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Nazionalista, Dell’Euroscetticismo E Del Politici Ma Più Il Moderati

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Nazionalista, Dell’Euroscetticismo E Del Politici Ma Più Il Moderati 11581.1_1581.17 14/09/20 16:17 Pagina 1 Da alcuni anni assistiamo a una rinascita dei nazionalismi in Europa. Il 11581.1 nazionalismo, che sembrava entrato in una fase di declino in seguito alla fine della Seconda guerra mondiale e allo sviluppo dei processi di integra- L’Europa dei nazionalisti zione europea degli anni Cinquanta, è ritornato con grande forza sulla Prospettive storiche scena europea: movimenti di destra radicalmente identitaria, populista e LOMELLINI V. FOCARDI, F. BERTI, F. spesso xenofoba hanno incrementato la propria presenza nel Parlamento europeo. I temi del sovranismo nazionalista, dell’euroscetticismo e del populismo attraversano, con diversa intensità, anche movimenti culturali e politici più moderati. Ma il rapporto tra il nazionalismo e l’idea di Europa è storicamente assai più complesso di quanto possa apparire. Prendendo in considerazione alcuni casi paradigmatici, questo volume si propone di a cura di tracciarne la genesi e lo sviluppo: dal nazionalismo del primo Ottocento a Francesco Berti, Filippo Focardi, quello della prima metà del Novecento, in un confronto serrato e origina- le tra Europa occidentale e centro-orientale, che attraversa la storia con- Valentine Lomellini temporanea, il pensiero politico e le relazioni internazionali. Scritti di: A. Basciani, F. Berti, A. Botti, M. Cuzzi, J. Diec, F. Ferrarini, M. Fioravanzo, F. Focardi, V. Lomellini, M. Meriggi, X.M. Núnez Seixas, L. Pellicani, A. Roccucci, J. Sondel-Cedarmas, M. Tesini, A. Varsori. (A CURA DI) CURA (A Francesco Berti insegna Storia delle dottrine politiche presso l’Università di Padova. I suoi ambiti di ricerca vertono sul pensiero filosofico-politico dell’illuminismo, dei gesuiti spagnoli del XVIII secolo e dei totalitarismi novecenteschi. L’EUROPA DEI L’EUROPA NAZIONALISTI Filippo Focardi insegna Storia contemporanea presso l’Università di Padova. Si occupa di memoria del fascismo e della seconda guerra mon- diale, di rapporti fra Italia e Germania dall’Ottocento a oggi, della questio- ne della punizione dei criminali di guerra italiani e tedeschi. Valentine Lomellini insegna Terrorism and Security in International History presso l’Università di Padova. Si occupa delle relazioni internazio- nali dei partiti politici e dei movimenti di contestazione in Europa, di iden- tità e di culture politiche, di politiche di sicurezza contro il terrorismo internazionale nel XX e nel XXI secolo. Storia internazionale dell’età contempora- nea FrancoAngeli La passione per le conoscenze Siec Storia internazionale dell’età contemporanea, collana diretta da Antonio Varsori (Università degli Studi di Padova) Siec Negli ultimi decenni le discipline storiche hanno fatto registrare un cre- scente interesse nei confronti degli eventi e delle dinamiche di carattere in- ternazionale. Se per lungo tempo tali aspetti erano risultati oggetto quasi esclusivo della storia diplomatica, il diffondersi della “histoire des relations internationales” ha aperto l’interesse degli studiosi ad altre dimensioni: da quella economica a quella sociale, a quella culturale. L’influenza esercitata dalle storiografie britannica e americana, l’attenzione verso ambiti temporali più recenti, la moltiplicazione delle fonti archivistiche, i rapporti con altri settori delle scienze sociali e l’interesse verso temi quali la “guerra fredda”e l’integrazione europea hanno condotto alla sempre più ampia diffusione degli studi di storia delle relazioni internazionali. Inoltre numerosi studiosi di storia contemporanea hanno preso a sottolineare l’importanza del rapporto esistente fra dimensioni politica, economica e sociale interne e quelle in- ternazionali. Infine il processo di “globalizzazione”non poteva lasciare insensi- bili gli storici.Ciò ha condotto all’emergere di una ampia quanto complessa Storia internazionale. La collana nasce quindi con l’intento di creare uno spazio specifico in cui possa trovare collocazione parte della crescente produzione storica in questo settore: dai lavori di giovani ricercatori ai contributi di studiosi di riconosciuta esperienza,dai manuali universitari di alto livello scientifico agli atti di convegni. Comitato scientifico: Frédéric Bozo (Université de Paris III Sorbonne Nou- velle), Michel Dumoulin (Université de Louvain-la-Neuve), Michael Gehler (Universität Hildeshaim), Wilfried Loth (Universität Duisburg-Essen), Piers Ludlow (London School of Economics), Georges-Henri Soutou (Université de Paris IV Sorbonne e Institut de France). Il comitato assicura attraverso un processo di peer review la validità scientifica dei volumi pubblicati. Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835103561 Il presente volume è pubblicato in open access, ossia il file dell’intero lavoro è liberamente scaricabile dalla piattaforma FrancoAngeli Open Access (http://bit.ly/francoangeli-oa). FrancoAngeli Open Access è la piattaforma per pubblicare articoli e mono- grafie, rispettando gli standard etici e qualitativi e la messa a disposizione dei contenuti ad accesso aperto. Oltre a garantire il deposito nei maggiori archivi e repository internazionali OA, la sua integrazione con tutto il ricco catalogo di riviste e collane FrancoAngeli ne massimizza la visibilità e favorisce la facilità di ricerca per l’utente e la possibilità di impatto per l’autore. Per saperne di più: http://www.francoangeli.it/come_pubblicare/pubblicare_19.asp I lettori che desiderano informarsi sui libri e le riviste da noi pubblicati possono consultare il nostro sito Internet: www.francoangeli.it e iscriversi nella home page al servizio “Informatemi” per ricevere via e-mail le segnalazioni delle novità. Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835103561 COPY 15,5X23 1-02-2016 8:56 Pagina 1 L’Europa dei nazionalisti Prospettive storiche a cura di Francesco Berti, Filippo Focardi, Valentine Lomellini Storia internazionale dell’età contemporanea Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835103561 La pubblicazione di questo volume è stata possibile grazie al contributo dei fondi di Dotazione Ordinaria della Ricerca del Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche, Giuridiche e Studi Internazionali (SPGI) dell’Università degli Studi di Padova. Isbn: 9788835103561 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. Pubblicato con licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Non opere derivate 4.0 Internazionale (CC-BY-ND 4.0) L’opera, comprese tutte le sue parti, è tutelata dalla legge sul diritto d’autore. L’Utente nel momento in cui effettua il download dell’opera accetta tutte le condizioni della licenza d’uso dell’opera previste e comunicate sul sito https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.it Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835103561 Indice Francesco Berti, Filippo Focardi, Valentine Lomellini, Introduzione pag. 7 Dal XIX secolo alla Prima Guerra Mondiale Marco Meriggi, L’Europa dei nazionalisti nella prima metà dell’800: Europa occidentale » 13 Adriano Roccucci, Europa ossia Occidente? Visioni geopolitiche e culturali dei nazionalismi dell’Est europeo nella prima metà dell’Ottocento » 29 Antonio Varsori, Temi e continuità del nazionalismo italiano dall’Italia liberale all’età repubblicana » 65 Mario Tesini, La nazione dopo il trauma (1870-1871): alle origi- ni dell’idea di République coloniale in Francia » 75 Alfonso Botti, I nazionalismi spagnolo, catalano e basco: una ricognizione, 1876-1914 » 87 Joanna Sondel-Cedarmas, L’Europa e la nazione nel pensiero dei nazionaldemocratici polacchi » 97 Joachim Diec, Russian Pan-Slavism and its Concept of Europe » 113 5 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835103561 L’età dei totalitarismi. Est e Ovest a confronto Marco Cuzzi, Mussolini europeista? Origini e cause dell’univer- salismo e dell’internazionalismo fascista pag. 127 Xosé M. Núnez Seixas, Alcune note sull’idea di Europa e i nazio- nalismi iberici nel periodo fra 1914 e 1945 » 149 Monica Fioravanzo, Europa, Occidente, stato nazionale. La crisi del dopoguerra nella rifl essione dei nazionalisti tedeschi nell’età di Weimar » 163 Fabio Ferrarini, Il ruolo dei nazionalismi nordici in Europa tra identità locali e fascismo transnazionale. La genesi del collabo- razionismo norvegese (1919-1940) » 177 Alberto Basciani, Tra ambizioni nazionaliste e sopravvivenza na- zionale. I casi romeno e bulgaro tra le due guerre mondiali » 193 Luciano Pellicani, Dalla Terza Roma alla Terza Internazionale: il bolscevismo come reazione zelota e «nazionalista» contro la civiltà occidentale » 215 Indice dei nomi » 223 6 Copyright © 2020 by FrancoAngeli s.r.l., Milano, Italy. ISBN 9788835103561 Introduzione di Francesco Berti, Filippo Focardi, Valentine Lomellini Da alcuni anni assistiamo a una sostanziale rinascita dei nazionalismi in Europa. Il nazionalismo, che sembrava entrato in una fase di declino in se- guito alla fi ne della Seconda guerra mondiale e allo sviluppo dei processi di integrazione europea degli anni Cinquanta, è ritornato con grande forza sulla scena europea nel primo decennio del terzo millennio. Esso interpreta senti- menti di paura, dovuti a fenomeni quali l’immigrazione di massa e il terrori- smo internazionale di matrice islamica, ma anche si fa portavoce del bisogno di una forte identità comunitaria di fronte al movimento centripeto che ha portato alla formazione dell’Unione europea e al complesso fenomeno del- la globalizzazione, vettore di opportunità e crescita culturale ed economica internazionale ma anche produttore, nel medesimo tempo, di una “società liquida”
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