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Writing Beyond the End Times? the Literatures of Canada and Quebec canadiana oenipontana 14 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Marie Carrière (eds.) Écrire au-delà de la fin des temps ? Les littératures au Canada et au Québec Writing Beyond the End Times? The Literatures of Canada and Quebec innsbruck university press SERIES canadiana oenipontana 14 Series Editor: Ursula Mathis-Moser innsbruck university press Ursula Mathis-Moser Institut für Romanistik, Zentrum für Kanadastudien, Universität Innsbruck Marie Carrière Canadian Literature Centre / Centre de littérature canadienne, University of Alberta Andrea Krotthammer Universität Innsbruck, redaktionelle Mitarbeit Supported by Gesellschaft für Kanada-Studien in den deutschsprachigen Ländern, Stadt Innsbruck, Zentrum für Kanadastudien der Universität Innsbruck, Vizerektorat für Forschung der Universität Innsbruck © innsbruck university press, 2017 Universität Innsbruck 1st edition. All rights reserved. www.uibk.ac.at/iup ISBN 978-3-903122-97-0 Ursula Mathis-Moser, Marie Carrière (eds.) Écrire au-delà de la fin des temps ? Les littératures au Canada et au Québec Writing Beyond the End Times? The Literatures of Canada and Quebec Table des matières – Contents Introduction – Introduction Ursula MATHIS-MOSER – Marie CARRIÈRE Écrire au-delà de la fin des temps ? Writing Beyond the End Times? ................................. 9 Apocalypse et dystopie – Apocalypse and Dystopia Dunja M. MOHR Anthropocene Fiction: Narrating the ‘Zero Hour’ in Margaret Atwood’s MaddAddam Trilogy ............................................................................. 25 Nicole CÔTÉ Nouvelles représentations de la crise dans les littératures québécoise et canadienne ..................................................................................... 47 David BOUCHER L’apocalypse selon Nelly Arcan ..................................................................................................... 61 Nicoletta DOLCE La poésie de Mario Brassard : au-delà de l’heure violacée des exécutions ........................ 75 Nouveaux cadres éthiques – New Ethical Frameworks Ana María FRAILE-MARCOS The Crisis of Love in Dionne Brand’s Love Enough ............................................................... 87 Carmen MATA BARREIRO Crises, politique et littérature au Québec : du silence à l’engagement (Wajdi Mouawad, Nicole Brossard, Louise Dupré) ................................... 103 5 Table des matières – Contents Émilie NOTARD L’(in)quiétude du sens dans Piano blanc de Nicole Brossard ........................................... 121 Affronter/surmonter la crise – Facing/Overcoming Crisis Piet DEFRAEYE Crisis in Michel Marc Bouchard: Re-Writing Melodrama ................................................ 137 Véronique PORRA Corps hors cadre dans le ‹ jeune › cinéma québécois ............................................................ 155 Mémoire, vérité et histoire – Memory, Truth, and History Marion KÜHN Passé envahisseur, oubli ravageur. Figures problématiques de la mémoire et de l’oubli dans le roman québécois contemporain (Saucier, Caron, Leblanc) ................................. 175 Danielle DUMONTET Postmémoires traumatiques dans Forêts de Wajdi Mouawad et Le ciel de Bay City de Catherine Mavrikakis ....................................................................... 189 Daniel POITRAS Crise du présentisme et voyage dans le temps à bord du Volkswagen Blues de Jacques Poulin ..................................................................................... 205 Conflits culturels – Cultural Conflicts Hans-Jürgen LÜSEBRINK Écrire la crise du multiculturalisme – fictions et positionnements dans la littérature québécoise contemporaine (Monique LaRue, Abla Farhoud, Larry Tremblay) .................................................................................................. 221 6 Table des matières – Contents Srilata RAVI Ethnographic Practices, Good Intentions, and Writing the Indigenous Other in Gérard Bouchard’s Uashat .......................................................................................... 237 Marion Christina ROHRLEITNER El Otro Norte: The Rise of Latinocanadá. Latina/o Canadian Literature in the Wake of Anti-Immigrant Crises in the United States ............................................. 251 Les auteur(e)s – The Authors .................................................................................... 