DOCSLIB.ORG

Coral Reef Monitoring Protocol

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Coral Reef Monitoring Protocol Natural Resource Report NPS/SER/SFCN/NRR—2007/XXX ON THE COVER Mennebeck Reef (2002) in Virgin Islands National Park Coral Reef Monitoring Protocol Natural Resource Report NPS/SER/SFCN/NTR—2007/XXX By Jeff Miller1, Caroline Rogers2, Andrea Atkinson3, Erinn Muller4, Andy Davis1, Christy Loomis5, Matt Patterson3, Rob Waara3, Brian Witcher3, Alexandra Wright6, Jim Petterson7 Collaborative project of National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program, South Florida / Caribbean Network Virgin Islands National Park, National Park Service U.S. Geological Survey - Florida Integrated Science Center 1National Park Service, South Florida/Caribbean Network 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St. John, VI 00830 2U.S. Geological Survey – Florida Integrated Science Center Virgin Islands National Park 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St. John, VI 00830 3National Park Service, South Florida/Caribbean Network 18001 Old Cutler Rd. Suite 419, Village of Palmetto Bay, FL 33157 4Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Biological Science 150 W. University Blvd, Melbourne FL, 32901 5 National Park Service, Virgin Islands National Park 1300 Cruz Bay Creek, St. John, VI 00830 6University of Wisconsin- Milwaukee 3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee WI 53211 7 National Park Service, Pinnacles National Monument 5000 Highway 146, Paicines, CA 95043 Draft – December 15, 2007 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado ii The Natural Resource Publication series addresses natural resource topics that are of interest and applicability to a broad readership in the National Park Service and to others in the management of natural resources, including the scientific community, the public, and the NPS conservation and environmental constituencies. Manuscripts are peer-reviewed to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and is designed and published in a professional manner. Natural Resource Reports are the designated medium for disseminating high priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. Examples of the diverse array of reports published in this series include vital signs monitoring plans; monitoring protocols; "how to" resource management papers; proceedings of resource management workshops or conferences; annual reports of resource programs or divisions of the Natural Resource Program Center; resource action plans; fact sheets; and regularly-published newsletters. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations and data in this report are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior, NPS. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the National Park Service. Printed copies of reports in these series may be produced in a limited quantity and they are only available as long as the supply lasts. This report is also available from the South Florida / Caribbean Network website (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/sfcn/) on the Internet or by sending a request to the address on the back cover. Please cite this publication as: Miller, W.J., C. Rogers, A. Atkinson, E. Muller, A. Davis, C. Loomis, M. Patterson, R. Waara, B. Witcher, A. Wright, J. Petterson. 2007. Coral Reef Monitoring Protocol. Natural Resource Report NPS/SER/SFCN/NRTR—2007/003. National Park Service, Miami, Florida. NPS D-XXX, December 2007 iii Acknowledgments The creation of this protocol and attached SOPs could not have been done without the support of innumerable persons including colleagues, co-workers, friends, and spouses. Beginning with the I&M prototype protocols, listed herein as SOP 1 and SOP 2, each contain a list of people who made contributions to those protocols, thereby creating a foundation for this document. The authors wish to thank those that took part in the vital signs workshops, and took the time to participate in ranking the vital signs. Your input has provided guidance. We’d like to acknowledge the SFCN Board of Directors, and the Science and Technical committee. Your review and comments of the Monitoring Plan Phase reports are much appreciated. 2007 has seen the retirement of two NPS leaders and strong advocates of the I&M program: Mike Soukup and Gary Davis. Contributions and support by these friends and colleagues to the I&M program as well as the SFCN are sincerely appreciated. Additionally we’d like to acknowledge Amanda Bourque, Dan Clark, Blue and Jeanie Douglas, Mike Echevarria, Ian Lundgren, Shelby Moneysmith, Judd Patterson, Tony Pernas, Dave Sapio, Carrie Stengel, Eric Sudalter, Iris Wilson. iv Contents Figures …………………………………………………………………………………………...vii Tables …………………………………………………………………………………………...viii Executive summary ………………………………………………………………………………ix Background and Objectives …………………………………………………………………….