Solanum Aculeastrum Solanaceae

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Solanum aculeastrum Solanaceae Indigenous Common names: English: Bitter apple Luganda: Etengoeddene, ettengolyabalalo. Ecology: A common African species of upland forest clearings and dis turbed ground. It can form dense colonies in wooded grassland. In Uganda it grows in secondary scrub, abandoned settlements and cultivated areas. Uses: Live fence, glue (liquid of the fruit), ceremonial, medicine (fruit, leaves, roots). Description: A large vigorous woody shrub or small tree 1-6 m, the branches with scattered thorns which are flattened at the base and straight or hooked to 14 mm long. BARK: grey-brown with a few prickles. Branchlets covered with white woolly hairs and very many sharply curved thorns. LEAVES: usually alternate, 5-14 cm, quite wide but deeply divided into 5-7 lobes, lobes pointed, becoming shiny above but under surface white with hairs and prickles along the midrib. FLOWERS: white-pale mauve, about 2 cm across, shortly tubular with conspicuous yellow anthers in the throat, 5 petal lobes oblong, several flowers together beside leaves on thin stalks. Calyx and stalks white hairy and spiny. FRUIT: rounded to lemon shaped with a pointed tip, often warty, 3-5 cm long, smooth and fleshy, orange-yellow, drying brown-black, containing many seeds in sticky pulp. Propagation: It is much easier to transplant wildings than to raise seedlings in nurseries. Seed: The ripe berry should be crushed, dried and the seeds separated. treatment: not necessary. storage: store in sealed containers in a cool place. Management: Fast growing; trimming. Remarks: In some areas of the highlands in the south-west of Uganda this plant has become a serious invader. The liquid of the fruit is used as glue to fix tool handles and joints in musical instruments. The fruit is poisonous and is used against tapeworm, the roots and leaves for excessive menstrual flow and the roots alone to treat epilepsy. The root bark is used to treat inflammation. The plant is also used in initiation ceremonies for young girls. 580 Solanum aculeastrum Solanaceae 581 .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Red Data List Special Edition
Newsletter of the Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Volume 6 No. 3 ISSN 1027-4286 November 2001 Invasive Alien Plants Part 2 Southern Mozambique Expedition Living Plant Collections: Lowveld, Mozambique, Namibia REDSABONET NewsDATA Vol. 6 No. 3 November LIST 2001 SPECIAL EDITION153 c o n t e n t s Red Data List Features Special 157 Profile: Ezekeil Kwembeya ON OUR COVER: 158 Profile: Anthony Mapaura Ferraria schaeferi, a vulnerable 162 Red Data Lists in Southern Namibian near-endemic. 159 Tribute to Paseka Mafa (Photo: G. Owen-Smith) Africa: Past, Present, and Future 190 Proceedings of the GTI Cover Stories 169 Plant Red Data Books and Africa Regional Workshop the National Botanical 195 Herbarium Managers’ 162 Red Data List Special Institute Course 192 Invasive Alien Plants in 170 Mozambique RDL 199 11th SSC Workshop Southern Africa 209 Further Notes on South 196 Announcing the Southern 173 Gauteng Red Data Plant Africa’s Brachystegia Mozambique Expedition Policy spiciformis 202 Living Plant Collections: 175 Swaziland Flora Protection 212 African Botanic Gardens Mozambique Bill Congress for 2002 204 Living Plant Collections: 176 Lesotho’s State of 214 Index Herbariorum Update Namibia Environment Report 206 Living Plant Collections: 178 Marine Fishes: Are IUCN Lowveld, South Africa Red List Criteria Adequate? Book Reviews 179 Evaluating Data Deficient Taxa Against IUCN 223 Flowering Plants of the Criterion B Kalahari Dunes 180 Charcoal Production in 224 Water Plants of Namibia Malawi 225 Trees and Shrubs of the 183 Threatened
[Show full text]
Dictionary of Cultivated Plants and Their Regions of Diversity Second Edition Revised Of: A.C
Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Second edition revised of: A.C. Zeven and P.M. Zhukovsky, 1975, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity 'N -'\:K 1~ Li Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity Excluding most ornamentals, forest trees and lower plants A.C. Zeven andJ.M.J, de Wet K pudoc Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation Wageningen - 1982 ~T—^/-/- /+<>?- •/ CIP-GEGEVENS Zeven, A.C. Dictionary ofcultivate d plants andthei rregion so f diversity: excluding mostornamentals ,fores t treesan d lowerplant s/ A.C .Zeve n andJ.M.J ,d eWet .- Wageninge n : Pudoc. -11 1 Herz,uitg . van:Dictionar y of cultivatedplant s andthei r centreso fdiversit y /A.C .Zeve n andP.M . Zhukovsky, 1975.- Me t index,lit .opg . