FAR ABOVE FAR BEYOND

MFA TRANSPORTATION DESIGN UMEÅ INSTITUTE OF DESIGN DOMINIK KRUG UMEÅ UNIVERSITY - 2017 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

During this project I stayed in regular The tutoring and reviews at UID helped Furthermore, I want to say thank you to contact to my mentors at Land Rover, me focus on the important parts and the my fellow students for their inspiration, who guided me throughout the design positive reactions after my presentations critique, patience and company. process and provided me with important kept me motivated. I want to especially feedback. Their views helped me to thank Jonas Sandström and Demian progress, take decisions and push me out Horst for the review and tutoring of my comfort zone. Through their aid I sessions, and also that they let me be a am also able to build and show a design student at UID. model. A special thank you to the guys involved at Land Rover: Aymeric Chertier, Martin Pohanka, Mark Butler, Sean Johnson and Tino Segui.

1 2 TABLE OF CONTENT

Table of content 3

Abstract 5

Introduction 7

Process

Research and References 9 Nasa‘s Journey to Mars 11 Google lunar Xprize 13 SpaceX 14 Mars 15 The people on Mars 17 Mars Stations 18 ISRU (In Situ Ressource Utilization) 19 Space based Solar Power 20 Mixed Reality 21 Land Rover 23

Design Opportunities and Goals and Wishes 25

Creative Development Exterior 27 Interior 35

Results

Final Design Exterior 43 Thrusters 45 Offroad system 47 RPHW 49 RPHW + Mixed Reality 51 Interior + Functions 53 Bathroom 55 Suitport 57 Mobile HQ 59

Design Model 61

Reflections and Conclusions 63

References 65

3 4 ABSTRACT

The intention of this project is to give a The conditions on Mars guided me The vehicles features offer answers to vision of what a Land Rover Mars throughout the design process. face the harsh conditions on Mars and Exploration Vehicle could look like, Extremely cold temperatures don‘t allow also to enable a new enhanced driving which tasks it would have to perform and for the use of many materials. experience through the use of mixed also which technologies and features The lack of oxygen and a low reality applications. it would need to accomplish the task atmospheric pressure needed to be of exploring a place far away from our considered for the ingress and egress It was important to incorporate the homeplanet and civilisation. into and out of the vehicle. brands values and it‘s heritage, while The absence of a developed also interpeting design cues in a new way In the 2030s the first manned missions infrastructure and the terrain conditions and to explore a future design language to Mars are planned. The first arrivers needed to be addressed through an for Land Rover. will have exploration vehicles, that are extreme off-road system and vehicle limited in range and capability. features. To really explore the planet, vehicles with greater off-road capability and range During the design process I used will be needed in following missions to traditional 2D sketch and 3D modelling the red planet. The vehicles also need methods combined with virtual reality to allow the crew to stay in the vehicle for testing and refining. This method for long journeys comfortably and offer proved very efficient and helpful, extended life support. especially in the verification and testing of ergonomics and the perception of space inside the vehicle.