…1 Background and History-from prototype to operational program …………………..…….1 Ecological context of USVI and Florida parks ……….…………………………….……..2 Rationale for monitoring coral reefs ……………………………………………………...3 History of monitoring coral cover within SFCN parks …………………………….……..6 Measurable Objectives ……………………………………………………………………9 Sample Design …………………………………………………………………………..………10 Rationale for selecting this sampling design …….…….………………………..………10 Site Selection …………………………………………………………………..………..10 Procedures for selecting and establishing transects within a site .…………….………...11 Rationale for using permanent transects …..………………………………….…………11 Rationale for selecting “coral cover” as primary parameter to be monitored …………..11 Sample frequency and timing …………………….……………………………………..12 Recommended number and location of sample sites …………….……………………...12 Level of change that can be detected …………………………………………………….13 Current monitoring sites within SFCN parks…………………………………………….16 Field Methods …………………………………………………………………………………...25 Using Videography to Monitor Coral Reefs – Overview ………………………………..25 Using the AquaMap™ at a Study site – Overview ………….………………………….26 Using a GPS and ArcView™ at a Study Site – Overview ……………………………...27 Counting Diadema on coral reefs ………………………………………………………..28 Measuring coral disease …………………………………………………………………28 Measuring rugosity on coral reefs ………………………………………………………29 Data Handling, Analysis and Reporting …………………………………………………………30 Overview of database design ……………………………………………………………30 Data entry, verification and editing ……………………………………………………..30 Recommendations for routine data ………………………………………………………31 Reporting ………………………..………………………………………………………32 Recommended methods for statistical analysis ……………………………..…………..36 Metadata procedures …...……………………………………………………………….37 Data archival procedures ……………………………………………………………….37 Personnel Requirements and Training …………………………………………………………..38 Roles and responsibilities ……………………………………………………………….38 Qualifications ……………………………………………………………………………38 Training procedures ……………………………………………………………………..38 Operational Requirements ………………………………………………………………………40 Annual workload and field schedule …………………………………………………….40 Facility and equipment needs ……………………………………………………………40 Startup costs and budget considerations …………………………………………………41 References ……………………………………………………………………………………….42 Appendix 1 –Products associated with this protocol and SOPs …………..…………………….47 v Standard Operating Procedures SOP 1– Using videography to monitor coral reefs ……………………………....SOP 1-1 SOP 2– Using the Aquamap™ system at a study site ……………………………SOP 2-1 SOP 3– Selecting random sampling points using GPS …….……………………..SOP 3-1 SOP 4– Counting Diadema on coral reefs ……………………………………..SOP 4-1 SOP 5– Measuring rugosity on coral reefs ……………………………………….SOP 5-1 SOP 6– Measuring coral disease ………………………………………………...SOP 6-1 SOP 7– Coral reef monitoring database user’s guide …………………………….SOP 7-1 SOP 8– Operation and maintenance of NPS vessel, Acropora …………………..SOP 8-1 SOP 9– Revising the protocol …………………………………………………….SOP 9-1 vi Figures Figure 1: Results of sample size calculations for SFCN park index sites with more than 20% mean coral cover as of annual 2005 sampling. Figure 2: Results of sample size calculations for SFCN park index sites with between 10% and 20% mean coral cover as of annual 2005 sampling. Figure 3: Results of sample size calculations for SFCN park index sites with less than 10% mean coral cover as of annual 2005 sampling. Figure 4: Outline of Biscayne National Park boundary showing the locations of SFCN index sites, Amanda’s and Ball Buoy Reefs. Figure 5: Ball Buoy Reef perimeter showing sample transects locations. Figure 6: Amanda’s Reef perimeter showing sample transects locations. Figure 7: Digital rendering of Buck Island showing location of SFCN index sites and portion of park boundary (green line). The east end of St. Croix, USVI is in the background. Figure 8: Dry Tortugas National Park, the location of the SFCN index sites, and the boundaries of the Research Natural and Traditional Use areas. Figure 9. Orientation of SFCN index sites in DRTO in relation to the RNA and traditional use area. Figure 10. Map of St. John, boundary of VIIS and the location of SFCN index sites. Figure 11. Location of SFCN index sites on south side of St. John, locations relative to managed areas. Figure 12:
Recommended publications
  • Coral Reef Protection in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Intercoast #34 ______

