The Value and Utility of Animals in Research
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The Use of Non-Human Primates in Research in Primates Non-Human of Use The
The use of non-human primates in research The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatherall FRS FMedSci Report sponsored by: Academy of Medical Sciences Medical Research Council The Royal Society Wellcome Trust 10 Carlton House Terrace 20 Park Crescent 6-9 Carlton House Terrace 215 Euston Road London, SW1Y 5AH London, W1B 1AL London, SW1Y 5AG London, NW1 2BE December 2006 December Tel: +44(0)20 7969 5288 Tel: +44(0)20 7636 5422 Tel: +44(0)20 7451 2590 Tel: +44(0)20 7611 8888 Fax: +44(0)20 7969 5298 Fax: +44(0)20 7436 6179 Fax: +44(0)20 7451 2692 Fax: +44(0)20 7611 8545 Email: E-mail: E-mail: E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Web: www.acmedsci.ac.uk Web: www.mrc.ac.uk Web: www.royalsoc.ac.uk Web: www.wellcome.ac.uk December 2006 The use of non-human primates in research A working group report chaired by Sir David Weatheall FRS FMedSci December 2006 Sponsors’ statement The use of non-human primates continues to be one the most contentious areas of biological and medical research. The publication of this independent report into the scientific basis for the past, current and future role of non-human primates in research is both a necessary and timely contribution to the debate. We emphasise that members of the working group have worked independently of the four sponsoring organisations. Our organisations did not provide input into the report’s content, conclusions or recommendations. -
Animal Research Essay Resources 2013
Animal research essay resources 2013 Animal Research Essay Resources (Manage) and AO2 (Use Resources) assessment objectives of their EPQ. Click on one of the links below for resources on the specific area of interest surrounding the AO1 requires students to identify their topic and issue of animal testing: the project’s aims and objectives. They must then produce a project plan and complete their History of animal research work, applying organisational skills and Ethics of animal experiments strategies to meet stated objectives. This page Costs and benefits of research aims to help students get a handle on the topic Regulatory systems and the 3Rs of animal research and provide some inspiration Animal rights activism and extremism for possible areas of further study. General Websites AO2 requires students to obtain, and select Many students, from primary school to from, a variety of resources, analyse and apply university, write assignments that relate to the this data in a relevant manner and demonstrate issue of animal research. This page aims to an understanding of appropriate links. This page support this by providing links to useful will provide links to large amounts of relevant materials. It is especially useful to any students information that students can use for their carrying out the Extended Project Qualification project, however it remains up to students to (EPQ) alongside their A-levels or Extended Essay critically analyse and apply it to their specific as part of their International Baccalaureate project focus. studies. Those students should read the section below. History of animal research Beneath each link is a Harvard Reference for the The use of animals in scientific experiments in book, webpage or document in question which the UK can be traced back at least as far as the can be used in the footnotes or endnotes of 17th Century with Harvey’s experiments on your project paper. -
Kampen Om Kvinnan
Ulrika Nilsson Kampen om Kvinnan Professionalisering och konstruktioner av kön i svensk gynekologi 1860–1925 Doktorsavhandling för filosofie doktorsexamen i idé- och lärdomshistoria framlagd vid Uppsala universitet 2003. ABSTRACT Nilsson Ulrika, 2003: Kampen om Kvinnan: Professionaliseringsprocesser och konstruktioner av kön i svensk gynekologi 1860-1925 (The Politics of Woman: Pro- fessionalisation Processes and Constructions of Gender in Swedish Gynaecology, 1860-1925). Written in Swedish with an English summary. Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, Uppsala universitet, Skrifter 31. 458 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91- 506-1721-4. This thesis investigates how gynaecology was established as a medical speciality in Sweden in the 1860s and onwards. Gender, power, professionalisation and the pro- duction of scientific knowledge are central themes. While previous research has shown that gynaecology as a discipline depends upon notions of Woman as radi- cally different from Man, I show how this was manifested within Swedish gynae- cology, an initially all male environment. Of special interest is institutionalisation, early career-paths and the development of therapy methods and theory. I argue that gynaecology reproduced and contributed to notions of sex-difference and a gender complementary way of thinking. While gynaecology was formed as a surgically interventionist speciality with strong manly connotations, an education reform aiming at opening higher education to women was simultaneously discussed and eventually carried out during the 1860s -
Poliomyelitis and the Neurologists: the View from England, 1896-1966