5 6 INTRODUCTION BIG DREAMS

We certainly live in very interesting In recent years the topic of space It is important to set our goals high. Like the ISS, going to Mars can not be Exploring unconquered terrain is what With the Tata Group as a ressourceful times. Political, social and religious shifts exploration had a revival and massive Humanity needs something aspirational achieved by one company or nation. It earned the brand high admiration and and diversified parent corporation and tensions, decentralisation of finance advancements from nowadays private to work towards and to dream big. requires many with one shared vision desirability and runs deep in it‘s roots. Land Rover has the necessary ressources and government, technological organisations and companies bring the and the bravery to think beyond personal Furthermore, potentially taking part in and knowledge to realise a vehicle able innovations, breakthroughs in medicine prospect to dream big. Shooting a rocket Dreaming big is often times dismissed as gains and short term profits. The vision the terraforming process of Mars would to face the most difficult terrain and and many more things cover headlines up in the sky and beyond is a costly naive, a waste of time and ressources or beeing a self sustaining colony on the be a philosophical link back to the very conditions. A vehicle able to conquer on almost a daily basis and affect our endeavor, a highly complicated one plainly just too good to be true. red planet. A planet far away and hostile first of it‘s kind. Mars. Advanced technology and lives in a multitude of ways. Often times aswell and certainly makes you wonder if Dreaming big is though exactly what we, to life as we know it. However, a planet manufacturing would be required, which we read the news and an ever faster, we don‘t have enough challenges to face as one species of many people, need. with a huge amount of frozen water, a Nowadays the brand and it‘s would eventually find it‘s way into future more connected, automated and right here on Earth. A big dream, that is in fact becoming high concentration of carbon dioxyde vehicles stand for certain types of earth bound derivatives and the existing advanced world view emerges. Other However, there is no American, reality, is our journey to Mars. and other ressources we can use and lifestyles. On one side of the spectrum pillar vehicles. This contribution would times senseless violence, an increasing Russian, Japanese, Chinese, German or Huge financial efforts, countless hours transform to enable life. The plan is to you can find comfort, elevation and lead not only to great publicity and division between rich and poor, poluted whichever nation‘s space station. There of work, research and development of explore, research, experiment on and in luxury, while still beeing able to tackle interest in the brand and it‘s vehicles, and destroyed nature, social isolation is only the International Space Station. many individuals, companies and the long run terraform the planet. Many the most difficult terrain. Hard core off- but also inspire others. and separation draw a dark picture and A collaborative effort and bright nations, exceptional bravery of the things, including insight about ourselfs roading and the possibility to go low hopes for humanity. example of union of many nations, which pioneers going there and one shared and even the origin of life could anywhere on the other end represent A vehicle of such nature would be the Some developments seem far away and are oftentimes competing, provoking and vision make this one of, if not the potentially be learned from this. a type of exploratory and adventurous ultimate expression of what the brand not relatable to the average person, but failing to come together for seemingly greatest dream humanity ever had. lifestyle. stands for: Going where no other vehicle are in fact changing all our lives. With all simpler tasks on our home planet. It is a dream uniting us and letting us Sharing this vision and taking part in it‘s can go. In addition, it would combine the the technology available to us, history The last space time inspired and look into the future with wonder and realisation can lead to many Adventurous explorers will also be the stand-out attributes of each brand pillar to learn from and the assumption to live motivated the generation of engineers awe. Humanity is about to become a contributions of all sorts of nature. ones attracted to an expedition to the vehicle: in a modern, enlightened time, very few and scientists that developed our multi planetary species and Mars is our red planet. Their individual financial tough and robust as a Defender, things actually unite all of us. modern day amenities. first step to even greater travels. Land Rover is a car brand known for support could contribute to make the modular and versatile as a Discovery, building highly capable off-road go travels to Mars financially sustainable for comfortable and technologically anywhere, do anything vehicles. the companies organising the hardware advanced as a Range Rover and They have their origin in a vehicle to go. highly specialised as a SVO vehicle. developed for agricultural use. It would be the ultimate halo-car for Land Rover.

7 8 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES NASA‘S JOURNEY TO MARS

Nasa is currently undertaking preparations The proving grounds phase will Finally, the Earth Independent phase will Nasa could have gone to Mars a long The plan included a year and a half long By doing, so the crew would find a fully for their journey to Mars. They plan to send include various missions to the moon build on what was learned on the space time ago already. George Bush senior stay for research and exploration of the fueled spacecraft upon their arrival. They the first people there by 2030. and beyond. Capabilities and equipment station and in deep space to send created another space initiative and planet. The spacecraft would be laun- would stay on Mars for more than 500 will be tested for a manned Mars humans to low-Mars orbit in the early wanted to see plans for further space ched from earth directly. The crew would days. They would explore the surface Nasa already sent orbiters, landers and rovers mission. 2030s. exploration. Nasa came up with an then arrive on Mars after six months. and the sediments. They would search on many missions. Currently, during the earth reliant phase, these unmanned missions pave immensely expensive 30 year plan, After a year and a half long stay, the crew for present and past life. the way for future human travels. Research The first of these missions is set to begin This phase will also test the entry, the 90-Day report. This plan included would return during another six months. conducted aboard the ISS, to obtain in November 2018 with the launch of descent and landing techniques needed moon bases, the ISS as a spaceport and The plan also included in situ resource Baker and Zubrin presented their plan to insight about long term space inhabitation NASA‘s new Space Launch System. The to get to the Martian surface and study a massive spacecraft, assembled in spa- utilisation. Zubrin wanted to produce all branches of Nasa around the country. and it‘s effects on the human body are beeing Exploration mission One will first launch what‘s needed for in-situ resource ce, for the actual mission to Mars. Vast methane-oxygen rocket fuel directly on Nasa’s administration rejected Zubrin’s undertaken at the moment. an unmanned and then later a manned utilization. Nasa is already studying amounts of money and effort would Mars using resources from the martian plan because it cutted out a lot of other spacecraft on a weeklong journey farther potential „Exploration Zones“ on Mars have been necessary to spend only to atmosphere. programs and rendered them obsolete They are also testing the effects of lower away than any humand has travelled that would offer compelling science bring a human to Mars, put a flag in the This would lower the weight and size of or unnecessary. Zubrin then advertised gravity, like on Mars, on technology they want before. research and provide resources the ground and then return. It would have the rocket needed to travel there. for his plan around the world, but was to use on the planet, like 3D printing methods and the involved materials. astronauts can use. costed 450 billion dollars. The American Bringing a relatively small amount of not able to progress with it. In 1992 the Other parts of proving grounds include congress refused the funding. hydrogen from earth the rocket administration at Nasa changed and a year long space inhabitation program Science missions are already in the propellants could be produced locally on revised Zubrin’s plan. They required him and a mission to bring samples from an Independent phase, with the next Robert Zubrin then developed the Mars Mars. Oxygen could also be produced to prove that his plan, to produce rocket asteroid back to earth. During this test rover due in 2020. There will also be Direct plan at Lockheed Martin with using another process and also involving propellant on Mars, works. After building mission various mission elements and a robotic demonstration mission with David Baker and a team including 12 the CO2 rich atmosphere on Mars. a successful prototype his plans came technolgies will be tested, such as solar sample collection and return in the late members. A plan bypassing most of To allow for enough time to produce back to attention. electric propulsion. 2020s. Nasa’s initial planning and focussing on this fuel an unmanned mission would be the bare necessities. The most simple launched before the actual human and direct way to bring humans to Mars. mission.

