Fact Sheet: Single-Pair Ethernet Trade Article
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Mikrodenetleyicili Endüstriyel Seri Protokol Çözümleyici Sisteminin Programi
YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ MİKRODENETLEYİCİLİ ENDÜSTRİYEL SERİ PROTOKOL ÇÖZÜMLEYİCİ SİSTEMİNİN PROGRAMI Elektronik ve Haberleşme Müh. Kemal GÜNSAY FBE Elektronik ve Haberleşme Anabilim Dalı Elektronik Programında Hazırlanan YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Tez Danışmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tuncay UZUN (YTÜ) İSTANBUL, 2009 YILDIZ TEKNİK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ MİKRODENETLEYİCİLİ ENDÜSTRİYEL SERİ PROTOKOL ÇÖZÜMLEYİCİ SİSTEMİNİN PROGRAMI Elektronik ve Haberleşme Müh. Kemal GÜNSAY FBE Elektronik ve Haberleşme Anabilim Dalı Elektronik Programında Hazırlanan YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Tez Danışmanı : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Tuncay UZUN (YTÜ) İSTANBUL, 2009 İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa KISALTMA LİSTESİ ................................................................................................................ v ŞEKİL LİSTESİ ...................................................................................................................... viii ÇİZELGE LİSTESİ .................................................................................................................... x ÖNSÖZ ...................................................................................................................................... xi ÖZET ........................................................................................................................................ xii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ xiii 1. GİRİŞ ...................................................................................................................... -
Gigabit Ethernet - CH 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethern
Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet - CH 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethern.. Page 1 of 36 [Figures are not included in this sample chapter] Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet - 3 - Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet Standards This chapter discusses the theory and standards of the three versions of Ethernet around today: regular 10Mbps Ethernet, 100Mbps Fast Ethernet, and 1000Mbps Gigabit Ethernet. The goal of this chapter is to educate you as a LAN manager or IT professional about essential differences between shared 10Mbps Ethernet and these newer technologies. This chapter focuses on aspects of Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet that are relevant to you and doesn’t get into too much technical detail. Read this chapter and the following two (Chapter 4, "Layer 2 Ethernet Switching," and Chapter 5, "VLANs and Layer 3 Switching") together. This chapter focuses on the different Ethernet MAC and PHY standards, as well as repeaters, also known as hubs. Chapter 4 examines Ethernet bridging, also known as Layer 2 switching. Chapter 5 discusses VLANs, some basics of routing, and Layer 3 switching. These three chapters serve as a precursor to the second half of this book, namely the hands-on implementation in Chapters 8 through 12. After you understand the key differences between yesterday’s shared Ethernet and today’s Switched, Fast, and Gigabit Ethernet, evaluating products and building a network with these products should be relatively straightforward. The chapter is split into seven sections: l "Ethernet and the OSI Reference Model" discusses the OSI Reference Model and how Ethernet relates to the physical (PHY) and Media Access Control (MAC) layers of the OSI model. -
Ethernet Coax Transceiver Interface 1CY7B8392 Functional Description