Poliomyelitis and the Neurologists: The View from England, 1896-1966 ANNE HARDY The American vs. the European Experience In 1907, following one of the earliest poliomyelitis outbreaks in New York City, the New York Neurological Society set up a poliomyelitis committee with a view to studying and illuminating the behavior of this newly epi- demic disease.' The neurologists7 interest in polio was of long standing, dating from the orthopedic surgeon Jacob von Heine's conclusion, in 1860, that the symptoms of infant paralysis pointed to "an affection of the central nervous system, namely the spinal cord."* Ten years later, Heine7s deduction had been confirmed by the researches ofJean-Martin Charcot (1825-93), who demonstrated the destruction of the grey matter of the anterior horns of the spinal cord (within which the motor impulses arise and are transmitted) in cases of infant paralysk3 This demonstration of the pathology of the disease placed it firmly within the concerns of neurol- ogy, where it remained until polio arrived as a major epidemic problem. In America, according to John R. Paul, the New York Neurological Society's committee marked "almost the last time that neurologists as a professional body were to assume a position of dominance with respect This article was written in memory of Elizabeth Mary Margaret Hardy (1922-52). I am grateful to Michael Neve, who gave me the occasion to write it; to Bill Bynum, for advice; to Irvine Loudon, for generously supplying the graph; and to Tony Gould, Andrew Wear, and the Bulletin's anonymous referees, for constructive criticism. 1.John R. -
Animal Use in Major Depressive Disorder: a Necessary Evil? Assessing the Past to Improve the Future
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Animal use in Major Depressive Disorder: a necessary evil? Assessing the past to improve the future “Documento Definitivo” Doutoramento em Biologia Especialidade Biotecnologia Maria Constança Dias Pinheiro de Oliveira Carvalho Tese orientada por: Professor Doutor Andrew David Knight Professor Doutor Luís António de Matos Vicente Professor Doutor Tiago André Lamas Oliveira Marques Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de doutor 2020 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS Animal use in Major Depressive Disorder: a necessary evil? Assessing the past to improve the future Doutoramento em Biologia Especialidade de Biotecnologia Maria Constança Dias Pinheiro de Oliveira Carvalho Tese orientada por: Professor Doutor Andrew David Knight Professor Doutor Luís António de Matos Vicente Professor Doutor Tiago André Lamas Oliveira Marques Júri: Presidente: ● Doutora Sólveig Thorsteinsdottir, Professora Associada com Agregação da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Vogais: ● Doutor Andrew Knight, Professor na Faculty of Health and Wellbeing da University of Winchester (Reino Unido) (Orientador) ● Doutora Paula Maria Marques Leal Sanches Alves, Investigadora Principal do Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB) da Universidade Nova de Lisboa ● Doutor Rui Filipe Nunes Pais de Oliveira, Professor Catedrático do ISPA - Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida ● Doutor Davide Vecchi, Investigador Júnior do Centro de Filosofia das Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa ● Doutor Rui Miguel Borges Sampaio e Rebelo, Professor Auxiliar da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Documento especialmente elaborado para a obtenção do grau de doutor AnimalFreeResearch/Switzerland John Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing 2020 I This research was funded by AnimalFreeResearch/Switzerland and, partially, by the John Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing. -
Accountability
ACCOUNTABILITY animal experiments & freedom of information The assessment of projects under the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 The licensing process The Animal Procedures Committee The application of Nolan principles ACCOUNTABILITY animal experiments & freedom of information - a parliamentary briefing CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 2. Background 2 3. Secrecy vs Transparency 5 4. Put it to the test 9 5. The Animal Procedures Committee 13 6. Reform of the APC 16 7. Local Ethics Committees 21 8. Conclusions 25 Appendix: Profile of current members of the APC 261 Goldhawk Road, London W12 9PE. Tel. 0181 846 9777 Fax. 0181 846 9712 e-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.cygnet.co.uk/navs ©NAVS 1997 ACCOUNTABILITY 1. Introduction There is undoubtedly considerable public disquiet that cruel, unnecessary or repetitive research continues on animals in British laboratories. Bland government assurances that our legislation is the ‘best in the world’ do not convince a public now familiar with video and photographic evidence of the reality of animal experimentation. The secrecy with which the law is administered only hardens the conviction that there is something to hide. Well documented evidence from the NAVS and others has shown that government guidelines and the ‘Code of Practice for the Housing and Care of Laboratory Animals’ are not diligently enforced and that the Home Office leans towards protection of vivisection industry interests rather than towards serving the public will. It has taken undercover investigations to expose serious abuses within the system. In March 1997 a Channel 4 investigation led to the threat of the revocation of the Certificate of Designation for Huntingdon Life Sciences and the prosecution of former staff members. -