9 10 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES NASA‘S JOURNEY TO MARS

Nasa objected to many details of the Dangers of a long stay in space come If these explorers can find traces of Mars has all the necessary resources and The first step would be to warm up the As the temperature rises water will begin Mars Direct mission. Together they mainly from two kinds of radiation. indigenous life, it would redefine our elements required for human survival planet and we already know how to do to melt down and become liquid. Seas revised the plan and developed One is caused by sun flares. In a understanding of our place in the and building materials such as plastics, that. By releasing gases into the will rise, rivers will form and rainclouds alternatives and compromises. It was spacecraft, humans could be shielded universe. If life developed so closely to metals and glass. Mars’s almost 24 hour atmosphere, it will become denser and would bring water inland. At this point then called the Designed Reference from them by a big water tank our own homeworld, it could lead to the day cycle would also be easily adaptable trap more photons. This would lead to an we will be able to witness whether Mission. The cost analysis estimated surrounding them. The other kind are assumption that the universe is a place for humans and beneficial for the growth increase in temperature. Eventually indigenous life will develop naturally on 55 billion dollars and could have been cosmic rays. A constant influence from rich of life. of plants. With more and more missions, frozen patches of Co2 and Water will Mars, proving existence of life beyond done within 10 years. Because of a lack outer space, humans can not shield more and more people would inhabit evaporate naturally and increase the our home. Should no life emerge we of political support, the plans never themselves from without meter thick Another big question for many is Mars. Eventually not only scientists but effect. Another contribution would be could introduce earth’s plants into really caught wind. Zubrin later heavy shielding, unrealistic for a whether Mars will become a second also explorers and settlers. They will have small automated factories producing martian soil. It would be an ideal published his A Case for Mars book and spacecraft. The magnitude of that dose home to humanity and a new branch of the possibility to start their lives over greenhouse gases. Albeit unwelcome on conditions for those plants to thrive and received great public support from all is arguably low though. It would civilisation. With each Mars mission a and create a new track for humanity. A earth, these gases would be an efficient eventually they would spread all over around the world. increase the statistical risk of getting bigger area will be explored and colony on Mars would eventually have to way to trap heat. This process would the surface of Mars, producing more and cancer at some point later in life by a eventually a good place for a permanent govern itself. Such a society formed from require several decades at least but after more oxygen required for human life. Followers and supporters then created small amount. base will be found. Cave Systems can an intellectually rich and technologically a time the atmosphere would become This process would be painfully slow and The Mars society with the goal to make protect humans from space radiation. advanced background of people might thick enough and the planet would stay could take thousand of years. this dream a reality. They have build A main task of the Mars explorers will be Volcanic activity can provide warmth and lead to new systems of government and warm naturally. But looking back at the history of research stations all around the world to search for ancient life. They will do so power. Frozen water is already confirmed could be a role model for future technological progress and imagining the since then. They experiment on the by analyzing the ancient waterfalls and in many places. Such a place or places transformations that could benefit our The rise in air pressure would also mean achievable first steps of a human Mars isolated conditions and tasks that await places where water is confirmed to be would then be targeted by many future lives on earth. The ultimate goal of the that the settlers could expose them- colonization, one can only wonder about future Mars colonizers. They also test on present today or in the past. missions to Mars. This mainly scientific future martians will be to terraform selves to the outside without pressure our future progress and the technology equipment and processes such as A crew would travel in a pressurised and community would then need to become Mars. A goal that might not be as suits. They would still require breathing helping to bring us there. recycling their drinking water. comfortable rover. They would explore a self sustaining utilising only local unrealistic as it first sounds. Once equipment though because of the lack of vast area around their impact site. resources and producing their own food. enough settlements with significant oxygen in the atmosphere. industrial capability exist, a terraforming process can be induced. Mars was once a warm and wet place, now it is a dead planet. We can bring it back to life.