    Coral Reef Protection in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Intercoast #34 ______

    _____________________________________________________________________________ Coral Reef Protection in Quintana Roo, Mexico. Intercoast #34 _____________________________________________________________________________ Bezaury, Juan and Jennifer McCann 1999 Citation: Narragansett, Rhode Island USA: Coastal Resources Center.InterCoast Network Newsletter, Spring 1999 For more information contact: Pamela Rubinoff, Coastal Resources Center, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island. 220 South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882 Telephone: 401.874.6224 Fax: 401.789.4670 Email: [email protected] This five year project aims to conserve critical coastal resources in Mexico by building capacity of NGOs, Universities, communities and other key public and private stakeholders to promote an integrated approach to participatory coastal management and enhanced decision-making. This publication was made possible through support provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Office of Environment and Natural Resources Bureau for Economic Growth, Agriculture and Trade under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. PCE-A-00-95-0030-05. INTERNATIONAL NEWSLETTER OF COASTAL MANAGEMENT Narragansett, Rhode Island, U.S.A. • #31 • Spring, 1998 Protecting the Maya Reef Intercoast Through Multi-National Survey Results Cooperation Show Diverse manage their coastal resources region- Readership By Juan Bezaury and ally. The overall goal is to take advan- Jennifer McCann tage of growing opportunities for sus- ore than 200 people tainable development,
  • Marine Protected Areas (Mpas) in Management 1 of Coral Reefs

    Marine Protected Areas (Mpas) in Management 1 of Coral Reefs

    ISRS BRIEFING PAPER 1 MARINE PROTECTED AREAS (MPAS) IN MANAGEMENT 1 OF CORAL REEFS SYNOPSIS Marine protected areas (MPAs) may stop all extractive uses, protect particular species or locally prohibit specific kinds of fishing. These areas may be established for reasons of conservation, tourism or fisheries management. This briefing paper discusses the potential uses of MPAs, factors that have affected their success and the conditions under which they are likely to be effective. ¾ MPAs are often established as a conservation tool, allowing protection of species sensitive to fishing and thus preserving intact ecosystems, their processes and biodiversity and ultimately their resilience to perturbations. ¾ Increases in charismatic species such as large groupers in MPAs combined with the perception that the reefs there are relatively pristine mean that MPAs can play a significant role in tourism. ¾ By reducing fishing mortality, effective MPAs have positive effects locally on abundances, biomass, sizes and reproductive outputs of many exploitable site- attached reef species. ¾ Because high biomass of focal species is sought but this is quickly depleted and is slow to recover, poaching is a problem in most reef MPAs. ¾ Target-species ‘spillover’ into fishing areas is likely occurring close to the MPA boundaries and benefits will often be related to MPA size. Evidence for MPAs acting as a source of larval export remains weak. ¾ The science of MPAs is at an early stage of its development and MPAs will rarely suffice alone to address the main objectives of fisheries management; concomitant control of effort and other measures are needed to reduce fishery impacts, sustain yields or help stocks to recover.
  • Coral Reef Biological Criteria: Using the Clean Water Act to Protect a National Treasure

    Coral Reef Biological Criteria: Using the Clean Water Act to Protect a National Treasure