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 SISO63 2UD C63 3 Trefw.:plantenteelt . ISBN 90-220-0785-5 ©Centre forAgricultura l Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen,1982 . Nopar t of thisboo k mayb e reproduced andpublishe d in any form,b y print, photoprint,microfil m or any othermean swithou t written permission from thepublisher . Contents Preface 7 History of thewor k 8 Origins of agriculture anddomesticatio n ofplant s Cradles of agriculture and regions of diversity 21 1 Chinese-Japanese Region 32 2 Indochinese-IndonesianRegio n 48 3 Australian Region 65 4 Hindustani Region 70 5 Central AsianRegio n 81 6 NearEaster n Region 87 7 Mediterranean Region 103 8 African Region 121 9 European-Siberian Region 148 10 South American Region 164 11 CentralAmerica n andMexica n Region 185 12 NorthAmerica n Region 199 Specieswithou t an identified region 207 References 209 Indexo fbotanica l names 228 Preface The aimo f thiswor k ist ogiv e thereade r quick reference toth e regionso f diversity ofcultivate d plants.Fo r important crops,region so fdiversit y of related wild species areals opresented .Wil d species areofte nusefu l sources of genes to improve thevalu eo fcrops .
[Show full text]
Solanum Mauritianum (Woolly Nightshade)
ERMA New Zealand Evaluation and Review Report Application for approval to import for release of any New Organisms under section 34(1)(a) of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 Application for approval to import for release Gargaphia decoris (Hemiptera, Tingidae), for the biological control of Solanum mauritianum (woolly nightshade). Application NOR08003 Prepared for the Environmental Risk Management Authority Summary This application is for the import and release of Gargaphia decoris (lace bug) for use as a biological control agent for the control of Solanum mauritianum (woolly nightshade). Woolly nightshade is a rapid growing small (10m) tree that grows in agricultural, coastal and forest areas. It flowers year round, and produces high numbers of seeds that are able to survive for long periods before germinating. It forms dense stands that inhibit the growth of other species through overcrowding, shading and production of inhibitory substances. It is an unwanted organism and is listed on the National Pest Plant Accord. The woolly nightshade lace bug (lace bug) is native to South America, and was introduced to South Africa as a biological control agent for woolly nightshade in 1995. Success of the control programme in South Africa has been limited to date. The lace bug has been selected as a biological control agent because of its high fecundity, high feeding rates, gregarious behaviours and preference for the target plant. Host range testing has indicated that the lace bug has a physiological host range limited to species within the genus Solanum, and that in choice tests woolly nightshade is the preferred host by a significant margin.
[Show full text]
Identifying Conservation Priorities for Crop Wild Relatives in South Africa
Identifying conservation priorities for Crop Wild Relatives in South Africa Domitilla Raimondo, Michelle Hamer, Steven Holness, Joana Brehm Why this work is a priority for South Africa • The conservation of Crop Wild Relatives is important for food security. • Forms part of the work on Benefits from Biodiversity that will be communicated to policy makers via South African National Biodiversity Assessment. • One of the targets of South Africa’s Plant Conservation Strategy a CBD linked commitment. Process followed to identify CWR: • SANBI Biosystematics division developed a checklist of wild relatives of human food (including beverages) and fodder crops. • Checklist includes both indigenous and naturalised taxa present in South Africa, that are relatives of cultivated crops, with a focus on major crops, but also including some less established but potentially important crops.. • A total of 1593 taxa (species, subspecies and varieties), (or 7% of the total number of plant taxa in South Africa) form part of this checklist. Solanum aculeastrum relative of egg plants Ipomoea bathycolpos relative of sweet potatoes Prioritisation of CWRS The South African CWR checklist has been prioritized. Four criteria were used: • socio-economic value of the related crop (at a global, continental and regional scale) • potential for use of the wild relative in crop improvement • threat status and distribution (whether indigenous or naturalized and if indigenous • whether it is restricted to South Africa, ie. endemic The Priority list • 15 families, 33 genera and 258 taxa. • The predominant families in the list are the Poaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae • 258 taxa of which 93 are endemic to South Africa • Nine species on the priority list are included in the National List of Alien and Invasive Species (Ipomoea alba, I.