Mars has 58 different types of topography and as much surface area as the Earth’s landmass. Artist‘s depiction of a terraforming process on Mars

11 12 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES GOOGLE LUNAR XPRIZE SPACE X

The $30M Google Lunar XPRIZE AUDI Moon Rover 2017: „SpaceX designs, manufactures and A lot of their fi nancial income is is an unprecedented competi ti on to chal- launches advanced rockets and generated through a billion dollar lenge and inspire engineers, Audi is taking part in the XPrize challenge. spacecraft . The company was founded in transport contract to the ISS for Nasa. entrepreneurs and innovators from They sponsor the Part Time Scienti sts Team 2002 to revoluti onize space technology, in Berlin. around the world to develop low-cost with the ulti mate goal of enabling people SpaceX plans to send the fi rst unmanned methods of roboti c space explorati on. „Es geht uns um hohe Ingenieurskunst, nicht to live on other planets.“ missions to Mars as early as 2018 and um das Preisgeld.“ SpaceX about themselves the fi rst manned ones 2022-24. To win the Google Lunar XPRIZE, a --> It‘s about the art of engineering for us, During a presenati on Musk said by the privately funded team must be the fi rst not about the prize money The company was founded by Elon year 2060 a million people could live on to: Musk, who also founded Zip2, PayPal Mars. Taking part in this challenge is a really clever and Tesla. As CEO, his goal is to make Succefully land a spacecraft on the moon way to create brand awareness and to humanity a multi planetary species. His and the companies goals are adverti se their quatt ro technology. certainly set high and are very ambiti ous. Travel at least 500 meters The company is currently working on the If they succeed, especially in the short constructi on of the biggest rocket ever ti me period, has to be shown. Transmit high defi niti on images and conceived, able to transport 100 people video back to earth at a ti me. To reduce the costs of space The progress at which they are launches they develop reusable rockets. advancing and the fi nally successful Musk stated, that a ti cket to Mars landings of their rockets promise a and back could become att ainable for bright future and success. 100.000 Dollars in the future.

First succesful landing of a Falcon 9 rocket 21.12.2015

13 14 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES MARS

Plans to make Mars a second home to humanity are in full progress:

NASA: Aiming to send people to Mars by 2030

SpaceX: 2018 Red Dragon test mission 2020 two more missions 2022-24 first people to Mars

Boeing: “The first people to step on mars will arrive on a Boeing rocket.”

Mars One: 2022: Launch of a Rover Mission 2024: Cargo Missions 2025: Outpost in place 2026: Departure of first Crew

Other agencies also support with unmanned missions:

ESA: 2016: Exomars 1 2020s: Exomars 2

Indian Space Research Organisation: 2013: Space Orbiter Mission

The question is when will it happen, not if it will happen.

15 16 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES THE PEOPLE ON MARS MARS STATIONS

In the timeframe between 2030 to 2040 A lot of planning is happening outposts on Mars will be established. concerning potential bases on Mars. Annual space flights between Earth and Nasa held a competition in which 3D Mars occur and there will be a regular printing methods were involved to locally turnaround of people visiting and construct a home for the first arrivers. working on Mars. An important factor for the designs was shielding the inhabitants from cosmic The first people on Mars will be scientists and solar radiation. and researchers, as well as a few adventurous wealthy individuals. The winning proposal uses water vapor 3D printing to create an ice volume. The bigger the colony becomes, the Not only do the thick layers of ice more diverse the staff has to become as provide radiation shielding, but they well. Eventually, the roles of the people also let through light. An important living on Mars will be as diverse as on psychological factor for the humans Earth. On the long run the goal is to living there. terraform Mars and to make it a second home for mankind. Alternatives like building stations underground or in caves offer shielding A great variety of tasks await the first but are not aspirational to live inside settlers. They will explore for ressources, permanently. potential future base locations, volcanic activity and traces of indigenous life. Scientific experiments of elements, the effects of low gravity on humans and on plant life will be conducted. But the people going there will also need to establish an infrastructure, build their bases, grow their food and recylce their waste.