    EPA/600/R-10/054 | July 2010 | www.epa.gov/ord Coral Reef Biological Criteria: Using the Clean Water Act to Protect a National Treasure Offi ce of Research and Development | National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory EPA/600/R-10/054 July 2010 www.epa.gov/ord Coral Reef Biological Criteria Using the Clean Water Act to Protect a National Treasure by Patricia Bradley Leska S. Fore Atlantic Ecology Division Statistical Design NHEERL, ORD 136 NW 40th St. 33 East Quay Road Seattle, WA 98107 Key West, FL 33040 William Fisher Wayne Davis Gulf Ecology Division Environmental Analysis Division NHEERL, ORD Offi ce of Environmental Information 1 Sabine Island Drive 701 Mapes Road Gulf Breeze, FL 32561 Fort Meade, MD 20755 Contract No. EP-C-06-033 Work Assignment 3-11 Great Lakes Environmental Center, Inc Project Officer: Work Assignment Manager: Susan K. Jackson Wayne Davis Offi ce of Water Offi ce of Environmental Information Washington, DC 20460 Fort Meade, MD 20755 National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Offi ce of Research and Development Washington, DC 20460 Printed on chlorine free 100% recycled paper with 100% post-consumer fiber using vegetable-based ink. Notice and Disclaimer The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through its Offi ce of Research and Development, Offi ce of Environmental Information, and Offi ce of Water funded and collaborated in the research described here under Contract EP-C-06-033, Work Assignment 3-11, to Great Lakes Environmental Center, Inc. It has been subject to the Agency’s peer and administrative review and has been approved for publication as an EPA document.
  • Coral Reefs Are Deteriorating Worldwide at Alarming Rates

    Coral Reefs Are Deteriorating Worldwide at Alarming Rates

    U.S. CORAL REEF TASK FORC FY2000 ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND FUTURE ACTIVITIES oral reefs are among the most diverse and biologically complex ecosystems on earth. C These rainforests of the sea provide economic and environmental services to millions of people as areas of natural beauty and recreation, sources of food, jobs, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and shoreline protection. Now under threat from multiple stresses that are overwhelming their natural resilience, coral reefs are deteriorating worldwide at alarming rates. An estimated 25% of the world’s reefs have already been lost and 60% are threatened by bleaching, disease, and a variety of human activities including shoreline development, polluted runoff from agricultural and land-use practices, ship groundings, over-harvesting, destructive fishing, and global climate change, http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/status_2000.pdf. The trend in coral reef health is downward, and these ancient ecosystems are in peril. In response to this growing global environmental crisis, the Coral Reef Protection Executive Order 13089 was issued on June 11, 1998. The Executive Order established the United States Coral Reef Task Force (CRTF), which includes the major federal agencies responsible for aspects of coral reef conservation, plus our state and territorial partners. Through the policies set forth in the Executive Order, the federal government was directed to strengthen its steward- ship of the nation’s reef eco- systems and coral reefs around the world. 2 The Coral Reef Task Force identified two fundamental themes Working with government and non-government partners, for immediate and sustained national action: the CRTF has made a number of significant advances to implement the National Action Plan and conserve coral reef ecosystems in — Understand coral reef ecosystems and the natural and anthro- pogenic processes that determine their health and viability; the United States and globally.
  • A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs (2019)

    A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs (2019)

    THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS This PDF is available at http://nap.edu/25424 SHARE A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs (2019) DETAILS 200 pages | 6 x 9 | PAPERBACK ISBN 978-0-309-49184-6 | DOI 10.17226/25424 CONTRIBUTORS GET THIS BOOK Committee on Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs; Ocean Studies Board; Board on Life Sciences; Division on Earth and Life Studies; National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine FIND RELATED TITLES SUGGESTED CITATION National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2019. A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25424. Visit the National Academies Press at NAP.edu and login or register to get: – Access to free PDF downloads of thousands of scientific reports – 10% off the price of print titles – Email or social media notifications of new titles related to your interests – Special offers and discounts Distribution, posting, or copying of this PDF is strictly prohibited without written permission of the National Academies Press. (Request Permission) Unless otherwise indicated, all materials in this PDF are copyrighted by the National Academy of Sciences. Copyright © National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs PREPUBLICATION COPY A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs Committee on Interventions to Increase the Resilience of Coral Reefs Ocean Studies Board Board on Life Sciences Division on Earth and Life Studies This prepublication version of A Decision Framework for Interventions to Increase the Persistence and Resilience of Coral Reefs has been provided to the public to facilitate timely access to the report.
  • Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan Noaa for Fiscal Years 2007 to 2011

    Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan Noaa for Fiscal Years 2007 to 2011

    CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM RESEARCH PLAN NOAA FOR FISCAL YEARS 2007 TO 2011 NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 1 CITATION: Puglise, K.A. and R. Kelty (eds.). 2007. NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan for Fiscal Years 2007 to 2011. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 1. 128 pp. PLAN STEERING COMMITTEE: Gary Matlock and Barbara Moore (co-chairs) Eric Bayler, Andy Bruckner, Mark Eakin, Roger Griffis, Tom Hourigan, and David Kennedy FOR MORE INFORMATION: For more information about this report or to request a copy, please contact NOAA’s Coral Reef Conservation Program at 301-713-3155 or write to: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program; NOAA/NOS/OCRM; 1305 East West Highway; Silver Spring, MD 20910 or visit www.coralreef.noaa.gov. DISCLAIMER: Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for their use by the United States government. NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Research Plan for Fiscal Years 2007 to 2011 K.A. Puglise and R. Kelty (eds.) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration January 2007 NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 1 United States Department of National Oceanic and National Ocean Service Commerce Atmospheric Administration Carlos M. Gutierrez Conrad C. Lautenbacher, Jr. John H. Dunnigan Secretary Administrator Assistant Administrator ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express gratitude to all of the people, named and unnamed, who contributed to this Research Plan. This document truly represents the collective work of several individuals. In particular,
  • Submerged Conscience: the Impact of Climate Change

    Submerged Conscience: the Impact of Climate Change

    an online magazine Witness Submerged Conscience The Impact of Climate Change on the Great Barrier Reef Photographs by Giacomo D’Orlando Text by Dr. Gina D’Angelo, Ph.D. & Giacomo D’Orlando Coral reefs are rapidly degrading due to multiple pressures such as climate change, overfishing, and pollution. The Australian government has repeatedly identified climate change as the greatest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. According to the Commonwealth’s Great Barrier Reef Climate Change Action Plan 2007-2012, “The fate of coral reefs will ultimately Submerged Conscience depend on the rate and extent of climate change. As climate change is driven The Impact of Climate Change on the Great Barrier Reef by global greenhouse gas emission, this issue must be addressed.” United States government scientists launched the alarm in 2017 in their assessment on climate change, which explained that the average global temperature Photographs by Giacomo D’Orlando has increased by 1°C since the pre-industrial era, and that the past 115 years include the warmest period “in the history of modern civilization.” The Text by Dr. Gina D’Angelo, Ph.D. analysis warns that temperatures could increase by another 4°C by the end & of the century, with dramatic consequences for people and ecosystems. Giacomo D’Orlando In an era of rapid environmental shifts, social changes and unprecedented economic development, worldwide demand and the need for relevant research about the effect of climate change on the environment has never been more urgent. Globally, more than 300 million people depend on the ecosystem services that coral reefs provide for their livelihoods and food security.
  • Agerkariainformazio