Perspectives
PERSPECTIVES several organizations that were set up to SCIENCE AND SOCIETY continue the campaign. In both the United States and Europe, the debate about animal experimentation waned Animal experimentation: with the advent of the First World War, only to re-emerge during the 1970s, when anti- the continuing debate vivisection and animal-welfare organizations joined forces to campaign for new legislation to regulate animal research and testing. In the Mark Matfield United States, the public debate re-emerged in a more dramatic fashion in 1980, when an The use of animals in research and there was considerable protest from some activist infiltrated the laboratory of Dr Edward development has remained a subject of members of the audience and that, after one Taub of the Institute of Behavioural Research public debate for over a century. Although animal had been injected, an eminent med- at Silver Spring, Maryland (BOX 1). This attack there is good evidence from opinion surveys ical figure summoned the magistrates to on Taub’s research was organized by a tiny that the public accepts the use of animals in prevent the demonstration from continuing. animal-rights group called People for the research, they are poorly informed about the The Royal Society for the Prevention of Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), which way in which it is regulated, and are Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA) brought a pros- has since grown to dominate the campaign in increasingly concerned about laboratory- ecution for cruelty, and several of the doctors the United States. animal welfare. This article will review how present at the demonstration gave evidence public concerns about animal against Magnan, who returned to France to The anatomy of the campaign experimentation developed, the recent avoid answering the charges. -
12-Vagar-Till-Global-Halsa.Pdf
EN ANTOLOGI OM UTMANINGAR OCH MÖJLIGHETER I GENOMFÖRANDET AV AGENDA 2030 RED. ROSANNA FÄRNMAN JUNI 2017 12 VÄGAR TILL GLOBAL HÄLSA – FRÅN FORSKNING TILL POLICY ANTOLOGI 12 VÄGAR TILL INNEHÅLL GLOBAL HÄLSA FRÅN FORSKNING TILL POLICY Kaptiel 1 Förord Johan Hassel och Rosanna Färnman, Global Utmaning REDAKTÖR DEL 1 HÄLSA UR ETT RÄTTIGHETSPERSPEKTIV ROSANNA FÄRNMAN, GLOBAL UTMANING kapitel 2 Börja med barnen – utbildning och hälsa går hand i hand CO-EDIT Gun-Britt Andersson, Global Utmaning och Expertgruppen för Biståndsanalys (EBA) EMELIE ANNEROTH OCH MIA LAURÉN, GLOBAL UTMANING Kapitel 3 Klimatpolitik för folkhälsan Sofia Lindegren, Läkarförbundet SKRIBENTER Kapitel 4 Vägen mot hiv/aidsepidemins slut går genom unga och kvinnor GUN-BRITT ANDERSSON (GLOBAL UTMANING, EBA), SOFIA LINDEGREN (LÄKARFÖRBUNDET), Anna Mia Ekström, Karolinska institutet ANNA MIA EKSTRÖM (KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET), MOA CORTOBIUS (SIWI), KRISTINA LJUNGROS Kapitel 5 Vatten och sanitet – en underprioriterad genusfråga (RFSU), FREDRIK SABOONCHI OCH FRIDA METSO (RÖDA KORSETS HÖGSKOLA), MALIN GRAPE Moa Cortobius, Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI) (FOLKHÄLSOMYNDIGHETEN), MEENA DAIVADANAM (UPPSALA UNIVERSITET), STEFAN LINDGREN Kapitel 6 Aborträtten – en fråga om mänskliga rättigheter (LUNDS UNIVERSITET, SVENSKA LÄKARSÄLLSKAPET), JAY WENGER (BILL AND MELINDA GATES Kristina Ljungros, RFSU och International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) FOUNDATION), OCH TOBIAS ALFVÉN (KAROLINSKA INSTITUTET, SVENSKA LÄKARSÄLLSKAPET). Kaptiel 7 Psykisk hälsa – en förutsättning -
Platforms and Funds for Alternatives to Animal Experimentation
Platforms and Funds for Alternatives to Animal Experimentation Live Kleveland A report from The Norwegian Reference Centre for Laboratory Animal Science & Alternatives, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, Oslo, Norway 2005 ISBN 82-7725-120-3 This is a revised version of the report, after circulation to representatives of all ecopa platforms for approval. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION _____________________________________________________ 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ______________________________________________ 4 ECOPA AND EUROPEAN CONSENSUS-PLATFORMS FOR ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION _____________________________________ 5 Austria ______________________________________________________________ 5 Belgium _____________________________________________________________ 6 The Czech Republic ____________________________________________________ 6 Finland______________________________________________________________ 7 Germany_____________________________________________________________ 8 Italy_________________________________________________________________ 8 The Netherlands ______________________________________________________ 9 Spain_______________________________________________________________ 10 Sweden _____________________________________________________________ 11 Switzerland__________________________________________________________ 12 The UK _____________________________________________________________ 13 SUMMARY OF CONSENSUS-PLATFORMS FOR ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION ________________________________________________ 15 FUNDING OF -