CY7B8392 Ethernet Coax Transceiver Interface 1CY7B8392 Functional Description Features The CY7B8392 is a low power coaxial transceiver for Ethernet 10BASE5 and 10BASE2 applications. The device contains all • Compliant with IEEE802.3 10BASE5 and 10BASE2 the circuits required to perform transmit, receive, collision de- • Pin compatible with the popular 8392 tection, heartbeat generation, jabber timer and attachment • Internal squelch circuit to eliminate input noise unit interface (AUI) functions. In addition, the CY7B8392 fea- • Hybrid mode collision detect for extended distance tures an advanced hybrid collision detection. • Automatic AUI port isolation when coaxial connector is The transmitter output is connected directly to a double termi- not present nated 50Ω cable. • Low power BiCMOS design The CY7B8392 is fabricated with an advanced low power • 16-Pin DIP or 28-Pin PLCC BiCMOS process. Typical standby current during idle is 25 mA. Logic Block Diagram RX+ HIGH PASS AUI CCM EQUALIZATION DRIVER RX– RXI LOW PASS FILTER CD+ AUI GND – CARRIER DRIVER LOW PASS SENSE CD– FILTER + TX+ TX– – COLLISION CDS LOW PASS + RCV FILTER TXO WAVEFORM + DC/AC SHAPING SQUELCH – VEE 10 MHz CLK WATCHDOG JABBER RESET OSC TIMER26 ms TIMER0.4 sec RR+ REFERENCE 1K CIRCUIT TRANSMIT RECEIVE RR– STATE STATE MACHINE MACHINE HBE 8392–1 Pin Configurations PLCC DIP Top View Top View – RX+ CD CD+ CDS NC RXI TXO CD+ 1 16 CDS 432 1 28 2726 CD– 2 15 TXO VEE (NC) 5 25 VEE (NC) RX+ 3 14 RXI VEE (NC) 6 24 VEE V VEE 7 23 VEE (NC) EE 4 13 VEE 7B8392 7B8392 VEE 8 22 VEE (NC) VEE 5 12 RR– VEE (NC) 9 21 VEE RX– 6 11 RR+ VEE (NC) 10 20 VEE (NC) TX+ 7 10 GND VEE (NC) 11 121314 15 16 1718 RR– TX– 8 9 HBE – – TX+ TX RX 8392–3 RR+ HBE GND GND 8392–2 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation • 3901 North First Street • San Jose • CA 95134 • 408-943-2600 Document #: 38-02016 Rev. -
Ethernet Basics-1/5 BB-WP3 © 2002 by B&B Electronics
Ethernet Basics-1/5 BB-WP3 © 2002 by B&B Electronics. All rights reserved.1005 ETHERNET BASICS B&B ELECTRONICS Regular, Fast, and Ultrafast Ethernet 10BASE5—Thick Ethernet or Thicknet—is the original Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 Ethernet. 10BASE2—Thin Ethernet, Thinnet, or Cheapernet—resembles 10BASE5, was introduced to reduce the cost and complexity of installation, and became very popular for replacing Thick Ethernet as an office-cabling solution. 10BASE-T, a completely new physical layer, is IEEE 802.3i and uses two pairs of unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) B&B B&B ELECTRONICS telephone-type cable: one to transmit; the other to receive. 10BASE-F refers to three different fiber-optic specifications: . 10BASE-FL (Fiber Link) replaces the 1987 Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link (FOIRL) specification and is backward compatible with existing FOIRL devices. It is the most popular 10-Mbps fiber standard. 10BASE-FP and 10BASE-FB are dead. P means passive; B means backbone. Fast Ethernet 100BASE-T is 10BASE-T with the original Ethernet Media Access Controller (MAC) at 10 times the speed. It allows three physical-layer implementations, all part of IEEE 802.3u: 100BASE-TX, which has two pairs of Category 5 UTP or Type 1 STP cabling and is most popular for horizontal connections; 100BASE-FX, which has two strands of multimode fiber and is most popular for vertical or backbone connections; 100BASE-T4, which as four pairs of Category 3 or better cabling and is not common. Gigabit or 1000-Mb Ethernet is the 1998 IEEE 802.3z standard that includes the Gigabit Ethernet MAC and three physical layers. -
Modern Ethernet
Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen All-In-One / Network+ Certification All-in-One Exam Guide / Meyers / 225345-2 / Chapter 6 CHAPTER Modern Ethernet 6 The Network+ Certification exam expects you to know how to • 1.2 Specify the main features of 802.2 (Logical Link Control) [and] 802.3 (Ethernet): speed, access method, topology, media • 1.3 Specify the characteristics (for example: speed, length, topology, and cable type) of the following cable standards: 10BaseT and 10BaseFL; 100BaseTX and 100BaseFX; 1000BaseTX, 1000BaseCX, 1000BaseSX, and 1000BaseLX; 10GBaseSR, 10GBaseLR, and 10GBaseER • 1.4 Recognize the following media connectors and describe their uses: RJ-11, RJ-45, F-type, ST,SC, IEEE 1394, LC, MTRJ • 1.6 Identify the purposes, features, and functions of the following network components: hubs, switches • 2.3 Identify the OSI layers at which the following network components operate: hubs, switches To achieve these goals, you must be able to • Define the characteristics, cabling, and connectors used in 10BaseT and 10BaseFL • Explain how to connect multiple Ethernet segments • Define the characteristics, cabling, and connectors used with 100Base and Gigabit Ethernet Historical/Conceptual The first generation of Ethernet network technologies enjoyed substantial adoption in the networking world, but their bus topology continued to be their Achilles’ heel—a sin- gle break anywhere on the bus completely shut down an entire network. In the mid- 1980s, IBM unveiled a competing network technology called Token Ring. You’ll get the complete discussion of Token Ring in the next chapter, but it’s enough for now to say that Token Ring used a physical star topology. -
