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Bio-Mechanically Driven MEMS Power Generator for Implantable Medical Devices

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Bio-Mechanically Driven MEMS Power Generator for Implantable Medical Devices University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 1-1-2007 Bio-mechanically driven MEMS power generator for implantable medical devices. Jose Martinez-Quijada University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Martinez-Quijada, Jose, "Bio-mechanically driven MEMS power generator for implantable medical devices." (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 7112. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/7112 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. BIO-MECHANICALLY DRIVEN MEMS POWER GENERATOR FOR IMPLANTABLE MEDICAL DEVICES by Jose Martinez-Quijada A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2007 © 2007 Jose Martinez-Quijada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Library and Bibliotheque et 1*1 Archives Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42279-3 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-42279-3 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives and Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve,sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par Nntemet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet,distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans loan, distribute and sell theses le monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, worldwide, for commercial or non­ sur support microforme, papier, electronique commercial purposes, in microform, et/ou autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. this thesis. Neither the thesis Ni la these ni des extraits substantiels de nor substantial extracts from it celle-ci ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement may be printed or otherwise reproduits sans son autorisation. reproduced without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne Privacy Act some supporting sur la protection de la vie privee, forms may have been removed quelques formulaires secondaires from this thesis. ont ete enleves de cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires in the document page count, aient inclus dans la pagination, their removal does not represent il n'y aura aucun contenu manquant. any loss of content from the thesis. i * i Canada Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Abstract The design, fabrication, and mounting scheme of a novel bio-mechanically driven MEMS power generator for implantable medical devices is presented and optimized for use in cardiac pacemakers. In the system, an asymmetrical planar rotor embedded with microfabricated NdFeB altemate-polarity permanent magnets oscillates around a central shaft due to the thorax motion during breathing to induce a voltage in two microfabricated planar copper coils embedded in two stators. The microgenerator does not need any external supply of fluid, as necessary in some other types of microgenerators. Two different rotor geometries: a semicircular one and a circular one with a destabilizer have been investigated. With a 1 x 1 mm2 rotor footprint area the semicircular rotor microgenerator is capable of generating 397 pW RMS power with 1.0 V open circuit RMS voltage per stator. The circular rotor microgenerator has a rotor footprint area of 3 x 3 mm2 and can generate 59.73 mW RMS power with 9.0 V open circuit RMS voltage per stator. The generated voltage and power arc sufficient to meet the power requirements of a typical cardiac pacemaker. Scaled or stacked versions of the microgenerator can be used to satisfy power requirements of other medical devices exploiting other biomechanical actuation sources, e.g. head turning. The generator occupies a much smaller volume compared to existing cardiac pacemaker batteries and offers substantially longer life. This can aid in developing smaller pacemakers and in minimizing the frequency and associated risk and cost of invasive surgeries necessary for replacement of the implant once its battery has been exhausted. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements I want to take this opportunity to acknowledge the people without whom this work would not have been possible. Firstly, I want to express my sincere gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr. Sazzadur Chowdhury, for giving me the opportunity to work in the MEMS field, for his expert guidance and financial support, as well as for accepting my topic of thesis, which became my greatest motivation from the moment I proposed him the core idea in a piece of paper to the completion of this thesis. I want to deeply thank my beloved wife, Veronica Elizabeth Camacho Zuniga for her immense love and patience in this great journey and for continuously encouraging me with an ample smile. She has been for me a model of braveness and strength everyday and especially when she brought our little son, Pepito, to life on May 15th, 2006. Now at the age of 18 months, he is an energetic baby that fills up of happiness our lives. Pepito and Eli did not know, when peacefully sleeping at night, that they were inspiring a research work that sooner of later will help improve the quality life of the human being. Traduction (Translation) - Quiero agradecer profundamente a mi amada esposa, Veronica Elizabeth Camacho Zuniga, su inmenso amor y paciencia en esta gran aventura y por impulsarme continuamente con una amplia sonrisa. Ella ha sido para mi un modelo de valentla y fortaleza cada dla y especialmente cuando trajo a nuestro pequeho hiio, Pepito, a la vida el 15 de Mayo de 2006. Ahora a sus 18 meses de edad, el es un bebe lleno de energla, que colma de felicidad nuestras vidas. Pepito y Eli no sabian, mientras dormian tranquilamente en la noche, que inspiraban un trabajo de investigation que tarde o temprano ayudara a mejorar la calidad de vida del ser humano. The greatest acknowledgement to my Mom, Maria del Carmen Quijada Cisneros, and to my Dad, Jose Martinez Pichardo, whose love has accompanied us in our way from Mexico, from where their efforts brought to reality our dream of living and studying in Canada, giving us the unconditional and generous support that allowed us to live without lacking anything, even with the privilege of knowing the world, and thanks to whom I have a past of delightful memories and a future ahead. Traduction (Translation) - El mas grande reconocimiento a mi Mama, Maria del Carmen Quijada Cisneros, y a mi Papa, Jose Martinez Pichardo, cuyo amor nos ha acompahado en nuestro camino desde Mexico, desde donde sus esfuerzos hicieron realidad nuestro sueho de vivir y estudiar en Canada, dandonos el incondicional y generoso apoyo que nos permitid vivir sin que nos faltara nada, aim con el privilegio de conocer el mundo, y gracias a quienes tengo un pasado de recuerdos gratos un futuro por adelante. iv Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. My special gratefulness to my friend and godmother of my son, Dr. Irma Araceli Flores Tapia, whose dedicated work kept my eyes open to the books, the snow and the sky. But also for her attention and curiosity to my ideas and for joining me in the fight to improve life conditions of the human being. Traduction (Translation) - Mi especial gratitud a mi amiga y madrina de mi hijo, la Dra. Irma Araceli Flores Tapia, cuyo dedicado trabajo mantuvo mis ojos abiertos a los libros, a la nieve y al cielo. Pero tambien por haber puesto su atencion y curiosidad en mis ideas y haberse unido a mi en la lucha por mejorar las condiciones de vida del ser humano. And many thanks to Eli’s family and the rest of my family, as well as to our friends, who shape the warm environment I have lived and worked in, who from distance pray for us, and whom I keep incessantly in my heart. “Imagina que ya estas ahi, imagina que ya lo lograste, imagina que ya lo tienes ! y dale gracias a Dios ” (Translation) “Imagine that you are already there, imagine that you already achieved it, imagine that you already have it! and thank God” -Maria del Carmen Quijada Cisneros “El reto del hombre no es veneer al adversario, sino a la adversidad” (Translation) “The challenge o f the mankind is not to defeat the adversary, but the adversity ” -Jose Martinez Pichardo Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Table of Contents A b stract ...........................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements....................................................................................................
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