271 7 Écrire au-delà de la fin des temps ? Writing Beyond the End Times? Dans Vivre la fin des temps, Slavoj Žižek soutient que « le système capitaliste global approche un point zéro apocalyptique » sous l’effet combiné de plusieurs tendances comme « la crise écologique, les conséquences de la révolution biogénétique, les déséquilibres à l’intérieur du système lui-même (problèmes posés par la propriété intellectuelle, les conflits à venir concernant les matières premières, la nourriture et l’eau), et la croissance explosive des divisions et explosions sociales » (2011, 11). Dans Murs, Wendy Brown prétend que nous vivons actuellement « à une époque où les capacités de destruction sont sans équivalent dans l’histoire, de par leur puissance combinée, leur degré de miniaturisation et leur mobilité – de ces corps bourrés d’explosifs aux toxines biochimiques quasiment invisibles » (2009, 15). Bruno Latour, de son côté, avance la notion de modernité en rapport à l’époque géologique de l’anthropocène, d’où l’action humaine exerce une réelle force géologique sur la planète, réalignant ainsi et radicalement les relations sujet-objet, ou encore « ce que signifie être dans un espace […][,] ce que signifie s’entremêler avec des agentivités animées » (2014, 16 ; trad. M. Carrière). Enfin, si les attaques du 11 septembre 2001, selon Ann Kaplan, ont signalé « un moment cristallisant » pour les États- Unis, le Canada et le monde occidental (2003, 52, 55 ; trad. M. Carrière), elles ont entraîné, suggère Brian Massumi, un « tournant auquel l’environnement-menace a assumé une épaisseur ambiante » (2010, 62 ; trad. M. Carrière). Dans la tourmente d’une telle anxiété sociale, violence mondiale, agitation culturelle et dégradation environnementale, un sentiment de crise viendrait nous submerger. Cependant, récentes théorisations dans le domaine des études féministes et des affects, comme Cruel Optimism de Lauren Berlant (2011), Le posthumain de Rosi Braidotti (2016) ou Matters of Care (2017) de María Puig de la Bellacasa nous invitent non seulement à repenser nos attachements à des conceptions antérieures de ‹ la bonne vie › – des attachements qui ont en fait mené à nos crises contemporaines –, mais aussi à formuler de nouveaux modes humains et non humains d’être et de relation. Dans ce volume, nous soutenons que les auteur-e-s canadien-ne-s et québécois-e-s interviennent de manière des plus profondes et importantes en ces temps de crise, c’est-à-dire, notre temps de ce 9 Ursula MATHIS-MOSER – Marie CARRIÈRE millénaire plus ou moins nouveau. Sur la toile de fond de l’Après-11 septembre des essais de L’horizon du fragment (2004), Nicole Brossard exprime « le goût de recommencer la quête insensée de sens et de beauté » (90), alors que d’autres écrivains font appel à la dérision, l’humour et l’ironie pour illustrer des moyens de « réussir son hypermodernité et sauver le reste de sa vie » (titre de Langelier 2010). Sur un plan plus général, l’avertissement de Brossard de poursuivre la quête apparemment « insensée de sens » (2004, 90) soulève une question qui, de manière explicite et implicite, détermine la majorité des articles inclus dans ce volume (entre autres : Côté, Defraeye, Fraile-Marcos, Lüsebrink, Mohr, Ravi) : celle, cruciale, de la fonction et de la raison d’être de la littérature à la ‹ fin des temps › que nous vivons actuellement. Dans son texte manifeste « Literaturwissenschaft als Lebenswissenschaft », reconnu sur le plan international et publié en traduction anglaise en 2010, le comparatiste allemand Ottmar Ette définit un cadre de réflexion stimulant qui invite à poursuivre le débat : selon Ette, la littérature doit être perçue comme un ‹ savoir sur la vie ›, un ‹ savoir-vivre › ou « knowledge of life », et les études littéraires comme faisant partie d’un nouveau type de ‹ science de la vie ›, c.-à-d. comme « science for living » (2010, titre). Ette soutient que la littérature représente un medium de stockage de ‹ savoir sur la vie › interactif en constante évolution, qui inclut les expériences existentielles de base telles la naissance, la maladie, l’agonie et la mort, auxquelles nous ajouterons l’expérience de la migration et celle du « ‹ délaissement transcendental › (Lukács) », de l’existence « ‹ sans demeure › (Heidegger) » et « ‹ en transit › » (Meurer/Oikonomou 2009, 12 ; trad. U. Mathis-Moser) du sujet de tous les ‹ post- ›. Toutes ces expériences représentent « des espaces de condensation sémantique » (Ette 2007, 26 ; trad. U. Mathis-Moser), des concentrés polyvalents d’un ‹ savoir sur la vie › – concentrés qui servent à la fois de surface de projection, de laboratoire et d’espace expérimental pour l’écrivain qui est invité à créer de nouveaux mondes et contre-mondes imaginaires, des visions alternatives de l’humain et de la nature, de systèmes de valeur et de leur interaction. Conçue comme auto-réflexion psychosociale et sociopolitique, la littérature – grâce à la langue et à ses procédés esthétiques – peut déranger lorsqu’elle confronte le lecteur et la lectrice à des ‹ logiques nouvelles › inédites ou lorsqu’elle découvre des traces de ce qui a été ‹ enseveli › dans l’oubli. Mais en même temps, elle encourage à aller de l’avant, à transgresser
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