Story-Of-Polio.Pdf
1 Childhood memories of polio fears 2 1789: Dr. Michael Underwood (Britain): Debility of the lower extremities 1840: Dr. Jacob von Heine (Germany)—First systematic investigation; theory contagious 1894 1st significant outbreak of infantile paralysis subsequently identified as polio is documented in the US 1907: Dr. Ivar Wickman (Sweden) categorizes different clinical types of polio 1908: Dr. Karl Landsteiner and Dr. Erwin Popper (Austria) hypothesize polio is virus 1916: NY polio epidemic killed 2,400 people (mostly children) and left thousands more with a life‐long disability. The first major U.S. polio epidemic occurred in 1894 in Vermont, with 132 cases. New York City experienced its first large‐scale outbreak in 1916, with more than 27,000 cases and 6,000 deaths. Kept popping up mysteriously and worsening as sanitation improved. More likely to hit Enterovirus Serotypes 1,2,3 Oral‐fecal and oral‐oral spread Most infections not symptomatic 5% nonspecific fever, headache, sore throat <1% paralysis Deaths in 5‐10% children, 15‐30% adults Withered legs on Egyptian carvings 1900s epidemics in Europe and the US 3 Almost all children infected with 1:200 developing paralytic polio 1952 had the worst polio outbreak with 57,879 total cases, >21,000 paralytic cases, and 3, 145 deaths. Pink Book 1916, 1952 — Polio: Polio occurred primarily in July, August, and September and hit regardless of geographic region, economic status, or population density. Relatively few people showed any symptoms and even fewer died or experienced paralysis, but the physical effects were dramatic. Communities reacted with dread because no one understood how or why people got it, and because children were the most frequently affected. -
Australian Animal Protection Law Journal
AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL PROTECTION LAW JOURNAL 2008 VOLUME 1 EDITOR John Mancy LEGAL BULLETIN SERVICE [2008] 1 ANIMAL PROTECTION LAW JOURNAL 1 AUSTRALIAN ANIMAL PROTECTION LAW JOURNAL Editor: John Mancy Assistant Editor: Jacquie Mancy-Stuhl SPECIAL CONTRIBUTIONS The Australian Animal Protection Law Journal welcomes any financial donation. Any person or organisation wishing to become a patron of the AAPLJ should contact the Editor for further information. The Australian Animal Protection Law Journal expresses its appreciation to Voiceless, the fund for animals, for its generous support in 2008. The Australian Animal Protection Law Journal (AAPLJ) is meant for general information. Where possible, references are given so readers can access original sources or find more information. Information contained in the AAPLJ does not represent legal advice. Liability is limited by a scheme approved under the Professional Standards legislation © 2008 Lightoir Holdings Pty Ltd t/as Legal Bulletin Service [2008] 1 ANIMAL PROTECTION LAW JOURNAL 2 Australia’s first animal law journal The Australian Animal Protection Law Journal (AAPLJ) is intended to be a forum for principled consideration and spirited discussion of the issues of law and fact affecting the lives of non-human animals. “The greatest threat to animals is passivity and ongoing acceptance of the status quo; a status quo most easily maintained through silence,” as Peter Sankoff says in a note on the imminent publication of Animal Law in Australasia: A New Dialogue. This inaugural issue of the AAPLJ illustrates some of the width and depth of issues arising under animal law. Arguably, as Ian Weldon writes, animal protection laws in all Australian states fail to protect “most animals from routine and systematic ill treatment”. -
The Ethics of Research Involving Animals Published by Nuffield Council on Bioethics 28 Bedford Square London WC1B 3JS
The ethics of research involving animals Published by Nuffield Council on Bioethics 28 Bedford Square London WC1B 3JS Telephone: +44 (0)20 7681 9619 Fax: +44 (0)20 7637 1712 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org ISBN 1 904384 10 2 May 2005 To order a printed copy please contact the Nuffield Council or visit the website. © Nuffield Council on Bioethics 2005 All rights reserved. Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, no part of the publication may be produced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, or by any means, without prior permission of the copyright owners. Designed by dsprint / redesign 7 Jute Lane Brimsdown Enfield EN3 7JL Printed by Latimer Trend & Company Ltd Estover Road Plymouth PL6 7PY The ethics of research involving animals Nuffield Council on Bioethics Professor Sir Bob Hepple QC, FBA (Chairman) Professor Catherine Peckham CBE (Deputy Chairman) Professor Tom Baldwin Professor Margot Brazier OBE* Professor Roger Brownsword Professor Sir Kenneth Calman KCB FRSE Professor Peter Harper The Rt Reverend Richard Harries DD FKC FRSL Professor Peter Lipton Baroness Perry of Southwark** (up to March 2005) Professor Lord Raymond Plant Professor Martin Raff FRS (up to March 2005) Mr Nick Ross (up to March 2005) Professor Herbert Sewell Professor Peter Smith CBE Professor Dame Marilyn Strathern FBA Dr Alan Williamson FRSE * (co-opted member of the Council for the period of chairing the Working Party on the ethics of prolonging