Cheetahub Classic-2041 Quick Installation Guide
CheetaHub Classic-2041 Quick Installation Guide EH2041S E0898-R02 Copyright © 1998 by Accton Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of Accton Technology Corporation. Accton makes no warranties with respect to this documentation and disclaims any implied warranties of merchantability, quality, or fitness for any particular purpose. The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Accton reserves the right to make revisions to this publication CheetaHub Classic-2041 without obligation to notify any person or entity of any such changes. Smart Ethernet Hub with 16 10BASE-T (RJ-45) ports, 1 10BASE2 (BNC) port, and 1 AUI port International Headquarters USA Headquarters No. 1 Creation Road III, P.O. Box 51420 Science-based Industrial Park Irvine, CA 92619-1420 Hsinchu 300, Taiwan, R.O.C. Phone Numbers - Phone: 886-3-5770-270 Sales: 888-398-2101 or 949-707-4800 FAX: 886-3-5770-267 Support: 888-398-4101 or 949-707-4847 BBS: 886-3-5770-654 RMA: 888-398-3101 or 949-707-4828 Internet: [email protected] FAX: 949-707-2460 Accton is a trademark of Accton Technology Corporation. Other trademarks or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. EH2041S E0898-R02 CheetaHub Classic-2041 Quick Installation Guide Contents Introduction The CheetaHub Classic-2041 includes 16 RJ-45 ports, 1 BNC port for connection to thin Ethernet (10BASE2), and 1 Introduction 1 AUI port for connection to a variety of media types including 10BASE5 or fiber (using a suitable transceiver). -
10Mb/S Ethernet 10BASE2/AUI Adapter
10Mb/s Ethernet 10BASE2/AUI Adapter 32-Bit PCI 28F512 10BASE2 64Kbyte BIOS memory PMC Front AMD 79C970A AUI to 10BASE2 Panel Ethernet +5V MAU Controller +5 to -9V DC-to-DC DSUB-15 (AUI) 10Mb/s "AUI" Rear Rear I/O E-Net Interface I/O PN4 AUI ISOLATION +12V The 10 Mb/s Ethernet Adapter is field-selectable for The AUI interface provides resettable fuse-protected either AUI (10BASE5) or Thinnet (10BASE2) opera- +12V on the DB-15 connector for powering an exter- tion. nal MAU. When operating in AUI mode, the +12V power to the AUI defeats the isolation barrier, and the An AMD 79C970A Ethernet controller provides a 10 PMC system Ground is tied to the external MAU Mb/s Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) for connection to Ground. Media Attachment Units (MAU) either out the rear of the PMC or out the PMC front panel. A 15-pin D- The board features a FLASH memory for storing an Subminiature female is used on the front PMC panel, on-board BIOS. A 28F512 chip is used, providing up complete with the standard MAU retaining slide latch. to 64Kbytes of BIOS storage. The 28F512 chip is installed in a PLCC socket on the PMC card. The AUI interface is available at the PMC “PN4” con- nector for rear connection to the “a” and “c” rows of a Four activity and status LEDs are visible from the PMC VMEbus P2 connector. If the VMEbus host processor front panel. Interrupts are posted on the PCI bus us- adheres to the proposed IEEE 1386 routing from PN4 ing Interrupt Request “A” (INTA). -
Ethernet Basics Ethernet Basics
2016-09-24 Ethernet Basics based on Chapter 4 of CompTIA Network+ Exam Guide, 4th ed., Mike Meyers Ethernet Basics • History • Ethernet Frames • CSMA/CD • Obsolete versions • 10Mbps versions • Segments • Spanning Tree Protocol 1 2016-09-24 Ethernet – Early History • 1970: ALOHAnet, first wireless packet-switched network - Norman Abramson, Univ. of Hawaii - Basis for Ethernet’s CSMA/CD protocol - 1972: first external network connected to ARPANET • 1973: Ethernet prototype developed at Xerox PARC - (Palo Alto Research Center) - 2.94 Mbps initially • 1976: "Ethernet: Distributed Packet Switching for Local Computer Networks" published in Communications of the ACM. - Bob Metcalfe and David Boggs - sometimes considered “the beginning of Ethernet” Ethernet goes Mainstream • 1979: DEC, Intel, Xerox collaborate on a commercial Ethernet specification - Ethernet II, a.k.a. “DIX” Ethernet - (Digital Equipment Corporation) • 1983: IEEE 802.3 specification formally approved - Differs from Ethernet II in the interpretation of the third header field • 1987: alternatives to coaxial cables - IEEE 802.3d: FOIRL, Fiber Optic Inter-Repeater Link - IEEE 802.3e: 1 Mbps over Twisted Pair wires (whoopee!) • 1990: Twisted-Pair wiring takes over - IEEE 802.3i: 10 Mbps over Twisted-Pair – 10Base-TX, 10Base-T4 2 2016-09-24 the Future is Now (next chapter) (and Now is so Yesteryear…) 1995 – Now: speed and cabling improvements • 1995: 100Mbps varieties • 1999: 1Gbps on twisted-pair • 2003-2006: 10Gbps on optical fiber and UTP • 2010: 40Gbps, 100Gbps (802.3ba) - optical fiber or twinaxial cable - point-to-point physical topology; for backbones • 2016, September: 2.5GBase-T, 5GBase-T ? - who knows? What Is Ethernet? • Protocols, standards for Local Area Networks » Ethernet II, IEEE 802.3 • Specifies Physical-layer components - Cabling, signaling properties, etc. -
Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
Computer Networking MAC Addresses, Ethernet & Wi-Fi Lecturers: Antonio Carzaniga Silvia Santini Assistants: Ali Fattaholmanan Theodore Jepsen USI Lugano, December 7, 2018 Changelog ▪ V1: December 7, 2018 ▪ V2: March 1, 2017 ▪ Changes to the «tentative schedule» of the lecture 2 Last time, on December 5, 2018… 3 What about today? ▪Link-layer addresses ▪Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) ▪Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) 4 Link-layer addresses 5 Image source: https://divansm.co/letter-to-santa-north-pole-address/letter-to-santa-north-pole-address-fresh-day-18-santa-s-letters/ Network adapters (aka: Network interfaces) ▪A network adapter is a piece of hardware that connects a computer to a network ▪Hosts often have multiple network adapters ▪ Type ipconfig /all on a command window to see your computer’s adapters 6 Image source: [Kurose 2013 Network adapters: Examples “A 1990s Ethernet network interface controller that connects to the motherboard via the now-obsolete ISA bus. This combination card features both a BNC connector (left) for use in (now obsolete) 10BASE2 networks and an 8P8C connector (right) for use in 10BASE-T networks.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_interface_controller TL-WN851ND - WLAN PCI card 802.11n/g/b 300Mbps - TP-Link https://tinyurl.com/yamo62z9 7 Network adapters: Addresses ▪Each adapter has an own link-layer address ▪ Usually burned into ROM ▪Hosts with multiple adapters have thus multiple link- layer addresses ▪A link-layer address is often referred to also as physical address, LAN address or, more commonly, MAC address 8 Format of a MAC address ▪There exist different MAC address formats, the one we consider here is the EUI-48, used in Ethernet and Wi-Fi ▪6 bytes, thus 248 possible addresses ▪ i.e., 281’474’976’710’656 ▪ i.e., 281* 1012 (trillions) Image source: By Inductiveload, modified/corrected by Kju - SVG drawing based on PNG uploaded by User:Vtraveller. -
Ethernet Theory of Operation
AN1120 Ethernet Theory of Operation Author: M. Simmons However, with ubiquitous deployment, internet Microchip Technology Inc. connectivity, high data rates and limitless range expansibility, Ethernet can accommodate nearly all wired communications requirements. Potential INTRODUCTION applications include: This document specifies the theory and operation of • Remote sensing and monitoring the Ethernet technology found in PIC® MCUs with • Remote command, control and firmware updating integrated Ethernet and in stand-alone Ethernet • Bulk data transfer controllers. • Live streaming audio, video and media • Public data acquisition (date/time, stock quotes, Ethernet technology contains acronyms and terms news releases, etc.) defined in Table 1. THEORY OF OPERATION APPLICATIONS Ethernet is a data link and physical layer protocol Ethernet is an asynchronous Carrier Sense Multiple defined by the IEEE 802.3™ specification. It comes in Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) many flavors, defined by maximum bit rate, mode of protocol/interface, with a payload size of 46-1500 octets. transmission and physical transmission medium. With data rates of tens to hundreds of megabits/second, it is generally not well suited for low-power applications. • Maximum Bit Rate (Mbits/s): 10, 100, 1000, etc. • Mode of Transmission: Broadband, Baseband • Physical Transmission Medium: Coax, Fiber, UTP, etc. TABLE 1: ETHERNET GLOSSARY Term Definition CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check: Type of checksum algorithm used when computing the FCS for all Ethernet frames and the hash table key for hash table filtering of receive packets. DA Destination Address: The 6-octet destination address field of an Ethernet frame. ESD End-of-Stream Delimiter: In 100 Mb/s operation, the ESD is transmitted after the FCS (during the inter-frame gap) to denote the end of the frame. -