    Agerkariainformazio

    246273 octubre 2 018 Informativo Informazio Agerkaria Bizkaia Jaurerriko Abokatuen Bazkun Ohore tsua Ilustre Colegio de Abogados del Señorio de Vizcaya ANTEPROYECTO LEY DE MARCAS PLUS SALUD Contigo al fin del mundo Asistencia en el extranjero incluida meses gratis1 para nuevas 3 pólizas Cuadro médico 37 €/mes Adeslas 2 nuevos mutualistas Cuenta con Plus Salud www.mutualidadabogacia.com [email protected] | T. 914 35 24 86 1. Para contrataciones de nuevas pólizas desde el 01/09/2018 hasta 31/12/2018, con fecha de efecto hasta el 01/02/2019. No aplicable para la opción Premium-Dental-Reembolso. Compatible con otras promociones de Plus Salud. Quedan excluidas las pólizas procedentes de la compañía Adeslas. 2. Durante los tres primeros años para menores de 50 años y para la opción Premium Dental. 019ko urtarrilaren 14an, gaur egun indarrean dagoen Markei l 14 de enero de 2019 entrará en vigor la nueva ley que modifi cará buruzko abenduaren 7ko 17/2001 Legea modu partzialean parcialmente a la actual Ley 17/2001, de 7 de diciembre, de 2 aldatuko duen legea jarriko da indarrean. EMarcas. Zioen azalpenean jasotzen den moduan, Markei buruzko legearen eraldatzea Tal como se recoge en la Exposición de Motivos las razones que justifi can la eta lege berri bat ateratzea eragin duten arrazoiak 3 motatakoak dira: reforma de la Ley de Marcas, dando lugar a una nueva Ley, son de 3 tipos: por batetik, Konstituzio Auzitegiaren ekainaren 3ko 103/1999 epaia bete nahi un lado se pretende dar cumplimiento a la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucio- da. Hain zuzen ere, epai horrek mugatu egiten ditu autonomia-erkidegoei nal 103/1999, de 3 de junio, que delimita las competencias que en materia de eta Estatuari industria-jabetzaren arloan dagozkien eskumenak.
  • Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission

    Bulletin of the United States Fish Commission

    THE STONY CORALS OE THE PORTO RICAN WATERS. BY T: WAYLAND VAUGHAN. CONTENTS. Page. Page. Introduction 291 Discussion of Species—Continued. Table of Species 291 Class Anthozoa—Continued. Discussion of Species 292-318 Order Actiniae—Continued. Class Anthozoa 292 Family Favidae—Continued. Order Actiniae 292 Genus Manicina 305 Family Caryophyllidae 292 Manieina areolata 305 Genus Caryophyllia 292 Genus Platygyra 305,306 Caryophyllia berteriana? 292 Platygyra viridis 306-308 Genus Paracyathus 292 Family Agaricidse 309 Paracyathus de filippii 292 Genus Siderastrea 309 Genus Oyathoceras 293 Siderastrea radians 309 Cyathoceras portoricensis 293 Siderastrea siderea 309, 310 Genus Deltocyathus 293 Genus Agaricia 310 Deltocyathus italicus 293 Agaricia elephantotus 310 Agaricia sp 310, 311 Family Oculinidae 294 Agaricia cailleti 311 Genus Oculina 294 Genus Diaseris 311 Oculina diffusa? var 294 “ Diaseris ” crispa 311 Family Stylophoridse 294 Family Isoporidae 312 Genus Axhelia 294 Genus Isopora 312 Axhelia asperula 294 Isopora muricata 312, 313 Axhelia mirabilis 295 Isopora muricata ss. (== cervicornis) 313 Family Eusmilidae 295 Isopora muricata forma prolifera 313 Genus Meandrina 295 Isopora muricata forma palmata 313, 314 Meandrina maeandrites 296,297 Family Poritidae 314 Family Astrangidae 298 Genus Porites 314 Genus Cladocora 298 Porites porites 314-316 Cladocora arbuscula 298 Porites porites forma clavaria 316 Cladocora debilis 298 Porites porites forma furcata 316 Genus Astrangia 298 Porites porites forma divaricata 316 Astrangia solitaria? var. portoricensis 298,299 Porites astreoides 317 Astrangia astreiformis 300 Porites astreoides forma a 317 Family Orbicellidae 300 Porites astreoides forma /3 318 Genus Orbicella 300 Class Hydrozoa 318 Orbicella acropora var 301 Order Hydrocoral linse 318 Family Favidae 302 Family Milleporidae 318 Genus Favia 303 Genus Millepora 318 Favia fragum 303, 304 Millepora alcicornis 318 290 .
  • Global Fund for Coral Reefs Investment Plan 2021 – Annexes