[Show full text]
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Composition of The
Pharmaceutical Sciences March 2017, 23, 66-71 doi: 10.15171/PS.2017.10 http://journals.tbzmed.ac.ir/PHARM Research Article Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of the Volatile Composition of the Flower and Fruit of Solanum sisymbriifolium (Litchi Tomato) Ardalan Pasdaran1,2*, Arsalan Pasdaran3, Nazim Mamedov4 1Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Research and Development Center of Plants and Medicinal Chemistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran. 2Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. 3Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 4Medicinal Plants Program, Stockbridge School of Agriculture University of Massachusetts at Amherst, USA. A r t i c l e I n f o A B S T R A C T Article History: Background: Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. is used as traditional remedy in Received: 17 September 2016 South America, recently this plant considered as new edible source. Berries Accepted: 23 January 2017 ePublished: 30 March 2017 and flower of S. sisymbriifolium have a characteristic fragrance. The pleasant fragrance of the S. sisymbriifolium could be considered as a source of food Keywords: additive or preservative. -Gas chromatography–Mass Methods: The essential oils of the flower and fruit of S. sisymbriifolium Lam. spectroscopy -Solanum sisymbriifolium (litchi tomato) were isolated by hydrodistillation method and tested for -Litchi tomato antibacterial and antioxidant potentials also these volatile oils analyzed by the -Essential oils gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography- -Antibacterial activity flame ionization detection (GC-FID).The antimicrobial activity of the -Antioxidant activity essential oils of fruits and flowers were tested against Staphylococcus aureus using the well diffusion method and their free-radical-scavenging activity were assessed by the 2, 2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
[Show full text]
Solanum (Solanaceae) in Uganda
Bothalia 25,1: 43-59(1995) Solanum (Solanaceae) in Uganda Z.R. BUKENYA* and J.F. CARASCO** Keywords: food crops, indigenous taxa, key. medicinal plants, ornamentals, Solanum. Solanaceae. Uganda, weeds ABSTRACT Of the 41 species, subspecies and cultivar groups in the genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae) that occur in Uganda, about 30 are indigenous. In Uganda several members of the genus are utilised as food crops while others are put to medicinal and ornamental use. Some members are notorious weeds. A key to the species and descriptions of all Solanum species occurring in Uganda are provided. UITTREKSEL Van die 41 spesies, subspesiesen kultivargroepe indie genus Solanum L. (Solanaceae) wat in Uganda voorkom. is sowat 30 inheems. Verskeie lede van die genus word as voedselgewasse benut. terwyl ander vir geneeskundige en omamentele gebruike aangewend word. Sommige lede is welbekend as onkruide. n Sleutel tot die spesies en beskrvw ings van al die Solanum-spes\cs wat in Uganda voorkom word voorsien. CONTENTS C. Subgenus Leptostemonum (Dunal) Bitter ........ 50 Section Acanthophora Dunal ............................... 51 Introduction............................................................... 44 15. S. mammosum L............................................. 51 Materials and m ethods............................................ 45 16. S. aculeatissimum Jacq................................... 51 Key to species........................................................... 45 Section Aeuleigerum Seithe .................................. 51 Solanum L.................................................................
[Show full text]
Dichotomous Keys to the Species of Solanum L
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeysDichotomous 127: 39–76 (2019) keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa... 39 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.127.34326 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands Sandra Knapp1, Maria S. Vorontsova2, Tiina Särkinen3 1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 2 Compa- rative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK Corresponding author: Sandra Knapp ([email protected]) Academic editor: Leandro Giacomin | Received 9 March 2019 | Accepted 5 June 2019 | Published 19 July 2019 Citation: Knapp S, Vorontsova MS, Särkinen T (2019) Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands. PhytoKeys 127: 39–76. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.127.34326 Abstract Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identifica- tion due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions): continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius, La Réunion, the Comoros and the Seychelles), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands. Some of these have previously been pub- lished in the context of monographic works, but here we include all taxa.