17 18 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES IN SITU RESSOURCE UTILIZATION SPACE BASED SOLAR POWER

In Situ Ressource Utilisation means to The Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment or ISRU-systems will enable the astronauts Space based Solar Power describes the use local ressources to produce MOXIE uses the carbon dioxyde in the to produce the fuel for their return concept to collect sunlight in space and important enablers such as oxygen, buil- martian atmosphere to produce oxygen. flights and the rovers, life enabling then send it back to Earth with ding materials or rocket propellant. On oxygen, as well as building materials microwaves or a laser. a Mars mission this would eliminate the First prototypes are already working. for their bases and even for technical The great benefit of using such a system need to carry unnecessary fuel, The next step will be to send a MOXIE to systems like solar cells. compared to planetary solar solutions is contruction materials or oxygen on Mars to test in real conditions. a much higher efficiency. Because the board the rocket. satelite could always be exposed to the The system was designed to be scalable sun and the lack of an atmosphere in This will greatly reduce the weight and from the beginning. A bigger version space the absorbation of energy can be cost of the transport flights. is supposed to be sent before the first much higher than on a planet. human mission. Using SBSP on a mission to Mars would bring the massive benefit of sending energie to any place on the planetary surface.

19 20 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES MIXED REALITY

Todays virtual reality technologies give us One of the most promising companies a glimpse into the future. on the horizon is Magic Leap. A progression and the advancements of Their technology lets virtual objects this technology are easily imaginable. appear in the wearers vision and relates They will get better resolutions, become and interactcs them to the surroundings lighter, smaller and wireless. The basic and the real objects around. According principals are already in place and work to the people testing early prototypes well though. The tracking is precise and the virtual projections were crystal clear the interaction with the virtual world can and appeared to be life like without be intuitive and engaging, any of the nowadays often experienced as demonstrated by severall applications. pixelation in devices using traditional Even though the technology is still in screens. it‘s infancy, it‘s promising and usefull already. The device scans the wearers surroundings and then uses this Another type of technology, called mixed information to let virtual objects appear reality, shares a few principals of integrated into the scene. Because the movement and tracking with virtual hands of the user are also tracked, an reality. Where they differ though, is that interaction with the objects is possible. mixed reality integrates virtual objects into the real world around the wearer. By using mixed reality, the virtual and real world merge.

21 22 RESEARCH AND REFERENCES LAND ROVER TODAY AND MY LR EXPERIENCE LAND ROVER TOMORROW

Land Rover products today attract a Conclusion: Land Rover has shown what they want to By utilising mixed reality much more 3D scanning of the environment, remote diverse group of customers. implement in their future vehicles. One could be achieved. analysis, guided repair and assembly The Defender was aimed at an utilitarian For me it was very impressive how the But it was not seamless, example is using a HUD to overlay the instructions directly at the point of audience, but also gained desirability as car interacted with the terrain. It felt I had to stop to go through the menus, terrain directly in front of the vehicle, If wanted, almost the complete vehicle interest, 3D interfaces and navigation, a life style choice. On the other end like the car always knew what it had to when I wanted to change settings. which would normally not be viewable could be rendered see through by using virtual buttons positioned anywhere, Range Rovers stand for travelling in do and how to deal with the path I was Also, I could not have multiple features for the driver, onto the bonnet of the car. cameras and scanners positioned outside are some of the possible applications this luxury and comfort while still beeing able going on. activated at the same time. the vehicle to create an accurate technology could enable in a to reach the most remote places and to The menu navigation was a bit slow. HUD Sytems require a huge area on the representation of the surroundings. transportation related scenario. handle the most challenging terrains. The interaction with the car... The screen position forced me to take dashboard to cover only small areas of The Discovery vehicles are versatile and my eyes off of my driving path. the windscreen though. offer modularity. They combine off-road I could see the wade depth, capability with everyday usability for a when going through water. The technology they use to enable a reasonable price. I could see the wheel articulation, comfortable and easy passage over the when climbing rocks. roughest of terrains is fantastic, how I had the chance to test the I could sense the dimensions of the car it interacts with the driver could and abilities of a Discovery 4 in harsh through the cameras, should be improved though. conditions on a Land Rover Experience when tackling narrow corridors at one of their sites.

23 24 DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES GOALS AND WISHES

The base stations on Mars will be spread Designing an expedition vehicle for Mars, My goal is to create a futuristic, yet far apart. The capability of travelling far utilising the most advanced believable proposal for an off road distances, to connect the outposts and technologies, brings the possibility to vehicle capable of handling the tasks to explore the surface of Mars, will be rethink the package and the necessary required on Mars. required. There will be a necessity for features for an ideal off-road vehicle extreme off-road capability and the and to make it go anywhere. The vehicle, it‘s features and the ability to handle different surfaces and implemented technology should support terrains, consisting of sand dunes, Unique solutions and innovations will and help the humans on Mars to realise craters, rocky areas and mountains. be required to enable the exploration of their tasks. Mars and the transportation of humans The transportation of research and their life support and equipment. The technologies and their use should equipment, samples, food and people showcase what kind of experiences will be the tasks of the vehicle. The use of mixed reality implementation could be possible in a future Land Rover In addition, the vehicle might be used in allows to rethink the exterior, the interior vehicle. the construction of bases and and the interaction with the vehicle, structures. Life support systems and a inside and outside of it. The design and the solutions should pressurised cabin will be needed to face Finding good solutions to implement and explore and inspire a possible future the harsh and hostile conditions of Mars. use this technology can and will direction for Land Rover. transform the experience in a vehicle. The high cost of launching rockets As this technology is emerging and requires the components, that will be possibly transforming all future send, to be small and light. Potentially computing, it is important to explore producing components and parts on the capabilities and the usefullness of Mars with local ressources could help to such features and how they can support reduce the size and weight of the drivers and passengers in the future. package, that has to be send by a rocket.