    Global Fund for Coral Reefs Investment Plan 2021 – Annexes

    Global Fund for Coral Reefs Investment Plan 2021 – Annexes Annex 1 GFCR Theory of Change Outcomes and potential outputs ...................................................... 1 Annex 2 Coral Reefs, Climate Change and Communities: Prioritising Action to Save the World’s Most Vulnerable Global Ecosystem ..................................................................................................................... 2 Annex 3 Countries included in the GCF Proposal ................................................................................ 16 Annex 4 Request for Information Results ........................................................................................... 17 Annex 5 Potential Focal Areas ............................................................................................................. 34 Annex 6 RFI Questions ........................................................................................................................ 36 Annex 7 Country Profiles..................................................................................................................... 57 Annex 8 GFCR Country Data Table Description ................................................................................. 140 Annex 9 GFCRs Partnerships ............................................................................................................. 145 Annex 10 Key Financial Intermediaries and Platforms ........................................................................ 157 Annex 11 GFCR – Pipeline Scoping Analysis
  • Coral Reef Restoration

    Coral Reef Restoration

    CORAL REEF RESTORATION AS A STRATEGY TO IMPROVE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES A guide to coral restoration methods Copyright Suggested Citation Additional Support © 2020 United Nations Hein MY1,2, McLeod IM2, Shaver EC3, This project was also supported by Environment Programme Vardi T4, Pioch S5, Boström-Einarsson the Australian Government’s National L2,6, Ahmed M7, Grimsditch G7(2020) Environmental Science Program This publication may be reproduced Coral Reef Restoration as a strategy Tropical Water Quality Hub (NESP in whole or in part and in any form for to improve ecosystem services – TWQ) funding to Ian McLeod, Margaux educational or non-profit services A guide to coral restoration methods. Hein, and Lisa Boström-Einarsson. without special permission from United Nations Environment Program, the copyright holder, provided Nairobi, Kenya. Acknowledgement acknowledgement of the source is made. United Nations Environment 1 Marine Ecosystem Restoration (MER) We would like to express our gratitude Programme would appreciate receiving Research and Consulting, Monaco to the following experts for supporting this report through the provision of a copy of any publication that uses this 2 TropWATER, James Cook University, publication as a source. text, case studies, photos, external peer Australia review and guidance: Amanda Brigdale, No use of this publication may be made 3 The Nature Conservancy, USA Anastazia Banaszak, Agnes LePort, for resale or any other commercial Tory Chase, Tom Moore, Tadashi 4 ECS for NOAA Fisheries, USA purpose whatsoever without prior Kimura, members of the ICRI Ad-Hoc permission in writing from the United 5 University Montpellier 3 Paul Valery, Committee on coral reef restoration, Nations Environment Programme.
  • Coral Reef Protected Areas: a Guide for Management Compiled and Edited By: James Tilmant National Park Service Water Resources Division

    Coral Reef Protected Areas: a Guide for Management Compiled and Edited By: James Tilmant National Park Service Water Resources Division

    CoralCoral ReefReef ProtectedProtected Areas:Areas: AA GuideGuide forfor ManagementManagement Prepared by the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Conservation March 10, 2000 Coral Reef Protected Areas: A Guide for Management Compiled and edited by: James Tilmant National Park Service Water Resources Division Contributors: National Park Service U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Department of the Interior, Office of Insular Affairs National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Sanctuaries Division Department of Justice Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Marine Resources Published by: U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Water Resources Division Fort Collins, Colorado Additional copies may be obtained by contacting: James Tilmant NPS Water Resources Division 1201 Oak Ridge Drive Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 [email protected] This document may be cited as: U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Working Group on Ecosystem Science and Conservation. 2000. Coral reef protected areas: A guide for management. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 14 pp. Cover photo by John Brooks, National Park Service Submerged Resources Center. Coral Reef Protection On June 11, 1998, President Clinton issued Executive Order 13089 on Coral Reef Protection (63 Federal Register 32701). The order directs federal agencies to identify their actions that may affect U.S. coral reef ecosystems, to use their authorities and programs to protect and enhance these ecosystems, and, to the extent permitted by law, ensure that any actions they authorize, fund, or carry out will not degrade the conditions of coral reef ecosystems.