1 Week 4 – Transmission Media Types Ethernet in Depth
Week 4 – Transmission Media Types Ethernet in Depth 1 Figure 7.1 Transmission medium and physical layer 2 Figure 7.2 Classes of transmission media 3 7-17-1 GUIDEDGUIDED MEDIAMEDIA GuidedGuided media,media, whichwhich areare thosethose thatthat provideprovide aa conduitconduit fromfrom oneone devicedevice toto another,another, includeinclude twisted-pairtwisted-pair cable,cable, coaxialcoaxial cable,cable, andand fiber-opticfiber-optic cable.cable. TopicsTopics discusseddiscussed inin thisthis section:section: Twisted-Pair Cable Coaxial Cable Fiber-Optic Cable 4 Figure 7.3 Twisted-pair cable 5 Figure 7.4 UTP and STP cables 6 Table 7.1 Categories of unshielded twisted-pair cables 7 Figure 7.5 UTP connector 8 Figure 7.6 UTP performance 9 Figure 7.7 Coaxial cable 10 Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables 11 Figure 7.8 BNC connectors 12 Figure 7.9 Coaxial cable performance 13 Figure 7.10 Fiber optics: Bending of light ray 14 Figure 7.11 Optical fiber 15 Figure 7.12 Propagation modes 16 Figure 7.13 Modes 17 Table 7.3 Fiber types 18 Figure 7.14 Fiber construction 19 Figure 7.15 Fiber-optic cable connectors 20 Figure 7.16 Optical fiber performance 21 7-27-2 UNGUIDEDUNGUIDED MEDIA:MEDIA: WIRELESSWIRELESS UnguidedUnguided mediamedia transporttransport electromagneticelectromagnetic waveswaves withoutwithout usingusing aa physicalphysical conductor.conductor. ThisThis typetype ofof communicationcommunication isis oftenoften referredreferred toto asas wirelesswireless communication.communication. TopicsTopics discusseddiscussed inin thisthis section:section: Radio Waves Microwaves Infrared 22 Figure 7.17 Electromagnetic spectrum for wireless communication 23 Figure 7.18 Propagation methods 24 Table 7.4 Bands 25 Figure 7.19 Wireless transmission waves 26 Note Radio waves are used for multicast communications, such as radio and television, and paging systems. -
Magnum 200X Two-Port Repeaters Installation and User Guide (04/99)
Magnum 200X Two-Port Repeaters Corporate Headquarters GarrettCom, Inc. 47823 WestingHouse Drive Fremont, CA 94539 Phone (510) 438-9071 FAX (510) 438-9072 WWW: http://www.garrettcom.com email: [email protected] Magnum 200X eu i PWR RX COL JAB GARRETT - + PWR [12VDC, 1A] Magnum 20X FWD Two-Port Repeater FWD LINK I X GARRETT Installation and User Guide GARRETT GARRETT Magnum 200X Two-Port Repeaters Installation and User Guide (04/99) Magnumä 200X Two-Port Repeaters Installation and User Guide Part #: 84-00022 (R04/99) Trademarks Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation Velcro is a trademark of Velcro U.S.A. UL is a registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories Magnum is a trademark and Personal Hub is a registered trademark of Garrett Communications, Inc. Important: Magnum 200X Two-Port Repeaters contain no user serviceable parts. Attempted service by unauthorized personnel shall render any and all warranties null and void. If problems are experienced with a Magnum 200X, consult Section 5, Troubleshooting, of this User Guide. Ó1999 Garrett Communications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Garrett Communications, Inc. Printed in the United States of America. GARRETT Magnum 200X Two-Port Repeaters Installation and User Guide (04/99) Contacting Garrett Communications Please use the mailing address, phone and fax numbers, and Internet address listed below. GarrettCom, Inc. 47823 Westinghouse Drive Fremont, CA 94539 Phone (510) 438-9071 Fax (510) 438-9072 WWW: http://www.garrettcom.com email: [email protected] Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference Statement This equipment generates, uses and can radiate frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, may cause interference to radio communication.