page 1 of 181 Abstract This thesis aims to determine how and why Rome undertook a series of interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC. The thesis is based on a detailed examination and consideration of the ancient written sources and the subsequent historiography on the subject. The Roman interventions in Illyria during this period have traditionally been treated as a component of wider studies of Roman expansion, although Rome’s involvement in Illyria has recently been examined by Dzino in his 2010 work Illyricum in Roman Politics 229BC-AD68. This work examined the development and integration of Illyricum in Roman political discourse, in which the Roman interventions were a smaller component in the broader study. A study of the Roman interventions in Illyria during the period of 230 – 167 BC has never previously been treated on this scale, nor effectively with a synthesis of the various approaches and pieces of evidence that are now available. -
274To 146B.C
PUNIC WARS 274 TO 146 B.C. FIRST PUNIC WAR TO DESTRUCTION OF CARTHAGE ERA SUMMARY – PUNIC WARS The period of the Punic and Macedonian Wars was a critical one in Rome's history. At the dawn of the Punic Wars, in 264 B.C., Rome was master of Italy, but controlled no colonies or provinces outside of the Peninsula. She had neither a navy nor a merchant based economy. One hundred and twenty years later, she had entirely subdued both the Carthaginian empire in the west and the Macedonian empire in the east. She had provinces and allies throughout the Mediterranean and was the undisputed master of the seas. Although it took another century to expand and consolidate her power, by the end of the Punic Wars Rome had laid the foundation of an empire. The Punic Wars, which raged between the city of Carthage and Rome for over a century, were so named because the Carthaginians were of the Phoenician (or Punic) race. There were three Punic Wars, but the second was by far the most critical. The first Punic War lasted 24 years, involved many skirmishes, and was won primarily by perseverance. Rome gained a small amount of Carthaginian territory but never achieved a decisive victory. Carthage capitulated as much because of internal troubles as due to pressure from Rome. However, this war did much to establish Rome as a naval power. The best known Roman hero of the first Punic War was Regulus, and the best known Carthaginian heroes were Xanthippus and Hamilcar. The second Punic War was a great catastrophe for Rome and all of Italy. -
Patterns of Continuity in Geto-Dacian Foreign Policy
69 HIRUNDO 2008 Pattern of Continuity in Geto-Dacian Foreign Policy Under Burebista Paul Vădan Following the death of Alexander the Great, the ancient world was affected by prolonged po - litical turmoil as many states emerging after 323 BC, both within and without Alexander’s former Em - pire, sought to impose their regional hegemony at each other’s expense in an attempt to restore stability. In the context of such discourse in power politics, the Geto-Dacian state emerged and sought to assert itself in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic region under the rule of Burebista in the 1 st century BC. De - spite modern claims that Burebista’s achievements were without precedent in the history of Geto-Dacia, 1 this paper will attempt to place the rule of Burebista in the context of a long tradition of Geto-Dacian foreign policy of assertion and interaction with the Hellenistic οιкоυµένη (oikoumene the perceived Greek world as opposed to barbarian lands). In order to do this, we will need to analyze Burebista’s political and economic goals in order to determine whether his rule conformed to an established pattern. Unfortunately, such a project is ir - reparably flawed because no Geto-Dacian written accounts (if there were any) have survived; all that has been passed on to us in terms of literary “evidence” are approximately four hundred Geto-Dacian words that are still in use in the Romanian language. As a result, scholars are forced to appeal exclu - sively (and with caution) to Greek and Roman written sources if they are to construct a generally co - herent history of the Geto-Dacians. -
ROME FOUNDED Biographies, Discussion Questions, Suggested Activities and More ANCIENT ROME Setting the Stage
THIS DAY IN HISTORY STUDY GUIDE APR. 21, 753 B.C. : ROME FOUNDED Biographies, discussion questions, suggested activities and more ANCIENT ROME Setting the Stage Beginning in the eighth century B.C., Ancient Rome grew from a small town on central Italy’s Tiber River into an empire that at its peak encompassed most of continental Europe, Britain, much of western Asia, northern Africa and the Mediterranean islands. Among the many legacies of Roman dominance are the widespread use of the Romance languages (Italian, French, Spanish, Por- tuguese and Romanian) derived from Latin, the modern Western alphabet and calendar and the emergence of Christianity as a major world religion. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar’s rise and fall in the fi rst century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its fi rst emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity. By contrast, the empire’s decline and fall by the fi fth century A.D. was one of the most dramatic implosions in the history of human civilization. About a thou- sand years after its founding, Rome collapsed under the weight of its own bloated empire, losing its provinces one by one: Britain around 410; Spain and northern Africa by 430. Attila and his brutal Huns invaded Gaul and Ita- ly around 450, further shaking the foundations of the empire. In September 476, a Germanic prince named Odovacar won control of the Roman army in Italy. After deposing the last western emperor, Romulus Augustus, Odovacar’s troops proclaimed him king of Italy, bringing an ignoble end to the long, tu- multuous history of ancient Rome.