[Show full text]
Ocimum Gratissimum L (Lamiaceae)
N° 02 MAI - AOÛT 2017 ISSN : 2520 - 3037 Email : [email protected] http//www.csrs.ch/pasres P R O G R A M M E D ’ A P P U I S T R A T É G I Q U E À L A R E C H E R C H E S C I E N T I F I Q U E 2 COMITÉ DE PILOTAGE/ STEERING BOARD PRESIDÉNT Pr KONARÉ Aboudramane Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB) VICE-PRÉSIDENT Pr UTZINGER Jürg Institut Tropical Suisse (SWISS TPH) VICE-PRÉSIDENT DÉLÉGUÉ Pr BONFOH Bassirou Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire (CSRS) MEMBRES M. TRAORÉ Seydou Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances (MEF) Me HOEGAH Théodore Représentant du Secteur Privé OBSERVATEURS Pr BIAKA Zasseli Ignace Président du Conseil Scientifique Dr SANGARÉ Yaya Secrétaire Exécutif, Secrétaire de séance COMITÉ DE RÉDACTION / EDITORIAL BOARD RÉDACTEUR EN CHEF Pr KAMANZI Kagoyire, UFHB MEMBRES / MEMBERS Pr BAKAYOKO Adama, Université Nangui Abrogoua (UNA) Pr OUATTARA Allassane, UNA Dr KADJO Blaise, UFHB Dr KASSI N’Dja Justin, UFHB Dr KONÉ Inza, UFHB Dr KONÉ Mamidou Witabouna, UNA Dr TIÉBRÉ Marie Solange, UFHB DIRECTEUR DE PUBLICATION / Pr BIAKA Zasseli Ignace EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Président du Conseil Scientifique REB-PASRES 2(2) 3 COMITÉ DE LECTURE / PEER REVIEWERS Pr ADOU YAO Constant Yves, UFHB Côte d’Ivoire Pr AKOÉGNINOU Akpovi, Université d’Abomey-Calavi Bénin Pr BOGAERT Jan, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Université de Liège Belgique Pr BOUSSIM Issaka Joseph, Université de Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Pr KAKOU N’DOUBA Adèle, Institut Pasteur d’Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Pr KONÉ Daouda, UFHB Côte d’Ivoire Pr KONÉ Tidiani, Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJLoG) Côte d’Ivoire Pr KOUAMÉLAN Essetchi Paul, UFHB Côte d’Ivoire Pr KOUSSEMON Marina Caroll Edwige, UNA Côte d’Ivoire Pr N’DA Konan, UNA Côte d’Ivoire Pr N’GUESSAN Kouakou Édouard, UFHB Côte d’Ivoire Pr TANO Yao, UNA Côte d’Ivoire Pr TRAORÉ Dossahoua, UFHB Côte d’Ivoire Pr YAOKOKORÉ-BEIBRO K.
[Show full text]
Intoduction to Ethnobotany
Intoduction to Ethnobotany The diversity of plants and plant uses Draft, version November 22, 2018 Shipunov, Alexey (compiler). Introduction to Ethnobotany. The diversity of plant uses. November 22, 2018 version (draft). 358 pp. At the moment, this is based largely on P. Zhukovskij’s “Cultivated plants and their wild relatives” (1950, 1961), and A.C.Zeven & J.M.J. de Wet “Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity” (1982). Title page image: Mandragora officinarum (Solanaceae), “female” mandrake, from “Hortus sanitatis” (1491). This work is dedicated to public domain. Contents Cultivated plants and their wild relatives 4 Dictionary of cultivated plants and their regions of diversity 92 Cultivated plants and their wild relatives 4 5 CEREALS AND OTHER STARCH PLANTS Wheat It is pointed out that the wild species of Triticum and related genera are found in arid areas; the greatest concentration of them is in the Soviet republics of Georgia and Armenia and these are regarded as their centre of origin. A table is given show- ing the geographical distribution of 20 species of Triticum, 3 diploid, 10 tetraploid and 7 hexaploid, six of the species are endemic in Georgia and Armenia: the diploid T. urarthu, the tetraploids T. timopheevi, T. palaeo-colchicum, T. chaldicum and T. carthlicum and the hexaploid T. macha, Transcaucasia is also considered to be the place of origin of T. vulgare. The 20 species are described in turn; they comprise 4 wild species, T. aegilopoides, T. urarthu (2n = 14), T. dicoccoides and T. chaldicum (2n = 28) and 16 cultivated species. A number of synonyms are indicated for most of the species.