25 26 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXTERIOR IDEATION EXTERIOR

A big part of the formal and Short overhangs, a high ground aestheti c inspirati on comes from the clearance and the short wheelbase very functi onal and disti ncti ve design of enable great off road capabiliti es. spacecraft and -stati ons. The short overhangs also enable a big The underlying theme is based around interior space. the octagon. An inherently strong shape, usefull for the constructi on of pressurized chambers and commonly used by NASA.

27 28 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXTERIOR DEVELOPMENT EXTERIOR

Further 2D digital development

During this phase of formal exploration I tried to apply different treatments and themes to the package I have decided on.

My intention was to create a strong technical character defined by it‘s functions. The styling should emphazise the technical areas but also introduce a dynamic through breaks and cuts into the blocky proportions.

29 30 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT CHOSEN EXTERIOR PROPOSAL EXTERIOR

31 32 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXTERIOR CAD DEVELOPMENT EXTERIOR

33 34 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT INTERIOR IDEATION INTERIOR

The interior has to offer comfortable During the first phase of interior explo- shelter for extended week-long ration I was trying different ergonomic expeditions. I included solutions that reach zones and seating/lying positions offer a transforming interior space to in VR. accomplish this. When not needed the On paper I sketched out transformations steering wheel retracts. The seats fold of components. I have then tested those out of the bed/bench. The footrest can ideas in VR by sketching out the areas be folded up to allow a lounge like where i.e. the steering wheel would fold interior space. in/out.

This gave me a clear understanding of the spaces I needed to respect in my interior package development.

35 36 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT INTERIOR DEVELOPMENT INTERIOR

Through the use of mixed reality solutions the driving experience can be enhanced so that there is no physical obstruction blocking the view.

Additional features:

>3D scanning of the environment; >3D interfaces and navigation integrated into the wearers vision; >The complete vehicle could be rendered see through. (Therefore, the vehicle would not require windows, which would lead to a stiffer construction and the reduction of weight); >Guided Instructions, i.e. for repairs and assembly, directly at the point of interest;

37 38 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT INTERIOR

The vehicle still has front facing windows The MR visualizations and interfaces for the use in emergencies, but also to can overlay solid vehicle components allow the crew to see outside, when not and offer the crew a very exposed and wearing the MR glasses. immersive view of the surrounding. This can help to clear obstacles, scout for paths and also to observe areas of interest. .

39 40 CREATIVE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION DEVELOPMENT INTERIOR

While exploring the vehicle‘s package Sketching an EVA-suit in VR over a different positions for functions such as manequin proved useful to understand the suitports were explored. the dimensions needed to enter such a suit from a fixed attachment point on the Exploring these functions in VR proved to vehicle. be a very efficient way to confirm ergonomics and to come up with an Further testing with differently sized efficient interior layout. manequins, as well as testing and confirming with real people of different Not only could I quickly test components sizes gave me a clear idea of what a good and features, but I also could get a standard for a universally ergonomic realistic feeling for the dimensions suitport would be. needed to store i.e. the EVA-suit when it is retracted and stored.

41 42 RESULTS EXTERIOR DESIGN

43 44 RESULTS THRUSTERS DESIGN

The exterior design exhibits a strong The formal integration of technical Should the vehicle go airborne or start character through compact proportions, components like the suspension arms to slide during driving, a system of six minimal overhangs and the exposed and the thrusters into the body further thrusters stabilises the vehicle. metal materials. The living cell is defined emphasise this. Four on its underside and two more on through a lighter metal finish. Add-on either side of the vehicle. parts like the fenders and other In order to ensure safety for the crew protective cladding, which are locally 3D and the vehicle, a special thruster The system can also be utilised to over- printed on Mars, are kept in a dark metal system was considered. One of the worst come small obstacles and gaps in the finish. Sharp and defined creases and possible scenarios during an expedition terrain or to provide additional forward cuts to the main body express though- would be a breakdown of the vehicle, momentum on steep inclines. ness and sturdyness. The precission of because it flipped on its roof or on its a few defining lines which extend over side. Due to the low gravity on Mars this several exterior components hint at the scenario could even occur at low speeds. vehicles technical sophistication.

45 46 RESULTS OFFROAD SYSTEMS DESIGN

The vehicle incorporates wheelhub- These only provide a solid and strong The vehicles main systems to scan the motors because of the simplicity this connection of the chassis to the wheels environment are located in two areas solution provides. The usually negative with a large amount of articulation. Each above the windscreen. The laser and effects of wheelhubsystems like a high suspension arm has a fixing point for optical scanners are protected by orange weight far from the center of the vehicle, the hydraulic system. This system levels tinted ceramic glass. can be neglected on a relatively slow the vehicle and enables it to cross rocky These scanners also provide a mixed moving exploration vehicle in a scenario areas and huge stones, as well as steep reality image overlay for the crew. with reduced gravity effect. A real inclines. advantage is the less complicated assembly. In case a part breaks down and To ensure traversing on all kinds of needs replacement the whole surfaces and terrains, plates on the component can be exchanged. metal wheels can extend to provide a By using this system no complicated claw like grip in rocky terrains or even mechanical power transmission needs to shovel like surfaces for more efficiency be considered in the suspension arms. on sand dunes.

46 48 RESULTS RPHW AND MIXED REALITY INTERFACE DESIGN

The mixed reality cockpit allows the crew Another safety measure are the Rocket After choosing a winching point the a maximum forward and sideward Propelled Harpoon Winches (RPHW). RPHWs shoot out of the front visibility by rendering solid vehicle These can be used in the circumstance compartment of the vehicle. components transparent. of the vehicle getting stuck in extreme The projectiles are laser guided by the terrain conditions. drones and release a quick hardening The 2D and 3D interfaces are seamlessly foam after impact. The vehicle can then integrated into the MR-Vision. The navigator can use the vehicles use the winching mechanism to get This enables a realtime data read directly mixed-reality system in combination with unstuck. After winching forward, the at the point of interest, as well as the drones, attached to the undersides cables detach from the projectiles and features like a realtime 3D map of the of the suitport doors, to scout for retract into the front compartment of vehicles surroundings. appropriate anker points like cracked the vehicle, where new projectiles rocks or cliffs. automatically reattach to the cable.

51 52 RESULTS ROCKET PROPELLED HARPOON WINCH DESIGN

49 50 RESULTS INTERIOR - CABIN AND FUNCTIONS DESIGN

The interior offers multiple ergonomic The footrests can then also be folded up Most interaction points are mixed reality seating and lying arrangements. to allow a lounge like seating by using interfaces, which are integrated into When the vehicle is stationary the seats the dashboard as armrests and back the vision of the astronauts. In the rear can be folded flat. This transforms the support. The mixed reality cockpit can tables can be folded out of the wall to benches into fullsize beds. then be used as an observation post. provide work and dining surfaces.

53 54 RESULTS INTERIOR - BATHROOM DESIGN

To enable extended expeditions with The bathroom also features a small basic comfort and hygiene the vehicle window. This feature should relieve the also includes a bathroom with a flip astronauts of potential claustrophobic out toilet and rudimentary showering feelings due to the tight package of the equipment. cabin. The user can shower in a standing position with the toilet retracted.

55 56 RESULTS SUITPORT DESIGN

The suitport doors on the interior are The suitports are on the left and the This brings the astronauts closer to the conveniantly placed alongside the right side of the vehicle. The articulated surface. When not in use, the rails benches to allow the crew an easy access rails bring the suits into a comfortable retract the suits and the doors cover to the suits from a seated position. position before the crew members climb them to protect from influences like Each crew member has a suitport with a in. After the suit is mounted the rail winds or stone chipping. dedicated suit in the correct size. system extends.

57 58 RESULTS MOBILE HQ AND DOCKING DESIGN

The rear of the vehicle is designed to To connect three vehicles additional This room can transfer crew members connect to a base station, as well as to triangular extensions are located in the and also enables social interaction other expedition vehicles. Each vehicle upper and the lower rear doors. between the expedition crew members. can unfold its rear doors to connect to By connecting three vehicles a small In such an arrangement the vehicles either a base station dock or to another multi purpose room is created. form a mobile HQ. vehicle.