[Show full text]
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 and Ocimum
1 1 Diversity, Ethnobotanical potential and sustainability assessment of plants used by traditional 2 healers to treat cancer in Boyo Division, North-West Region, Cameroon 3 Abstract 4 Aims: Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Therefore, the knowledge on medicinal 5 plants used to cure human cancer could be of great importance for their widespread use and scientific 6 validation. The present study records information on anticancer plants in Boyo Division, in the western 7 highland of Cameroon. 8 Methods: Thirty traditional healers, were interviewed to document their know-how on the type of 9 human cancer allegedly cured, the plant species used as well as their use pattern. Guided field walks 10 were made to the collection sites for plant and its habitat characterization as well as herbarium 11 voucher collection. Ethnobotanical quantitative tools were used to analyze and summarize collected 12 data. Sustainability of harvest was assessed using a vulnerability index based on seven parameters. 13 Results: A total of 25 medicinal plants cited were identified as belonging to 13 families and 23 genera. 14 The most represented families were Asteraceae (28%), Lamiaceae (16%), Fabaceae (12%) and 15 Acanthaceae (8%). Out of the seven categories of cancer diseases reported, the highest number of 16 plants species were reported to treat stomach, pancreas, liver, skin and breast cancers, with informant 17 consensus factor (ICF) ranging from 0.79 to 0.82. Leaves (60%) and bark (20%) were the major plant 18 parts used mostly in form of decoction (45.45%) and concoction (38.18%). The result of Relative 19 frequency citations (RFCs) revealed that 9 of the 25 plants species cited were the most frequently 20 used with fidelity levels ranging from 92% (Geniosporum rotundifolium and Ocimum tenuiflorum 21 Aframomum melegueta and Entada abyssinica) to 100% (Coleus blumei, Ocimum gratissimum, 22 Eremomastax speciosa, and Dichrocephala integrifolia).
[Show full text]
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ Setor De Ciências Exatas – Departamento De Química Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Química
1 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ Setor de Ciências Exatas – Departamento de Química Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química Constituintes Químicos de Solanum caavurana Vell.: Isolamento, Mapeamento Fitoquímico por IES-EM/EM e sua aplicação no tratamento da Hanseníase. Doutoranda: M. Sc. Nelissa Pacheco Vaz Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Beatriz Helena L. de N. S. Maia Curitiba - Paraná Julho 2010 2 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO: ..............................................................................................................3 A Família Solanaceae: ...........................................................................................4 O Gênero Solanum: ................................................................................................5 Principais Metabólitos Secundários: ......................................................................6 Espécie Vegetal em Estudo: ....................................................................................8 Solanum caavurana Vell. : ......................................................................................8 1. OBJETIVOS: ......................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Geral: ......................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Específicos: ................................................................................................ 10 2. MATERIAIS E METODOLOGIA: ...................................................................... 11 2.1 Coleta
[Show full text]
SOLANUM ACULEASTRUM Dunal
THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SOLANUM ACULEASTRUM Dunal. BERRIES. OLUWASEYI MAYODE ABOYADE SEPTEMBER, 2009 THE EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF SOLANUM ACULEASTRUM Dunal. BERRIES. OLUWASEYI MAYODE ABOYADE SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY: BOTANY (PHYTOMEDICINE) DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF FORT HARE SUPERVISOR: PROF AJ AFOLAYAN CO-SUPERVISOR: PROF DS GRIERSON SEPTEMBER, 2009 DEDICATION TO GOD WHO HAS BEEN MY HELP IN AGES PAST AND WHO IS THE HOPE OF THE YEARS TO COME YOU ARE A FAITHFUL FATHER TABLE OF CONTENT General Abstract………………………………………………………………………………i Intellectual property agreement statement…………………………………………................v CHAPTER PAGE NO 1. General introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 2. Assessment of the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants: Review……………….. 24 3. Anti- nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of fresh Solanum aculeastrum Dunal. berries in male Wistar rats……………………………34 4. Comparative studies on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of the aqueous extracts from the fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum …….……54 5. Non specific cytotoxicity of Solanum aculeastrum berries on cancerous and non- cancerous cells ……………………………………………………………….……..71 6. Toxicological evaluation of the aqueous extract of the berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal. berries in male Wistar rats …………………………………………………..93 7. Studies on the toxicological effect of the aqueous extract of the fresh, dried and boiled berries of Solanum aculeastrum Dunal in male Wistar rats.…………..……………103 8. General discussion and conclusion………………………………………………….116 9. Acknowledgement…………………………………….…………………………….131 GENERAL ABSTRACT i General Abstract There has been a steady increase in the use of medicinal plants in the last two decades in both developed and developing countries for prevention, management and treatment of diseases.
[Show full text]