59 60 RESULTS DESIGN MODEL DESIGN

61 62 REFLECTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

During this project I needed to apply all Even though getting familiar with the VR After a few first iterations I started to ask From a societal aspect I hope this project the skills I learned and practiced in systems and applications, to the point of others to jump into the interior by will generate further public interest in previous projects, but I also had to learn understanding how to utilise them putting them into a VR scene. the topic of space exploration, as the new tools and methods, in order to properly, was a lenghty process. Their Introducing a fresh set of eyes often gave develeopments made in this area lead reach the complete design. utilisation greatly benefitted the new insight about the perception of the to great advancements in technology, Especially the new virtual reality outcome of the project. space inside the vehicle and how people which will ultimatly benefit all of us. applications enabled me to progress this would navigate through the far with the project, while having fun, Functions could be explained and under- interior. Asking people of different height In the best case my proposed design learning new tools, at the same time. stood by the audience through the press to perform simple maneuvering inside solutions inspire vehicles and their of a button. The scale and dimension of the virtual cabin was very useful to features and functions of the future. Testing ergonomics, reach zones and interior and exterior could instantly be confirm ergonomics and to decide on the Be it on Mars or Earth. functions in VR turned out to be the perceived. The viewers could experience package. biggest advantage of using this new the design rather than just look at it on The process of this project showed me technology in developing the design. a wall. During the process of this project the the usefulness of combining traditional Applying this method early on allows to internal reviews with Demian Horst, design methods with new tools and rule out flaws quickly. Furthermore, It will be interesting to see how this Jonas Sandström and one external tutor trying to implement them into the utilising basic volumes as placeholders technology developes and how it will be helped to formulate a clearer message deisng process. I hope I can inspire for intended functions allows to applied in design processes in the future. and to concentrate on the important others to try experimenting and that I rearrange quickly and test complete It might take a while until this technology parts. have shown the advantages of doing so. interior layouts with real scale visual and especially it‘s softwares reach their verification. full potential but the solutions existing Due to the the complexity of this project For the future I will try to learn a new now are already very effective. in regards of the special conditions on tool on a regular basis, as in my In combination with traditional design Mars, but also my decision to design experience this can lead to new ways methods like sketching 2D imagery A major focus of my design exterior and interior, I was forced to of thinking and designing, while also and modelling in a surface modelling development was the exploration of the prioritize certain areas over others. keeping the design process alive and program like Alias the introduction of VR exterior styling. Early design proposals I decided to include and showcase the interesting. was a very satisfying experience. Early showed a strong automotive language functions and features most important to concept models could then be verified with soft volumes and flat, speedy successfully allow safe and extended and tested in VR. Beeing enabled to proportions. Following interior exploration missions on Mars with a sketch over such a concept model and ergonomics testing and the scenario clear focus on the vehicle. Additional to then reimporting those changes into conception of the astronauts work tasks assets like the EVA-suits, the transport i.e. Alias was very efficient. A back and quickly led me to a path of exploring rocket or the base station were forth process let me reitterate and test bulkier proportions and bigger cabin neglected. my intended functions, appearances and volumes. The purpose oriented layouts. application of the vehicle also suggested For feedback on my proposed design exploring more technical and function solutions I relied mostly on my mentor at To later showcase the Design in a realistic focussed exterior appearances. Land Rover Aymeric Chertier and Jonas one to one scale, visualization software The constant switch between working Sandström at UID. Their input pushed like VRED can be used to create a VR on the interior and the exterior let me me to explore more and they guided me scene. In such a scene realistic materials decide on a package, that was fulfilling towards the right decisions in terms of and lighting situations can be simulated all the necessary requirements while also functions, as well as appearances. in a real time three dimensional beeing efficient, simple and smal. The discussions I had with them were experience. often inspiring and pushed me to try more, but also helped me build confidence in the solutions I decided on.

63 64 REFERENCES

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3D Printing Our Future in Space and on Earth (TED-Talk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbAac9DxM1I&list=PLGAstYELnnqYt0Z7z1TBC-KDolOrfNXeY&index=12

The future of our species begins with Mars One (TED-Talk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuPeG13KtBs&list=PLGAstYELnnqYt0Z7z1TBC-KDolOrfNXeY&index=14&t=69s

What if you had a day on Mars (TED-Talk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LupcQw8OoTY&list=PLGAstYELnnqYt0Z7z1TBC-KDolOrfNXeY&index=15

How we landed a car on Mars (TED-Talk): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IhA3rvWmGuI&list=PLGAstYELnnqYt0Z7z1TBC-KDolOrfNXeY&index=16&t=8s

Reaching for the moon - creating a multi-planet civilization (TED-Talk: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q-XtByi0EgQ&list=PLGAstYELnnqYt0Z7z1TBC-KDolOrfNXeY&index=17

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Enabling technology: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-based_solar_power https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mars_Oxygen_ISRU_Experiment http://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/moxie/for-scientists/

Materials for future space use: https://www.fastcodesign.com/3066988/mit-invented-the-material-well-need-to-build-in-space?utm_content=buffer7924f&utm_ medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_campaign=buffer

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